CN109932241A - Creep induction period prediction method for coupling residual stress and constraint effect under plastic condition - Google Patents
Creep induction period prediction method for coupling residual stress and constraint effect under plastic condition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a creep induction period prediction method for coupling residual stress and constraint effect under a plastic condition, and provides a creep induction period prediction model for coupling residual stress and constraint effect on the basis of Davies work. And (3) utilizing a toughness dissipation damage model, and introducing a load-independent constraint parameter Q to calculate a creep induction period considering a constraint effect. The invention uses a compact tension sample (CT) to apply main load to carry out a creep simulation experiment, and has the following beneficial effects: the creep induction period under the plastic condition can be simply and effectively predicted in the structure.
Description
Technical field
The creep incubation period work that the present invention relates to the thermal structures of coupling residual stress and contained effect under the condition of palsticity
Journey critical evaluation is exactly determined when, there are face crack and when being under the conditions of plastic stress, evaluating this thermal structure in structure
Creeping crack initiating life.
Background technique
Energy resource structure based on fire coal is one of the main reason of China's haze weather, and coal fired power generation be China at present most
Main generation mode, the trend is by long-term existence.Therefore, in addition to restructuring the use of energy, develop the ultra supercritical of high effect cleaning
(USC) unit is one of important channel of energy-saving and emission-reduction.However, the raising of vapor (steam) temperature and pressure and other parameters causes unit crucial
The Service Environment very severe of high-temperature pipe, it is various scarce that there are crackle, lack of penetration, weld blowhole and slag inclusions etc. especially in pipeline
It falls into, seriously threatens the safe operation of unit, need to carry out it accurate life appraisal of science.
In decades, for cracking member under high temperature, the development abroad review approach of a variety of high-temperature creep life-spans and
Method.Creep incubation period is the elapsed-time standards longest stage in creep process, and the Accurate Prediction of incubation period is for thermal structure
Creep life prediction is of great significance；The incubation period prediction model that Davies et al. is proposed based on toughness dissipation model considers
The integrality of creep process stress variation, but the influence of the residual stress of structure and contained effect to incubation period is
To research；Residual stress, contained effect widely exist in the high-temperature component of processing and manufacturing, and to the service life of component
Cause significant impact.The research for being largely directed to residual stress and contained effect in the case of high-temerature creep is also unfolded extensively.Cause
This establishes the creep incubation period prediction model of coupling residual stress and contained effect, more accurately can completely assess compound add
Carry the creep incubation period of structure.
Summary of the invention
For the present invention on the basis of Davies works, the creep incubation period for proposing coupling residual stress and contained effect is pre-
Survey model.The creep incubation period that factor Z calculates consideration residual stress is followed using elasticity with reference to that should make laws, is introduced.Using tight
Tensile sample (CT) gather by precommpression generation residual stress, and applies main load and carries out creep test.
The technical solution adopted to achieve the purpose of the present invention is:
The creep incubation period prediction technique of residual stress and contained effect thermal structure is coupled under the condition of palsticity of the invention,
The following steps are included:
S1: establishing prediction model, and the prediction model includes CT sample ontology, and the middle part front end of CT sample ontology is equipped with
The rear portion of slot, slot is equipped with notch, and slot, notch in the same plane, are additionally provided with main load pin hole, lower main load on CT sample ontology
Lotus pin hole, upper main load pin hole, lower main load pin hole setting symmetrical above and below, is separately positioned on the upper and lower ends of slot.
S2: carrying out the compression-loaded of predefined size first with upper round pin, lower round pin to the upper and lower ends of CT sample ontology,
Then upper round pin, lower round pin are discharged, residual stress distribution can be generated near the notch of CT sample ontology；
S3: it is inserted into precrack in the indentation, there containing residual stress, to carry out creep test；
S4: apply main load in upper main load pin hole, lower main load pin hole using pin, carry out high-temerature creep test；
S5: calculating can be obtained containing residual stress, needed for contained parameter CT sample incubation period by creep finite element modelling
The call parameter wanted.Under the condition of palsticity, calculating incubation period is mainly comprised the steps that
(1) stress intensity factor under Combined Loading is calculated first, its calculation formula is:
(I) in:
Wherein:It is the stress intensity factor contained only under residual stress that simulation calculates, unit is MPa (m1/2)；It is main loading stress intensity factor, unit is MPa (m1/2)；P is main load, unit N；B is sample thickness, and unit is
Mm, BnIt is the net thickness of sample, unit mm；A/W is precrack length ratio, and a is precrack length, using upper main load
Horizontal linear distance of the pin hole center of circle to precrack rear end, unit mm；W is nominal specimen width, using upper main load pin
Horizontal linear distance of the hole center of circle to CT sample ontology rear end, unit mm；F (a/W) is CT sample geometrical factor, only and a/W
It is related；V is nondimensional plasticity continuous item, is calculated as follows:
(II) in: V0It is dimensionless parameter,
Wherein:It is plasticity Residual stress intensity factors, unit is MPa (m1/2)；It is elastic residual stress intensity
The factor, unit are MPa (m1/2),Utilize JSIt calculates, JSIt is residual stress fracture parameter off field, unit MPam；
Wherein: E ' is effective modulus of elasticity: E'=E/ (1- ν2), E is elasticity modulus, and ν is Poisson's ratio, and E, ν are referring to document:
(Zhao L,Jing H,Xu L,Han Y,Xiu J.Evaluation of constraint effects on creep
crack growth by experimental investigation and numerical simulation.Engng
Fract Mech 2012；96:251-66.),And JSAll extracted using finite element modelling result；
(II) in: LrIt is dimensionless parameter, describes main load amplitude:
Wherein: σyIt is yield strength, unit MPa related with material properties, referring to document: (Zhao L, Jing H, Xu
L,Han Y,Xiu J.Evaluation of constraint effects on creep crack growth by
experimental investigation and numerical simulation.Engng Fract Mech2012；96:
251–66.)；σref PIt is main load reference stress, unit MPa is calculated with following formula:
Wherein: nLFor dimensionless crackle depth-to-width ratio parameter, it is calculate by the following formula:
Constant
(II) in:
It is the main loading stress intensity factor of elasticity,It is the main loading stress intensity factor of plasticity, unit MPa
(m1/2)；It is calculated using finite element modelling result:
(II) in: β describes the amplitude of residual stress, is dimensionless parameter；
σref SIt is secondary load reference stress, using finite element simulation calculation,
(II) in: Z is that nondimensional elasticity follows the factor, extracts stress-strain relation from finite element modelling result,
Take equivalent creep strain incrementWith Equivalent Elasticity strain incrementRatio:
(2) computational plasticity combined stress J integrated value off field, its calculation formula is:
Wherein: KIIt is mixed-mode stress-intensity factor, E ' is effective modulus of elasticity: E'=E/ (1- ν2), ν is Poisson's ratio, and E is
Elasticity modulus, ν are Poisson's ratios, and both E and ν are referring to document: (Zhao L, Jing H, Xu L, Han Y, Xiu
J.Evaluation of constraint effects on creep crack growth by experimental
investigation and numerical simulation.Engng Fract Mech 2012；96:251–66.)；
(3) the then contained parameter Q* under the conditions of computational plasticityHRR, its calculation formula is:
It is the opening stress value at the crackle forward position obtained using FEM calculation, unit is MPa.σP0It is standard
Change stress, unit MPa, εP0It is standardization strain, unit 1, α is strain hardening coefficient, and N is strain hardening exponent, σP0,
εP0, α and N are referring to document: (Zhao L, Xu L, Han Y, Jing H.Two-parameter characterization of
constraint effect induced by specimen size on creep crack growth.Engng Fract
Mech 2012；96:251–66.).INIt is dimensionless function related with N, occurrence can be obtained with consulting literatures: Shih,
C.F..1983.Tables of Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren Singular Field Quantities.Brown
University Technical Report, MRL E-147.L are scalar distances, take 1mm；
(III) in: σ22It is the opening stress value in the crackle forward position obtained using HRR stress field calculation, unit is MPa,
Wherein: r is spacing of the crackle rear portion tip to crackle forward position research point, and unit is mm.θ is crack tip angle.It is dimensionless function related with θ and N, occurrence can be obtained with consulting literatures: Shih,C.F..1983.Tables
of Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren Singular Field Quantities.Brown University
Technical Report,MRL E-147.
(4) equivalent stress is calculatedUnit is MPa, its calculation formula is:
Wherein:It is dimensionless function related with θ and N, occurrence can be obtained with consulting literatures: Shih,
C.F..1983.Tables of Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren Singular Field Quantities.Brown
University Technical Report,MRL E-147.；
(5) then computational plasticity stress field time lower incubation period ti HRR, its calculation formula is:
(V) in: n is nondimensional creep stress hardenability value, εcritIt is uniaxial creep toughness, it is related with material properties,
Unit is 1,It is creep strain change rate, unit h-1, n, ε related with material at high temperature creep attributecritWithReferring to
Document: (Zhao L, Jing H, Xu L, Han Y, Xiu J.Evaluation of constraint effects on
creep crack growth by experimental investigation and numerical
simulation.Engng Fract Mech 2012；96:251-66.),
(V) in: MSFHRRFor the Multiaxial stress factor under the condition of palsticity, calculated according to Cocks and Ashby relational expression:
Sinh is hyperbolic sine function, hHRRFor three axis degree of plastic stress, under plastic stress state:
Wherein mean stressUnit is MPa, its calculation formula is:
Wherein: σ11,σ22And σ33It is the stress value in the crackle forward position obtained using HRR stress field calculation, unit is MPa,
Wherein:It is dimensionless function related with θ and N, occurrence can be consulted
Document obtains: Shih, C.F..1983.Tables of Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren Singular Field
Quantities.Brown University Technical Report,MRL E-147.。
Preferably, the spacing r of crackle rear portion tip to crackle forward position research point, which takes d, d, is split when determining that creep germinating occurs
Creep impairment reaches 1 distance extended, the i.e. critical distance of creep germinating generation before point.
Preferably, d takes the crystallite dimension of research material.
Preferably, Bn=B.
Preferably, the finite element modelling carries out calculating simulation, σ using ABAQUS6.14ref S、JS、Extraction
Process the following steps are included:
(5) elasticity modeling is arranged in the finite element model for initially setting up the CT sample of precommpression load in material properties module
Property parameter, is arranged compressive load and contained condition: including symmetric condition and rigid condition in payload module.In contact mould
The rigid contact of setting compression round pin and sample upper and lower surface, sets output parameter in analysis step module: stress in block
Value, in mesh module grid division；
(6) task computation is submitted in operation module, obtains the calculated result of residual stress, in destination file, from field variable
In can directly extract secondary load reference stress σref S；
(7) sample model of identical size is established, main tensile load test is carried out, high temperature is set in material properties module
Under resilient plastic creep parameters, in mesh module grid division, in the rigidity for contacting setting in module and stretching pin and pin hole
Contact, and it is inserted into precrack in a model, output parameter is set in analysis step module: ess-strain value, stress intensity
Tensile load and contained condition is arranged in factor K value in payload module: including symmetric condition and rigid condition, preloading
Good residual stress is walked on importing in stress field；
(8) task computation is submitted in operation module, obtains the creep stretching experiment calculated result containing residual stress, as a result
In file, the tensile load moment is not applied also after being inserted into crackle, in the available stress value of field variableFrom historical variable
In available elastic residual stress intensity factorAnd residual stress fracture parameter JS, applying the initial of tensile load
Moment, the available main density of load factor of plasticityAvailable equivalent stress is with overall strain increment from historical variable
Change curve obtains equivalent creep strain increment from curve,Equivalent Elasticity strain incrementAnd then it obtains elasticity and chases after
With factor Z calculation method.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
It is and existing the invention proposes creep incubation period prediction model under the condition of palsticity of coupling residual stress and contained effect
There is model to compare, the design method can expand to original prediction model in the model containing residual stress, to propose one
Creep incubation period prediction technique under the simplified condition of palsticity of kind, therefore brief introduction effectively can predict the condition of palsticity in the structure
Lower creep incubation period.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 compact tensile specimen (CT) precommpression schematic diagram；
Wherein: the upper round pin of 1-, 2-CT sample ontology, the upper main load pin hole of 3-, 4- slot, 5- notch, 6- precrack, under 7-
Main load pin hole, round pin under 8-.
Fig. 2 is creeping crack germinating critical condition schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is that elasticity follows factor Z calculation method.
Fig. 4 is stress transmission schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.It should be appreciated that described herein
Specific embodiment be only used to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
P92 high-temperature refractory steel is chosen, with B=20mm, the CT sample of W=40mm, a/W=0.5 are as research object, with pre-
12000N and main load p=12000N are loaded as research load.Its main material attribute see the table below:
The creep incubation period prediction technique of residual stress and contained effect is coupled under the condition of palsticity of the invention, including following
Step:
S1: prediction model is established: as shown in Figure 1, the prediction model includes including CT sample ontology 2, CT sample ontology
Middle part front end be equipped with slot 4, the rear portion of slot is equipped with notch 5, and slot 4, notch 5 in the same plane, are additionally provided on CT sample ontology
Upper main load pin hole 3, lower main load pin hole 7, upper main load pin hole, lower main load pin hole setting symmetrical above and below, are separately positioned on
The upper and lower ends of slot.
S2: add first with the compression that upper round pin 1, lower round pin 8 carry out predefined size to the upper and lower ends of CT sample ontology 2
It carries, then discharges upper round pin, lower round pin, residual stress distribution can be generated near the notch 5 of CT sample ontology；
S3: it is inserted into precrack 6, at the notch 5 containing residual stress to carry out creep test；
S4: apply main load in upper main load pin hole 3, lower main load pin hole 7 using pin, carry out high-temerature creep test；
S5: necessity required for calculating the sample incubation period of CT containing residual stress can be obtained by creep finite element modelling and joined
Number, under the condition of palsticity, calculating incubation period is mainly comprised the steps that
(1) each parameter is calculated first:
(a) the main density of load factor of elasticity:
Following data are extracted by finite element result:
I) first, in accordance with size, establish the finite element model of the CT sample of precommpression load.It is set in material properties module
Set resilient plastic parameter.Compressive load and contained condition are set in payload module, and the contained condition includes symmetric condition
And rigid condition, in the rigid contact for contacting setting compression round pin and sample upper and lower surface in module, in analysis step module
Set output parameter: stress value, in mesh module grid division；
II) in operation module submission task computation, obtain the calculated result of residual stress.In destination file, from field variable
In can directly extract secondary load reference stress
III) sample model of establishing identical size, main tensile load test is carried out, reference can be made to Fig. 1.In material properties module
In resilient plastic creep parameters under high temperature are set, in mesh module grid division, contact setting in module stretch pin and
The rigid contact of pin hole, and it is inserted into precrack in a model, set output parameter in analysis step module: stress value is answered
Tensile load and contained condition is arranged: including symmetrical in power intensity factor K value, fracture parameter J integrated value in payload module
Condition and rigid condition import in preloading stress field and walk good residual stress；
IV) in operation module submission task computation, the creep stretching experiment calculated result containing residual stress is obtained, as a result
In file, the tensile load moment is not applied also after being inserted into crackle, the available elastic residual stress intensity from historical variable
The factorAnd residual stress fracture parameter JS=0.013MPam can calculate to obtain plasticity
Residual stress intensity factors:In the initial time for applying tensile load, available plasticity
The main density of load factorAvailable equivalent stress is with overall strain increment from historical variable
Change curve, as shown in figure 3, obtaining equivalent creep strain increment from curveEquivalent Elasticity strain incrementInto
And it obtains elasticity and follows factor Z calculation method.
(b) main load reference stress:
(c) main load amplitude:
(d) residual stress Reference Stress:
The amplitude of residual stress:
(e) elasticity follows the factor:
(f) plasticity continuous item:
(2) so, the stress intensity factor under Combined Loading
J integrated value under Combined Loading:
(3) in the available stress value of field variable
(a) it tables look-up:INThe material parameter ε of=4.49, P92 steelcrit=0.2；N=11 is being calculated
HRR stress and it is contained when, we take the distance r=d=0.05mm before splitting point.
The opening stress in crackle forward position:
(4) it tables look-up:
Equivalent stress
(5) germinating then occurred under computational plasticity stress field:
(a) it tables look-up:
Mean stress:
Three axis degree of stress:
The Multiaxial stress factor:
D (mm) is that creep impairment reaches 1 distance extended, i.e. creep germinating hair before determining to split point when creep germinating occurs
Raw critical distance generally takes the crystallite dimension of research material, as shown in Figure 2.
The condition of palsticity lower incubation period:
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the common skill of the art
For art personnel, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. under the condition of palsticity couple residual stress and contained effect creep incubation period prediction technique, which is characterized in that including with
Lower step:
S1: establishing prediction model, and the prediction model includes CT sample ontology, and the middle part front end of CT sample ontology is equipped with slot, slot
Rear portion be equipped with notch, slot, notch in the same plane, are additionally provided with main load pin hole, lower main load pin on CT sample ontology
Hole, upper main load pin hole, lower main load pin hole setting symmetrical above and below, is separately positioned on the upper and lower ends of slot,
S2: first with upper round pin, lower round pin the upper and lower ends of CT sample ontology are carried out with the compression-loaded of predefined size, then
Round pin, lower round pin in release can generate residual stress distribution near the notch of CT sample ontology；
S3: it is inserted into precrack in the indentation, there containing residual stress, to carry out creep test；
S4: apply main load in upper main load pin hole, lower main load pin hole using pin, carry out high-temerature creep test；
S5: calculating can be obtained containing residual stress, required for contained parameter CT sample incubation period by creep finite element modelling
Call parameter, under the condition of palsticity, calculating incubation period is mainly comprised the steps that
(1) stress intensity factor under Combined Loading is calculated first, its calculation formula is:
(I) in:
Wherein:It is the stress intensity factor contained only under residual stress that simulation calculates, unit is MPa (m1/2)；It is
Main loading stress intensity factor, unit are MPa (m1/2)；P is main load, unit N；B is sample thickness, unit mm, Bn
It is the net thickness of sample, unit mm；A/W is precrack length ratio, and a is precrack length, using upper main load pin hole
Horizontal linear distance of the center of circle to precrack rear end, unit mm；W is nominal specimen width, using upper main load pin hole circle
Horizontal linear distance of the heart to CT sample ontology rear end, unit mm；F (a/W) is CT sample geometrical factor, only related with a/W；
V is nondimensional plasticity continuous item, is calculated as follows:
(II) in: V0It is dimensionless parameter,
Wherein:It is plasticity Residual stress intensity factors, unit is MPa (m1/2)；It is elastic residual stress intensity factor,
Unit is MPa (m1/2),Utilize JSIt calculates, JSIt is residual stress fracture parameter off field, unit MPam；
Wherein: E ' is effective modulus of elasticity: E'=E/ (1- ν2), E is elasticity modulus, and ν is Poisson's ratio,And JSAll using limited
First analog result is extracted；
(II) in: LrIt is dimensionless parameter, describes main load amplitude:
Wherein: σyIt is yield strength, unit MPa related with material properties；σref PIt is main load reference stress, unit MPa,
It is calculated with following formula:
Wherein: nLFor dimensionless crackle depth-to-width ratio parameter, it is calculate by the following formula:
Constant
(II) in:
It is the main loading stress intensity factor of elasticity,It is the main loading stress intensity factor of plasticity, unit is MPa (m1/2)；It is calculated using finite element modelling result:
(II) in: β describes the amplitude of residual stress, is dimensionless parameter；
It is secondary load reference stress, using finite element simulation calculation,
(II) in: Z is that nondimensional elasticity follows the factor, extracts stress-strain relation from finite element modelling result, takes
Imitate creep strain incrementWith Equivalent Elasticity strain incrementRatio:
(2) computational plasticity combined stress J integrated value off field, its calculation formula is:
Wherein: KIIt is mixed-mode stress-intensity factor, E ' is effective modulus of elasticity: E'=E/ (1- ν2), ν is Poisson's ratio, and E is elasticity
Modulus, ν are Poisson's ratios；
(3) the then contained parameter Q* under the conditions of computational plasticityHRR, its calculation formula is:
It is the opening stress value at the crackle forward position obtained using FEM calculation, unit is Mpa, σP0It is that standardization is answered
Power, unit MPa, εP0It is standardization strain, unit 1, α is strain hardening coefficient, and N is strain hardening exponent, INIt is to have with N
The dimensionless function of pass, L are scalar distances, take 1mm；
(III) in: σ22It is the opening stress value in the crackle forward position obtained using HRR stress field calculation, unit is MPa,
Wherein: r is spacing of the crackle rear portion tip to crackle forward position research point, and unit is mm, and θ is crack tip angle,It is dimensionless function related with θ and N,
(4) equivalent stress is calculatedUnit is MPa, its calculation formula is:
Wherein:It is dimensionless function related with θ and N；
(5) then computational plasticity stress field time lower incubation period ti HRR, its calculation formula is:
(V) in: n is nondimensional creep stress hardenability value, εcritIt is uniaxial creep toughness, unit related with material properties
It is 1,It is creep strain change rate, unit h-1, it is related with material at high temperature creep attribute,
(V) in: MSFHRRFor the Multiaxial stress factor under the condition of palsticity, calculated according to Cocks and Ashby relational expression:
Sinh is hyperbolic sine function, hHRRFor three axis degree of plastic stress, under plastic stress state:
Wherein mean stressUnit is MPa, its calculation formula is:
Wherein: σ11,σ22And σ33It is the stress value in the crackle forward position obtained using HRR stress field calculation, unit is MPa,
Wherein:It is dimensionless function related with θ and N.
2. the creep incubation period prediction technique of residual stress and contained effect is coupled under the condition of palsticity as described in claim 1,
It is characterized in that, it is before splitting point when determining that creep germinating occurs that the spacing r of crackle rear portion tip to crackle forward position research point, which takes d, d,
Creep impairment reaches 1 distance extended, the i.e. critical distance of creep germinating generation.
3. the creep incubation period prediction technique of residual stress and contained effect is coupled under the condition of palsticity as claimed in claim 2,
It is characterized in that, d takes the crystallite dimension of research material.
4. the creep incubation period prediction technique of residual stress and contained effect is coupled under the condition of palsticity as described in claim 1,
It is characterized in that, Bn=B.
5. the creep incubation period prediction technique of residual stress and contained effect is coupled under the condition of palsticity as described in claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the finite element modelling carries out calculating simulation using ABAQUS6.14,JS、Extraction process
The following steps are included:
(1) finite element model for initially setting up the CT sample of precommpression load is arranged resilient plastic in material properties module and joins
Number, compressive load and contained condition are arranged in payload module: including symmetric condition and rigid condition, contacting in module
The rigid contact of compression round pin and sample upper and lower surface is set, sets output parameter in analysis step module: stress value,
Mesh module grid division；
(2) task computation is submitted in operation module, obtains the calculated result of residual stress, it, can from field variable in destination file
Directly to extract secondary load reference stress
(3) sample model of identical size is established, main tensile load test is carried out, is arranged under high temperature in material properties module
The rigid contact for stretching pin and pin hole is arranged contacting in mesh module grid division in resilient plastic creep parameters in module,
And it is inserted into precrack in a model, output parameter is set in analysis step module: ess-strain value, stress strength factor K
Value, is arranged tensile load and contained condition in payload module: including symmetric condition and rigid condition, preloading stress
Good residual stress is walked on importing in；
(4) task computation is submitted in operation module, obtains the creep stretching experiment calculated result containing residual stress, destination file
In, do not apply the tensile load moment also after being inserted into crackle, in the available stress value of field variableIt can from historical variable
To obtain elastic residual stress intensity factorAnd residual stress fracture parameter JS, apply tensile load initial time,
The available main density of load factor of plasticityFrom historical variable available equivalent stress with overall strain increment variation
Curve obtains equivalent creep strain increment from curve,Equivalent Elasticity strain incrementAnd then obtain elasticity follow because
Sub- Z calculation method.
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