CN109919070A - A kind of coastline remote sensing projectional technique of profile morphology auto-adapted fitting - Google Patents
A kind of coastline remote sensing projectional technique of profile morphology auto-adapted fitting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention proposes a kind of coastline remote sensing projectional techniques of profile morphology auto-adapted fitting, comprising the following steps: S1, extracts instantaneous flowage line and artificial water front from littoral zone multidate satellite remote-sensing image；S2, segmentation and discretization flowage line, obtain the discrete point sequence of flowage line of each section；S3, the tidal level assignment for completing each discrete point sequence of section flowage line；S4, judge profile morphological characteristics, determine the type of section；S5, profile morphology fitting is carried out, obtains the form fit equation of the section；S6, section ordinary high water springs point position is calculated using profile morphology fit equation, coastwise move towards direction and be sequentially connected ordinary high water springs point, form ordinary high water springs line；S7, ordinary high water springs line and artificial water front are handled using space topology analyzing method, obtains the coastline of remote sensing reckoning.It is single it is assumed that being compared with the traditional method, with better applicability and higher accuracy that the method for the present invention breaches beach slope.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of coastline remote sensing projectional techniques, belong to ocean remote sensing information technology and applied technical field.
Background technique
Coastline is the line of demarcation of flood and field, the accurate use determined for littoral zone space resources in coastline with
Management is of great significance.Traditional coastlining method has field survey and photogrammetry, although such methods are raw
At coastline precision it is high, but time-consuming and laborious and poor in timeliness is not easy to littoral zone and monitors on a large scale and application.Into
Since 21 century, the appearance and a large amount of uses of multi-source, multiresolution, multi-temporal remote sensing image substantially increase seashore information
Precision, accuracy and the timeliness of extraction, the rapid development of remote sensing technology provide new skill to coastline Monitoring on Dynamic Change
Art means.
There are mainly two types of existing coastline remote sensing recognitions or projectional technique: one is " general climax collimation method ", Li,
W.Y. paper " the Continuous monitoring of coastline dynamics in that, &Gong, P. are delivered
The climax moment is selected in western Florida with a 30-year time series of Landsat imagery "
Remote sensing image, extract its instantaneous flowage line as coastline；Another kind is " mean inclination method ", and Liu Yanxia etc. " is being based on shadow
The modified coastline study on monitoring-of tidal flat landform is by taking the Huanghe delta as an example as between " in a text by extracting Different Plane position
Two flowage lines, assign the tidal level value at video imaging moment respectively, then according to tidal range peace away from acquiring seashore mean inclination,
Reckoning obtains ordinary high water springs moment corresponding seashore line position；In addition, Chen Weitong etc. is in the article " Jiangsu Province based on remote sensing
Assume that the intertidal zone gradient is substantially uniform, passes through the actual measurement tidal level of tidal level control site first in continent water front seashore Spatio-temporal Evolution "
Data carry out tide reconciliation calculating and tidal level prediction, carry out segmentation tidal level interpolation to the instantaneous flowage line of Remotely sensed acquisition, so
Afterwards according to the tidal-level difference type of two flowage lines, the mean inclination of corresponding tidal flat is calculated, calculates ordinary high water springs line.
For existing coastline remote sensing projectional technique, " general climax collimation method ", by image temporal resolution and image at
The influence of image quality amount is often difficult to obtain in the based Interpretation of Remote Sensing Images image of ordinary high water springs moment imaging just；And " average slope
Degree method " is theoretically only applicable to the area that landform is gentle, the gradient is single.According to having investigation it is found that actually Inversion of Tidal Flat
Profile morphology change greatly, by taking Middle Jiangsu Province silt coast as an example, mainly there is concave shape, ramp type, slope+upper convex group
It closes, four kinds of profile morphologies of upper convex, has indicated respectively washing away, stablize, losing silt conversion and siltation state for seashore, relied solely on
Two waterside line computation mean inclinations calculate coastline, cannot show the difference of different profile morphologies, obtained coastline
There is also large errors between practical coastline.Therefore in the region that profile morphology changes greatly, by " mean inclination method "
Calculate that coastline does not have universality.
Summary of the invention
For in current coastline remote sensing projectional technique, general climax collimation method contingency is higher, mean inclination method is inadaptable
The problem of region that profile morphology changes greatly, the invention proposes a kind of coastline remote sensing of profile morphology auto-adapted fitting to push away
Calculation method, by simulation seashore wash away and sedimentation formation feature, when improving the simulation of seashore line position with beach profile form
Stickiness improves the coastline position precision that remote sensing calculates.
In order to solve the above technical problems, present invention employs following technological means:
A kind of coastline remote sensing projectional technique of profile morphology auto-adapted fitting, specifically includes the following steps:
S1, instantaneous flowage line and artificial water front are extracted from littoral zone multidate satellite remote-sensing image；
S2, using cut-off rule cluster, by the segmentation of multidate flowage line, simultaneously discretization, the flowage line for obtaining each section of seashore are discrete
Point sequence；
S3, the tidal level assignment that each discrete point sequence of section flowage line is completed using harmonic analysis of tide method；
S4, it selects 3 discrete points to carry out profile morphological characteristics differentiation on section, determines the type of section；
S5, it selects 5 discrete points to carry out profile morphology fitting on section, obtains the form fit equation of the section；
S6, section ordinary high water springs point position is calculated using profile morphology fit equation, coastwise move towards direction successively
Ordinary high water springs point is connected, ordinary high water springs line is formed；
S7, ordinary high water springs line and artificial water front are handled using space topology analyzing method, obtains the seashore of remote sensing reckoning
Line.
Further, the concrete operations of the step S1 are as follows:
S11, Water-Body Information enhancing and Threshold segmentation are carried out to littoral zone multidate satellite remote-sensing image；
S12, edge detection and grid-vector median filters processing are carried out to S11 treated image, obtain the wink of vector format
When flowage line；
S13, instantaneous flowage line is corrected using the method for remote sensing supervised classification combination visual interpretation, extracts artificial water front.
Further, the concrete operations of the step S2 are as follows:
S21, the segmentation baseline that coast trend is approximately parallel to the drafting of extra large side in multidate flowage line, draw a plurality of
Perpendicular to the cut-off rule of segmentation baseline, cut-off rule cluster is constituted；
S22, using cut-off rule cluster, by the segmentation of multidate flowage line, simultaneously discretization, the flowage line for obtaining each section of seashore are discrete
Point sequence.
Further, the concrete operations of the step S3 are as follows:
S31, it determines tidal control website, calculates each tidal control website in remote sensing image using harmonic analysis of tide method
The tidal level of imaging moment；
S32, the ordinary high water springs tidal level for calculating each control site；
The mean error Δ that S33, Statisti-cal control website tidal level calculate；
S34, by distance weighted, the control site tidal level value linear interpolation that S31 is obtained is discrete to corresponding flowage line
On point, the tidal level assignment of each discrete point sequence of section flowage line is completed.
Further, the concrete operations of the step S4 are as follows:
The discrete point sequence of flowage line on one S41, selection section, selects in sequence near land side, near coastal waters side
Two sides discrete point of two flowage line discrete points as the section, the line of two sides discrete point is halved, selection distance etc.
Intermediate discrete point of the nearest flowage line discrete point of branch as the section；
S42, take the land side endpoint of cut-off rule as origin, the horizontal distance L using discrete point to origin as abscissa, from
The tidal level H of scatterplot establishes rectangular coordinate system, the coordinate of land side discrete point, extra large side discrete point and intermediate discrete point as ordinate
Respectively (L1, H1)、(L2, H2) and (L0, H0)；
S43, linear equation is established:
H=aL+b (1)
Wherein, the mean inclination of a representative profile, b represent the corresponding tidal level value of origin position；
S44, the horizontal distance L by intermediate discrete point to origin0Linear equation H=aL+b is substituted into, intermediate discrete point is obtained
Reference tidal level H*；
The relatively intermediate discrete point of S45, the mean error Δ calculated using control site tidal level refers to tidal level H*With practical tide
Position H0Relationship, judge the type of section:
When | H*-H0When |≤Δ/2, section is gentle, and profile morphology is ramp type；
Work as H*-H0When > Δ/2, section washes away, and profile morphology is concave shape；
Work as H*-H0When <-Δ/2, section, which becomes silted up, to be grown, and profile morphology is upper convex.
Further, the concrete operations of step S5 are as follows:
The discrete point sequence of flowage line on one S51, selection section, selects in sequence near land side, near coastal waters side
Two sides discrete point of two flowage line discrete points as the section, by 4 equal part of line of two sides discrete point, successively select near
3 flowage line discrete points of nearly 3 Along ents carry out profile morphology fitting using this 5 discrete points；
S52, section washed away to concave shape carrying out curve fitting, fitting function equation is as follows:
H=h0+Ae-L/t (2)
Wherein, h0, A, t be respectively fitting function coefficient, 5 discrete point coordinate meters selecting of S51 are substituted into above formula
Calculate coefficient value；
S53, it carries out curve fitting to the gentle section of ramp type, fitting function equation is as follows:
H=aL+b (3)
Wherein, a and b is respectively the coefficient of fitting function, and 5 discrete point coordinates that S51 is selected are substituted into above formula and are calculated
Coefficient value；
S54, the long section that becomes silted up to upper convex carry out curve fitting, and fitting function equation is as follows:
H=cL2+dL+e (4)
Wherein, c, d and e are respectively the coefficient of fitting function, and 5 discrete point coordinate meters that S51 is selected are substituted into above formula
Calculate coefficient value.
Further, the concrete operations of step S6 are as follows:
S61, a section is chosen, utilizes the origin plane coordinates (x on section0, y0) and extra large side discrete point plane coordinates
(x1, y1) calculate the azimuth angle alpha of the section:
α=arctan (y0-y1)/(x0-x1) (5)
S62, the ordinary high water springs value H of the section position is substituted into the section fit equation, calculated averagely big
Horizontal distance L of the tidal height tide point apart from originH；
S63, the horizontal distance L using ordinary high water springs point apart from originHWith profile azimuth angle α, it is flat to calculate the section
The corresponding plane coordinates (x of high water spring point2, y2):
x2=x0+LHcosα (6)
y2=y0+LHsinα (7)
S64, step S61, S62, S63 are repeated, calculates the ordinary high water springs point plane coordinates on all sections, coastwise
Trend is sequentially connected the ordinary high water springs point of each section, forms ordinary high water springs line.
Further, the concrete operations of the step S7 are as follows:
S71, obtained ordinary high water springs line and artificial water front are calculated when same position exists simultaneously, the two is carried out empty
Between be superimposed；
When same position ordinary high water springs line in artificial water front to extra large side, take average high water spring line as the position
The coastline set；
When same position ordinary high water springs line in artificial water front to land side, take artificial water front as the sea of the position
Water front；
S72, entire seashore is handled, merges the ordinary high water springs line and artificial water front of selection, obtains remote sensing and push away
The coastline of calculation.
Using following advantage can be obtained after the above technological means:
The invention proposes a kind of coastline remote sensing projectional technique of profile morphology auto-adapted fitting, coastwise band trend point
Multiple sections are cut out, differentiate profile morphology according to three flowage line discrete points being substantially evenly distributed on the same section, herein
On the basis of, it is fitted using five flowage line discrete points being substantially evenly distributed on the same section, determines section fitting side
Journey, and then ordinary high water springs line is obtained, ordinary high water springs line and artificial water front are finally subjected to space topology analyzing processing,
Obtain the coastline of remote sensing reckoning.Compared with existing " mean inclination method " coastline remote sensing skill of deduction and calculation, the method for the present invention is prominent
It is single it is assumed that the coastline calculated more closing to reality feelings beach slope in current coastline remote sensing projectional technique has been broken
Condition substantially increases the applicability of algorithm, in addition, method of the invention can simulate seashore wash away with sedimentation formation feature,
The stickiness of seashore line position simulation and beach profile form is improved, it is demonstrated experimentally that remote sensing compared with prior art calculates
Coastline position precision improve 56.5%.The remote sensing coastline of the method for the present invention contains nature water front and artificial bank automatically
Line has inherent advantage to nature water front retention is calculated.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of step flow chart of the coastline remote sensing projectional technique of profile morphology auto-adapted fitting of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the instantaneous waterside line drawing result figure of one specific embodiment of the method for the present invention；Wherein, (a) is littoral zone
Satellite remote-sensing image original image, is (b) NDWI water body index enhancing result figure, is (c) the two-value striograph after the separation of land and water, (d)
It is the flowage line grating image figure of Sobel operator extraction, is (e) effect picture that vector flowage line is superimposed with remote sensing image original image.
Fig. 3 is the flowage line discrete point sequential extraction procedures result schematic diagram of one specific embodiment of the method for the present invention.
Fig. 4 is tidal level interpolation calculation schematic diagram in the method for the present invention.
Fig. 5 is that profile morphology differentiates schematic diagram in the method for the present invention.
Fig. 6 is three kinds of profile morphology matched curve schematic diagrames in the method for the present invention；Wherein, (a) is that concave shape washes away section
Matched curve schematic diagram, is (b) the gentle section matched curve schematic diagram of ramp type, is (c) the long section matched curve of upper convex silt
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is the remote sensing coastline schematic diagram that the method for the present invention calculates.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described further with reference to the accompanying drawing:
The multidate Landsat8 OLI satellite shadow of seashore in the middle part of this specific embodiment selection 2018 year covering Jiangsu Province
As being used as remotely-sensed data source, tide gauge is from tri- port Xin Yanggang, great Feng, Wang Gang tidal level control sites, using Envi5.1
As remote sensing image processing tool, ArcGIS10.2 as vector data handling implement, Origin9.1 as section curve batch
Fitting tool.
A kind of coastline remote sensing projectional technique of profile morphology auto-adapted fitting, as shown in Figure 1, specifically including following step
It is rapid:
S1, river Donggang City two sides seashore zone on 2 23rd, 2018 Landsat8 OLI satellite raw videos is cut
Instantaneous water is extracted from littoral zone multidate satellite remote-sensing image such as (a) in Fig. 2 as coastline remote sensing image original image in domain
Sideline and artificial water front, concrete operations are as follows:
S11, Water-Body Information enhancing and Threshold segmentation are carried out to littoral zone multidate satellite remote-sensing image.The present invention can adopt
Water-Body Information enhancing is carried out with NDWI water body index, MNDWI water body index or TGDWI water body index.NDWI water body index is one
Kind common method, calculation formula are as follows:
Wherein, RgRepresent the green light band reflectivity in remote sensing image, RnirThe near infrared band represented in remote sensing image is anti-
Penetrate rate.
By analyzing soil/building and water body in the pop feature difference of middle infrared band, it is thus proposed that improved to return
One changes difference water body index MNDWI, and calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein, RmirRepresent the middle infrared band reflectivity in remote sensing image.
Littoral zone high resolution ratio satellite remote-sensing image when for low tide red wave band be difficult to differentiate between ponding beach and
Decomposition between the high water body of Suspended Sedimentation Concentration, near infrared band are difficult the case where distinguishing high-moisture beach and seawater,
Water-Body Information enhancing can be carried out using TGDWI water body index, specific formula for calculation is as follows:
Wherein, RirIndicate the reflectivity of the near infrared band in remote sensing image, RrIndicate the red spectral band in remote sensing image
Reflectivity, λirIndicate the wavelength of near infrared band, λrIndicate the wavelength of red spectral band, λgIndicate the wavelength of green light band.
By taking NDWI water body index as an example, pixel statistics with histogram is carried out to the NDWI water body index figure layer of generation, chooses land
Numerical value between ground pixel peak value and water body pixel peak value carries out linear stretch, the flood boundaries in prominent image, through NDWI water
Body index carries out shown in (b) in the enhanced image of water body such as Fig. 2.
After raw video carries out Water-Body Information enhancing, it is further processed by thresholding method, thresholding method is also referred to as close
Spend split plot design, it is intended to expand the difference between the image Target scalar gray value to be extracted and background gray levels.Water body threshold is set
Value, extracts the seawater part in the NDWI water body index figure layer of enhancing, the pixel value of seawater part is set as 1, rest part
Pixel value is set as 0, forms land and water and separates two-value image, as a result as shown in (c) in Fig. 2.
S12, edge detection and grid-vector median filters processing are carried out to S11 treated image, obtain the wink of vector format
When flowage line.This specific embodiment carries out image edge extraction using Sobel operator, and concrete operations are as follows: first by two-value shadow
The gray value of four neighborhood of upper and lower, left and right of each pixel seeks weighted average as in, is smoothed to noise；Then lead to again
It crosses differential and seeks gradient, keep the pixel gradient magnitude close to template center maximum；Threshold value TH is finally set, if pixel gradient value is big
In preset threshold value TH, then it is assumed that the pixel point is marginal point.By carrying out convolution algorithm to whole picture remote sensing image, obtain
The pixel value of grid where flowage line is set as 1 by the edge image of Sobel operator detection, and the pixel value of rest part is set as 0,
Flowage line two-value image is formed, (d) in Fig. 2 is the flowage line grating image through Sobel operator extraction.
Grid and vector processing is carried out to flowage line two-value image using ArcScan digitization tools in ArcGIS.?
Grid flowage line regards the line of developed width as, then extracts center line, generates vector flowage line, then sharp in ArcGIS
Flowage line object vector is edited in ArcEdit edit tool, deletes flowage line line segment accidentally mention and unwanted, and
Manual fine tuning is carried out to the discontinuous flowage line in part, obtains final vector flowage line, (e) in Fig. 2 shows extraction
The Overlay of vector flowage line and remote sensing image original image.
S13, using remote sensing supervised classification combination visual interpretation correcting process, extract in littoral zone near seashore to sea
There is the artificial linear line of demarcation building trace, being formed by man-made features in side, as artificial water front.
The instantaneous flowage line Remotely sensed acquisition of multi-temporal remote sensing image is completed using above-mentioned steps, generates Middle Jiangsu Province seashore
Multidate flowage line shp file.The instantaneous flowage line of multidate is uniformly converted into utm projection (taking 51 band of the Northern Hemisphere),
CGCS2000 coordinate system.
S2, using cut-off rule cluster, by the segmentation of multidate flowage line, simultaneously discretization, the flowage line for obtaining each section of seashore are discrete
Point sequence, concrete operations are as follows:
S21, according to the method for extrapolation envelope, draw in multidate flowage line to extra large side and be approximately parallel to seashore and walk
To segmentation baseline, draw it is a plurality of perpendicular to segmentation baseline cut-off rule, constitute cut-off rule cluster.
In view of survey region size and experiment precision, this specific embodiment take the interval 500m to divide as flowage line
The equal part distance of baseline chooses segmentation baseline object to be split using the Divide tool of ArcGIS under editing mode
The equal part of baseline is divided.The line segment endpoint formed after by the merging treatment of line segment equal part being divided becomes same broken line
Internal node (Vertex) is deleted due to the extra node that flowage line baseboard is unable to equal part and is formed；Under editing mode, choosing
The baseboard midpoint (Midpoint) that segmentation baseline etc. point segmentation is formed is selected, the vertical line section at midpoint was done, and generated cut-off rule cluster shp
File.
S22, using cut-off rule cluster, by the segmentation of multidate flowage line, simultaneously discretization, the flowage line for obtaining each section of seashore are discrete
Point sequence.This specific embodiment utilizes figure layer pooling function, and cut-off rule cluster shp file and multidate flowage line shp file are closed
And.Under editing mode, disconnection function is beaten in selection, and the line merged in file is interrupted；Then the cut-off rule being interrupted is carried out
Merging treatment exports the Vertex node of cut-off rule, as required flowage line cut-point；Successively by the x of cut-point, y-coordinate
Output, obtains flowage line discrete point, forms the discrete point sequence of flowage line of each section, Fig. 3 illustrates the flowage line of Experimental Area
Discrete point sequential extraction procedures result.
S3, the tidal level assignment that each discrete point sequence of section flowage line is completed using harmonic analysis of tide method, concrete operations are such as
Under:
S31, the present embodiment have chosen 3 tidal level control sites, are distributed as shown in figure 3, collecting each website one month
Above tidal observation data calculates each tidal control website in remote sensing image imaging moment using harmonic analysis of tide method
Tidal level.
Harmonic analysis is carried out using tidal level observation data of the least square method to tidal current survey website, obtains average Hai Ping
Face, the harmonic constant of tide, the number of related partial tide and related parameter and residual error, according to harmonic constant of tide calculating tidal control station
The tidal height of point, formula are as follows:
Wherein, H (t) is the tidal height of t moment tidal control website, A0For mean sea level, HiFor the tidal height of partial tide i, RiFor
The amplitude of partial tide i, ωiFor the frequency of partial tide i, φiFor the phase of partial tide i, i=1 ..., n, n are partial tide number.
S32, the ordinary high water springs tidal level for calculating each control site.
The mean error Δ that S33, Statisti-cal control website tidal level calculate.
S34, by distance weighted, the control site tidal level value linear interpolation that S31 is obtained is discrete to corresponding flowage line
On point, the tidal level assignment of each discrete point sequence of section flowage line is completed.
The tide water level variation due to caused by earth curvature variation, Propagation of Tidal deformation etc. is mainly manifested in weft direction, because
This tidal level interpolation calculation is mainly carried out in weft direction.As shown in figure 4, when interpolation calculation, it is necessary first to which selection is apart from interpolation point
The adjacent tidal level interpolation website of nearest two, and interpolation point will be between two websites, then with interpolation point and tidal level interpolation station
Difference of latitude between point is as weight, and using linear interpolation method, the tidal level value for completing interpolation point is calculated, specific formula is as follows:
Wherein, HjIndicate the tidal height of interpolation point j, H1For the tidal height at tidal level station 1, H2For the tidal height at tidal level station 2, Δ Y1It is slotting
It is worth difference of latitude of the point j apart from tidal level station 1, Δ Y2Difference of latitude for interpolation point j apart from tidal level station 2, j=1 ..., m, m are interpolation
Point number.
According to the sequence of cut-off rule cluster, the discrete point on same cut-off rule is formed into a discrete point sequence of flowage line,
And tidal level assignment is carried out to discrete point, obtain all discrete point sequences of the flowage line by tidal level assignment for calculating section.
S4, it selects 3 discrete points to carry out profile morphological characteristics differentiation on section, determines the type of section, concrete operations
It is as follows:
The discrete point sequence of flowage line on one S41, selection section, selects in the sequence near land side, near coastal waters
Two sides discrete point of the two flowage line discrete points of side as the section halves the line of two sides discrete point, selects distance
Intermediate discrete point of the nearest flowage line discrete point of Along ent as the section.
S42, take the land side endpoint of cut-off rule as origin, the horizontal distance L using discrete point to origin as abscissa, from
The tidal level H of scatterplot establishes rectangular coordinate system as ordinate, defines land side discrete point, extra large side discrete point and intermediate discrete point
Coordinate is respectively (L1, H1)、(L2, H2) and (L0, H0)。
S43, linear equation is established:
H=aL+b (13)
Wherein, the mean inclination of a representative profile, b represents the corresponding tidal level value of origin position, by (L1, H1) and (L2, H2)
It substitutes into equation (13) and solves equation coefficient.
S44, the horizontal distance L by intermediate discrete point to origin0Linear equation H=aL+b is substituted into, intermediate discrete point is obtained
Reference tidal level H*。
S45, as shown in figure 5, the relatively intermediate discrete point of the mean error Δ calculated using control site tidal level refers to tidal level
H*With the relationship of practical tidal level H0, the type of section is judged:
When | H*-H0When |≤Δ/2, it is believed that section is gentle, and profile morphology is ramp type；
Work as H*-H0When > Δ/2, it is believed that section washes away, and profile morphology is concave shape；
Work as H*-H0When <-Δ/2, it is believed that section, which becomes silted up, to be grown, and profile morphology is upper convex.
S5, after having judged profile type, section fitting is carried out, it is quasi- by the form carried out to different types of multiple sections
Experiment is closed, 5 discrete points are to carry out profile morphology to be fitted most economical discrete point quantity.5 discrete click-through are selected on section
The fitting of row profile morphology, obtains the form fit equation of the section, concrete operations are as follows:
The discrete point sequence of flowage line on one S51, selection section, selects in sequence near land side, near coastal waters side
Two sides discrete point of two flowage line discrete points as the section, by 4 equal part of line of two sides discrete point, successively select near
3 flowage line discrete points of nearly 3 Along ents carry out profile morphology fitting using this 5 discrete points.
S52, section is washed away to concave shape carrying out curve fitting, the matched curve selected is decaying exponential function, in Fig. 6
(a) shown in, fitting function equation is as follows:
H=h0+Ae-L/t (14)
Wherein, h0, A, t be respectively fitting function coefficient, 5 discrete point coordinate meters selecting of S51 are substituted into above formula
Calculate coefficient value.
S53, it carries out curve fitting to the gentle section of ramp type, the matched curve selected is linear function, in Fig. 6
(b) shown in, fitting function equation is as follows:
H=aL+b (15)
Wherein, a and b is respectively the coefficient of fitting function, and 5 discrete point coordinates that S51 is selected are substituted into above formula and are calculated
Coefficient value.
S54, the long section that becomes silted up to upper convex carry out curve fitting, and the matched curve selected is second order polynomial function, such as Fig. 6
In (c) shown in, fitting function equation is as follows:
H=cL2+dL+e (16)
Wherein, c, d and e are respectively the coefficient of fitting function, and 5 discrete point coordinate meters that S51 is selected are substituted into above formula
Calculate coefficient value.
S6, section ordinary high water springs point position is calculated using profile morphology fit equation, coastwise move towards direction successively
Ordinary high water springs point is connected, ordinary high water springs line is formed, concrete operations are as follows
S61, a section is chosen, utilizes the origin plane coordinates (x on section0, y0) and extra large side discrete point plane coordinates
(x1, y1) calculate the azimuth angle alpha of the section:
α=arctan (y0-y1)/(x0-x1) (17)
S62, the ordinary high water springs value H of the section position is substituted into the section fit equation, calculated averagely big
Horizontal distance L of the tidal height tide point apart from originH。
S63, the horizontal distance L using ordinary high water springs point apart from originHWith profile azimuth angle α, it is flat to calculate the section
The corresponding plane coordinates (x of high water spring point2, y2):
x2=x0+LHcosα (18)
y2=y0+LHsinα (19)
S64, step S61, S62, S63 are repeated, calculates the ordinary high water springs point plane coordinates on all sections, coastwise
Trend is sequentially connected the ordinary high water springs point of each section, forms ordinary high water springs line.
S7, ordinary high water springs line and artificial water front are handled using space topology analyzing method, obtains the seashore of remote sensing reckoning
Line, concrete operations are as follows:
S71, it will calculate that getable ordinary high water springs line and artificial water front carry out space topology analyzing processing, when same
Position exists simultaneously ordinary high water springs line and artificial water front, and the two is carried out space overlapping；
When same position ordinary high water springs line in artificial water front to extra large side, take average high water spring line as the position
The coastline (natural water front) set；
When same position ordinary high water springs line in artificial water front to land side, take artificial water front as the sea of the position
Water front.
S72, entire seashore is handled, merges the ordinary high water springs line and artificial water front of selection, obtains remote sensing and push away
The coastline of calculation, this specific embodiment remote sensing coastline calculate that result is as shown in Figure 7.
The method of the present invention and " mean inclination method " are compared, and compare two kinds of sides respectively using field measurement coastline
Method calculates error.Field measurement coastline is measured using the RTK based on JSCORS network, utm projection, CGCS2000 coordinate
System, coastline eyeball are not more than ± 0.1 meter relative to the mean square error of a point of adjacent control point.Table 1, table 2, table 3 are shown respectively
The error condition of recessed type profile, slope type profile, convex type profile:
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
According to table, it can be seen that, method of the invention is in the coastline that eroding bank section, slope bank section, long bank section of becoming silted up calculate
It is respectively 49.49m, 100.13m, 86.23m with absolute error at a distance from actual measurement coastline, the accuracy of the method for the present invention is obvious
Better than " mean inclination method ", compared with " mean inclination method ", the coastal error that method of the invention calculates is reduced about
56.5%.
Embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail above in conjunction with attached drawing, but the invention is not limited to above-mentioned
Embodiment within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art can also be before not departing from present inventive concept
It puts and makes a variety of changes.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of coastline remote sensing projectional technique of profile morphology auto-adapted fitting, which comprises the following steps:
S1, instantaneous flowage line and artificial water front are extracted from littoral zone multidate satellite remote-sensing image；
S2, multidate flowage line is divided into simultaneously discretization using cut-off rule cluster, obtains the flowage line discrete point sequence of each section of seashore
Column；
S3, the tidal level assignment that each discrete point sequence of section flowage line is completed using harmonic analysis of tide method；
S4, it selects 3 discrete points to carry out profile morphological characteristics differentiation on section, determines the type of section；
S5, it selects 5 discrete points to carry out profile morphology fitting on section, obtains the form fit equation of the section；
S6, section ordinary high water springs point position is calculated using profile morphology fit equation, coastwise move towards direction and be sequentially connected
Ordinary high water springs point forms ordinary high water springs line；
S7, ordinary high water springs line and artificial water front are handled using space topology analyzing method, obtains the coastline of remote sensing reckoning.
2. a kind of coastline remote sensing projectional technique of profile morphology auto-adapted fitting according to claim 1, feature exist
In the concrete operations of the step S1 are as follows:
S11, Water-Body Information enhancing and Threshold segmentation are carried out to littoral zone multidate satellite remote-sensing image；
S12, edge detection and grid-vector median filters processing are carried out to S11 treated image, obtain the instantaneous water of vector format
Sideline；
S13, instantaneous flowage line is corrected using the method for remote sensing supervised classification combination visual interpretation, extracts artificial water front.
3. a kind of coastline remote sensing projectional technique of profile morphology auto-adapted fitting according to claim 1, feature exist
In the concrete operations of the step S2 are as follows:
S21, the segmentation baseline that coast trend is approximately parallel to the drafting of extra large side in multidate flowage line, draw a plurality of vertical
In the cut-off rule of segmentation baseline, cut-off rule cluster is constituted；
S22, multidate flowage line is divided into simultaneously discretization using cut-off rule cluster, obtains the flowage line discrete point sequence of each section of seashore
Column.
4. a kind of coastline remote sensing projectional technique of profile morphology auto-adapted fitting according to claim 1, feature exist
In the concrete operations of the step S3 are as follows:
S31, it determines tidal control website, calculates each tidal control website using harmonic analysis of tide method and be imaged in remote sensing image
The tidal level at moment；
S32, the ordinary high water springs tidal level for calculating each control site；
The mean error Δ that S33, Statisti-cal control website tidal level calculate；
S34, by distance weighted, in control site tidal level value linear interpolation to corresponding flowage line discrete point that S31 is obtained,
Complete the tidal level assignment of each discrete point sequence of section flowage line.
5. a kind of coastline remote sensing projectional technique of profile morphology auto-adapted fitting according to claim 1, feature exist
In the concrete operations of the step S4 are as follows:
The discrete point sequence of flowage line on one S41, selection section, selects in sequence near land side, near the two of coastal waters side
Two sides discrete point of a flowage line discrete point as the section halves the line of two sides discrete point, selects apart from Along ent
Intermediate discrete point of the nearest flowage line discrete point as the section；
S42, take the land side endpoint of cut-off rule as origin, the horizontal distance L using discrete point to origin is as abscissa, discrete point
Tidal level H as ordinate, establish rectangular coordinate system, the coordinate difference of land side discrete point, extra large side discrete point and intermediate discrete point
For (L1, H1)、(L2, H2) and (L0, H0)；
S43, linear equation is established:
H=aL+b
Wherein, the mean inclination of a representative profile, b represent the corresponding tidal level value of origin position；
S44, the horizontal distance L by intermediate discrete point to origin0Linear equation H=aL+b is substituted into, the reference of intermediate discrete point is obtained
Tidal level H*；
The relatively intermediate discrete point of S45, the mean error Δ calculated using control site tidal level refers to tidal level H*With practical tidal level H0's
Relationship judges the type of section:
When | H*-H0When |≤Δ/2, section is gentle, and profile morphology is ramp type；
Work as H*-H0When > Δ/2, section washes away, and profile morphology is concave shape；
Work as H*-H0When < -- Δ/2, section becomes silted up length, and profile morphology is upper convex.
6. a kind of coastline remote sensing projectional technique of profile morphology auto-adapted fitting according to claim 5, feature exist
In the concrete operations of step S5 are as follows:
The discrete point sequence of flowage line on one S51, selection section, selects in sequence near land side, near the two of coastal waters side
Two sides discrete point of a flowage line discrete point as the section successively selects 4 equal part of line of two sides discrete point near 3
3 flowage line discrete points of a Along ent carry out profile morphology fitting using this 5 discrete points；
S52, section washed away to concave shape carrying out curve fitting, fitting function equation is as follows:
H=h0+Ae-L/t
Wherein, h0, A, t be respectively fitting function coefficient, 5 discrete point coordinate design factors selecting of S51 are substituted into above formula
Value；
S53, it carries out curve fitting to the gentle section of ramp type, fitting function equation is as follows:
H=aL+b
Wherein, a and b is respectively the coefficient of fitting function, and 5 discrete point coordinate design factors that S51 is selected are substituted into above formula
Value；
S54, the long section that becomes silted up to upper convex carry out curve fitting, and fitting function equation is as follows:
H=cL2+dL+e
Wherein, c, d and e are respectively the coefficient of fitting function, and 5 discrete point coordinates that S51 is selected are substituted into above formula and calculate system
Number value.
7. a kind of coastline remote sensing projectional technique of profile morphology auto-adapted fitting according to claim 6, feature exist
In the concrete operations of step S6 are as follows:
S61, a section is chosen, utilizes the origin plane coordinates (x on section0, y0) and sea side discrete point plane coordinates (x1, y1)
Calculate the azimuth angle alpha of the section:
α=arctan (y0-y1)/(x0-x1)
S62, the ordinary high water springs value H of the section position is substituted into the section fit equation, calculates mean springs height
Horizontal distance L of the tide point apart from originH；
S63, the horizontal distance L using ordinary high water springs point apart from originHWith profile azimuth angle α, the section mean springs is calculated
Corresponding plane coordinates (the x of climax point2, y2):
x2=x0+LHcosα
y2=y0+LHsinα
S64, step S61, S62, S63 are repeated, calculates the ordinary high water springs point plane coordinates on all sections, it is coastwise to move towards
It is sequentially connected the ordinary high water springs point of each section, forms ordinary high water springs line.
8. a kind of coastline remote sensing projectional technique of profile morphology auto-adapted fitting according to claim 7, feature exist
In the concrete operations of the step S7 are as follows:
S71, obtained ordinary high water springs line and artificial water front are calculated when same position exists simultaneously, the two progress space is folded
Add；
When same position ordinary high water springs line in artificial water front to extra large side, take average high water spring line as the position
Coastline；
When same position ordinary high water springs line in artificial water front to land side, take artificial water front as the seashore of the position
Line；
S72, entire seashore is handled, merges the ordinary high water springs line and artificial water front of selection, obtain remote sensing reckoning
Coastline.
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