CN109921685B - Wind energy collector based on piezoelectric effect - Google Patents
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- CN109921685B CN109921685B CN201910282196.0A CN201910282196A CN109921685B CN 109921685 B CN109921685 B CN 109921685B CN 201910282196 A CN201910282196 A CN 201910282196A CN 109921685 B CN109921685 B CN 109921685B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wind energy collector based on a piezoelectric effect, which comprises a fixed seat, a steel cantilever beam, a vibrator and a piezoelectric sheet, wherein one end of the steel cantilever beam is fixed on the fixed seat, the vibrator is arranged at the other end of the steel cantilever beam, and the piezoelectric sheet is fixed at one end of the fixed seat of the steel cantilever Liang Kaojin; the vibrator comprises the foam columnar vibrator fixedly mounted on the steel cantilever beam and a rigid auxiliary device fixedly mounted on the leeward surface of the foam columnar vibrator, and the vibrator is of a non-central symmetrical structure, so that vortex-induced resonance occurs in a resonance wind speed area, and relaxation occurs at a wind speed higher than the resonance wind speed area. The vibrator of the wind energy collector can generate vortex-induced resonance in a resonance wind speed area and can generate relaxation vibration at a larger wind speed exceeding the resonance wind speed area, so that the efficiency of wind energy collection and power generation is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of renewable energy sources and wind power generation, in particular to a wind energy collector based on a piezoelectric effect.
Background
With the development and progress of technology, the living environment of human beings is more and more intelligent. Intelligent human-occupied environments rely on a large number of wireless sensing devices to continually perceive and analyze the surrounding environment. The method can provide a data basis for the establishment and adjustment of living, traffic and working strategies of people by sensing preset environmental parameters such as wind speed, precipitation, dust concentration and the like in real time. Specifically, the intelligent building technology which is developed very rapidly at present is strongly dependent on a series of sensors attached to a building to sense temperature, wind speed, number of people in the building and other data to allocate various resources such as a central air conditioner, an elevator waiting floor and the like, so that the intensification of resource utilization is achieved, the living quality of people is improved, and the running energy consumption of the number of the people is reduced. Currently, the intellectualization of environmental monitoring is advancing at high speed and will undoubtedly continue to deepen, while wireless connection devices or sensors in the trillion are an important infrastructure that builds this highly intelligent world. To date, almost all small wireless sensing devices are battery powered, which require periodic recharging or replacement. However, the use of a large number of wireless sensors and increasingly complex sensor layout schemes makes periodic battery replacement a costly and very prone to human error. Accordingly, the development of self-contained power supply systems that can replace conventional chemical batteries is becoming more and more urgent. The self-sustaining power supply system of the small sensor is required to have the characteristics of small volume, high reliability and low cost. The actual demand promotes generation in a brand new research field, namely wind energy collection based on piezoelectric effect. For the task of supplying power to small electronic equipment, the piezoelectric effect has the advantages of small volume and wide application frequency compared with the electromagnetic effect. The piezoelectric effect is thus widely used in self-contained power supply systems for microelectronic devices and wireless sensors. However, wind energy collection based on the piezoelectric effect currently has a problem of too low energy collection efficiency, and the problem is also a major obstacle to large-area popularization of the piezoelectric effect wind energy collection device.
Using the piezoelectric effect, the technique of absorbing energy from the wind field by vortex-induced resonance of the vibrator can be traced back to 2012. Spanish scientists demonstrate a technology for acquiring energy from a wind field by using vibrators through theoretical analysis and experimental simulation methods and absorbing energy of vortex-induced resonance, and demonstrate that the technology can be fully used for supplying power for electronic instruments such as miniature sensors for a long time, so that the battery replacement problem of the miniature instruments is fundamentally solved (Barrero-Gil, A., pindado, S., & Avila, S. (2012) & Avila, extracting energy from vortex-induced vibrations: a parameter study.applied Mathematical Modelling,36 (7), 3153-3160). On the basis, various nationists propose a method for acquiring energy from a wind field through vortex-induced resonance by using different vibrator vibration schemes. Singapore, united states and chinese scientists have studied piezoelectric energy collection mechanisms based on cylindrical vortex-induced resonance by theoretical simulation and nonlinear analysis, illustrating the feasibility of cylindrical vibrator vortex-induced resonance power generation (Dai, h., abdelfepi, a., & Wang, l. (2014), theoretical modeling and nonlinear analysis of piezoelectric energy harvesting from vortex-induced vibrations.journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures,25 (14), 1861-1874). In general, the work of researchers in various countries and the practice of some early projects have demonstrated that the use of cylindrical or square cylindrical vibrators to absorb energy in wind farms by causing them to generate vortex-induced resonances is a technically and economically quite viable solution for long-term power supply of small electronic devices. However, the oscillator form and vortex-induced resonance energy absorption scheme focused by researchers in various countries have an important defect that the working wind speed range for energy absorption is too narrow. When the wind speed is lower than a certain wind speed, the wind energy collecting device stops working; when the wind speed is higher than the upper limit of the working wind speed, the collector is still in a failure state even if the wind speed is larger, so that the efficiency of the wind energy collecting device is greatly reduced, and the reliability and the operation and maintenance cost of the self-sustaining power supply system are further influenced. Therefore, there is a real need to expand the operating wind speed range of such wind energy collectors and thereby increase their energy harvesting efficiency.
The foregoing background is only for the purpose of providing an understanding of the inventive concepts and technical aspects of the present invention and is not necessarily prior art to the present application and is not intended to be used to evaluate the novelty or the inventive step of the present application without explicit evidence that such is already disclosed prior to the filing date of the present application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a wind energy collector based on a piezoelectric effect, wherein the pneumatic appearance of the existing columnar vibrator is changed on the leeward surface, so that vortex-induced resonance can be generated in a resonance area by the changed vibrator, and the vibration can be generated at a larger wind speed exceeding the resonance area, thereby solving the problem of low efficiency caused by the limitation of the working wind speed of the existing vortex-induced resonance wind energy collector.
The invention provides the following technical scheme for achieving the purpose:
the wind energy collector based on the piezoelectric effect comprises a fixed seat, a steel cantilever beam, a vibrator and a piezoelectric sheet, wherein one end of the steel cantilever beam is fixed on the fixed seat, the vibrator is arranged at the other end of the steel cantilever beam, and the piezoelectric sheet is fixed at one end of the fixed seat of the steel cantilever Liang Kaojin; the vibrator comprises a foam columnar vibrator fixedly mounted on the steel cantilever beam and a rigid auxiliary device fixedly mounted on the lee surface of the foam columnar vibrator, and the vibrator is of a non-central symmetrical structure, so that vortex-induced resonance occurs in a resonance wind speed area, and relaxation occurs at a wind speed higher than the resonance wind speed area.
According to the wind energy collector based on the piezoelectric effect, which is provided by the technical scheme, the pneumatic appearance of the vibrator is changed into a non-centrosymmetric structure by additionally arranging the rigid attachment on the lee surface (namely the wake area) of the columnar vibrator which is originally in a centrosymmetric structure, so that when wind flow passes through the vibrator, if the vortex shedding frequency of the wind speed in the wake area of the columnar vibrator is just equal to or very close to the self-vibration frequency of the wind energy collector, vortex-induced resonance is generated by the wind energy collector, and great vibration is generated; when the wind speed is increased to a wind speed area exceeding the excitation vortex resonance, the vibrator can also generate relaxation vibration, so that the working wind speed upper limit is eliminated and the working efficiency of the wind energy collector is greatly improved while the original starting wind speed of the vortex excitation resonance wind energy collector is kept unchanged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wind energy collector based on piezoelectric effect according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the wind energy collector shown in FIG. 1.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The specific embodiment of the invention provides a wind energy collector based on a piezoelectric effect, which comprises a fixed seat 1, a steel cantilever beam 2, a vibrator 3 and a piezoelectric sheet 4, wherein one end of the steel cantilever beam 2 is fixed on the fixed seat 1, the vibrator 3 is arranged at the other end of the steel cantilever beam, and the piezoelectric sheet 4 is fixed at one end of the steel cantilever beam 2 close to the fixed seat 1. The vibrator 3 comprises a foam columnar vibrator 31 fixedly mounted on the steel cantilever beam 2 and a rigid attachment 32 fixedly mounted on the leeward side of the foam columnar vibrator 31, and the vibrator 3 is of a non-centrosymmetric structure, so that the vibrator 3 generates vortex-induced resonance in a resonance wind speed region and generates relaxation vibration at a wind speed higher than the resonance wind speed region. Note that fig. 1 and 2 do not show a circuit portion.
The working principle of the existing vortex-induced resonance wind energy collector is as follows: when wind flows through the cylindrical vibrator, the airflows on the two sides of the cylinder can be separated, and the separated airflows can form eddies which fall off alternately in a cylindrical wake area. The frequency of vortex shedding is proportional to the incoming wind speed. When the wind speed is in a certain range, the vortex shedding frequency is close to or equal to the self-vibration frequency of the wind energy collector, and the wind energy collector generates vortex-induced resonance to generate large vibration. The large vibration of the cylinder can simultaneously cause the large vibration of the steel cantilever beam, so that the cantilever beam is subjected to periodical bending deformation. The bending deformation of the cantilever beam is associated with the bending deformation of the piezoelectric sheet attached to the end thereof, thereby exciting the piezoelectric effect and converting wind-activated energy into voltage energy.
In the wind energy collector provided by the invention, as shown in fig. 1, a rigid attachment 32 is installed on the leeward surface (i.e. wake area) of the columnar vibrator 31, so that the columnar vibrator and the columnar vibrator form an integral vibrator, and the integral vibrator can generate vortex-induced resonance and relaxation under the influence of higher wind speed, and can not generate vortex-induced resonance only like a single cylinder but not generate relaxation.
It should be noted that vortex induced resonance only occurs in the wind speed region where the vortex shedding frequency is close to or equal to the wind energy collector natural vibration frequency. The wind speed interval is narrow, that is, even if the wind speed is large, once the wind speed range of vortex-induced resonance is exceeded, the wind energy collection work based on the vortex-induced resonance is stopped. In contrast, the relaxation vibration belongs to self-excited vibration, and when the wind speed exceeds a relaxation critical wind speed, the amplitude of the relaxation vibration continuously increases along with the increase of the wind speed. The generation of the relaxation vibration is caused by the self-vibration of the vibrator structure, and belongs to self-excitation vibration. The initial vibration of the vibrator structure causes the vibrator to generate a wind attack angle in the airflow, so that the wind pressure on the surface is unevenly distributed, and aerodynamic force in the same direction as the initial vibration is generated, and the aerodynamic force in the same direction further enhances the initial vibration. The existing simple cylindrical vibrator belongs to a central symmetrical structure, and even if a wind attack angle exists, the pressure on the surface of the simple cylindrical vibrator is symmetrical, so that self-excitation aerodynamic force can not be generated due to mutual cancellation, and the relaxation vibration can not be generated. The integral vibrator 3 formed by the columnar vibrator 31 and the rigid attachment 32 arranged on the leeward side of the columnar vibrator is not symmetrical in center, and when the wind attack angle exists, wind pressures at two sides of the vibrator are not symmetrical, so that self-excitation aerodynamic force is generated, and the vibrator generates relaxation. Therefore, the wind energy collector is not limited by the upper limit of the wind speed of vortex-induced resonance any more, and even under the condition of a larger wind speed exceeding the resonance wind speed area, the vibrator can generate relaxation to ensure that the wind energy collector continues to work, so that the working efficiency of the wind energy collector is greatly improved. Therefore, the vibrator adopts simple design to carry out structural improvement, but unexpected technical effects are brought.
In some embodiments, the rigid attachment 32 is a plastic spacer, as shown in FIG. 1, and may be two plastic spacers located above and below the steel cantilever beam 2, respectively. In a specific embodiment, the columnar foam vibrator 31 is made of light foam, and has a smooth surface, and a diameter d=4.8 cm. The steel cantilever beam 2 is made of steel sheets, and has the working length of 20 cm, the width of 2.6 cm and the thickness of 0.095 cm. The piezoelectric sheet 4 is made of MFC-M8514-P2 manufactured by SmartMaterial Corp. The plastic separation sheet is made of hard plastic, and can be rectangular, preferably has a thickness of 0.1cm and an optimal width L sp 0.65D.
The specific form of the rigid attachment 32 mounted on the leeward side of the columnar vibrator 31 in the present invention is not limited to the plastic separator described above, and may be other structures, as long as it is mounted on the leeward side of the columnar vibrator 31 and the entire vibrator 3 can be made into a non-centrally symmetrical structure, that is, it is within the scope of the present invention.
It should be understood that the columnar vibrator 31 may be a columnar shape, or may be a cold columnar shape, such as a prism having a regular triangle in cross section, a square or other regular polygon, and the like, and the present invention is not limited thereto. The thickness of the rigid attachment 32 is also not limited to 0.1cm, and can be adjusted according to the parameters or effect requirements of the particular wind energy collector; the shape is not limited to rectangle, and the plastic separating sheet can only play the same role or achieve the same effect as the plastic separating sheet, and belongs to the protection scope of the invention.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with the preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments described. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several equivalent substitutions and obvious modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and the same should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A wind energy collector based on piezoelectric effect, characterized in that: the piezoelectric cantilever beam comprises a fixed seat (1), a steel cantilever beam (2), a vibrator (3) and a piezoelectric sheet (4), wherein one end of the steel cantilever beam (2) is fixed on the fixed seat (1), the vibrator (3) is arranged at the other end of the steel cantilever beam, and the piezoelectric sheet (4) is fixed at one end, close to the fixed seat (1), of the steel cantilever beam (2); the vibrator (3) comprises a foam columnar vibrator (31) fixedly mounted on the steel cantilever beam (2) and a rigid auxiliary device (32) fixedly mounted on the leeward surface of the foam columnar vibrator (31), the leeward surface is the side surface of the foam columnar vibrator (31), and the vibrator (3) is of a non-central symmetrical structure, so that the vibrator (3) generates vortex-induced resonance in a resonance wind speed area and generates relaxation vibration at a wind speed higher than the resonance wind speed area; the rigid attachment (32) is a plastic spacer; the rigid attachment (32) comprises two plastic separation sheets, the plastic separation sheets are respectively positioned above and below the steel cantilever beam (2), the steel cantilever beam is sheet-shaped, the two plastic separation sheets and the steel cantilever beam are perpendicular to the plane where the top surface of the foam columnar vibrator (31) is positioned and the side surface of the foam columnar vibrator, and the plane of the plastic separation sheets and the plane of the steel cantilever beam (2) are on the same straight line in the overlooking view of the top surface of the foam columnar vibrator (31).
2. The piezoelectric effect based wind energy collector of claim 1, wherein: the foam columnar vibrator (31) is cylindrical with a smooth surface.
3. The piezoelectric effect based wind energy collector of claim 2, wherein: the width (L) of the plastic separation sheet sp ) Is 0.65 times the diameter of the foam columnar vibrator (31).
4. A wind energy harvester based on the piezoelectric effect as in claim 3, wherein: the thickness of the plastic separation sheet is 0.1cm.
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| CN201910282196.0A CN109921685B (en) | 2019-04-09 | 2019-04-09 | Wind energy collector based on piezoelectric effect |
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| CN201910282196.0A CN109921685B (en) | 2019-04-09 | 2019-04-09 | Wind energy collector based on piezoelectric effect |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111852771B (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2022-03-08 | 西南石油大学 | Small wind power generation device and method adaptive to wind direction and wind speed |
| CN112865604B (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2023-03-14 | 国网新疆电力有限公司信息通信公司 | Low-damping relaxation vibration type piezoelectric wind energy collector with wide working range |
| CN114285323A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-05 | 安徽工程大学 | Vibration energy collector device |
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| CN104113232A (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2014-10-22 | 西安电子科技大学 | Wind-induced vibration piezoelectric generator |
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