CN109920982A - A kind of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material and preparation method - Google Patents
A kind of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to technical field of lithium ion battery negative, specifically a kind of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material and preparation method, which is characterized in that include the following steps: absorbent charcoal material comminution pretreatment;Prepare nano-silicon slurry;Active carbon powder is mixed with nano-silicon slurry, coal tar soft asphalt;Coking processing;Low-temperature carbonization processing;Low-temperature carbonization treated product is subjected to crushing and classification, takes 5~30 μm of product as silicon-carbon cathode material.The present invention is compared with prior art, the lithium ion battery negative material of preparation is Si-C composite material, nano-silicon is introduced in absorbent charcoal material and/or aoxidizes sub- silicon, improve ion secondary battery cathode material lithium gram volume, its gram volume has been more than the theoretical capacity of graphite material, to make the charge and discharge gram volume of battery increase, while solving the simple expansion issues that cathode is done using silicon and the sub- silicon of oxidation;Preferably solve the problems, such as volume expansion, thus cycle performance is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of lithium ion battery negative, specifically a kind of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode
Material and preparation method.
Background technique
Lithium ion battery has that energy density is big, operating voltage is high, small in size, light weight, pollution-free, fast charging and discharging, follows
The excellent properties of ring service life length etc., and it is noticeable.Currently, the negative electrode material of commercial applications includes artificial graphite, day
Right graphite, mesocarbon microspheres, are substantially graphite negative electrodes material, and feature is that have good layer structure, are suitble to
The insertion and abjection of lithium ion, theoretically the reversible lithium storage capacity of graphite can reach 372mAh/g, at present graphite negative electrodes material
Reality in half-cell takes off lithium capacity and has been up to 365mAh/g, close to theoretical boundary, but still is unable to satisfy high-energy density
The demand of battery, by taking 18650 lithium batteries as an example, graphite cathode can no longer meet the energy density requirement of 3.0Ah or more battery,
This turn of the market requires the negative electrode material that must develop a kind of novel high-energy metric density to replace graphite type material.
In order to improve the specific capacity of negative electrode material and improve charge-discharge performance, researcher begins one's study non-carbon cathode material
Material.When research finds Sn, Si and its oxide as negative electrode material, there is reversible lithium storage more higher than graphite negative electrodes material
Amount, wherein the theoretical capacity of silicon is much higher than the capacity of graphite, and capacity can achieve 4200mAh/g, aoxidizes sub- silicon theoretical capacity
2043mAh/g, de- lithium current potential platform 0.45V or so.Iting is found that such material than graphite negative electrodes material has higher capacity
Meanwhile researcher causes cycle performance of battery to decline it has also been found that there are huge volume change during iterative cycles
It exhausts, therefore limits it separately as the application of lithium ion battery negative material, influence its extensive use, researcher causes always
Power promotes capacity of lithium ion battery, solves silicon volume expansion in charge and discharge process and ask in substituting graphite cathode material with silicon
Topic becomes the emphasis of research and development.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide it is a kind of can during iterative cycles, preferably solve
The certainly preparation method of the silicon-carbon cathode material of volume expansion problem.
To achieve the above object, a kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material is designed, which is characterized in that packet
Include following step:
(1), absorbent charcoal material comminution pretreatment: by coal measures or petroleum, absorbent charcoal material that aperture is 50~500nm
It is crushed to 1~50 μm of active carbon powder;
(2), it prepares nano-silicon slurry: the silicon-containing nano material that partial size is 100-500nm being dispersed in solvent, is prepared into
Solid content is the nano-silicon slurry of 2~10wt%;
The silicon-containing nano material is or mixtures thereof one of nano-silicon, the sub- silicon of oxidation;
The solvent is or mixtures thereof washing oil in coal tar oil component, carbolineum, one of anthracene oil;
(3), it mixes: active carbon powder being mixed with nano-silicon slurry, coal tar soft asphalt, nano pulp accounts in mixture
50~75wt%, active carbon powder account for 20~35wt%, and coal tar soft asphalt accounts for 5~15wt%;
(4), coking is handled: mixture is heated to 50~100 DEG C in a kettle and stirs 1~5 hour, then pressure drop
Reduced pressure treatment is carried out to -0.05~-0.10Mpa, and is kept for 1~5 hour;Then restore to normal pressure state, be heated to 500
~650 DEG C of progress coking are handled 1~5 hour;
(5), low-temperature carbonization is handled: coking product is handled 2~8 hours with 1050~1250 DEG C of progress low-temperature carbonizations, with
Remove pyrolysis light component;
(6), crushing and classification: low-temperature carbonization treated product is subjected to crushing and classification, takes 5~30 μm of product as silicon
Carbon negative pole material.
Absorbent charcoal material is crushed to 3~5 μm in the absorbent charcoal material comminution pretreatment.
The aperture of the absorbent charcoal material is 200~400nm.
Nano silicon material partial size=the 100-200nm.
The coal tar soft asphalt uses softening point for 30~50 DEG C of coal tar asphalt.
The coal tar soft asphalt uses softening point for 35 DEG C of coal tar asphalt.
The carbonization temperature of the low-temperature carbonization processing is 1100 DEG C, and carbonization time is 4 hours.
The crushing and classification is to be crushed to partial size=5~10 μm.
Using silicon-carbon cathode material obtained by the preparation method.
Using lithium ion secondary battery prepared by the silicon-carbon cathode material.
Silicon Carbon Materials prepared by the present invention compared with prior art, have as the negative electrode material of lithium ion secondary battery
Following positive effect:
(1) lithium ion battery negative material is Si-C composite material, and nano-silicon and/or oxidation are introduced in absorbent charcoal material
Sub- silicon improves ion secondary battery cathode material lithium gram volume, and gram volume has been more than the theoretical capacity of graphite material, thus
Increase the charge and discharge gram volume of battery, while solving the simple expansion issues for doing cathode using silicon and the sub- silicon of oxidation;Due to
Nanoscale material has been used, and has preferably been dispersed in active carbon material inner void, activity is coated on after pitch coking
Charcoal particle surface, thus nano silicon material particle is wrapped up by external carbon, has been fettered silicon and/or has been aoxidized the expansion of sub- silicon, preferably
Solve the problems, such as volume expansion, thus cycle performance is improved;
(2) process flow is simply easily controllable, and device therefor is industrialization conventional equipment, it is easy to accomplish industry metaplasia
It produces.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described now in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1
(1) absorbent charcoal material of aperture=300nm coal measures or petroleum is crushed to D50=3 μm, obtains active powdered carbon
End;
(2) nano silica fume of 25 parts of D50=200nm is weighed, 475 parts of washing oil is sequentially added into sand mill, circulating ball
Obtain nano-silicon slurry within mill 15 hours;
(3), 350 parts of active carbon powder, 150 parts 35 DEG C of softening point of coal tar asphalt, with above-mentioned nanometer are weighed respectively
The mixing of silicon slurry is fitted into reaction kettle;
(4) mixture is heated to 50 DEG C, stirs 3 hours, reacting kettle inner pressure is then down to -0.1Mpa again, and keep 3
Hour, then reacting kettle inner pressure is restored to normal pressure state, and under nitrogen protection with 600 DEG C coking 5 hours, obtain solid
Massive asphalt is burnt;
(5) solid block pitch coke is handled 6 hours with 1100 DEG C of progress low-temperature carbonizations, natural cooling;
(6) low-temperature carbonization treated crushing material is classified again, takes the material of D50=8.5 μm of average partial size to get arriving
A kind of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material.Discharge capacity is 526.1mAh/g for the first time for it, and discharging efficiency is 86.5% for the first time,
Capacity retention ratio is 81.3% after 300 weeks circulations.
Embodiment 2
(1) absorbent charcoal material of aperture=300nm coal measures or petroleum is crushed to D50=3 μm, obtains active powdered carbon
End;
(2) 25 parts of nano oxidized sub- silicon powder (D50=200nm) is weighed, 475 parts of washing oil is sequentially added to sand mill
In, obtain nano-silicon slurry within circulation ball milling 15 hours;
(3) 350 parts of active carbon powders are weighed respectively, and 150 parts 35 DEG C of softening point of coal tar asphalt is starched with above-mentioned nano-silicon
Material mixing is fitted into reaction kettle;
(4) mixture is heated to 80 DEG C, stirs 1 hour, reacting kettle inner pressure is then down to -0.08Mpa again, and keep
5 hours, then reacting kettle inner pressure is restored to normal pressure state, is handled 1 hour, is obtained with 650 DEG C, coking under nitrogen protection
Solid block pitch coke;
(5) solid block pitch coke is handled 8 hours with 1050 DEG C of progress low-temperature carbonizations, natural cooling;
(6) low-temperature carbonization treated crushing material is classified again, takes the material of D50=8.4 μm of average partial size to get arriving
Lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material.Its for the first time discharge capacity be 411.1mAh/g, for the first time discharging efficiency be 87.5%, 300 weeks
Capacity retention ratio is 83.1% after circulation.
Embodiment 3
(1) absorbent charcoal material of aperture=300nm coal measures or petroleum is crushed to D50=3 μm, obtains active powdered carbon
End;
(2) nano silica fume of 15 parts of D50=200nm is weighed, 735 parts of carbolineum is sequentially added into sand mill, circulating ball
Obtain nano-silicon slurry within mill 15 hours;
(3) 200 parts of active carbon powders are weighed respectively, and 50 parts 35 DEG C of softening point of coal tar asphalt is starched with above-mentioned nano-silicon
Material mixing is fitted into reaction kettle;
(4) mixture is heated to 100 DEG C, stirs 5 hours, reacting kettle inner pressure is then down to -0.05Mpa again, and protect
It holds 5 hours, then restores reacting kettle inner pressure to normal pressure state;And handled 5 hours with 550 DEG C of coking under nitrogen protection,
Obtain solid block pitch coke;
(5) by solid block pitch coke with 1250 DEG C charing process 2 hours, natural cooling;
(6) low-temperature carbonization treated crushing material is classified again, takes the material of D50=8.6 μm of average partial size to get arriving
A kind of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material.Discharge capacity is 544.2mAh/g for the first time for it, and discharging efficiency is 85.5% for the first time,
Capacity retention ratio is 80.3% after 300 weeks circulations.
Embodiment 4
(1) absorbent charcoal material of aperture=300nm coal measures or petroleum is crushed to D50=3 μm, obtains active powdered carbon
End;
(2) weigh the nano oxidized sub- silicon powder of 15 parts of D50=200nm, 500 parts of washing oil, 235 parts of carbolineum, successively plus
Enter into sand mill, obtains nano-silicon slurry within circulation ball milling 15 hours;
(3) 200 parts of active carbon powders are weighed respectively, and 50 parts 35 DEG C of softening point of coal tar asphalt is starched with above-mentioned nano-silicon
Material mixing is fitted into reaction kettle;
(4) mixture is heated to 60 DEG C, stirs 3 hours, reacting kettle inner pressure is then down to -0.1Mpa again, and keep 5
Hour, then reacting kettle inner pressure is restored to normal pressure state;And handled 4 hours with 620 DEG C, coking under nitrogen protection, it obtains
To solid block pitch coke;
(5) by solid block pitch coke with 1100 DEG C charing process 4 hours, natural cooling;
(6) low-temperature carbonization treated crushing material is classified again, takes the material of D50=8.7 μm of average partial size to get arriving
Lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material.Its for the first time discharge capacity be 424.1mAh/g, for the first time discharging efficiency be 86.4%, 300 weeks
Capacity retention ratio is 83.3% after circulation.
Embodiment 5
(1) absorbent charcoal material of aperture=300nm coal measures or petroleum is crushed to D50=3 μm, obtains active powdered carbon
End;
(2) nano silica fume of 50 parts of D50=200nm is weighed, 300 parts of washing oil, 100 parts of carbolineum, 50 parts of anthracene oil,
It sequentially adds into sand mill, obtains nano-silicon slurry within circulation ball milling 15 hours;
(3) 350 parts of active carbon powders are weighed respectively, and 150 parts 35 DEG C of softening point of coal tar asphalt is starched with above-mentioned nano-silicon
Material mixing is fitted into reaction kettle;
(4) mixture is heated to 80 DEG C, stirs 5 hours, reacting kettle inner pressure is then down to -0.09Mpa again, and keep
3 hours, then reacting kettle inner pressure is restored to normal pressure state;And 580 DEG C, the processing of coking in 2 hours are carried out under nitrogen protection,
Obtain solid block pitch coke;
(5) by solid block pitch coke with 1200 DEG C charing process 4 hours, natural cooling;
(6) low-temperature carbonization treated crushing material is classified again, takes the material of D50=8.5 μm of average partial size to get arriving
Lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material.Its for the first time discharge capacity be 772.5mAh/g, for the first time discharging efficiency be 85.5%, 300 weeks
Capacity retention ratio is 80.1% after circulation.
Embodiment 6
(1) absorbent charcoal material of aperture=300nm coal measures or petroleum is crushed to D50=3 μm, obtains active powdered carbon
End;
(2) weigh the nano oxidized sub- silicon powder of 50 parts of D50=200nm, 400 parts of washing oil, 50 parts of anthracene oil, successively plus
Enter into sand mill, obtains nano-silicon slurry within circulation ball milling 15 hours;
(3) 350 parts of active carbon powders are weighed respectively, and 150 parts 35 DEG C of softening point of coal tar asphalt is starched with above-mentioned nano-silicon
Material mixing is fitted into reaction kettle;
(4) mixture is heated to 50 DEG C, stirs 1 hour, reacting kettle inner pressure is then down to -0.07Mpa again, and keep
3 hours, then reacting kettle inner pressure is restored to normal pressure state;And handled 5 hours with 600 DEG C of coking under nitrogen protection, it obtains
To solid block pitch coke;
(5) by solid block pitch coke with 1100 DEG C charing process 4 hours, natural cooling;
(6) low-temperature carbonization treated crushing material is classified again, takes D50=8.3 μm of average partial size to get to lithium ion
Battery silicon-carbon cathode material.Discharge capacity is 474.6mAh/g for the first time for it, and discharging efficiency is 86.9% for the first time, after 300 weeks circulations
Capacity retention ratio is 82.6%.
Embodiment 7
(1) absorbent charcoal material of aperture=300nm coal measures or petroleum is crushed to D50=3 μm, obtains active powdered carbon
End;
(2) nano silica fume of 25 parts of D50=200nm is weighed, the nano oxidized sub- silicon powder of 50 parts of D50=200nm, 600 parts
Washing oil, 75 parts of carbolineum sequentially adds into sand mill, circulation ball milling 15 hours nano-silicon slurry;
(3) 200 parts of active carbon powders are weighed respectively, and 50 parts 35 DEG C of softening point of coal tar asphalt is starched with above-mentioned nano-silicon
Material mixing is fitted into reaction kettle;
(4) mixture is heated to 80 DEG C, stirs 3 hours, reacting kettle inner pressure is then down to -0.1Mpa again, and keep 3
Hour, then reacting kettle inner pressure is restored to normal pressure state;And 650 DEG C, the processing of coking in 5 hours are carried out under nitrogen protection,
Obtain solid block pitch coke;
(5) by solid block pitch coke with 1150 DEG C charing process 3 hours, natural cooling;
(6) low-temperature carbonization treated crushing material is classified again, takes D50=8.6 μm of average partial size to get to a kind of lithium
Ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material.Discharge capacity is 894.1mAh/g for the first time for it, and discharging efficiency is 84.5% for the first time, is followed within 300 weeks
Capacity retention ratio is 80.1% after ring.
Embodiment 8
(1) absorbent charcoal material of aperture=300nm coal measures or petroleum is crushed to D50=3 μm, obtains active powdered carbon
End;
(2) the nano oxidized sub- silicon powder of 75 parts of D50=200nm is weighed, 675 parts of washing oil is sequentially added into sand mill,
Obtain nano-silicon slurry within circulation ball milling 15 hours;
(3) 200 parts of active carbon powders are weighed respectively, and 50 parts 35 DEG C of softening point of coal tar asphalt is starched with above-mentioned nano-silicon
Material mixing is fitted into reaction kettle;
(4) 80 DEG C are heated to, stirs 3 hours, reacting kettle inner pressure is then down to -0.1Mpa again, and kept for 3 hours,
Then reacting kettle inner pressure is restored to normal pressure state;And 600 DEG C, the processing of coking in 5 hours are carried out under nitrogen protection, it obtains;
(5) by solid block pitch coke with 1200 DEG C charing process 6 hours, natural cooling after heat preservation;
(6) low-temperature carbonization treated crushing material is classified again, takes D50=8.5 μm of average partial size to get to lithium ion
Battery silicon-carbon cathode material.Discharge capacity is 735.3mAh/g for the first time for it, and discharging efficiency is 85.5% for the first time, after 300 weeks circulations
Capacity retention ratio is 81.8%.
Silicon-carbon cathode material obtained by the present invention is tested using following methods:
Partial size D50 measurement: it takes a small amount of sample to be added in beaker, adds 1-2 drop surfactant, a small amount of distilled water is added
It stirs evenly, ultrasonic oscillation 3 minutes, is tested with Britain's Malvern MS2000 laser particle analyzer.Reach and corresponds to 50% volume
Part partial size is D50 partial size.
Electric performance test uses its half-cell test method of half-cell test method are as follows: production CR2430 type button cell,
It is to electrode with lithium piece, electrolyte is 1M LiPF6+EC: EMC: DMC=1: 1: 1 (volume ratio), and diaphragm is
Tri- layers of microporous compound film of Celgard2300PP/PE/PP, cathode: SP: CMC: SBR matches synthesis material in 95: 2: 1.5: 1.5 ratios
Slurry, is then applied on copper-foil conducting electricity, 120 DEG C of dry 2h, using roller press, the roll-forming under the pressure of 10MPa.Will just,
After negative electrode plate, diaphragm and electrolyte assembling, punching press sealing.All assembling process full of argon gas dry glove box in into
Row.
Electrochemical property test carries out on U.S. ArbinBT2000 type cell tester, and charge and discharge system: 1, constant current is put
Electric 0.6mA, 0.01V;2,10min is stood;3, constant-current charge 0.6mA, 2.000V.Measure the initial of the lithium ion secondary battery
Capacity and coulombic efficiency carry out charge/discharge in the lithium ion secondary battery and test 300 circulations by repeating aforesaid operations.
Comparative example 1
(1) prepare aperture=300nm, D50=3 μm of active carbon powder;
(2) 200 parts of active carbon powders are weighed respectively, and 50 parts 35 DEG C of softening point of coal tar asphalt is mixed with 750 parts of washing oil
It is fitted into reaction kettle;
(3) mixture is heated to 80 DEG C, stirs 5 hours, reacting kettle inner pressure is then down to -0.05Mpa again, and keep
3 hours, then reacting kettle inner pressure is restored to normal pressure state, and handled 4 hours with 630 DEG C of coking under nitrogen protection, obtained
To solid block pitch coke;
(4) by solid block pitch coke with 1100 DEG C charing process 4 hours, natural cooling after heat preservation;
(5) low-temperature carbonization treated crushing material is classified again, takes the material of D50=8.4 μm of average partial size to get arriving
Negative electrode material, discharge capacity is 244.1mAh/g for the first time, and discharging efficiency is 88.5% for the first time, and capacity is kept after 300 weeks circulations
Rate is 84.1%.
Comparative example 2
(1) prepare D50=3 μm of artificial graphite powder;
(2) 200 parts of artificial graphite powder are weighed respectively, 50 parts 35 DEG C of softening point of coal tar asphalt, 750 parts of washing oil,
Mixing is fitted into reaction kettle;
(3) mixture is heated to 70 DEG C, stirs 3 hours, reacting kettle inner pressure is then down to -0.1Mpa again, and keep 3
Hour, then reacting kettle inner pressure is restored to normal pressure state;And 600 DEG C, the processing of coking in 2 hours are carried out under nitrogen protection,
Obtain solid block pitch coke;
(4) by solid block pitch coke with 1250 DEG C charing process 2 hours, natural cooling after heat preservation;
(5) low-temperature carbonization treated crushing material is classified again, takes D50=8.7 μm of average partial size to get to cathode material
Material, discharge capacity is 354.5mAh/g for the first time, and discharging efficiency is 92.5% for the first time, and capacity retention ratio is after 300 weeks circulations
87.2%.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
(1), absorbent charcoal material comminution pretreatment: coal measures or petroleum, aperture are crushed for the absorbent charcoal material of 50~500nm
To 1~50 μm of active carbon powder;
(2), it prepares nano-silicon slurry: the silicon-containing nano material that partial size is 100-500nm being dispersed in solvent, solid is prepared into
Content is the nano-silicon slurry of 2~10wt%;
The silicon-containing nano material is or mixtures thereof one of nano-silicon, the sub- silicon of oxidation;
The solvent is or mixtures thereof washing oil in coal tar oil component, carbolineum, one of anthracene oil;
(3), mix: active carbon powder mixed with nano-silicon slurry, coal tar soft asphalt, in mixture nano pulp account for 50~
75wt%, active carbon powder account for 20~35wt%, and coal tar soft asphalt accounts for 5~15wt%;
(4), coking handle: mixture be heated in a kettle 50~100 DEG C and stir 1~5 hour, then pressure be down to-
0.05~-0.10Mpa carries out reduced pressure treatment, and is kept for 1~5 hour;Then restore to normal pressure state, it is heated to 500~
650 DEG C of progress coking are handled 1~5 hour;
(5), low-temperature carbonization is handled: carbonizing matter being handled 2~8 hours with 1050~1250 DEG C of progress low-temperature carbonizations, to remove heat
Solve light component;
(6), crushing and classification: carrying out crushing and classification for low-temperature carbonization treated material, takes 5~30 μm of product negative as silicon-carbon
Pole material.
2. a kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Absorbent charcoal material is crushed to 3~5 μm in absorbent charcoal material comminution pretreatment.
3. a kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the work
Property Carbon Materials aperture be 200~400nm.
4. a kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Nano silicon material partial size=100-200nm.
5. a kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Coal tar soft asphalt uses softening point for 30~50 DEG C of coal tar asphalt.
6. a kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Coal tar soft asphalt uses softening point for 35 DEG C of coal tar asphalt.
7. a kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
The carbonization temperature of low-temperature carbonization processing is 1100 DEG C, and carbonization time is 4 hours.
8. a kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Crushing and classification is to be crushed to partial size=5~10 μm.
9. silicon-carbon cathode material obtained by preparation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.
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CN114039038A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-02-11 | 安徽科达新材料有限公司 | Preparation method of coated modified silicon monoxide long-cycle negative electrode |
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CN106229479A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2016-12-14 | 深圳市贝特瑞新能源材料股份有限公司 | A kind of lithium ion battery activated carbon composite negative pole material, preparation method and lithium ion battery |
CN107316982A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2017-11-03 | 上海杉杉科技有限公司 | A kind of lithium rechargeable battery silicon-carbon cathode material and preparation method thereof |
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CN107316982A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2017-11-03 | 上海杉杉科技有限公司 | A kind of lithium rechargeable battery silicon-carbon cathode material and preparation method thereof |
CN106229479A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2016-12-14 | 深圳市贝特瑞新能源材料股份有限公司 | A kind of lithium ion battery activated carbon composite negative pole material, preparation method and lithium ion battery |
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