CN109926586B - Disc push type electron beam forming powder laying device and method - Google Patents
Disc push type electron beam forming powder laying device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a disc-propelled electron beam forming powder spreading device, which comprises a circular powder spreading platform, wherein a forming cylinder is arranged in the center of the circular powder spreading platform, a forming bottom plate and a lifting rod are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the forming cylinder, more than 2 powder spreaders which are communicated and have the same structure are uniformly distributed from the forming cylinder along the radial direction of the circular powder spreading platform, two sides of each powder spreader are respectively provided with a baffle plate, a powder feeding cylinder is arranged on a channel enclosed by the baffle plates, the bottom of each powder feeding cylinder is sequentially provided with a movable bottom plate and a connecting shaft, a scraper is clamped between the baffle plates in each powder spreader, and one end of each scraper, which is far away from the forming cylinder, is connected with a scraper shaft; the invention also discloses a preparation method of the composite material, which is characterized in that different powder spreaders in the powder spreader are used for spreading the powder to the metal powder to prepare the composite material. The device realizes the sintering connection among different types of metal materials in the height direction, and enlarges the application range of the electron beam forming equipment; the method of the invention improves the forming efficiency of the electron beam rapid forming method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electron beam additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a disc-propelled electron beam forming powder laying device and method.
Background
The metal composite material is a multiphase material formed by compounding two or more different metal materials in a microscopic or macroscopic form, and commonly comprises titanium steel compounding, copper steel compounding, titanium zinc compounding, titanium nickel compounding, nickel steel compounding, copper aluminum compounding, nickel copper compounding and the like. The performance advantages of the component materials can be exerted, the optimal allocation of the component material resources is realized, the precious metal materials are saved, and the performance requirements which cannot be met by a single metal material are realized, so that the method has wide application prospect and good economic benefit.
An Electron Beam Selective Melting (EBSM) technology and a Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) technology are two additive manufacturing technologies widely used at present, and both of them use a solid powder material as a raw material, and a computer software and hardware control technology is adopted to directly convert a three-dimensional CAD model into an entity. In theory, any thermally bonded powder can be used as a raw material for additive manufacturing, such as polymers, ceramics, metal powders, and various composite powder materials. No matter the EBSM or SLS process is adopted, the powder feeding and spreading technology directly influences the structure size, the working quality and the working efficiency of the whole system, the preparation of a single metal material sample or part can only be realized by adopting the existing powder feeding and spreading technology, and the method is useless for realizing the simultaneous sintering of a plurality of metal materials and preparing a metal composite material. The conventional rapid prototyping powder feeding and spreading device basically realizes the preparation of single powder, and the spreading devices related to Chinese patents with publication numbers of CN101829782A, CN102126293A, CN101885062A, CN102029389A and CN101856724A can only realize the preparation of single metal powder. To realize the preparation of the metal composite material, a plurality of metal materials are required to be sintered simultaneously, and a powder spreading device needs to be redesigned to achieve mutual connection. The technical difficulty is that the same metal powder is required to be connected with each other in the sintering process, and the good transition of different metal powders in the powder laying process is ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a disc-propelled electron beam forming and powder laying device aiming at the defects of the prior art. The device evenly sets up the intercommunication and the powder paving ware that the structure is the same more than 2 through in the radial direction of circular powder paving platform, selects different metal powder to adopt different powder paving ware to send, spread powder and electron beam scanning melting in proper order respectively according to composite's constitution to obtain composite, thereby realized the sintering connection between the different kind metal material in the direction of height, enlarged electron beam forming equipment's application range.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the disc push type electron beam forming powder spreading device is characterized by comprising a circular powder spreading platform, wherein a forming cylinder is arranged at the center of the circular powder spreading platform, the bottom of the forming cylinder is sequentially provided with a forming bottom plate and a lifting rod connected with the forming bottom plate, M communicated powder spreading devices with the same structure are uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the circular powder spreading platform from the forming cylinder, wherein M is more than or equal to 2, two sides of the powder spreader are respectively provided with a baffle plate, a powder feeding cylinder is arranged on a channel surrounded by the baffle plates in the powder spreader, the bottom of the powder feeding cylinder is sequentially provided with a movable bottom plate and a connecting shaft connected with the movable bottom plate, a scraping plate is clamped between baffle sheets in the powder spreader, the one end that the shaping jar was kept away from to the scraper blade is connected with the scraper shaft, lifter, connecting axle and scraper shaft all pass the electron beam forming equipment shaping room and link to each other with linear type servo motor.
According to the disc-propelled electron beam forming powder spreading device, more than 2 communicated powder spreaders with the same structure are uniformly arranged in the radial direction of the circular powder spreading platform, different metal powder is selected according to the composition of a composite material and is sequentially conveyed and spread into the powder conveying cylinder by adopting different powder spreaders, and then scanning and melting are sequentially carried out to form single-layer solid sheets, and the single-layer solid sheets are gradually stacked to finally obtain the composite material, so that sintering connection among different types of metal materials is realized in the height direction, the use range of electron beam forming equipment is expanded, the utilization rate of the electron beam forming equipment is improved, the structure is simple, and the operation is easy; meanwhile, all the metal powder shares one powder laying platform in the powder laying process, and when different metal powder is fed into and fills the forming cylinder from the powder feeding cylinder through the scraper, the different metal powder can be kept horizontal with the powder laying platform due to the scraping effect of the scraper, so that the adjacent metal powder layers are good in transition and free of powder laying gaps, and the powder laying quality and the powder laying efficiency are improved.
The disc-propelled electron beam forming powder spreading device is characterized in that the disc-propelled electron beam forming powder spreading device is installed in a forming chamber of electron beam forming equipment, and an electron gun is arranged right above a forming cylinder of the disc-propelled electron beam forming powder spreading device. The forming cylinder of the disc-propelled electron beam forming powder-spreading device is relatively fixed with the electron gun, so that the electron beam emitted by the electron gun is favorably and accurately focused on the forming bottom plate of the forming cylinder for preheating, and the metal powder paved in the forming cylinder is heated, the size precision of the composite material prepared by the disc-propelled electron beam forming powder-spreading device is improved, and the quality of the internal tissue of the composite material is improved.
The disc push type electron beam forming powder spreading device is characterized in that the powder spreading devices are arranged on the circular powder spreading platform in pairs and are uniformly distributed. The circular powder laying platform is uniformly provided with the powder laying devices which are not less than 2 and communicated in number and have the same structure along the radial direction, so that powder laying of various metal powders is realized, the powder laying devices are limited to be paired and uniformly arranged on the circular powder laying platform, the same metal powders can be filled into powder feeding cylinders of the powder laying devices which are symmetrically arranged, and the powder is pushed into a forming chamber through a scraper for powder laying, so that the metal powder amount is saved; in addition, the arrangement also avoids mutual doping of metal powder in different directions, and improves the quality of the composite material.
The disc push type electron beam forming powder spreading device is characterized in that the number of the forming cylinders is 1, and the opening of each forming cylinder is circular or square. Preferably, 1 forming cylinder is arranged, and the forming cylinder can be accurately fixed below the electron gun, so that the focusing effect of the electron beam is ensured, and the forming precision of the composite material is improved. The opening shape of the forming cylinder determines the maximum forming shape of the composite material part, so that the forming cylinders with different opening shapes can be selected according to the shape of the target composite material part, and the application range of the disc push type electron beam forming powder laying device is expanded.
The disc push type electron beam forming powder spreading device is characterized in that the powder feeding cylinders of the M powder spreaders respectively hold different types of metal powder, and the types of the metal powder are M. Through the arrangement, sintering forming and mutual combination of multiple (not less than 2) metal materials are realized, so that the metal composite material is prepared, the processing capacity of the disc-propelled electron beam forming powder laying device for different types of metal powder is expanded, and the application range of the powder laying device for the composite material is improved; meanwhile, the powder spreading device with the appropriate number of powder spreaders can be selected according to the metal composition of the composite material, so that the preparation efficiency of the powder spreading and the composite material is improved, and the matching degree of the composite material and the powder spreading device is improved.
In addition, the invention also discloses a method for preparing the composite material by using the disc-propelled electron beam forming and powder laying device, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, establishing a three-dimensional model of a composite material part by using three-dimensional CAD modeling software, exporting and storing the three-dimensional model as an STL format three-dimensional model, then carrying out slicing processing along the height direction of the STL format three-dimensional model by using layering software to obtain a layer cutting data file, then importing the layer cutting data file into a software control system of electron beam selective melting forming equipment, and setting preparation process parameters corresponding to a layer cutting; the slice data comprises contour line information of each slice section and electron beam scanning path information;
step two, respectively filling metal powder forming the composite material parts into powder feeding cylinders of different powder spreading devices in the disc-propelled electron beam forming powder spreading device, and then vacuumizing a forming chamber of electron beam forming equipment until the vacuum degree is not more than 5 multiplied by 10-4mbar；
Preheating a forming bottom plate in a disc-propelled electron beam forming powder-spreading device by adopting an electron beam, then driving the forming bottom plate to descend by adjusting a lifting rod, driving a movable bottom plate of a powder feeding cylinder to ascend by adjusting a connecting shaft so as to overflow metal powder, and controlling a scraper shaft to drive a scraper to push the overflowing metal powder to enter the forming cylinder and be uniformly spread on the forming bottom plate; the temperature of the preheated forming bottom plate is 300-1200 ℃; the laying thickness of the metal powder is the same as the thickness of each layer of slices obtained through slicing treatment in the step one;
step four, preheating and scanning the metal powder laid on the forming bottom plate in the step three by adopting an electron beam, and then carrying out selective melting and scanning on the preheated and scanned metal powder according to the preparation process parameters of the corresponding cutting layer in the step one to obtain a single-layer solid sheet layer;
step five, repeating the powder laying process in the step three, the preheating scanning process in the step four and the selective melting scanning process for the metal powder in the rest powder laying devices in sequence until all the single-layer solid sheets are stacked layer by layer to form a composite part forming piece;
and step six, cooling the composite part formed piece obtained in the step five to be below 100 ℃ under the protection of helium, taking out, and removing unfused powder in the composite part formed piece by using high-pressure gas to obtain the composite part.
The method adopts a disc-propelled electron beam forming powder spreading device to spread the powder of the metal powder of various composite material parts, then utilizes an electron beam rapid forming method to sequentially carry out preheating scanning and selective melting scanning to melt and sinter the metal powder of different types layer by layer and accumulate the powder layer by layer to prepare the composite material parts, so that the electron beam rapid forming method is changed from the original method of forming single metal powder into the method of forming various metal powder by combination, and the forming efficiency and the application range of the electron beam rapid forming method are improved.
The method is characterized in that the slice thickness of each layer obtained by the slicing treatment in the step one is 30-200 μm. The slice thickness of each layer is the particle size range of metal powder generally adopted by electron beam rapid preparation of composite materials, can be correspondingly adjusted according to the actually adopted metal powder type and process, and is flexible, convenient and wide in application range.
In the above method, the metal powder in the second step is spherical or nearly spherical, and the particle diameter of the metal powder is 30 to 200 μm. The metal powder with the spherical or nearly spherical particle size of 30-200 mu m is used as a powder paving material, so that the fluidity of the metal powder is improved, the uniformity of powder paving is favorably realized, and the tissue uniformity of a composite material part is further improved.
The method is characterized in that the pitch of the scanning lines of the preheating scanning in the fourth step is 0.5 mm-2.0 mm. The preheating scanning is carried out by adopting the scanning line interval, the preheating efficiency is improved under the condition of ensuring the powder laying quality, and the selective melting scanning of the metal powder subjected to the subsequent preheating scanning is facilitated to obtain a single-layer solid sheet layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the disc push type electron beam forming powder spreading device, more than 2 communicated powder spreaders with the same structure are uniformly arranged in the radial direction of the circular powder spreading platform, different metal powders are selected according to the composition of a composite material and are respectively conveyed and spread by adopting different powder spreaders in sequence, and then the composite material is obtained by scanning and melting through the electron beam, so that the sintering connection among different types of metal materials is realized in the height direction, the application range of electron beam forming equipment is expanded, the utilization rate of the electron beam forming equipment is improved, the structure is simple, the operation is easy, and the powder spreading quality and the powder spreading efficiency are improved.
2. The lifting rod, the connecting shaft and the scraper shaft of the disc-propelled electron beam forming powder spreading device are connected with the linear servo motor through the forming chamber of the electron beam forming equipment, and the linear servo motor is controlled to stretch and retract through the computer control system provided with the EBMControl integrated control system software so as to realize feeding, so that the powder amount between the powder feeding cylinder and the forming cylinder is adjusted, the requirements of different metal powder on the powder spreading amount are met, the metal powder of the raw material is saved, the waste is avoided, and the cost of the raw material is reduced.
3. The disc-propelled electron beam forming powder spreading device can adopt different powder spreaders to realize the feeding, powder spreading and forming of various different metal powders, can also adopt different powder spreaders to realize the feeding, powder spreading and forming of the same metal powder, realizes the gradient preparation of the same metal material by adjusting the powder spreading thickness and the corresponding forming process, and provides conditions for researching the structure performance of the same metal material under different processes.
4. The invention adopts the preparation method of the disc-propelled electron beam forming powder-spreading device to realize the joining of different types of metal materials in the height direction, and melts and sinters the different types of metal material powder together by the electron beam rapid forming method to prepare various metal composite material parts, thereby improving the forming efficiency and the application range of the electron beam rapid forming method.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a disc-propelling type electron beam forming powder-laying device of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the disc-propelling electron beam forming powder-laying device of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 2.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the connection of the disk-propelling electron beam forming powder-spreading device in the electron beam forming chamber without the front plate according to the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1-an electron gun; 2-a forming chamber; 3, a circular powder laying platform;
4-forming a cylinder; 4-1-forming a bottom plate; 4-2-lifting rod;
5, a powder spreader; 5-1-spacer sheet; 5-2-powder feeding cylinder;
5-2-1-movable bottom plate; 5-2-connecting shaft; 5-3-a scraper;
5-4-scraper shaft.
Detailed Description
The disk-propelling electron beam molding powder-laying device of the present invention is described in detail by example 1.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the disc-propelled electron beam forming powder spreading device of the present embodiment includes a circular powder spreading platform 3, a forming cylinder 4 is disposed at the center of the circular powder spreading platform 3, a forming bottom plate 4-1 and a lifting rod 4-2 connected to the forming bottom plate 4-1 are sequentially disposed at the bottom of the forming cylinder 4, M communicated powder spreaders 5 having the same structure are uniformly distributed from the forming cylinder 4 along the radial direction of the circular powder spreading platform 3, wherein M is not less than 2, two sides of the powder spreader 5 are both provided with blocking pieces 5-1, a powder feeding cylinder 5-2 is disposed on a channel surrounded by the blocking pieces 5-1 in the powder spreader 5, a movable bottom plate 5-2-1 and a connecting shaft 5-2-2 connected to the movable bottom plate 5-2-1 are sequentially disposed at the bottom of the powder feeding cylinder 5-2, a scraper 5-3 is clamped between baffle pieces 5-1 in the powder spreader 5, one end, far away from the forming cylinder 4, of the scraper 5-3 is connected with a scraper shaft 5-4, and the lifting rod 4-2, the connecting shaft 5-2-2 and the scraper shaft 5-4 penetrate through the forming chamber 2 of the electron beam forming equipment to be connected with a linear servo motor.
In the powder paving device of the embodiment, the forming cylinder 4 is arranged at the center of the circular powder paving platform 3, the bottom of the forming cylinder 4 is sequentially provided with the forming bottom plate 4-1 and the lifting rod 4-2 connected with the forming bottom plate 4-1, in the electron beam forming process, the lifting rod 4-2 can be lowered by controlling the linear servo motor through the computer control system of the electron beam forming equipment, so that the forming bottom plate 4-1 is driven to descend, metal powder is paved on the forming bottom plate 4-1 according to the set powder paving thickness to be scanned and melted to form a single-layer solid sheet layer of a composite material, then the forming bottom plate 4-1 is continuously descended to carry out the next powder paving and scanning and melting forming, so that the sintering connection is carried out among different types of metal materials, and the accumulation of the single-layer solid sheet layers of different metal materials is realized in the height direction, obtaining a composite material; m powder spreading devices 5 which are communicated and have the same structure are uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the circular powder spreading platform 3 from the forming cylinder 4, wherein M is more than or equal to 2, different metal powders can be selected according to the composition of the composite material and respectively added into different powder spreading devices, the corresponding metal powder is sent and spread by a powder spreader according to the composition of each cutting layer of the composite material, so that the sintering connection of different metal powder in the height direction is fundamentally realized, and a proper number of powder spreading devices can be arranged according to the metal composition in the composite material, so that the application range of the powder spreading device to the metal composite material is expanded, meanwhile, different powder spreading devices can be adopted to send and spread the same metal powder, so that the powder spreading efficiency is improved, the gradient preparation of the same metal material is realized by adjusting the powder spreading thickness and the corresponding forming process, and conditions are provided for researching the tissue performance of the same metal material under different processes; the two sides of the powder spreader 5 are respectively provided with the baffle pieces 5-1, and the baffle pieces on the two sides enclose a powder feeding channel of the metal powder, so that the metal powder in the powder feeding cylinder is conveniently and completely fed onto the forming bottom plate, the cross contamination among different metal powders in different powder spreaders is avoided, the cleaning and the recovery of redundant metal powder are facilitated, and the waste of raw material powder is reduced; a powder feeding cylinder 5-2 is arranged on a channel surrounded by baffle sheets 5-1 in the powder spreader 5, a movable bottom plate 5-2-1 and a connecting shaft 5-2-2 connected with the movable bottom plate 5-2-1 are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the powder feeding cylinder 5-2, and in the electron beam forming process, a linear servo motor is controlled by a computer control system of electron beam forming equipment to realize the lifting of the connecting shaft 5-2-2, so that the movable bottom plate 5-2-1 is driven, and metal powder with a corresponding amount is fed into the powder spreader 5 according to the set powder spreading thickness to realize the powder feeding function of the powder feeding cylinder 5-2; a scraper 5-3 is clamped between the baffle pieces 5-1 in the powder spreader 5, one end of the scraper 5-3, which is far away from the forming cylinder 4, is connected with a scraper shaft 5-4, and in the process of electron beam forming, the lifting of the scraper shaft 5-4 can be realized by controlling a linear servo motor through a computer control system of the electron beam forming equipment, so that the scraper 5-3 is driven to push metal powder overflowing the powder feeding cylinder 5-2 into a forming bottom plate 4-1 in the forming cylinder 4 along a channel surrounded by the baffle pieces 5-1 to spread powder, and a subsequent scanning melting process is carried out; meanwhile, all the metal powder shares one powder paving platform in the powder paving process, and when different metal powder is fed into and fills the forming cylinder 4 from the powder feeding cylinder 5-2 through the scraper 5-3, the different metal powder can be kept horizontal with the powder paving platform due to the scraping effect of the scraper, so that the adjacent metal powder layers are well transited without powder paving gaps, and the powder paving quality and the powder paving efficiency are improved.
As shown in fig. 4, the disc-pusher type electron beam forming and powder-spreading device of the present embodiment is installed in a forming chamber 2 of an electron beam forming apparatus, and an electron gun 1 is provided directly above a forming cylinder 4 of the disc-pusher type electron beam forming and powder-spreading device. The forming cylinder of the disc-propelled electron beam forming powder-spreading device is relatively fixed with the electron gun, so that the electron beam emitted by the electron gun is favorably and accurately focused on the forming bottom plate of the forming cylinder for preheating, and the metal powder paved in the forming cylinder is heated, the size precision of the composite material prepared by the disc-propelled electron beam forming powder-spreading device is improved, and the quality of the internal tissue of the composite material is improved.
The powder spreading devices 5 of the disc-propelled electron beam forming powder spreading device of the embodiment are arranged on the circular powder spreading platform 3 in pairs and uniformly. The circular powder laying platform is uniformly provided with the powder laying devices which are not less than 2 and communicated in number and have the same structure along the radial direction, so that powder laying of various metal powders is realized, the powder laying devices are limited to be paired and uniformly arranged on the circular powder laying platform, the same metal powders can be filled into powder feeding cylinders of the powder laying devices which are symmetrically arranged, and the powder is pushed into a forming chamber through a scraper for powder laying, so that the metal powder amount is saved; in addition, the arrangement also avoids mutual doping of metal powder in different directions, and improves the quality of the composite material.
The number of the forming cylinders 4 of the disc push type electron beam forming powder spreading device in the embodiment is 1, and the opening shape of the forming cylinder 4 is circular or square. Preferably, 1 forming cylinder is arranged, and the forming cylinder can be accurately fixed below the electron gun, so that the focusing effect of the electron beam is ensured, and the forming precision of the composite material is improved. The opening shape of the forming cylinder determines the maximum forming shape of the composite material part, so that the forming cylinders with different opening shapes can be selected according to the shape of the target composite material part, and the application range of the disc push type electron beam forming powder laying device is expanded.
The powder feeding cylinders 5-2 of the M powder spreaders 5 of the disc-propelled electron beam forming powder spreading device of the embodiment respectively hold different types of metal powder, wherein the types of the metal powder are M. Through the arrangement, sintering forming and mutual combination of multiple (not less than 2) metal materials are realized, so that the metal composite material is prepared, the processing capacity of the disc-propelled electron beam forming powder laying device for different types of metal powder is expanded, and the application range of the powder laying device for the composite material is improved; meanwhile, the powder spreading device with the appropriate number of powder spreaders can be selected according to the metal composition of the composite material, so that the preparation efficiency of the powder spreading and the composite material is improved, and the matching degree of the composite material and the powder spreading device is improved.
The method of preparing a composite material using a disk-propelled electron beam molding powder-laying apparatus according to the present invention is described in detail through examples 2 to 4.
Example 2
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a three-dimensional model of a Ti-Cu-Ni-Sn composite material block part by using three-dimensional CAD modeling software CATIA and exporting and storing the three-dimensional model as an STL format three-dimensional model, then carrying out slicing processing along the height direction of the STL format three-dimensional model by using layering software Build Assembler to obtain a cut-layer ABF data file, then guiding the cut-layer ABF data file into a software control system of electron beam selective melting forming equipment and setting preparation process parameters corresponding to the cut layer; the size of the Ti-Cu-Ni-Sn composite material block part is 10mm multiplied by 10mm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height); the slice data comprises contour line information of each slice section and electron beam scanning path information; the thickness of each layer of slices obtained by slicing treatment is 30 mu m;
step two, respectively loading Ti powder, Cu powder, Ni powder and Sn powder which form the Ti-Cu-Ni-Sn composite material block part into 4 different powder spreading devices 5 (respectively marked with 1 correspondingly) in the disc propelling type electron beam forming powder spreading device#、2#、3#And 4#) Then the forming chamber 2 of the electron beam forming apparatus is vacuumized to a degree of vacuum of not more than 5 x 10-4mbar; the Ti powder, the Cu powder, the Ni powder and the Sn powder are all spherical or nearly spherical powder, the sphericity is 80-90%, and the particle size is 30-200 mu m;
preheating a forming bottom plate 4-1 in the disc-propelled electron beam forming powder-spreading device by adopting an electron beam, controlling a linear servo motor to adjust a lifting rod 4-2 by a computer control system of the electron beam forming equipment to enable the forming bottom plate 4-1 to descend, and adjusting a connecting shaft 5-2-2 by the computer control system of the electron beam forming equipment to enable the forming bottom plate 1 to descend#The movable bottom plate 5-2-1 of the powder feeding cylinder 5-2 in the powder spreader 5 is lifted to overflow Ti powder, and the Ti powder is controlled to be straight by a computer control system of the electron beam forming equipmentThe linear servo motor drives the scraper shaft 5-4 to drive the scraper 5-3 to push the overflowing Ti powder to enter the forming cylinder 4 and be uniformly laid on the forming bottom plate 4-1; the temperature of the preheated forming bottom plate 4-1 is 730 ℃; the laying thickness of the Ti powder is 30 mu m;
step four, preheating and scanning the Ti powder laid on the forming bottom plate 4-1 in the step three by adopting an electron beam, wherein the preheating scanning current is 30mA, the preheating scanning speed is 8000mm/s, and then carrying out selective melting scanning on the preheated and scanned Ti powder according to the preparation process parameters corresponding to the layer cutting in the step one, the scanning current is 18mA, and the scanning speed is 200mm/s, so as to obtain a single-layer entity sheet layer; the temperature of the preheating scanning is 730 ℃; the pitch of the scanning lines of the preheating scanning is 0.5 mm;
step five, the rest 2 are sequentially treated#、3#And 4#The Cu powder, the Ni powder and the Sn powder in the powder spreader 5 repeat the powder spreading process in the third step, the preheating scanning process in the fourth step and the selective melting scanning process until all the single-layer solid sheets are stacked layer by layer to form a Ti-Cu-Ni-Sn composite material block part forming piece; the preheating temperatures corresponding to the Cu powder, the Ni powder and the Sn powder are respectively 500 ℃, 780 ℃ and 350 ℃, the preheating scanning currents are respectively 15mA, 32mA and 10mA, the preheating scanning speeds are respectively 8000mm/s, 8000mm/s and 8000mm/s, the selective area melting scanning currents are respectively 12mA, 20mA and 8mA, and the scanning speeds are respectively 300mm/s, 200mm/s and 300 mm/s;
and sixthly, cooling the Ti-Cu-Ni-Sn composite material block part obtained in the fifth step to be below 100 ℃ under the protection of helium, taking out the Ti-Cu-Ni-Sn composite material block part, and removing unfused powder in the Ti-Cu-Ni-Sn composite material block part by using high-pressure gas to obtain the Ti-Cu-Ni-Sn composite material block part.
Example 3
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a three-dimensional model of a Ti-Cu-Fe-Sn composite material block part by using three-dimensional CAD modeling software CATIA and exporting and storing the three-dimensional model as an STL format three-dimensional model, then carrying out slicing processing along the height direction of the STL format three-dimensional model by using layered software Build Assembler to obtain a cut-layer ABF data file, then guiding the cut-layer ABF data file into a software control system of electron beam selective melting forming equipment and setting preparation process parameters corresponding to the cut layer; the size of the Ti-Cu-Fe-Sn composite material block part is 10mm multiplied by 10mm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height); the slice data comprises contour line information of each slice section and electron beam scanning path information; the slice thickness of each layer obtained by the slicing treatment is 50 μm;
step two, respectively filling Ti powder, Cu powder, Fe powder and Sn powder which form the Ti-Cu-Fe-Sn composite material block part into 4 different powder spreading devices 5 (respectively marked with 1 correspondingly) in the disc propelling type electron beam forming powder spreading device#、2#、3#And 4#) Then the forming chamber 2 of the electron beam forming apparatus is vacuumized to a degree of vacuum of not more than 5 x 10-4mbar; the Ti powder, the Cu powder, the Fe powder and the Sn powder are all spherical or nearly spherical powder, the sphericity is 80-90%, and the particle size is 30-200 mu m;
preheating a forming bottom plate 4-1 in the disc-propelled electron beam forming powder-spreading device by adopting an electron beam, controlling a linear servo motor to adjust a lifting rod 4-2 by a computer control system of the electron beam forming equipment to enable the forming bottom plate 4-1 to descend, and adjusting a connecting shaft 5-2-2 by the computer control system of the electron beam forming equipment to enable the forming bottom plate 1 to descend#A movable bottom plate 5-2-1 of a powder feeding cylinder 5-2 in a powder spreader 5 rises to enable Ti powder to overflow, and a computer control system of the electron beam forming equipment controls a linear servo motor to enable a scraper shaft 5-4 to drive a scraper 5-3 to push the overflowing Ti powder to enter a forming cylinder 4 and be uniformly laid on a forming bottom plate 4-1; the temperature of the preheated forming bottom plate 4-1 is 750 ℃; the laying thickness of the Ti powder is 50 mu m;
step four, preheating and scanning the Ti powder laid on the forming bottom plate 4-1 in the step three by adopting an electron beam, wherein the preheating scanning current is 32mA, the preheating scanning speed is 8000mm/s, and then carrying out selective melting scanning on the preheated and scanned Ti powder according to the preparation process parameters corresponding to the layer cutting in the step one, the scanning current is 22mA, and the scanning speed is 200mm/s, so as to obtain a single-layer entity sheet layer; the temperature of the preheating scanning is 750 ℃; the interval of the scanning lines of the preheating scanning is 1.0 mm;
step five, the rest 2 are sequentially treated#、3#And 4#The Cu powder, the Ni powder and the Fe powder in the powder spreader 5 repeat the powder spreading process in the third step, the preheating scanning process in the fourth step and the selective melting scanning process until all the single-layer solid sheets are stacked layer by layer to form a Ti-Cu-Fe-Sn composite material block part forming piece; the preheating temperatures corresponding to the Cu powder, the Fe powder and the Sn powder are respectively 500 ℃, 800 ℃ and 320 ℃, the preheating scanning currents are respectively 17mA, 34mA and 12mA, the preheating scanning speeds are respectively 8000mm/s, 8000mm/s and 8000mm/s, the selective area melting scanning currents are respectively 14mA, 24mA and 10mA, and the scanning speeds are respectively 300mm/s, 200mm/s and 300 mm/s;
and sixthly, cooling the Ti-Cu-Fe-Sn composite material block part obtained in the fifth step to be below 100 ℃ under the protection of helium, taking out the Ti-Cu-Fe-Sn composite material block part, and removing unfused powder in the Ti-Cu-Fe-Sn composite material block part by using high-pressure gas to obtain the Ti-Cu-Fe-Sn composite material block part.
Example 4
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a three-dimensional model of a Ti-Cu-Al-Sn composite material block part by using three-dimensional CAD modeling software CATIA and exporting and storing the three-dimensional model as an STL format three-dimensional model, then carrying out slicing processing along the height direction of the STL format three-dimensional model by using layering software Build Assembler to obtain a cut-layer ABF data file, then guiding the cut-layer ABF data file into a software control system of electron beam selective melting forming equipment and setting preparation process parameters corresponding to the cut layer; the size of the Ti-Cu-Al-Sn composite material block part is 10mm multiplied by 10mm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height); the slice data comprises contour line information of each slice section and electron beam scanning path information; the thickness of each layer of slices obtained by slicing treatment is 200 mu m;
step two, respectively filling Ti powder, Cu powder, Al powder and Sn powder which form the Ti-Cu-Al-Sn composite material block part into 4 different powder spreading devices 5 (respectively marked with 1 correspondingly) in the disc propelling type electron beam forming powder spreading device#、2#、3#And 4#) Then the forming chamber 2 of the electron beam forming apparatus is vacuumized to a degree of vacuum of not more than 5 x 10-4mbar; the Ti powder, the Cu powder, the Al powder and the Sn powder are all spherical or nearly spherical powder, the sphericity is 80-90%, and the particle size is 50-200 mu m;
preheating a forming bottom plate 4-1 in the disc-propelled electron beam forming powder-spreading device by adopting an electron beam, controlling a linear servo motor to adjust a lifting rod 4-2 by a computer control system of the electron beam forming equipment to enable the forming bottom plate 4-1 to descend, and adjusting a connecting shaft 5-2-2 by the computer control system of the electron beam forming equipment to enable the forming bottom plate 1 to descend#A movable bottom plate 5-2-1 of a powder feeding cylinder 5-2 in a powder spreader 5 rises to enable Ti powder to overflow, and a computer control system of the electron beam forming equipment controls a linear servo motor to enable a scraper shaft 5-4 to drive a scraper 5-3 to push the overflowing Ti powder to enter a forming cylinder 4 and be uniformly laid on a forming bottom plate 4-1; the temperature of the preheated forming bottom plate 4-1 is 750 ℃; the laying thickness of the Ti powder is 200 mu m;
step four, preheating and scanning the Ti powder laid on the forming bottom plate 4-1 in the step three by adopting an electron beam, wherein the preheating scanning current is 35mA, the preheating scanning speed is 8000mm/s, and then carrying out selective melting scanning on the preheated and scanned Ti powder according to the preparation process parameters corresponding to the layer cutting in the step one, the scanning current is 24mA, and the scanning speed is 200mm/s, so as to obtain a single-layer solid sheet layer; the temperature of the preheating scanning is 750 ℃; the interval of the scanning lines of the preheating scanning is 2.0 mm;
step five, the rest 2 are sequentially treated#、3#And 4#The Cu powder, the Al powder and the Sn powder in the powder spreader 5 repeat the powder spreading process in the third step, the preheating scanning process in the fourth step and the selective melting scanning process until all the single-layer solid sheets are stacked layer by layer to form a Ti-Cu-Al-Sn composite material block part forming piece; the preheating temperatures corresponding to the Cu powder, the Al powder and the Sn powder are respectively 500 ℃, 800 ℃ and 320 ℃, the preheating scanning currents are respectively 22mA, 36mA and 15mA, the preheating scanning speeds are respectively 8000mm/s, 8000mm/s and 8000mm/s, the selective melting scanning currents are respectively 16mA, 26mA and 14mA, and the scanning speeds are respectively 16mA, 26mA and 14mA300mm/s, 200mm/s and 300 mm/s;
and sixthly, cooling the Ti-Cu-Al-Sn composite material block part obtained in the fifth step to be below 100 ℃ under the protection of helium, taking out the Ti-Cu-Al-Sn composite material block part, and removing unfused powder in the Ti-Cu-Al-Sn composite material block part by using high-pressure gas to obtain the Ti-Cu-Al-Sn composite material block part.
Example 5
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a three-dimensional model of a Ti-Ta-Nb-Sn composite material block part by using three-dimensional CAD modeling software CATIA and exporting and storing the three-dimensional model as an STL format three-dimensional model, then carrying out slicing processing along the height direction of the STL format three-dimensional model by using layered software Build Assembler to obtain a cut-layer ABF data file, then guiding the cut-layer ABF data file into a software control system of electron beam selective melting forming equipment and setting preparation process parameters corresponding to the cut layer; the size of the Ti-Ta-Nb-Sn composite material block part is 10mm multiplied by 10mm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height); the slice data comprises contour line information of each slice section and electron beam scanning path information; the thickness of each layer of slices obtained by slicing treatment is 200 mu m;
step two, respectively filling Ti powder, Ta powder, Nb powder and Sn powder which form the Ti-Ta-Nb-Sn composite material block part into 4 different powder spreading devices 5 (respectively marked with 1 correspondingly) in the disc propelling type electron beam forming powder spreading device#、2#、3#And 4#) Then the forming chamber 2 of the electron beam forming apparatus is vacuumized to a degree of vacuum of 5X 10-4mbar; the Ti powder, the Ta powder, the Nb powder and the Sn powder are all nearly spherical powder, the sphericity is 80-90%, and the particle size is 50-200 mu m;
preheating a forming bottom plate 4-1 in the disc-propelled electron beam forming powder-spreading device by adopting an electron beam, controlling a linear servo motor to adjust a lifting rod 4-2 by a computer control system of the electron beam forming equipment to enable the forming bottom plate 4-1 to descend, and adjusting a connecting shaft 5-2-2 by the computer control system of the electron beam forming equipment to enable the forming bottom plate 1 to descend# Movable bottom plate 5 of powder feeding cylinder 5-2 in powder spreader 52-1, lifting to enable Ti powder to overflow, and controlling a linear servo motor through a computer control system of the electron beam forming equipment to enable a scraper shaft 5-4 to drive a scraper 5-3 to push the overflowing Ti powder to enter a forming cylinder 4 and be uniformly laid on a forming bottom plate 4-1; the temperature of the preheated forming bottom plate 4-1 is 750 ℃; the laying thickness of the Ti powder is 200 mu m;
step four, preheating and scanning the Ti powder laid on the forming bottom plate 4-1 in the step three by adopting an electron beam, wherein the preheating scanning current is 35mA, the preheating scanning speed is 8000mm/s, and then carrying out selective melting scanning on the preheated and scanned Ti powder according to the preparation process parameters corresponding to the layer cutting in the step one, the scanning current is 24mA, and the scanning speed is 200mm/s, so as to obtain a single-layer solid sheet layer; the temperature of the preheating scanning is 750 ℃; the interval of the scanning lines of the preheating scanning is 2.0 mm;
step five, the rest 2 are sequentially treated#、3#And 4#The Ta powder, the Nb powder and the Sn powder in the powder spreader 5 repeat the powder spreading process in the third step, the preheating scanning process in the fourth step and the selective melting scanning process until all the single-layer solid sheet layers are stacked layer by layer to form a Ti-Ta-Nb-Sn composite material block part forming piece; the preheating temperatures corresponding to the Ta powder, the Nb powder and the Sn powder are 1200 ℃, 1100 ℃ and 300 ℃, the preheating scanning currents are 42mA, 38mA and 14mA respectively, the preheating scanning speeds are 8000mm/s, 8000mm/s and 8000mm/s respectively, the selective area melting scanning currents are 32mA, 28mA and 13mA respectively, and the scanning speeds are 300mm/s, 200mm/s and 300mm/s respectively;
and step six, cooling the Ti-Ta-Nb-Sn composite material block part obtained in the step five to be below 100 ℃ under the protection of helium, taking out, and removing unfused powder in the Ti-Ta-Nb-Sn composite material block part by using high-pressure gas to obtain the Ti-Ta-Nb-Sn composite material block part.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The disc-propelled electron beam forming powder spreading device is characterized by comprising a circular powder spreading platform (3), wherein a forming cylinder (4) is arranged at the center of the circular powder spreading platform (3), the bottom of the forming cylinder (4) is sequentially provided with a forming bottom plate (4-1) and a lifting rod (4-2) connected with the forming bottom plate (4-1), M communicated powder spreaders (5) with the same structure are uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the circular powder spreading platform (3) from the forming cylinder (4), M is more than or equal to 2, two sides of each powder spreader (5) are respectively provided with a blocking piece (5-1), a powder feeding cylinder (5-2) is arranged on a channel surrounded by the blocking pieces (5-1) in the powder spreader (5), and the bottom of each powder feeding cylinder (5-2) is sequentially provided with a movable bottom plate (5-2-1) and a connecting shaft (5) connected with the movable bottom plate (5-2-1) -2-2), a scraper (5-3) is clamped between the baffle pieces (5-1) in the powder spreader (5), one end, far away from the forming cylinder (4), of the scraper (5-3) is connected with a scraper shaft (5-4), and the lifting rod (4-2), the connecting shaft (5-2-2) and the scraper shaft (5-4) penetrate through the forming chamber (2) of the electron beam forming equipment to be connected with a linear servo motor.
2. The powder spreading device for the disc-propelled electron beam forming according to claim 1, wherein the powder spreading device for the disc-propelled electron beam forming is installed in a forming chamber (2) of an electron beam forming device, and an electron gun (1) is arranged right above a forming cylinder (4) of the powder spreading device for the disc-propelled electron beam forming.
3. The powder spreading device for disk-propelled electron beam molding according to claim 1, wherein the powder spreaders (5) are arranged uniformly and in pairs on the circular powder spreading platform (3).
4. The disc-propelled electron beam forming powder spreading device according to claim 1, wherein the number of the forming cylinders (4) is 1, and the opening shape of the forming cylinders (4) is circular or square.
5. The disc-propelled electron beam forming powder spreading device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the powder feeding cylinders (5-2) of the M powder spreaders (5) respectively hold different kinds of metal powder, and the kinds of the metal powder are M.
6. A method for preparing a composite material by using the disc propelling type electron beam forming powder laying device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a three-dimensional model of a composite material part by using three-dimensional CAD modeling software, exporting and storing the three-dimensional model as an STL format three-dimensional model, then carrying out slicing processing along the height direction of the STL format three-dimensional model by using layering software to obtain a layer cutting data file, then importing the layer cutting data file into a software control system of electron beam selective melting forming equipment, and setting preparation process parameters corresponding to a layer cutting; the slice data comprises contour line information of each slice section and electron beam scanning path information;
step two, respectively filling metal powder forming the composite material parts into powder feeding cylinders (5-2) of different powder spreaders (5) in the disc propelling type electron beam forming powder spreading device, and then vacuumizing a forming chamber (2) of the electron beam forming equipment until the vacuum degree is not more than 5 multiplied by 10-4mbar；
Preheating a forming bottom plate (4-1) in a disc-propelled electron beam forming powder-spreading device by adopting an electron beam, then driving the forming bottom plate (4-1) to descend by adjusting a lifting rod (4-2), driving a movable bottom plate (5-2-1) of a powder feeding cylinder (5-2) to ascend by adjusting a connecting shaft (5-2-2) to overflow metal powder, and controlling a scraper shaft (5-4) to drive a scraper (5-3) to push the overflowing metal powder to enter the forming cylinder (4) and uniformly spread on the forming bottom plate (4-1); the temperature of the preheated forming bottom plate (4-1) is 300-1200 ℃; the laying thickness of the metal powder is the same as the thickness of each layer of slices obtained through slicing treatment in the step one;
step four, preheating and scanning the metal powder laid on the forming bottom plate (4-1) in the step three by adopting an electron beam, and then carrying out selective melting and scanning on the metal powder subjected to preheating and scanning according to the preparation process parameters corresponding to the cutting layer in the step one to obtain a single-layer solid sheet layer;
step five, repeating the powder spreading process in the step three, the preheating scanning process in the step four and the selective area melting scanning process on the metal powder in the rest powder spreaders (5) in sequence until all the single-layer solid sheets are stacked layer by layer to form a composite part forming part;
and step six, cooling the composite part formed piece obtained in the step five to be below 100 ℃ under the protection of helium, taking out, and removing unfused powder in the composite part formed piece by using high-pressure gas to obtain the composite part.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the slice thickness of each layer obtained by the slicing treatment in the step one is 30 μm to 200 μm.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the metal powder in the second step is spherical or nearly spherical, and the particle size of the metal powder is 30 μm to 200 μm.
9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the scan line pitch of the preheating scan in step four is 0.5mm to 2.0 mm.
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