CN109932571A - A kind of differential type spatial electromagnetic pulse differential sensor and application method - Google Patents
A kind of differential type spatial electromagnetic pulse differential sensor and application method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of differential type spatial electromagnetic pulse differential sensor, including sensing device, coaxial cable, card slot and coaxial fitting, sensing device is made of antenna house, shuttle-type inductor, sensor circular bottom plate, coaxial cable is made of the inner conductor of the coaxial cable and coaxial cable outer conductor, coaxial cable one end connect other end installation coaxial fitting with sensing device, two coaxial cable parallel lay-up both ends carry out buckle fixation using card slot, and coaxial fitting with external instrument for connecting.In the case that the present invention only has an inductor, realize the output of differential signal, the difference function of having dipole sensor, eliminate the measurement error introduced due to the sub- position difference in dipole the two poles of the earth, it is enough that precise measurement is carried out to spatial electromagnetic pulse signal, it is provided simultaneously with that small in size, structure is simple, reliable performance, uses the advantages that safe, applied widely.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to microwave testing fields, are related to sensor, and especially a kind of differential type spatial electromagnetic pulse is micro-
Sub-sensor and application method, for realizing the accurate measurement of spatial electromagnetic pulse signal.
Background technique
Electromagnetic pulse is generated by nuclear explosion and NON-NUCLEAR ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE bullet (high power microwave warhead) explosion.What nuclear explosion generated
Electromagnetic pulse is known as nuclear electromagnetic pulse, and any nuclear weapon to explode on the ground can all generate electromagnetic pulse, and energy accounts about core
Hundred a ten thousandths of explosion gross energy, generating field strength is about several hundred every meter of kilovolts, and frequency is from several hundred hertz to several hundred megahertzs.It is non-
The energy that NEMP bomb then utilizes explosive charge or chemical fuel burning to generate, it is micro- to be converted into high power by microwave device
Wave radiation energy, energy emission peak power are about dozens or even hundreds of every meter of kilovolt in several gigawatts, generation field strength, and frequency is girz
The pulse microwave beam of magnitude.
Laser target shooting is a process for simulating nuclear blast, and multiple electron beams simultaneously act on target, can generate extremely strong electromagnetism
Pulse signal causes very big interference even to damage the electronic equipment of surrounding.Electromagnetic pulse can cause to damage to electronic equipment,
But it is also more applied now.High power microwave weapon can generate extremely strong electromagnetic pulse signal, to the electronic equipment of enemy
Cause temporarily or permanently failure.In GJB 151B-2013 in RS105, passed in the cell TEM, gtem cell and parallel-plate
The strong electromagnetic pulse signal that tens kilovolts every meter can be generated in the devices such as defeated line, the transient electromagnetic field radiation-sensitive for detection device
Sensitivity.So the accurate measurement to electromagnetic pulse signal is more and more important.
Currently, to the measurement of spatial electromagnetic pulse signal, there are mainly two types of forms, and one is surveyed using traditional antenna
It measures, in document " Measurement system on power density of high power microwave radiation " (laser and the particle beams, 2004,16 (01): 0-0), benefit
With the survey of pyramidal horn antenna, waveguide coupler, the same converter of wave, the long cable of microwave, attenuator, wave detector, oscillograph composition
The electromagnetic pulse signal that amount system generates High-Power Microwave measures.Another kind is surveyed using electromagnetic pulse sensor
It measures, in document " nanosecond EMP measurement D-dot probe designs and experiment " (light laser and the particle beams, 2015,27 (11)),
A kind of monopole pyramid probe is devised, frequency bandwidth is about 800MHz, can be believed the electromagnetic pulse that the rise time is 2.3ns
It number measures.In document " small-sized short electromagnetic pulse sensor " (light laser and the particle beams, 2014,24 (12)), one is devised
The small-sized dipole electromagnetic pulse transducer of kind, design frequency bandwidth are 5GHz.The spatial electromagnetic of montena company, Switzerland production
Pulse transducer uses dipole form, and design frequency bandwidth is respectively 1GHz, 3.5GHz, 10GHz.
Currently, there is certain defect in published spatial electromagnetic pulse measure device.(1) pyramid loudspeaker day is utilized
When line measures, the bore of antenna is big, in the biggish electromagnetic pulse signal of measurement gradient, field strength distributional difference in antenna aperture
Greatly, cause measurement error big；Test system components are more, wherein when some device failure, are not easy to check.(2) monopole is utilized
When sensor measurement, monopole sensor advantage is small in size, but cannot reduce the influence of common mode interference signal.(3) using even
Extremely sub- sensor measurement when, although the difference function of dipole sensor can will reduce the influence of common mode interference signal, by
It is different in the position of dipole the two poles of the earth, when electromagnetic pulse signal gradient is larger, the corresponding field strength difference in the sub- position in the two poles of the earth compared with
Greatly, leading to dipole two-way output signal is not same strength different signal, brings error to measurement.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is providing a kind of differential type spatial electromagnetic pulse differential sensor and user
Method, has a difference function of dipole sensor, eliminates the measurement error introduced due to the sub- position difference in dipole the two poles of the earth, and enough pair
Spatial electromagnetic pulse signal carries out precise measurement, be provided simultaneously with simple small in size, structure, reliable performance, using it is safe, be applicable in model
Enclose the advantages that wide.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of differential type spatial electromagnetic pulse differential sensor, including sensing device, coaxial cable, card slot and coaxially connect
Head, sensing device are made of antenna house, shuttle-type inductor, sensor circular bottom plate, coaxial cable by the inner conductor of the coaxial cable and
Coaxial cable outer conductor composition, coaxial cable one end connect other end installation coaxial fitting, two coaxial cables with sensing device
Parallel lay-up both ends carry out buckle fixation using card slot, and coaxial fitting with external instrument for connecting.
Shuttle-type inductor is made by the good metal of electric conductivity, and shuttle-type inductor both ends are equipped with aperture, hole diameter with
The inner conductor of the coaxial cable diameter is identical, and the inner conductor of the coaxial cable is inserted into the aperture of shuttle-type inductor both ends by conducting resinl, makes
The two keeps good and contacts and fix.
Sensor circular bottom plate is made by the good metal of electric conductivity, and sensor circular bottom plate center is equipped with logical
Hole, through-hole diameter are slightly less than coaxial cable outer conductor diameter, and sensor circular bottom plate outside passes through weldering with coaxial cable outer conductor
The mode connect connects, and keeps the two is good to contact and fix.
Coaxial cable uses rigidity cable, and the specification of two coaxial cables is consistent, equal length, and two coaxial cables pass through
Card slot is fixed, and connects coaxial fitting in coaxial cable end.
Antenna house is cylindrical shape, is made by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).Barrel bore is equal with sensor circular bottom plate diameter,
It is equidistant between its height and two sensors circular bottom plate.The both ends of antenna house and sensor circular bottom plate are consolidated using glue
It is fixed, the structure of shuttle-type inductor can be stablized first, next can protect shuttle-type inductor from physical damnification.
The invention has the advantages that:
Differential type electromagnetic pulse differential transducer realizes the defeated of differential signal in the case where an only inductor
Out.In this way, when electromagnetic pulse signal gradient is very big, it is ensured that sensor two-way exports that amplitude is consistent, opposite in phase, disappears
In addition to the measurement error that the sub- sensor of conventional dipole is introduced due to two sensor position differences, realize to same position electromagnetism
Truly differential, the measurement error that preferably reduction common mode interference signal introduces of pulse signal.
Detailed description of the invention
The structure chart of Fig. 1 electromagnetic pulse sensor.
Fig. 2 electromagnetic pulse sensor cut away view.
Fig. 3 electromagnetic pulse sensor working principle diagram.
Fig. 4 electromagnetic pulse sensor uses scheme of installation.
Fig. 5 electromagnetic pulse sensor generates electromagnetic pulse oscilloscope display result to laser target shooting.
Fig. 6 electromagnetic pulse sensor is to result after laser target shooting generation electromagnetic pulse integral calculation.
Fig. 7 electromagnetic pulse sensor frequency-voltage curve calibrates map device schematic diagram.
Frequency-voltage curve of Fig. 8 electromagnetic pulse sensor under 100V/m field strength.
In figure: 1 sensing device；2 coaxial cables；3 card slots；4 coaxial fittings；5 antenna houses；6 shuttle-type inductors；7 sensors
Circular bottom plate；8 the inner conductor of the coaxial cable；9 coaxial cable outer conductors；10 antenna baluns；11 attenuators；12 cables；13 oscillographs；
14 spectrum analyzers.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.
A kind of differential type spatial electromagnetic pulse differential sensor, as shown in Figure of description 1 and Figure of description 2, including
Sensing device 1, coaxial cable 2, card slot 3 and coaxial fitting 4, sensing device 1 is by antenna house 5, shuttle-type inductor 6, sensor circle
Shape bottom plate 7 forms, and coaxial cable 2 is made of the inner conductor of the coaxial cable 8 and coaxial cable outer conductor 9.
The equivalent circuit diagram of differential type spatial electromagnetic pulse differential sensor works as spatial electromagnetic as shown in Figure of description 3
Pulse signal is radiated on shuttle-type inductor 6, and induced current i=A can be generated on shuttle-type inductor 6eq×ε0E, and shuttle-type sense
It answers and will form equivalent capacity C between device 6 and sensor circular bottom plate 7 agains, the characteristic impedance of coaxial cable 2 is equivalent resistance Rs.Its
Middle ε0For dielectric constant of air, value is 8.854 × 10-12F/m；AeqFor the equivalent area of sensor, have with the size of sensor
It closes, generally it is calculated by using standard magnetic field method；E is the field strength of electromagnetic pulse signal.It can be obtained by Fig. 3 circuit diagram:
Laplace transform is carried out to formula (1), electric field probe output voltage can be found out are as follows:
As ω RsCsWhen < < 1:
Sensor is exported in time domain:
Sensor is exported in frequency domain:
Uout1(f)=- π ε0fRsAeq|E(f)|····················(8)
Uout2(f)=π ε0fRsAeq| E (f) |=- Uout1(f)·············(9)
By formula (6), (7) it can be concluded that, when meeting ω RsCsWhen < < 1, the output signals of 2 two ports of coaxial cable when
It is equal that amplitude is shown as on domain, opposite in phase and 180 ° of phase difference；By formula (8), (9) it can be concluded that, on frequency domain, in field strength
In the case where certain, the output amplitude and frequency of coaxial port 2 are proportional.Features described above meets the characteristics of differential signal,
And output signal is the differential form of field intensity signal.Amplitude of the common mode interference signal in two coaxial lines is equal at this time, phase
It is identical, it is denoted as Ui.This sensor cooperates antenna balun 10, attenuator 11 and oscillograph 13 to use when in use, as specification is attached
Shown in Fig. 4.The effect of antenna balun 10 is will to be added after 180 ° of output signal phase shift of coaxial two-port, i.e., balun exports
Signal amplitude be 2Uout2, and interference signal amplitude after 180 ° of phase shift is equal, opposite in phase, offsets each other after addition.
It when tested field strength is very big, needs to be followed by attenuator 11 in antenna balun 10, to protect oscillograph 13 not to be damaged.Use oscillography
Device 13 shows the differential signal measured, is integrated oscillograph output waveform by the method for digital integration, the result after integral is removed
With ε0RsAeqIf having used attenuator 11, then the attenuation compensation of attenuator 11 is entered, spatial electromagnetic arteries and veins can be calculated
Rush the size of signal.
Embodiment 1, the specifically used method that spatial electromagnetic pulse signal field strength is measured using the present invention are as follows:
Step 1: transformer device 1 of the present invention being placed in space measured position, the direction of transformer device 1 and tested
The direction of an electric field of electromagnetic pulse signal is parallel.Each section instrument is attached as shown in Figure 4, transformer device 1 and antenna bar
Human relations 10 connect, and then connect oscillograph 13 through attenuator 11 and cable 12.It, can be single by oscillograph 13 if space field strength is stronger
Solely it is placed in the room or cabinet body of function of shielding.
Step 2: oscillograph 13 being booted up into preheating, sets TCH test channel to the low resistive state of 50 Ω, and according to quilt
The characteristic for surveying electromagnetic pulse signal is configured the parameters such as the time of oscillograph 13, voltage amplitude, triggering level, and by oscillography
Device 13 is adjusted to Normal or Single triggering mode.If measured signal is unknown, voltage amplitude is adjusted to maximum, triggering level
Relative small value is set, to guarantee that oscillograph is not damaged and can capture signal.
Step 3: so that electromagnetic pulse is generated equipment work, receive signal using oscillograph 13.It is shown and is tied according to oscillograph 13
Fruit, the parameters such as adjustment 13 time of oscillograph, voltage amplitude, triggering level, and adjustment 11 attenuation of attenuator, carry out repeating survey
Amount.It until each parameter is adjusted to proper level, and is finally measured, final measurement is denoted as U.
Step 4: 13 result curve U of oscillograph being stored as the data formats such as .csv or .txt, and is exported.Utilize Matlab
Or OriginPro etc. has the software of integrating function to integrate curve U, and by curve after integral divided by ε0RsAeq, multiplied by
10A/20, wherein A is attenuator attenuation, and unit dB finally calculates spatial electromagnetic pulse field intensity curve E.
Figure of description 5 is using the present invention to generation EMP measurement oscilloscope display result around laser target shooting.
In this measurement, 20dB attenuator 11 has been used.Figure of description 6 be using the present invention to Fig. 5 oscillograph 13 show result into
The practical field intensity curve in space measured after the operations such as row integral.
Effective area A of the present inventioneqIt can be obtained by frequency-voltage curve calibration.Sensor two-port frequency-voltage is bent
The slope of line is ± π ε0RsAeq| E |, frequency-voltage curve slope is found out by linear fit, later divided by π ε0Rs| E |, i.e.,
Effective area A can be acquiredeq。
Embodiment 2, frequency of the invention-voltage curve calibration method particularly includes:
Step 1: transformer device 1 of the present invention is placed in standard field strength, and by specification attached drawing 7 connects each equipment,
Transformer device 1 is connect with antenna balun 10, then connects spectrum analyzer 14 through attenuator 11 and cable 12.
Step 2: spectrum analyzer 14 being switched on and is preheated, is the frequency with standard field strength by the set of frequency of spectrum analyzer 14
Rate is consistent.
Step 3: setting working condition for standard field intensity set, set certain value for standard field intensity value, utilize frequency spectrum
Analyzer 14 is read to voltage is measured.
Step 4: replacement standard field strength and spectrum analyzer frequency keep field intensity value constant, continue to measure, finally obtain biography
Frequency-voltage curve of sensor.
Figure of description 8 is the standard field intensity value using 100V/m to frequency-voltage curve calibration result of the invention.
Embodiment described above is only that embodiments of the present invention are described, not to design of the invention and
Range is defined.Without departing from the design concept of the invention, ordinary people in the field is to technical solution of the present invention
The all variations and modifications made, should all drop into protection scope of the present invention, the scope of the present invention by appended claims and
It is not that above description limits, it is intended that all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are included
In the present invention, any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the involved claims.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of differential type spatial electromagnetic pulse differential sensor, including sensing device, coaxial cable, card slot and coaxial fitting,
The sensing device is made of antenna house, shuttle-type inductor, sensor circular bottom plate, and the coaxial cable in coaxial cable by leading
Body and coaxial cable outer conductor composition, which is characterized in that every one end of the coaxial cable connect other end peace with sensing device
Coaxial fitting is filled, two coaxial cables are fixed by card slot；Shuttle-type inductor both ends be equipped with aperture, hole diameter with it is coaxial
Cable inner conductor diameter is identical；Sensor circular bottom plate center is equipped with through-hole, and through-hole diameter is slightly less than coaxial cable
Outer conductor diameter.
2. a kind of differential type spatial electromagnetic pulse differential sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the shuttle-type
Inductor is made by the good metal of electric conductivity, and it is small in ends that the inner conductor of the coaxial cable by conducting resinl is inserted into shuttle-type inductor
Kong Zhong makes the two keep good and contacts and fix.
3. a kind of differential type spatial electromagnetic pulse differential sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the sensing
Device circular bottom plate is made by the good metal of electric conductivity, passes through welding with coaxial cable outer conductor on the outside of sensor circular bottom plate
Mode connect, both keep it is good contact it is simultaneously fixed.
4. a kind of differential type spatial electromagnetic pulse differential sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the antenna
Cover is cylindrical shape, is made by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and barrel bore is equal with sensor circular bottom plate diameter, and height is passed with two
It is equidistant between sensor circular bottom plate.
5. a kind of differential type spatial electromagnetic pulse differential sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described coaxial
Cable uses rigidity cable, and the specification of two coaxial cables is consistent, equal length.
6. a kind of application method of differential type spatial electromagnetic pulse differential sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Including frequency-voltage curve calibration method and electromagnetic pulse signal field strength measurement method, the frequency-voltage curve calibration method
It is as follows:
(1) the differential type spatial electromagnetic pulse differential sensor device is placed in standard field strength, transformer device and day
Line balun connection, then through attenuator and cable connection spectrum analyzer；
(2) spectrum analyzer is switched on and is preheated, be consistent with the frequency of standard field strength by the set of frequency of spectrum analyzer；
(3) working condition is set by standard field intensity set, sets certain value for standard field intensity value, utilizes spectrum analyzer pair
Voltage is measured to be read；
(4) replacement standard field strength and spectrum analyzer frequency keep field intensity value constant, continue to measure, finally obtain sensor
Frequency-voltage curve.
7. a kind of application method of differential type spatial electromagnetic pulse differential sensor according to claim 6, it is characterised in that:
The electromagnetic pulse signal field strength measurement method is as follows:
(1) transformer device is placed in space measured position, the direction of transformer device and tested electromagnetic pulse signal
Direction of an electric field is parallel, and transformer device 1 is connect with antenna balun 10, then connects oscillograph 13 through attenuator 11 and cable 12,
If space field strength is stronger, oscillograph 13 can be individually placed in the room or cabinet body of function of shielding；
(2) oscillograph is booted up into preheating, sets TCH test channel to the low resistive state of 50 Ω, and according to tested electromagnetic pulse
The characteristic of signal is configured the parameters such as the time of oscillograph, voltage amplitude, triggering level, and oscillograph is adjusted to Normal
Or Single triggers mode, if measured signal is unknown, voltage amplitude is adjusted to maximum, triggering level setting is relatively small
Value, to guarantee that oscillograph is not damaged and can capture signal；
(3) so that electromagnetic pulse is generated equipment work, receive signal using oscillograph, according to oscilloscope display as a result, adjustment oscillography
The parameters such as device time, voltage amplitude, triggering level, and adjustment attenuator attenuation, carry out duplicate measurements, until by each parameter
It is adjusted to proper level, and is finally measured, final measurement is denoted as U；
(4) oscillograph result curve U is stored as the data formats such as .csv or .txt, and exported, using Matlab or
OriginPro software integrates curve U, and by curve after integral divided by ε0RsAeq, multiplied by 10A/20, wherein A is decaying
Device attenuation, unit dB finally calculate spatial electromagnetic pulse field intensity curve E.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110320412A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-10-11 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | The reflection coefficient test device and test method of differential feed log-periodic antenna |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110320412A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-10-11 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | The reflection coefficient test device and test method of differential feed log-periodic antenna |
| CN110320412B (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2021-05-18 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Reflection coefficient testing device and method for differential feed log periodic antenna |
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