CN109919967A - Liquid-pool surface bubble breaking information acquisition method based on high-speed photography - Google Patents
Liquid-pool surface bubble breaking information acquisition method based on high-speed photography Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention proposes a kind of liquid-pool surface bubble breaking information acquisition method based on high-speed photography, belong to liquid phase blibbing and is crushed studying technological domain, including bubble Image Acquisition and bubble breaking image procossing two parts, the bubble breaking image processing section includes bubble breaking image divided stages and different phase bubble breaking image information acquisition two parts again.By using the high-speed photography of non-intrusion type, bubble breaking process is acquired；And by the automatical and efficient key message reliably got during bubble breaking of motivated picture system processing method, such as liquid level bubble size, bubble breaking initial point position, bubble breaking liquid film curling rate, bubble breaking generate drop number, bubble breaking generates drop size.The degree of automation of key message and acquisition rate, finally realize the promotion of efficiency under the premise of ensuring accuracy when bubble breaking can be substantially improved by this method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to liquid phase blibbings to be crushed studying technological domain, and in particular to a kind of liquid pool based on high-speed photography
Blibbing is crushed information acquisition method.
Background technique
After major accident, under the action of natural subsidence or engineering safety facility, the aerosol in containment is eventually stagnant
It stays in liquid pool.However since decay heat effect or pressure reduction will cause and form bubble in liquid pool environment, bubble is in liquid phase master
It generates, float in body, and finally occur at free surface broken.The phenomenon directly results in the liquid in liquid pool with the shape of drop
Formula enters gas-phase space, and similar drop entrainment phenomenon may also appear in the washing pool of containment filtration exhaust system after accident
In.And when containing radioaerosol in the drop that bubble breaking generates, the release of radioaerosol will be directly contributed, mesh
The preceding drop entrainment mechanism generated for bubble breaking and characteristic are still unclear, are crushed correlation properties for Single bubble at liquid level
Research still lacks test data support.Wherein bubble breaking generates droplet distribution, key messages such as liquid film curling rate and unknown
Really, so there is still a need for obtain mass efficient test data to provide data supporting for correlative study.And corresponding bubble breaking key
Architectonical, rely on are not acquired manually the acquisition methods of information more.
Intrusive acquisition research method and non-intrusion type research side are mainly passed through to the correlative study of bubble breaking characteristic at present
Method, wherein the drop that the main path of intrusive method generates when being first by bubble breaking carries out physics acquisition, then to adopting
The drop for collecting captured carries out key message extraction.When carrying out drop acquisition, mainly has and magnesium oxide plate is hit by drop
Form pit, dyeing drop hits the rice paper method that leaves mark, after acquisition respectively to the rice paper of pit, mark in magnesium plate into
Row scanning obtains the trace that drop leaves on collection medium, is then carried out speculating acquisition drop size by mark image.It is external
The drop liquid level that blows off is acquired in THAI testing stand using blower by researcher, and drop is then sent to dedicated granularity
Identification measurement is carried out in instrument.The advantages of the above method, is that intuitive drop size can be obtained by collected drop
The shortcomings that being distributed, and being corresponding to it is then that drop missing and distortion situation are likely to result in the collection process of drop, is adopted
There may be mutually collision between drop during collection and divide again, drop collected and bubble breaking is caused to generate
Droplet morphology generates difference, and is directly scanned to the collected drop of institute and identification process can then introduce second order error,
Causing drop relevant information to be extracted, error is excessive to be inaccurate.In addition intrusive acquisition method focuses mainly on liquid after bubble breaking
The distribution situation of drop can not obtain bubble breaking process, and droplet distribution connection can not be constructed from mechanistic point.
The main path of non-intrusion type acquisition method is then optically right in the case where not introducing external interference
Bubble breaking process directly carries out image information acquisition.Its concrete form mainly favorably with optics array probe equipment (OAP) into
The measurement of row drop directly shoots bubble breaking process with using high-speed photography.When wherein using optical array probe, visited in equipment
The arrangement mode of needle is confined its measured zone, therefore is only used for entrained drip of the liquid level uniformly in the case of more bubbles and surveys
Amount, finally obtains the drop statistic under a certain throughput.Bubble breaking process is shot then using high-speed photographing method
The complete shattering process of Single bubble can be obtained, and the shattering process of Single bubble is not impacted in Test Data Collecting.Cause
This is using the high-speed photographing method main stream approach for carrying out research and being increasingly becoming the research broken to Single bubble.But using taking the photograph at a high speed
When shadow obtains bubble breaking procedural image, since there are surface tension for liquid level, it will form at liquid-pool surface and wall surface
Concave liquid film structure, in level shooting, concave structure then will form and block in shooting form at wall surface, lead to ullage
Bubble breaking information can not be acquired completely, and if using inclination angle high angle shot obtain bubble shape there are images to deform
Problem, and since water tank and liquid level contact position are difficult to focus in visual image, then it is presented as that virtualization is fuzzy in the picture
Black region, to influence image definition.And lack at present for the bubble breaking mistake obtained from high-speed photography shooting
The post-processing approach and step that effective key message is extracted in journey video image cause to still rely on artificial hand when data are extracted
It is dynamic to obtain.And bubble breaking key message is primarily upon the shattering process after liquid level bubble formation.Therefore it needs to bubble breaking
Video carries out image procossing and obtains its key message, and still lacks systems approach at present.To solve above-mentioned deficiency, one kind is invented
Liquid-pool surface bubble breaking process key information acquisition method based on high-speed photography.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of promotion shooting quality, process flow systematization, key message extraction are more complete
The liquid-pool surface bubble breaking information acquisition method based on high-speed photography of face efficiently and accurately is mainly used for solving liquid-pool surface gas
Bubble shooting obtains the drop key message generated in fogging image and shattering process and obtains difficult, information extraction inaccuracy
And the problems such as low efficiency, and liquid phase blibbing breakage properties related keyword information is obtained automatically according to bubble breaking process
It takes, such as the broken generation drop number of bubble breaking initial point position, air bubble liquid-membrane curling rate, Single bubble and corresponding drop
Size distribution etc..
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
The invention proposes a kind of liquid-pool surface bubble breaking information acquisition method based on high-speed photography, including bubble diagram
As acquisition and bubble breaking image procossing two parts, the bubble breaking image processing section includes bubble breaking image rank again
Section divides and different phase bubble breaking image information acquisition two parts；Wherein, bubble breaking image includes three phases, respectively
For bubble stabilization sub stage first stage, second stage liquid film ring crimps the expansion stage and phase III liquid film ring break up drops generate
Stage.
Specifically, the bubble image collecting part is mainly realized by following steps:
(1) bubble breaking scene is moved into tank top inside visual water tank by way of surface overflow,
Using liquid phase surface tension, script concave meniscus is become into meniscus；
(2) liquid level is increased, guarantees that bubble is not blocked shadow by liquid level boundary contact position on liquid level direction
It rings；
(3) it in the partially complete visualization cabinet for being included in sealing of spill box, will guarantee that bubble is crushed not at liquid level
It is influenced by extraneous factor and does not influence high-speed photography shooting；
(4) bubble is completely presented in high-speed photography shooting form, it is broken to carry out horizontal liquid level bubble using high-speed photography
Broken shooting.
Specifically, the complete procedure of the bubble breaking mainly includes bubble formation, bubble floating, bubble liquid hat
At, there is broken starting point, broken starting point curls into that liquid film ring, liquid film ring are broken to issue jet stream and final jet breakup shape
At drop；Bubble breaking image is cut out by bubble breaking image processing section first, removes liquid level Bubble Formation Process figure
Picture, retaining the image under liquid level bubble stable case is first frame, and image when bubble is completely broken is last frame, later will
The image reduced carries out divided stages.
Further, the bubble breaking image carries out divided stages by the image difference during bubble breaking,
Enter the first stage when liquid level bubble stable case, the image former frame of hole notch occurs as the first rank using bubble inside
The end of section；Enter second stage when hole notch occur in bubble contour images, the image former frame being crushed with bubble profile
End as second stage；Enter the phase III when bubble profile is broken, liquid film ring, which occurs to be crushed, forms jet stream, finally penetrates
Stream breaks to form multiple drops.
Specifically, the bubble breaking image is different in the information that different phase obtains, first stage bubble stablizes rank
Liquid level bubble size information is obtained in section, second stage liquid film ring, which crimps, obtains bubble breaking initial stage feature in the expansion stage
Information, identification is by the broken more drops generated of Single bubble in phase III liquid film ring break up drops generation phase, and is generated
The number and dimension information of drop.
Further, the bubble information that bubble stabilization sub stage first stage obtains is bubble diameter and bubble roof
Height away from liquid level, main to be realized by following steps:
(1) the first frame image under liquid level bubble stable case is extracted, image procossing is carried out and obtains bubble contour images；
(2) the profile coordinate data in bubble contour images is extracted；
(3) according to profile coordinate fitting ellipsoid equation a2(x2+y2)+b2z2=(ab)2(z>0)；
(4) height a and liquid level bubble radius b of the liquid level bubble roof away from liquid level are obtained according to the ellipsoid equation of bubble.
Further, the position that the second stage liquid film ring curling expansion stage occurs according to hole on bubble is different
It is divided into two classes, the first kind is that hole appears on bubble image outer profile, and notch, bubble profile occurs on profile in bubble image
Upper notch is expanded with arc form；Second class is that hole appears in bubble image contoured interior, in bubble breaking process sequential chart
Ever-expanding dynamic concentric circles or approximate concentric circles are presented as in.
Further, the bubble information that the second stage liquid film ring curling expansion stage obtains is bubble breaking starting
Liquid film curling rate when point position and bubble breaking；When the liquid film ring curling expansion stage is the first kind, mainly pass through following step
It is rapid to obtain bubble information:
(1) inverted order second stage bubble breaking image；
(2) broken initial point position (x is determined by diminution arc profile0,z0), and record start points out current moment picture sequence
Number；
(3) positive sequence bubble breaking process, i-th image carries out image procossing after occurring to bubble breaking starting point, obtains
Bubble contour edge notch coordinate (xi,zi)；
(4) from starting point coordinate (x0,z0) to any time coordinate (xi,zi) elliptic equation integral is carried out, obtain liquid film volume
Qu Lucheng S；
(5) distance S time t more bent than upper liquid film roll is crimped with liquid film, obtains final liquid film curling rate.
Further, when the second stage liquid film ring curling expansion stage is the second class, mainly pass through following steps
Obtain bubble information:
(1) inverted order second stage bubble breaking image；
(2) broken initial point position (x is determined by reducing concentric circle contour0,z0), two-dimensional coordinate is brought into ellipsoid equation
Obtain broken starting point three-dimensional coordinate Q (x0,y0,z0)；
(3) positive sequence bubble breaking process, i-th image carries out image procossing after occurring to bubble breaking starting point, obtains
Concentric circle coordinates (the x of bubble contoured interiori,zi), and two-dimensional coordinate is brought into ellipsoid equation and obtains the moment liquid film crimped position
Three-dimensional coordinate Qi(xi,yi,zi)；
(4) from starting point coordinate (x0,y0,z0) to any time coordinate (xi,yi,zi) carry out shortest distance product on ellipsoid
Point, obtain liquid film curling distance S；
(5) distance S time t more bent than upper liquid film roll is crimped with liquid film, obtains final liquid film curling rate.
Further, the bubble information that the phase III liquid film ring break up drops generation phase obtains is bubble breaking
Drop number and single drop size are generated, main to be realized by following steps:
(1) bubble breaking phase III consecutive image is read；
(2) region capture, acquisition moving region light stream figure are carried out to drop is moved in adjacent image using optical flow method；Its
In, the light stream is the system that the scene of object is formed on the retina of human eye when the eyes of people observe moving object
The image of column consecutive variations；
(3) corresponding region image in original image is intercepted by motion region coordinates in light stream figure；
(4) image procossing is carried out to the original image region of interception and obtains drop simply connected region picture；
(5) counting statistics are carried out to drop simply connected region picture and obtains each single drop area size.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the invention proposes a kind of, and the liquid-pool surface bubble breaking based on high-speed photography is believed
Acquisition methods are ceased, by using the mode that characteristic sub-area and classification are extracted, key message in bubble breaking overall process is realized and mentions
Systematization, generalization and the automation taken；According to during bubble breaking characteristic phenomenon and contained key message, propose subregion
Bubble breaking process is divided into stabilization sub stage, liquid film curling stage and drop formation stage three parts by scheme and discrimination standard, real
The partitioning processing of image in bubble breaking overall process is showed；Independent process is carried out to the bubble image after subregion, is obtained each
The key message that a stage is included；It realizes single drop in more liquid drop movement regions using optical flow method to capture, and can be to list
Drop region carries out division cutting, is conducive to carry out at fining the geometry and size of drop single in droplet cluster
Reason；The automatic acquisition for realizing the key messages such as bubble breaking starting point, liquid film curling rate, liquid-drop diameter, improves data
The efficiency of processing.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the overall flow figure of the liquid-pool surface bubble breaking information acquisition method based on high-speed photography in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is each divided stages flow diagram of bubble breaking procedural image in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is bubble size data acquisition step flow diagram in the bubble breaking first stage in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is bubble breaking second stage bubble breaking starting point and liquid film curling rate obtaining step process in the present invention
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is the flow diagram that phase III liquid film ring break up drops generation phase obtains bubble information in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described further with reference to the accompanying drawing.
In conjunction with Fig. 1, the invention proposes a kind of liquid-pool surface bubble breaking information acquisition method based on high-speed photography, packet
Bubble Image Acquisition and bubble breaking image procossing two parts are included, the bubble breaking image processing section is again broken including bubble
Broken image divided stages and different phase bubble breaking image information acquisition two parts.
In bubble breaking process key information bubble breaking initial point position be defined as bubble breaking occur the initial period from
The small holes position occurred on liquid film liquid cap, air bubble liquid-membrane curling rate are then liquid level bubble liquid film after there is small hole
The speed of curling movements occurs under the action of liquid film surface tension and liquid film viscous force, Single bubble is broken to generate drop number
And it corresponds to when droplets size distribution is then crushed for single isolated bubbles since bubble breaking liquid film tears the number for the entrained drip to be formed
Mesh and corresponding drop size.
To reach the above target, the technical solution of the invention is achieved in that
A kind of liquid-pool surface bubble breaking process key information acquisition method based on high-speed photography is broadly divided into two parts,
A part is bubble image-pickup method, and another part is then bubble breaking image processing system method.
Lead to fogging image situation for liquid level encountered in bubble breaking image acquisition process and wall surface contact position
It is solved by pool surface overflow type.Bubble breaking scene is moved into tank top inside visual water tank,
I.e. by way of surface overflow, using liquid phase surface tension, script concave meniscus is become into meniscus, bubble is completely presented at this time
High-speed photography shooting form in, carry out the shooting of horizontal liquid level bubble breaking, while by spill box it is partially complete be included in it is close
In the visualization cabinet of envelope, then can guarantee that bubble is crushed at liquid level simultaneously is not influenced and is not influenced to take the photograph at a high speed by extraneous factor
Shadow shooting.
Drop entrainment its complete procedure of phenomenon that bubble breaking generates includes bubble formation, bubble floating, bubble in order
The formation of liquid cap, the broken starting point of appearance, broken starting point curls into liquid film ring until liquid film ring is crushed sending jet stream, finally penetrates
Stream breaks to form drop.After acquiring clearly bubble breaking complete image by high-speed photography shooting, this method pair is utilized
Bubble breaking consecutive image is handled.Bubble image processing section is divided into two steps and completed by this method.The first step first
The complete consecutive image of bubble breaking is divided to obtain the bubble breaking image of different phase；Then second step is then to each
Stage bubble image is individually handled, and included bubble breaking key message is obtained in different phase.
Divided stages: according to bubble breaking process different characteristic and comprising the different broken information of bubble by bubble breaking
Process divides three phases, respectively first stage bubble stabilization sub stage into, and second stage is crushed starting point and the curling of liquid film ring occurs
In the expansion stage, phase III liquid film ring is broken to generate the drop stage.Handle certainly by image difference during bubble breaking
It is dynamic to divide.This method, which is mainly reflected in, realizes each divided stages and bubble image processing process in each stage.Wherein the first rank
Section the bubble stabilization sub stage and second stage liquid film curling the stage division, mainly by enter second stage when bubble contour images
In hole notch will occur, in this, as judgment basis, occur the image former frame of hole notch inside bubble as bubble
The end of broken first stage.Occur small hole in second stage, on air bubble liquid-membrane, hole nearby liquid film surface tension with
Concentric circles pendular ring is curled under the action of viscous force, liquid film ring constantly accumulates simultaneously along bubble profile tangential direction in gas
Approximate circular motion is done under bubble contour curvature, until the centripetal force that liquid film provides is not enough to that liquid film ring is maintained to continue to do circumference fortune
Dynamic, then bubble breaking process enters that phase III i.e. liquid film ring is broken to generate the drop stage, and using bubble profile it is broken as
The judgment basis of bubble breaking second stage and phase III.Liquid film ring, which occurs to be crushed, in the phase III forms jet stream, finally
Jet breakup forms multiple drops.
Different phase obtains key message needed for different bubble breakings are studied respectively in corresponding video image, in the first stage
Liquid level bubble size information is got in the bubble stabilization sub stage, if bubble diameter, bubble roof are away from liquid level.And then in gas
Bubble breaking initial stage key message is got in bubble shattering process second stage, such as broken starting point is located on bubble liquid cap
Position, liquid film curling rate during bubble breaking.To the last a stage, that is, bubble breaking is completed to generate the drop stage,
It is identified in this stage by the broken more drops generated of Single bubble, and obtains the key messages such as the number for generating drop and size.
It is divided according to the different feature of different phase bubble, is not then existed together to the bubble breaking image of different phase automatically
Reason obtains the information for each stage being included.
Embodiment 1
Bubble breaking procedural image acquisition modes mainly pass through following operation and complete.It is real by entirety overflow at liquid level first
Existing liquid level forms convex structure, and bubble is not blocked by liquid level boundary contact position and influenced on liquid level direction, sharp at this time
Horizontal shooting is carried out with high-speed photography, then can obtain and more be crushed relevant information in blibbing shattering process.
Bubble breaking image processing process is then entered after acquiring bubble breaking procedural image information.Bubble is broken first
Broken image is cut out, and removes liquid level Bubble Formation Process image, and retaining image under liquid level bubble stable case is video image
First frame, image when bubble breaking is completed are last frame.Video is imported in image processing software, video image is carried out
Processing.
Bubble profile and air bubble liquid-membrane part have no significant change in the bubble stabilization sub stage, therefore its semielliptical spherical surface has no
Change, i.e., equation model is carried out to bubble profile in stabilization sub stage every frame picture, acquired results, which have no, to be substantially change.When bubble is opened
When beginning broken, hole will occur in bubble liquid cap liquid film part, and the embodiment on bubble breaking consecutive image is then mainly bubble diagram
As contour edge notch occurs or hole occurs in bubble image contoured interior, propose that each frame picture carries out by video time sequence
Processing judges that bubble breaking process enters second stage record picture sequence numbers n at this time according to the variation in bubble image.Second
In stage, curling occurs for air bubble liquid-membrane but its draw off rate is very fast, so that bubble outer profile is whole and unknown in its curly course
Aobvious to collapse, outer profile still has higher degree of conformity with semielliptical spherical equation in the bubble breaking first stage.And when liquid film is rolled up
There are two kinds of situations at the end of song, one of situation: because liquid film occur tearing cause bubble contour images no longer it is complete this
When bubble image profile and border be no longer complies with initial ellipsoid spherical equation；Another situation is then liquid film because stress changes
Become, liquid film collapses, and bubble liquid cap profile is no longer complies with initial ellipsoid spherical equation.Therefore when bubble outer profile with initially it is ellipse
Ball spherical equation can conclude that the liquid film curling stage terminates with this when there is relatively large deviation, entering the drop formation stage records this
When picture sequence numbers m.So far the division of bubble breaking process three phases is completed.
Bubble breaking acquisition of information and bubble breaking divided stages specific steps according to following step as shown in Fig. 2, complete
The acquisition of bubble breaking video image and divided stages during bubble breaking.
(1) start
(2) horizontal shooting is carried out to bubble breaking process at overflow surface using high-speed photography, and to stablize liquid level bubble
For video first frame, bubble breaking is completed to be that last frame stores video；
(3) bubble stabilization sub stage first frame picture in video image is extracted, processing is carried out to bubble profile and obtains bubble ruler
Very little data；
(4) it is successively read picture in video by video time sequence, processing is carried out to bubble picture and obtains bubble profile；
(5) bubble contoured interior region is scanned, the bubble breaking mistake when hole variation occurs in bubble contoured interior
Journey enters second stage, records picture sequence numbers n at this time, returns to step 4 if bubble contoured interior does not change；
(6) continue to obtain picture in video in order, carry out image procossing and obtain bubble profile；
(7) bubble profile is judged, when bubble profile changes with initial profile, bubble breaking process enters
Phase III records picture sequence numbers m at this time, if bubble profile does not change return step 6；
(8) video n-th frame is read to m frame picture, and image procossing is carried out to picture in the section and obtains bubble breaking starting
Point position and air bubble liquid-membrane curling rate；
(9) the process picture of bubble breaking phase III is successively read from video m+1 frame picture；
(10) bubble breaking is obtained from bubble breaking phase III procedural image generate drop information；
(11) terminate.
Above-mentioned process, the variation mainly occurred in shattering process according to liquid phase blibbing carry out rank to bubble breaking
Section divides, while carrying out summation to bubble breaking each stage included key message.Below to bubble breaking process in each stage
Included key message acquisition modes describe in detail.
During the bubble breaking first stage, bubble is in liquid phase table out of plane stability.It extracts video first frame image and carries out figure
As processing, since ullage bubble shape is mainly the hemispherical and semi-ellipsoidal shape with symmetry, to bubble diagram at this time
As profile progress semielliptical pattern fits, meet the semielliptical spherical surface of bubble liquid cap profile as z=0 building using at horizontal liquid level
Equation a2(x2+y2)+b2z2=(ab)2(z > 0), wherein be fitted obtained coefficient a, b respectively represent at liquid level bubble center away from
Bubble center is away from liquid cap horizontal edge distance at liquid cap overhead height and liquid level.Directly by a, b gain of parameter bubble size data.
Its image procossing and data acquisition step are as shown in Figure 3:
(1) video head picture is extracted, image procossing is carried out and obtains bubble contour images；
(2) the profile coordinate data in bubble contour images is extracted；
(3) according to profile coordinate fitting ellipsoid equation a2(x2+y2)+b2z2=(ab)2(z>0)；
(4) storage liquid level bubble height a and liquid level bubble radius b.
According to above-mentioned steps, bubble height and bubble radius relevant information are acquired in the bubble breaking first stage.
Bubble breaking initial point position and when bubble breaking liquid film curling rate then mainly in bubble breaking second stage
It embodies.Wherein bubble breaking initial point position mainly obtains in the following manner.First according to starting point broken in bubble image
The position distribution that i.e. small hole occurs can be divided into two classes, the first kind in total, and hole appears on bubble image outer profile, the
Two classes, hole appear in bubble image contoured interior；When the first kind, which is crushed starting point, to be occurred, bubble image outline will will appear
Notch, if indentation, there coordinate is Q (x0,y0,z0), notch is expanded with arc form on bubble profile, is inverted in chronological order at this time
This stage picture, circular arc constantly reduce, and the position finally narrowed down to is then broken initial point position, determine position and obtain image
In the point x coordinate value and z coordinate value (x0,z0) and bring ellipsoid equation into and obtain starting point Q (x0,y0,z0) three-dimensional coordinate, it should
Coordinate then directly indicates bubble breaking initial point position.When the second class starting point occurs, due to liquid film surface tension effects,
Ever-expanding dynamic concentric circles or approximate concentric circles will be presented as in bubble breaking process consecutive image, in pendular ring expansion process
Other parts do not change but in image in addition to internal annulus, thus by before and after frames compare in obtain bubble contoured interior variation
Concentric circles, Inverted Image at any time playing sequence Circle in Digital Images ring at deflated state, and according to concentric circles reduce trend carry out
Determine the coordinate (x of center location in the picture0,z0), then by x-axis coordinate value x0With z-axis coordinate value z0Bring ellipsoid equation into
Obtain three-dimensional coordinate Q (x0,y0,z0) and in this, as bubble breaking initial point position.
And bubble breaking liquid film curling rate then obtains in bubble breaking second stage simultaneously.It is pointed out according to broken starting
Existing position difference is divided, and bubble profile variations are that outer profile notch expands when first kind starting point, obtains every frame figure at this time
Gap edge coordinate (x as ini,zi), at this time by starting point coordinate (x0,z0) and (xi,zi) coordinate is brought into two-dimensional elliptic side
Journey, directly on ellipse distance between two points integral obtain liquid film curling distance S, then by distance than between upper two frames picture when
Between interval obtain rate.Second class is crushed starting point, after obtaining starting point coordinate Q, obtains in the stage in every frame picture
Coordinate (the x at any point on liquid film ringi,yi), and bring X axis coordinate value and Z axis coordinate value into ellipsoid equation and obtain liquid film curling
The coordinate Q at edgei(xi,yi,zi), by Q and QiCoordinate brings ellipsoid equation into, carries out shortest distance integral on curved surface, obtains liquid film
Any time is crimped by crimping walked distance, can then obtain liquid film volume than the time interval between upper two frames picture by distance
Bent rate.
Image procossing and related data obtaining step are as shown in Figure 4:
(1) it reads from entrance second stage and enters bubble breaking process picture between the phase III；
(2) bubble breaking starting point type judges；
When bubble breaking starting point is first kind bubble breaking starting point, following step:
(3) inverted order stage bubble breaking image；
(4) broken initial point position (x is determined by diminution arc profile0,z0), and record start points out current moment picture sequence
Number；
(5) positive sequence bubble breaking process, i-th image carries out image procossing after occurring to bubble breaking starting point, obtains
Bubble contour edge notch coordinate (xi,zi)；
(6) from starting point coordinate (x0,z0) to any time coordinate (xi,zi) elliptic equation integral is carried out, obtain liquid film volume
Qu Lucheng S；
(7) distance S time t more bent than upper liquid film roll is crimped with liquid film, obtains final liquid film curling rate；
When bubble breaking starting point is the second class bubble breaking starting point, processing step then connects first three step:
(3) inverted order stage bubble breaking image；
(4) broken initial point position (x is determined by reducing concentric circle contour0,z0), two-dimensional coordinate is brought into ellipsoid equation
Obtain broken starting point three-dimensional coordinate Q (x0,y0,z0)；
(5) positive sequence bubble breaking process, i-th image carries out image procossing after occurring to bubble breaking starting point, obtains
Concentric circle coordinates (the x of bubble contoured interiori,zi), and two-dimensional coordinate is brought into ellipsoid equation and obtains the moment liquid film crimped position
Three-dimensional coordinate Qi(xi,yi,zi)；
(6) from starting point coordinate (x0,y0,z0) to any time coordinate (xi,yi,zi) carry out shortest distance product on ellipsoid
Point, obtain liquid film curling distance S；
(7) distance S time t more bent than upper liquid film roll is crimped with liquid film, obtains final liquid film curling rate；
Step obtains key message included in second stage during bubble breaking by the above process.
In bubble breaking phase III, that is, drop formation stage, bubble profile destroys completely in the stage, does not have just
Beginning profile needs to obtain bubble breaking generation drop number and single drop size information at this time.And bubble breaking generation is a large amount of
Drop is difficult in single picture complete clear embodiment, therefore uses in the continuous motion picture of drop formation to fortune in the present invention
Dynamic drop carries out region recognition.Detailed process is to obtain the moving region of drop in picture using optical flow algorithm first.Wherein
Optical flow method is based primarily upon light stream concept i.e. when the eyes of people observe moving object, the scene of object shape on the retina of human eye
At a series of image of consecutive variations, and the information changed constantly " flowing through " retina, because of referred to herein as light stream.Pass through a picture
The movement velocity and the direction of motion of each pixel in every picture are found out building optical flow field by sequence.Due to using high speed
Photograph shooting the every frame image of bubble breaking image between be spaced shorter, therefore be formed by optical flow field and be regarded as liquid in image
The moving region of drop.The region of the drop of bubble breaking generation in the picture is identified by optical flow method.Extract liquid drop movement
The area coordinate of region in the picture.Then region interception is carried out using area coordinate to individual original image, and to the liquid intercepted
It drips moving region and carries out image procossing, because intercepting the picture region of acquisition at this time for liquid drop movement region, in institute's screenshot piece
Liquid particle image must be contained.Clearly binary map containing drop can then be obtained by carrying out normal image processing to droplet area image
Picture.Single Liquid particle image is further processed after obtaining the image for containing only single drop.
Effective information in single drop bianry image is extracted, because pixel value is 0/1 composition in bianry image, wherein scheming
0 represents black as in, and 1 represents white.White portion then represents drop in Liquid particle image.White area shape then represents drop wheel
Wide image.Single drop size data are obtained from Liquid particle image, and the drop identified is counted.And white simply connected area
Domain is then single Liquid particle image, and drop size information can be then obtained from single Liquid particle image.
It is mainly as shown in Figure 5 to bubble breaking key message obtaining step in the stage:
(1) bubble breaking phase III consecutive image is read；
(2) region capture, acquisition moving region light stream figure are carried out to drop is moved in adjacent image using optical flow method；
(3) corresponding region picture in original image is intercepted by motion region coordinates in light stream figure；
(4) image procossing is carried out to the original image region of interception and obtains drop simply connected region picture；
(5) counting statistics are carried out to drop simply connected region picture and obtains each single drop area size；
It, can be to third rank by the capture to the generation liquid drop movement region at each moment in the bubble breaking phase III
Duan Zhong, the multidate information that the broken transmitting of air bubble liquid-membrane generates drop are obtained, and obtain the broken generation drop of final Single bubble
Number and size related information.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of liquid-pool surface bubble breaking information acquisition method based on high-speed photography, it is characterised in that: including bubble image
Acquisition and bubble breaking image procossing two parts, the bubble breaking image processing section includes the bubble breaking image stage again
Division and different phase bubble breaking image information acquisition two parts；Wherein, bubble breaking image includes three phases, respectively
Bubble stabilization sub stage first stage, second stage liquid film ring crimps the expansion stage and phase III liquid film ring break up drops generate rank
Section.
2. the liquid-pool surface bubble breaking information acquisition method according to claim 1 based on high-speed photography, feature exist
In the bubble image collecting part is mainly realized by following steps:
(1) bubble breaking scene is moved into inside visual water tank tank top by way of surface overflow, utilized
Script concave meniscus is become meniscus by liquid phase surface tension；
(2) liquid level is increased, bubble is not blocked by liquid level boundary contact position and influenced on guarantee liquid level direction；
(3) it in the partially complete visualization cabinet for being included in sealing of spill box, will guarantee that bubble is crushed at liquid level not by outer
Boundary's factor influences and does not influence high-speed photography shooting；
(4) bubble is completely presented in high-speed photography shooting form, carries out the bat of horizontal liquid level bubble breaking using high-speed photography
It takes the photograph.
3. the liquid-pool surface bubble breaking information acquisition method according to claim 1 based on high-speed photography, feature exist
In: the complete procedure of the bubble breaking mainly includes bubble formation, bubble floating, bubble liquid cap is formed, appearance is broken
Initial point, broken starting point curl into the broken sending jet stream of liquid film ring, liquid film ring and final jet breakup forms drop；Bubble is broken
Bubble breaking image is cut out by broken image processing section first, removes liquid level Bubble Formation Process image, retains liquid level gas
Steeping the image under stable case is first frame, and image when bubble is completely broken is last frame, the image that will have been reduced later
Carry out divided stages.
4. the liquid-pool surface bubble breaking information acquisition method according to claim 1 based on high-speed photography, feature exist
In: the bubble breaking image passes through the image difference progress divided stages during bubble breaking, when liquid level bubble is stablized
Enter the first stage when situation, the image former frame of hole notch occurs as the end of first stage using bubble inside；Work as gas
Bubble contour images occur entering second stage when hole notch, using the image former frame that bubble profile is crushed as second stage
Terminate；Enter the phase III when bubble profile is broken, liquid film ring, which occurs to be crushed, forms jet stream, and final jet breakup forms multiple
Drop.
5. the liquid-pool surface bubble breaking information acquisition method according to claim 1 based on high-speed photography, feature exist
In: the bubble breaking image is different in the information that different phase obtains, and obtains liquid level in bubble stabilization sub stage first stage
Bubble size information, second stage liquid film ring, which crimps, obtains bubble breaking initial stage characteristic information, third rank in the expansion stage
Identification is by the broken more drops generated of Single bubble in section liquid film ring break up drops generation phase, and obtain generate the number of drop with
Dimension information.
6. the liquid-pool surface bubble breaking information acquisition method according to claim 1 based on high-speed photography, feature exist
In, the bubble information that bubble stabilization sub stage first stage obtains is the height of bubble diameter and bubble roof away from liquid level,
It is main to be realized by following steps:
(1) the first frame image under liquid level bubble stable case is extracted, image procossing is carried out and obtains bubble contour images；
(2) the profile coordinate data in bubble contour images is extracted；
(3) according to profile coordinate fitting ellipsoid equation a2(x2+y2)+b2z2=(ab)2(z>0)；
(4) height a and liquid level bubble radius b of the liquid level bubble roof away from liquid level are obtained according to the ellipsoid equation of bubble.
7. the liquid-pool surface bubble breaking information acquisition method according to claim 1 based on high-speed photography, feature exist
Two classes are divided into according to the position difference that hole on bubble occurs in: described second stage liquid film ring curling expansion stage, first
Class is that hole appears on bubble image outer profile, and notch occurs on profile in bubble image, and notch is on bubble profile with circular arc
Form expands；Second class is that hole appears in bubble image contoured interior, is presented as not in bubble breaking process consecutive image
Break widened dynamic concentric circles or approximate concentric circles.
8. the liquid-pool surface bubble breaking information acquisition method according to claim 1 or claim 7 based on high-speed photography, feature
It is, the bubble information that the second stage liquid film ring curling expansion stage obtains is bubble breaking initial point position and bubble
Liquid film curling rate when broken；It is main to obtain bubble letter by following steps when the liquid film ring curling expansion stage is the first kind
Breath:
(1) inverted order second stage bubble breaking image；
(2) broken initial point position (x is determined by diminution arc profile0,z0), and record start points out current moment picture sequence numbers；
(3) positive sequence bubble breaking process, i-th image carries out image procossing after occurring to bubble breaking starting point, obtains bubble
Contour edge notch coordinate (xi,zi)；
(4) from starting point coordinate (x0,z0) to any time coordinate (xi,zi) elliptic equation integral is carried out, obtain liquid film curling road
Journey S；
(5) distance S time t more bent than upper liquid film roll is crimped with liquid film, obtains final liquid film curling rate.
9. the liquid-pool surface bubble breaking information acquisition method according to claim 1 or claim 7 based on high-speed photography, feature
It is, main to obtain bubble information by following steps when the second stage liquid film ring curling expansion stage is the second class:
(1) inverted order second stage bubble breaking image；
(2) broken initial point position (x is determined by reducing concentric circle contour0,z0), two-dimensional coordinate is brought into ellipsoid equation and is obtained
Broken starting point three-dimensional coordinate Q (x0,y0,z0)；
(3) positive sequence bubble breaking process, i-th image carries out image procossing after occurring to bubble breaking starting point, obtains bubble
Concentric circle coordinates (the x of contoured interiori,zi), and two-dimensional coordinate is brought into ellipsoid equation and obtains moment liquid film crimped position three-dimensional
Coordinate Qi(xi,yi,zi)；
(4) from starting point coordinate (x0,y0,z0) to any time coordinate (xi,yi,zi) shortest distance integral on ellipsoid is carried out, it obtains
Distance S is crimped to liquid film；
(5) distance S time t more bent than upper liquid film roll is crimped with liquid film, obtains final liquid film curling rate.
10. the liquid-pool surface bubble breaking information acquisition method according to claim 1 based on high-speed photography, feature exist
In, the bubble information that the phase III liquid film ring break up drops generation phase obtains be bubble breaking generate drop number with
And single drop size, it is main to be realized by following steps:
(1) bubble breaking phase III consecutive image is read；
(2) region capture, acquisition moving region light stream figure are carried out to drop is moved in adjacent image using optical flow method；Wherein, institute
The light stream stated is when the eyes of people observe moving object, and the scene of object is formed a series of continuous on the retina of human eye
The image of variation；
(3) corresponding region image in original image is intercepted by motion region coordinates in light stream figure；
(4) image procossing is carried out to the original image region of interception and obtains drop simply connected region picture；
(5) counting statistics are carried out to drop simply connected region picture and obtains each single drop area size.
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