CN109918801A - Scaffold automatically generates and optimization system - Google Patents
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Abstract
It proposes a kind of scaffold to automatically generate and optimization system, automatically generating the system comprises the scaffold mainly includes initial conditions input module, scaffold basic model generation module, checking computations module, Modifying model module and scaffold structural map generation module with optimization system；The initial conditions input module be used to input scaffold basic model generation module required to generating the parameter of scaffold basic model；The parameter that the scaffold basic model generation module is used to be inputted according to initial conditions input module generates the basic model of scaffold；The checking computations module is for checking the basic model of the scaffold；The Modifying model module is used to optimize the basic model of scaffold according to the checking computation results of checking computations module；Model after the optimization that the scaffold structural map generation module is exported according to Modifying model module generates the structural drawings of scaffold.This programme improves the reliability of safety verification, reduces design complexities.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to civil engineerings and field of computer technology, and in particular to a kind of scaffold automatically generates and optimize system
System.
Background technique
It is well known that with the fast development of Chinese economy, the construction efficiency and Quantity of the works such as bridge exist
Increase year by year.Scaffold is widely used in bridge construction, and scaffold is as the auxiliary tool and interim load receiving part in construction
Part, safety (including bearing capacity, overall stiffness, antidumping and stability etc.) just become particularly important.
Both at home and abroad in terms of studying and exploring scaffold safety, many practical methods are proposed.In traditional research
In, the concept of fastener type steel pipe scaffold system (referred to as " fastener frame system ") is established, fastener frame system accident is analyzed
The reason of status, type and generation, by proposing to the current analysis in relation to fastener frame system safety research situation both at home and abroad
The problems of China's correlative study, and establish research framework, it can be seen that the significance level of scaffold safety.Foot hand
Frame safety is not up to standard, gently then will lead to scaffold collapsing and causes economic loss, heavy then will lead to build middle works and collapse and draw
Play heavy economic losses and safety accident.Such as by the fault tree analysis method with Bayesian network, not only avoid tradition
The shortcomings that Fault Tree, also quantitatively finds out the principal element of scaffold cave-in accident.And cause scaffold in analysis
On the basis of the principal element of collapsing, the safety of contacting piece formula steel pipe scaffold carries out overall merit.And in evaluation procedure
In, the quantitative analysis in Mechanics Calculation is applied in fuzzy overall evaluation, combines quantitative analysis with both qualitative analyses.
Toppling and checking for scaffold, is the base in " construction fastener type steel pipe scaffold technical specification of security " JGJ130-2011
It is derived on plinth.It is first according to current specifications that traditional scaffold, which is built, in the case where meeting essential structure requirement,
It is directly built, builds completion and carry out safety and stablization checking computations again later.
Safety and stablization checking computations are assessed based on already installed scaffold, and mode is excessively passive, so
The scaffold accident rate that construction site occurs is still very high, and job site personnel quality is irregular, and scaffold design is tested
The reliability of calculation it is difficult to ensure that, evaluation result is unreliable to bring very big security risk, need to set again when finding the problem
Scaffolding structure is counted, will cause unnecessary waste.
It can be seen that the security evaluation and optimization design of fastener type steel pipe scaffold are one relative complex and to evaluator
A more demanding job of member, and most construction sites do not have the condition of evaluation scaffold safety.Therefore with meter
The development of calculation machine technology, the system that a set of scaffold Automated Design and optimization are established based on computer technology just seem especially
It is important.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention proposes that a kind of scaffold automatically generates and optimize system
System.
According to the one aspect of the application, propose a kind of scaffold and automatically generate and optimization system, the scaffold from
Dynamic generate with optimization system mainly includes initial conditions input module, scaffold basic model generation module, checking computations module, model
Correction module and scaffold structural map generation module；The initial conditions input module is raw for inputting scaffold basic model
At module required to generating the parameter of scaffold basic model；The scaffold basic model generation module is used for according to starting
The parameter of condition entry module input generates the basic model of scaffold；The checking computations module is used for the basic of the scaffold
Model is checked；The Modifying model module is used for the checking computation results according to checking computations module, to the basic model of scaffold into
Row optimization, the model after being optimized；After the optimization that the scaffold structural map generation module is exported according to Modifying model module
Model generate scaffold structural drawings.
According to the one aspect of the application, the parameter for generating scaffold basic model includes composition scaffold
Maximum pressure, the scaffold that the size of steel pipe, the material property of steel pipe, steel pipe are able to bear build mode type, external loads
Size and Orientation and active position, the quality of structural concrete unit volume, the base type of steel strand wires and dosage and
Size at scaffold position will be installed.
According to the one aspect of the application, the scaffold basic model generation module is used to input mould according to initial conditions
The place size of block input and the scaffold design of user's selection initialize the basic model of scaffold.
According to the one aspect of the application, the scaffold design includes single double-pole scaffold and full hall scaffold.
According to the one aspect of the application, when for single double-pole scaffold, the scaffold basic model generation module is used
In the permission scaffolding height for obtaining scaffold according to the high integrity execution conditions of place size, allow to set up according to scaffold
Height obtains the setting type of basic wall connecting rod, and the advance and transfer of upright bar are selected according to actual load situation.
According to the one aspect of the application, when for full hall scaffold, the scaffold basic model generation module is used for
Step pitch and upright bar spacing are selected according to initial place size and corresponding load, when there is multiple selections to clash,
The biggish set-up mode of spacing of being subject to.
According to the one aspect of the application, the checking computations include load capacity calculation and main structure Force checking calculation, wherein designing foot
When the supporting member of hand cradle, the worst combination of load effect of appearance is calculated according in use process, is being completed
After load capacity calculation, bearing capacity checking computations are carried out using main structure internal force of the present load to scaffold basic model and stability is tested
It calculates.
According to the one aspect of the application, the Modifying model module is used for the checking computation results according to checking computations module to discontented
The part of sufficient security requirement is modified, and the checking computations module continues to check to modified model, recycles this process,
Until checking computation results meet demand, wherein the checking computations module checks each component part of scaffold, when checking out
When being unsatisfactory for the component part of security requirement, stop the checking computations of remaining component part, the Modifying model module is immediately to this
Component part is modified, and recycles this process, until all checking computation results meet demands.
According to the one aspect of the application, allow if the amount of deflection that the modification includes: portraitlandscape horizon bar has exceeded
Amount of deflection, then the spacing of portraitlandscape horizon bar is reduced a grade；When the stabilized soil pavement of wall-connecting piece requires to be unsatisfactory for
When the requirement of specification, reduce the spacing of wall-connecting piece, to increase the quantity of wall-connecting piece；When the stabilized soil pavement of full hall scaffold is wanted
Ask when being unsatisfactory for requiring, reduce the spacing of upright bar, reduce the tilt angle of bridging, with reduce bridging across number, increase is cut
The quantity of knife support.
According to the one aspect of the application, the checking computations further include Checking Ground Bearing Capacity, are obtained according to the basic model
After the bearing capacity needed out, compared with the foundation capability of primary condition, if being unsatisfactory for the requirement of bearing capacity,
The concrete thickness of needs is calculated according to the difference of the two.
According to the one aspect of the application, the scaffold structural map generation module is also used to generate detailed each section meter
The calculated result report of checking computations is calculated, the calculated result report is tested including each section internal force of load calculating process, final structure
The checking computations process of calculation process and foundation bearing capacity further includes the related opinions of basement process.
The present invention carries out Automated Design and optimization to scaffold using computer technology, can be improved the reliable of safety verification
Property, and only undesirable part is modified, is dropped without redesigning scaffolding structure when finding safety problem
Low design complexities.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that scaffold according to an embodiment of the invention automatically generates and optimization system module map；
Fig. 2 is that the scaffold according to an embodiment of the invention automatically generates and process performed by optimization system；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that bridging crosses over upright bar.
Specific embodiment
Show that scaffold according to an embodiment of the invention is automatically generated and optimization system and its held combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2,
Row process.
It mainly includes initial conditions input module, the life of scaffold basic model with optimization system that the scaffold, which is automatically generated,
At module, checking computations module, Modifying model module and scaffold structural map generation module.
The initial conditions input module generates scaffold for inputting scaffold basic model generation module
The parameter of basic model, specifically includes the following contents.
Design parameter: including scaffold type and basic size, parameters of loading, the material context of construction bracket, works
Concrete density, steel strand wires model and dosage, works size and form of construction work etc.；
Place size: works lower space size, earth's surface can utilize size etc.；
Foundation condition: the basic parameter including soil, native type and delamination；
Construction site weather condition, may also have an impact that (such as: wind load, the temperature difference are larger to draw to the safety of scaffold
Scaffold deformation risen etc.)；
Basement process opinion: it can satisfy the foundation treatment mode of scaffold safety；
Scaffold basic design parameters library:
The arrangement of many scaffolds needs to be combined according to base model as defined in specification to meet the place ruler at scene
Very little and load deployment scenarios.The most basic component of scaffold is the coupling member of steel pipe and composition scaffold.Scaffold steel
The basic parameter of pipe is as shown in the table.
Steel tube section geometrical property:
Illustrate:
Outside diameter d: the outer dia of steel pipe；
Wall thickness t: the thickness of the entity steel part outside steel pipe between inner space；
The moment of inertia:
α is the ratio of outer diameter and internal diameter
Section modulus: section modulus is called section resistance moment.By the cross section of bent member around the moment of inertia of its neutral axis
Divided by the distance by neutral axis to section outermost edge.Section resistance moment (W) is exactly section to its centroid equatorial moment of inertia and section
Upper farthest point to centroid wheelbase from ratio.
The radius of gyration: the radius of gyration is a physical quantity, the also known as radius of inertia, refers to the concentration that object differential mass is assumed
Point arrives the distance of rotation between centers, and rotary inertia extracts square root again divided by gross mass.It can be used to calculate the moment of inertia.
Steel strength design value and elasticity modulus (N/mm2)
| Q235 steel tensile strength design value | 205 |
| Elastic modulus E | 2.06×105 |
Illustrate:
Elasticity modulus: generally speaking, an external forces are applied to elastomer, the change of shape can occur for elastomer
The general definition of (referred to as " deformation "), elasticity modulus is: under uniaxial stressed state stress divided by the direction strain.
Specifically, above-mentioned parameter and condition can be inputted by user's input operation interface.In order to meet department of computer science
Information exchange between system and user, the computer system should have the operation interface of hommization.For operation interface
It is required that the function of data input should be met first, that is, form size, the material property of steel pipe, steel pipe of the steel pipe of scaffold
Maximum pressure, the scaffold being able to bear build mode type, the size and Orientation of external loads and active position, works
The quality of concrete unit volume, the base type of steel strand wires and dosage to the related of size at scaffold position will be installed
Data can be conveniently intuitively input in system.Secondly, the interface also has output function, i.e., tested in computer system
Calculate complete after, the scaffold drawing after calculating is intuitively reflected to user, and support user oneself fine tuning and
The export of drawing.
The parameter that the scaffold basic model generation module is used to be inputted according to initial conditions input module generates foot hand
The basic model of frame, specifically includes the following contents.
The initial construction of scaffold is according to structure specified in " construction fastener type steel pipe scaffold technical specification of security "
Requirement is made to be calculated.
According to the scaffold design of place size and user's selection in initial design parameters, system will be according to following
Condition is selected, i.e. the initialization of scaffold design.
The applicable place of single double-pole scaffold and execution conditions are different.Single-row of scaffold only has row's upright bar, hyphen
One end of bar is shelved on the scaffold on wall.Double-pole scaffold is made of inside and outside two rows of upright bars and longitudinal and transverse bar.Double-pole scaffold
It is generally used for masonry project, masonry needs load-bearing, places cement and brick etc., and single-row of scaffold is generally used for plastering on inner walls, brushes
Material etc. does not need the engineering of load-bearing, and single-row of scaffold is needed they sup-port on the wall.
Full hall scaffold is also referred to as all round victory scaffold, is before works construction, in order to which construction safety and construction are suitable
Benefit carries out, laterally longitudinal, horizontal in the progress of the lower section of construction part by calculating, basement process according to Design Requirement Drawing size
The equidistant installation of direction and vertical direction is spliced, with bear to come from above template, structure itself, personnel, machinery weight it is complete
The arch in orientation.Full hall scaffold system is huge, also more firm in contrast.
If the scaffold type that user selects is full hall formula scaffold, the design of such scaffold will be placed on hereinafter single
Only explanation.
Specifically, when user selects scaffold type as single double-pole scaffold:
The permission scaffolding height that scaffold can be obtained according to the high integrity execution conditions of place size, according to scaffold
Permission scaffolding height can obtain the setting type of basic wall connecting rod, the advance of upright bar is selected according to actual load situation
And transfer.It, should be by no more than l further according to transversely and horizontally distance between tie rods relevant in annotationa/ 2 settings, can be substantially achieved upright bar
Transfer lbAnd step pitch.If there is multiple selections, it is first subject to larger value of parameter when calculating, the inadequate when side of later strength
Just increase intensity.
Commonly use single, double row's scaffold design size.
The design size of the common totally-enclosed single, double row's scaffolding structure of dense mesh safety vertical net, can be used by the following size.
The design size (m) of common open type double-pole scaffold
Annotation:
1. 2+2+2 × 0.35 (kN/m shown in table2), including following load: 2+2 (kN/m2) it is that two layers of fitment operation layer are applied
Work characteristic value of load；2×0.35(kN/m2) it is two layers of work layer scaffold board gravity load standard value
It, should be by being not more than l 2. work layer transversely and horizontally distance between tie rodsa/ 2 settings.
The design size (m) of common dense mesh safety vertical net totally enclosed type single-row of scaffold
Annotation: ibid table
24m is not to be exceeded in single-row of scaffold scaffolding height, and double-pole scaffold scaffolding height is highly more than no more than 50m
The double-pole scaffold of 50m, Ying Caiyong segmented-erection measure.
Longitudinal horizontal rod, horizontal rod, the calculating of scaffold board and choosing principles and the before choosing of scaffold design size
It selects that principle is identical, the permission scaffolding height of scaffold can be obtained according to the high integrity execution conditions of place size, according to foot
The permission scaffolding height of hand cradle can obtain the setting type of basic wall-connecting piece, select longitudinal water according to actual load situation
The advance and transfer of flat bar.And it is noted that the content in annotation is required in the selection that each step is constructed except table
Except content, the priority of annotation be it is highest, when clashing with other detailing requiments, be subject to notes content.
The setting of longitudinal horizontal rod, horizontal rod, scaffold board:
The construction of longitudinal horizontal rod should be met the following requirements:
Annotation:
Longitudinal horizontal rod should be arranged on the inside of upright bar, single pole length be no less than 3 across.
The setting of upright bar:
The setting of upright bar is a part of detailing requiments, closely bound up with the stability and bearing capacity of scaffold.?
After the essential structure form molding of scaffold, the relevant portion of upright bar is directly added according to the requirement of specification in foundation, then
Carry out the checking computations and calculating of bearing capacity and stability.
When carrying out vertical rod designs, pedestal or backing plate should be arranged in every bottom of upright rod, and explanation can be marked on final drawing.
Scaffold should be arranged vertical, horizontal and sweep the floor bar.Bar of longitudinally sweeping the floor should be fixed on using right-angle coupler away from pedestal epithelium
No more than in the upright bar at 200mm.The upright bar that bar of laterally sweeping the floor should be fixed below longitudinal bar of sweeping the floor using right-angle coupler
On.
Single, double row's scaffold bottom step pitch should not exceed 2m.It can be inputted by user when inputting initial conditions, most
Whole drawing creation part can embody increased part scaffold on drawing.
The setting of wall-connecting piece:
The setting of scaffold wall connecting piece quantity should meet following provisions:
After the basic arrangement form of scaffold has determined (step pitch, transfer, advance, upright bar), selected according to user
Erection method the maximum spacing that wall connecting rod is arranged is selected, maximum spacing is brought in overall structure into, in subsequent carrying energy
If not being able to satisfy the requirement of bearing capacity and stability in power checking computations, then modify to the part.
Wall-connecting piece arranges maximum spacing
Annotation:
H --- step pitch；la--- advance.
1 should be arranged close to host node, and the distance for deviateing host node should not exceed 300mm；
2 should start setting up from bottom first step longitudinal horizontal rod, should be using other reliable when setting is had any problem at this
Measure is fixed；
3 should preferentially be arranged using diamond shape, or use rectangular, rectangular arrangement；
The both ends of 4 open-type scaffolds must be provided with wall-connecting piece, and the vertical interval of wall-connecting piece should not exceed the layer of building
Height, and should not exceed 4m.
When 5 frame height are more than 40m and have wind eddy current effect, company's wall measure of anti-upflow effect should be taken.
The setting of bridging and lateral diagonal brace:
Bridging and lateral diagonal brace are to play longitudinal stability to scaffold, reinforce the important rod piece of longitudinal rigid.To foot hand
The stability of frame plays the role of vital.
It is answered according to detailing requiments and the scaffold fundamental type according to selected in user's primary condition, double-pole scaffold
If bridging and lateral diagonal brace, single-row of scaffold should set bridging.
The setting of single, double row's scaffold bridging should be met the following requirements:
Single-row of scaffold:
Scaffold scaffolding height be less than or equal to 24m when, bridging with transverse direction diagonal brace setting according to claimed below
It is designed:
1, the radical of per pass bridging across upright bar is preferably determined by the regulation of table 6.6.2.Per pass bridging width is not answered small
In 4 across, and no less than 6m, the inclination angle on brace and ground is preferably between 45 °~60 °；About bridging brace and ground elevation
Selection, can first be calculated according to the smallest inclination angle, with achieve the purpose that save bridging quantity.According to the upright bar set
Quantity in conjunction with scissors journey cross over upright bar most radicals, so that it may the quantity of the bridging of needs is calculated.Such as the later period
Stability is unqualified in Stability Checking, is further added by the quantity of bridging, changes the inclination angle of bridging brace and ground, to reach
Meet the purpose of stability.
Bridging crosses over most radicals of upright bar
| The inclination angle of bridging brace and ground | 45° | 50° | 60° |
| Bridging crosses over most radicals of upright bar | 7 | 6 | 5 |
2, bridging brace application rotary buckle is fixed in extension end or the upright bar of intersecting therewith horizontal rod, rotation
Turn fastener center line to the distance of host node and be not preferably greater than 150mm, as shown in Figure 3.
3, highly in 24m single, double row's scaffold below, must outer side elevation both ends, corner and midfeather not
On facade more than 15m, one of bridging is respectively set, and should be by the continuous setting (such as following figure) in bottom to top.Height is in 24m or more
Double-pole scaffold bridging continuously should be set in outer side elevation.
The setting of double-pole scaffold transverse direction diagonal brace should be met the following requirements:
1 lateral diagonal brace should continuously be arranged by bottom to top layer in zig-zag type in same internode；
2 height can not set lateral diagonal brace in 24m enclosed type double-pole scaffold below, highly in the enclosed type of 24m or more
Scaffold, in addition to lateral diagonal brace should be arranged in turning, centre should be every 6 across one of setting.
Lateral diagonal brace must be arranged in the both ends of 3 open-type double-pole scaffolds.
Until the arrangement of Crossing brace is completed, can with the basic arrangement parameter to single double-pole scaffold, according to obtained base
This arrangement parameter, system can substantially generate the computation model for bearing capacity checking computations according to basic setting parameter, count
After the completion of calculation, then the correlative detail (such as pedestal of bottom of upright rod setting) of scaffold is optimized.
The setting of full hall scaffold essential structure:
If user has selected the design of full hall scaffold, according to initial place size and corresponding load to step
Away from being selected with upright bar spacing, notes content is equally used as the biggish condition of priority, when there is multiple selections to clash,
The biggish set-up mode of spacing of being subject to, when subsequent bearing capacity and stability are calculated, if it find that certain positions cause to carry
Power is insufficient, then modifies to region of interest.
The design size of common open type full hall scaffold structure, can according to the form below use.
The design size of common open type full hall scaffold structure
Annotation: 1 should at least meet the regulation of following table across number；
2 scaffold board deadweight standard values take 0.35kN/m2；
3 upright bar spacing are not less than 1.2 × 1.2m, and construction loads standard value is not less than 3kN/m2。
4 full hall scaffold scaffolding heights are no more than 36m；Full hall scaffold construction layer is no more than 1 layer.
The setting of full hall scaffold upright bar:
The setting principle of full hall scaffold upright bar is identical as the setting requirements of single double-pole scaffold and setting procedure.Upright bar connects
Lengthening joint must be connected using sleeve couple.The connection of horizon bar and the setting requirements and setting procedure of single double-pole scaffold are basic
It is identical, with 3 across for minimum value, facilitating subsequent adjustment and calculate when horizontal pole length should not be arranged less than 3 across, deed.
The setting of bridging:
Full hall scaffold follows following rule for basic bridging setting:
Surrounding and inside vertical, horizontal every 6m to 8m are by the continuous vertical bridging of bottom to top setting on the outside of frame body；
When scaffold frame body scaffolding height is in 8m or less, continuous horizontal bridging should be set in top of the trellis；
When frame body scaffolding height is in 8m or more, 8m should be no more than in frame body bottom and vertical interval and be respectively set continuously
Horizontal cross brace.Horizontal cross brace is in the oblique intersecting plane setting of vertical bridging.Bridging width should be 6m-8m.
The depth-width ratio of full hall scaffold is not preferably greater than 3, should be in the outside surrounding of frame body and inside when depth-width ratio is greater than 2
Horizontal interval 6m-9m, vertical interval 4m-6m setting wall-connecting piece and building structure drawknot.Horizontal interval and vertical interval are to require
Subject to largest interval, if the insufficient subsequent calculating of stability reduces interval.
The setting of wall-connecting piece:
Minimum span be 2,3 across full hall scaffold, the setting method of the setting of wall-connecting piece and list double-pole scaffold with set
It is identical to set process.
When full hall scaffold locally bears load, it should be calculated by actual loading and answer local stiffening.
Full hall support frame:
Full hall support frame upright bar, the detailing requiments of horizon bar are identical as the setting requirements of full hall scaffold and setting procedure；
Bridging should be arranged according to the type of frame body in full hall support frame, have following several situations in setting:
1 plain edition:
It is required in specification in frame body outer periphery and the every 5m~8m of internal vertical, horizontal, it should be continuous vertical by the setting of bottom to top
Bridging, bridging width should be 5m~8m.Biggish numerical value is first selected to be configured, if subsequent calculating stability can not
To be adjusted.
Continuous horizontal bridging should be arranged in intersection point plane at the top of vertical bridging.When bearing height is more than 8m, or construction
Total load head is greater than 15kN/m2, or when support frame of the concentration line load greater than 20kN/m, the setting layer setting level for bar of sweeping the floor is cut
Knife support.Horizontal cross brace (is calculated) with horizontal cross tie distance to frame body baseplane distance no more than 8m according to 8m.
2 is reinforced:
1 when the longitudinal and transverse spacing of upright bar is 0.9m × 0.9m~1.2m × 1.2m, longitudinal and transverse in frame body outer periphery and inside
To every 4 across (and be not more than 5m), continuous vertical bridging is arranged by bottom to top, bridging width should be 4 across.
2 when the longitudinal and transverse spacing of upright bar is 0.6m × 0.6m~0.9m × 0.9m (containing 0.6m × 0.6m, 0.9m × 0.9m),
In frame body outer periphery and internal vertical, horizontal every 5 across (and being not less than 3m), continuous vertical bridging, scissors are arranged by bottom to top
Support width should be 5 across.
3 when the longitudinal and transverse spacing of upright bar is 0.4m × 0.4m~0.6m × 0.6m (containing 0.4m × 0.4m), all on the outside of frame body
Continuous vertical bridging should be arranged by bottom to top in side and the every 3m~3.2m of internal vertical, horizontal, and bridging width should be 3m~3.2m.
4 at the top of vertical bridging intersection point plane horizontal cross brace should be set.It sweeps the floor the setting layer horizontal cross brace of bar
Be arranged it is identical with plain edition, horizontal cross brace to frame body baseplane distance and horizontal cross tie distance no more than 6m (elder generation according to
6m is generated), bridging width should be 3m~5m.
It should be 45 °~60 ° about the inclination angle of vertical bridging brace and ground, horizontal cross brace and bracket are vertical (or horizontal)
It should be 45 °~60 ° to angle, the spreading of bridging brace is identical as single double-pole scaffold requirement.
When full hall support frame depth-width ratio is unsatisfactory for regulation (depth-width ratio be greater than 2 or 2.5) of specification, full hall support frame should be
Bracket surrounding and middle part are rigidly connected with structural column, and wall-connecting piece horizontal space should be 6m~9m, vertical spacing should be 2m~
3m.The measures such as embedded steel tube should be taken to be rigidly connected with building structure at no structural column position, there is space position, full hall
Support frame preferably exceed drop shadow spread, top-loaded area extend outwardly arrangement (2~3) across.Support frame depth-width ratio should not exceed 3.
According to above step, so that it may the basic model of scaffold under corresponding types is obtained, followed by checking computations module
Basic model is checked, the part for needing to optimize in basic model, and the portion optimized by optimization module to needs are obtained
Divide and optimizes.
The checking computations module is for checking the basic model of the scaffold.It is described to test according to one embodiment
Calculate includes load capacity calculation, main structure Force checking calculation and Checking Ground Bearing Capacity.
The Modifying model module is used for the checking computation results according to checking computations module, carries out to the basic model of scaffold excellent
Change, the model after being optimized.
As described below, each checking computations all includes multiple steps, i.e., to test each component part of scaffold
It calculates, checking computations proposed by the invention and correction module are not to be modified again after executing all checking computations steps, but work as certain group
When being unsatisfactory for security requirement at the checking computation results of part, stop checking computations, and be transferred to Modifying model module to this component part into
Row amendment, recycles the process, until the checking computation results meet demand of all constituents.
It describes in detail below to the process of checking computations and optimization.
The relevant calculation of load type is completed fully according to requirement in specification, in scaffold grown form each time
When changing, need to re-start load calculating.
The classification of scaffold load:
The load for acting on scaffold can be divided into permanent load (dead load) and variable load (live load).So-called permanent lotus
It carries, refers to that structure its value in validity period does not change over time or its variation can be neglected compared with average value or its variation
It is load dull and that limit value can be tended to.So-called variable load refers to that threshold changes over time in design reference period, or
Its variation can not omit the load disregarded compared with average value.
Full hall scaffold permanent load includes: including upright bar, longitudinal horizontal rod, horizontal rod, bridging, adjustable support
The self weight of girder, secondary beam, support plate etc. in the self weight of support, fastener etc. and structure, accessory and adjustable support.
Full hall scaffold variable load should include: the self weight of personnel, utensil and material in work layer and wind load.
It is acted on scaffold always in scaffold service life it is readily apparent that variable load is not necessarily, lotus
It is not simply that all loads are added together for carrying combination.Therefore it needs to carry out load effect combination to a certain extent, make
It is more nearly actual load action situation.Combination of load effect refers to structure or structural elements during use, except receiving
Outside permanent load, it is also possible to while two or more live load is born, this just needs to provide these loads while acting on
When the effect that generates.Various loads may appear in structure simultaneously, but the probability occurred is different.
Load calculates:
Every meter of dead load standard value that scaffold upright rod is born is selected shown according to the form below.
Every meter of dead load standard value (KN/m) that scaffold upright rod is born
Illustrate: characteristic value of load refers to the basic typical value of load, is peak load statistical distribution in design reference period
Characteristic value.
The self weights such as girder, secondary beam, support plate should be by practical calculating in adjustable support on support frame.For following situations
According to the form below uses: (1) common wooden girder (48.3 × 3.6 double steel pipe containing φ), secondary beam, the wooden support plate；(2) fashioned iron secondary beam is self-possessed
No more than No. 10 I-steel self weights, steel main beam self weight are no more than H100mm × 100mm × 6mm × 8mm model steel self weight, support
Plate self weight is no more than the wooden scaffold board self weight.
Girder, secondary beam and support plate deadweight standard value (kN/m2)
Construction loads standard value on full hall formula scaffold operating layer should determines according to actual conditions, and not lower than following table
Regulation.
Construction evenly load standard value
| Classification | Standard value (kN/m2) |
| Fit up scaffold | 2.0 |
| Concrete, masonry construction scaffold | 3.0 |
| Light section steel structure and spatial mesh structure scaffold | 2.0 |
| Normal steel structure scaffold | 3.0 |
Illustrate: the construction evenly load standard value on chute is not lower than 2.0kN/m2.When on double-pole scaffold simultaneously
When having 2 and the above operation layer operation, the construction evenly load standard value summation of each operation layer must not in the same span
5.0kN/m2。
The horizontal wind excitation standard value on scaffold is acted on, should be calculated as follows:
wk=μz·μs·w0
In formula:
wk- characteristi cvalue o fwindload (kN/m2)
μz- height variation coefficient of wind pressure is taken by the regulation of existing national standards " loading code for design of building structures "
μs- scaffold structural shape factor of wind load, the value of according to the form below are taken
w0- fundamental wind pressure (kN/m2)
The structural shape factor of wind load μ of scaffolds
Annotation:
1.μstwScaffold can be considered as truss by value, truss be it is a kind of as rod piece each other made of both ends are hinged
Structure.The general plane or space structure with triangular element that truss is made of straight-bar, truss member are primarily subjected to axial direction
Pulling force or pressure, so as to make full use of the intensity of material, when span is larger than solid web girder save material, mitigate self weight and
Increase rigidity.
2. φ is the coefficient that keeps out the wind, φ=1.2An/AwWherein AnFor the area that keeps out the wind；AwFor front face area.
3. totally-enclosed scaffold keeps out the wind, coefficient φ is not preferably less than 0.8.
Combination of load effect:
Design scaffold supporting member when, should be taken according to the load being likely to occur in use process its most dangerous combination into
Row calculates.Most dangerous combination is to the most harmful Load Combination of structure as its name suggests.The suitable according to the form below of combination of load effect is counted
It calculates.
Combination of load effect
The specification of intensity and toughness checking computations foundation has: " highway technical standard ", " highway bridge and culvert design general specification ",
" highway reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete bridge contain design specification ", " highway bridge and culvert ground and foundation design code ", " highway
Bridges and culverts construction technique normalizing ", " road and bridge construction reckoner ".For simply supported beam and continuous beam on many supports construction scaffold into
When row strength checking, least favorable load is all made of as load is calculated and is calculated, by the maximum for calculating its most dangerouse cross-section
Whether stress within safety value (considers a degree of safety coefficient).
When completing load calculating, molding scaffold basic model should just be held with present load
Loading capability checking computations and Stability Checking, once there is the part for being unsatisfactory for security requirement, it should it is partially completed and repairs accordingly at this
Change, be then returned directly to the generating portion of basic model, related load is calculated again, then runs the part of checking computations,
Until all parts can be met the requirements.Specific checking computations with and encounter that be unsatisfactory for the modification mode of part be in this way
:
Basic Design regulation:
The bearing capacity of scaffold should by the requirement of probabilitic limit state design method, using partial safety factor design expression into
Row design.The design ultimate bearing capacity required in specification is now enumerated to basic judgment basis as follows, as bearing capacity calculation.
Fastener, pedestal, adjustable support design ultimate bearing capacity (kN)
| Project | Design ultimate bearing capacity |
| Sleeve couple (antiskid) | 3.20 |
| Right-angle coupler, rotary buckle (antiskid) | 8.00 |
| Pedestal (compression), adjustable support (compression) | 40.00 |
Feasible value specified in following table is not to be exceeded in the amount of deflection of flexural member.
The allowable deflection of flexural member
Single, double row's scaffold calculates
Longitudinally, laterally the bending strength of horizon bar should be calculated as follows:
σ=M/W≤f
In formula
σ --- bending normal stresses；
M --- moment-curvature relationship (Nmm)
W --- section modulus (mm3)
Bending strength design value (the N/mm of f --- steel2)
Longitudinally, laterally horizon bar moment-curvature relationship should be calculated as follows:
M=1.2MGk+1.4ΣMQk
In formula:
MGk--- the moment of flexure standard value (kNm) that scaffold board self weight generates；
MQk--- the moment of flexure standard value (kNm) that construction loads generates.
Longitudinally, laterally the amount of deflection of horizon bar should meet following formula regulation:
v≤[v]
In formula:
V --- amount of deflection (mm)；
[v] --- allowable deflection.
If the amount of deflection of portraitlandscape horizon bar has exceeded allowable deflection, should be closed in the detailing requiments of most initial
In portraitlandscape horizon bar spacing reduce a grade, keep their spacing smaller, after regenerating according still further to process into
Row is to this step, until amount of deflection is less than allowable deflection.
When vertical or horizontal level is connect with upright bar, the antiskid bearing capacity of fastener should meet following formula regulation:
R≤Rc
In formula:
R --- vertical or horizontal horizon bar is transmitted to the vertical active force design value of upright bar；
Rc--- fastener resisting slipping design ultimate bearing capacity.
The stability of upright bar should be calculated according to the following formula:
When not combining wind load:
N/φA≦f
When combining wind load:
N/φA+Mw/W≦f
In formula:
N --- the axial force design value (N) of upright bar is calculated,
The coefficient of stability of φ --- axis compression member,
λ --- slenderness ratio, λ=l0/I；
l0--- computational length (mm)
I --- radius of gyration
A --- upright bar area of section (mm2)
Mw--- calculate the moment of flexure (Nmm) that upright bar section is generated by wind load design value
Compression strength design value (the N/mm of f --- steel2)
The axial force design value N for calculating upright bar section, should be calculated according to the following formula:
When not combining wind load
N=1.2 (NG1k+NG2k)+1.4ΣNQk
When combining wind load
N=1.2 (NG1k+NG2k)+0.85×1.4ΣNQk
In formula:
NG1k--- the axial force standard value that scaffolding structure self weight generates；
NG2k--- the axial force standard value that component and fitting self weight generates；
ΣNQk--- construction loads in an advance is respectively pressed in the axial force standard value summation that construction loads generates, inside and outside upright bar
1/2 value of summation.
Upright bar computational length l0It should be calculated as follows:
l0=k μ h
In formula:
K --- computational length additional coefficient, value take 1.155, when checking upright bar allows slenderness ratio, take k=1；
μ --- consider the single pole computational length coefficient of single, double scaffold monolithic stability factor
H --- step pitch.
The computational length coefficient μ of single, double row's scaffold upright rod
The upright bar section moment-curvature relationship M generated by wind loadw, it can be calculated as follows:
Mw=0.9 × 1.4Mwk=0.9 × 1.4 ωklah2/10
In formula:
Mwk--- the moment of flexure standard value (Nmm) that wind load generates；
ww--- characteristi cvalue o fwindload (kN/m2)；
la--- upright bar advance (m).
The determination at single, double row's scaffold upright rod stable calculation position should be met the following requirements:
1 when scaffold building size uses identical step pitch, upright bar advance, upright bar total departure wall-connecting piece spacing, accrued
Calculate bottom upright bar section；
2 when the step pitch of scaffold, upright bar advance, upright bar total departure wall-connecting piece spacing change, except calculating bottom upright bar
Section is outer, it is necessary to carry out to the upright bar section for the positions such as maximum step pitch or maximum upright bar advance, upright bar transfer, wall-connecting piece spacing occur
Checking computations；
Single, double row's scaffold can scaffolding height [H] should be calculated according to the following formula, and smaller value should be taken:
When not combining wind load
When combining wind load:
In formula:
[H] --- scaffold allows scaffolding height (m)；
gk--- every meter of dead load standard value (kN/m) that upright bar is born
The intensity and stabilization of wall-connecting piece rod piece should meet the requirement of following equation:
Intensity:
Stablize:
Nl=Nlw+N0
In formula:
σ --- wall-connecting piece stress value (N/mm2)；
Ac--- the net cross-sectional area (mm of wall-connecting piece2)
Gross cross-sectional area (the mm of A --- wall-connecting piece2)
Nl--- wall-connecting piece axial force design value (N)；
Nlw--- the wall-connecting piece axial force design value that wind load generates
N0--- wall-connecting piece constrains axial force caused by scaffold deformity out of plane.Single frame takes 2kN, and double frame takes
3kN)
The coefficient of stability of φ --- wall-connecting piece
Strength failure criterion (the N/mm of f --- wall-connecting piece steel2)
When the stabilized soil pavement of wall-connecting piece requires to be unsatisfactory for the requirement of specification, it should make and repair to the part of wall-connecting piece
Changing, program returns to the design part of wall connecting rod, and corresponding wall-connecting piece setting under respective conditions is found, the spacing of wall-connecting piece is reduced,
To increase the quantity of wall-connecting piece, principle is identical as amount of deflection feasible value before, until the stabilized soil pavement of wall-connecting piece is met the requirements
Until.
The calculating of full hall scaffold:
The stability of upright bar should be calculated according to the following formula:
When not combining wind load:
N/ΦA≤f
When combining wind load:
N-calculating upright bar axial force design value (N)
φ-axis compression member coefficient of stability
λ-slenderness ratio, λ=l0/I；
l0- computational length (mm)
I-radius of gyration
A-upright bar area of section (mm2)
Mw- calculate the moment of flexure (Nmm) that upright bar section is generated by wind load design value
Compression strength design value (the N/mm of f --- steel2)
The axial force design value N for calculating upright bar section, should be calculated according to the following formula:
When not combining wind load
N=1.2 (NG1K+NG2K)+1.4(∑NQK)
When combining wind load
N=1.2 (NG1K+NG2K)+0.85(∑NQK)
In formula:
NG1KThe axial force standard value that the self weight of-scaffolding structure generates；
NG1KThe axial force standard value that the self weight of-component and fitting generates；
NQKConstruction loads summation in advance is respectively pressed in the axial force standard value summation that-construction loads generates, inside and outside upright bar
1/2 exploitation.
The determination that square bar stability calculates position should be met the following requirements:
1, when full hall scaffold uses identical step pitch, upright bar advance, upright bar transfer, bottom upright bar section should be calculated；
2, when the step pitch of frame body, upright bar advance, upright bar transfer change, in addition to calculating bottom upright bar section, it is necessary to right
The upright bar section for the positions such as maximum step pitch, maximum upright bar advance, upright bar transfer occur is checked；
3, when there is Concentrated load on frame body, the maximum upright bar of stress within the scope of load after-sale service should still be calculated
Section.
The computational length of full hall scaffold upright bar should be calculated as follows:
l0=k μ h
In formula:
K-full hall scaffold upright bar computational length additional coefficient；
H-step pitch；
μ-consideration full hall scaffold monolithic stability factor single pole computational length coefficient
Full hall scaffold upright bar computational length additional coefficient
| Height H (m) | H≤20 | 20 H≤30 < | 30 H≤36 < |
| k | 1.155 | 1.191 | 1.204 |
Note: when checking upright bar allows slenderness ratio, k=1 is taken.
When the stabilized soil pavement of full hall scaffold requires to be unsatisfactory for the requirement of specification, it should which upright bar is made with bridging
Modification, program return to the design part of upright bar and bridging, find and be arranged accordingly under respective conditions, reduce the spacing of upright bar,
Reduce the tilt angle of bridging, with reduce bridging across number, achieve the purpose that increase bridging quantity, principle with scratch before
It is identical to spend feasible value, until the stabilized soil pavement of full hall scaffold is met the requirements.
Checking Ground Bearing Capacity:
Foundation bearing capacity part can be used as one and individually partially be calculated, in order to reduce operation times, when all
Stability and strength checking when all pass through, illustrate that the essential structure of scaffold has been met the requirements, at this time further according to first
Checking Ground Bearing Capacity is carried out about the relevant parameter of ground in beginning condition.
About ground in bearing capacity of foundation foundation specification " construction bowl fastening type steel pipe scaffold technical specification of security "
The content of base bearing capacity.In view of defined concrete cushion and the angle of flare of power, the bearing capacity of ground should be less than spreading it
The stress on face afterwards.The bearing capacity of needs is calculated and then is compared with the foundation capability of primary condition,
If being unsatisfactory for the requirement of bearing capacity, the concrete thickness of needs is calculated further according to the difference of the two, and in the friendship with user
Mutual interface is prompted, i.e. the advisory opinion of basement process.
Scaffold bearing capacity of foundation specific steps:
The average pressure of the upright bar bottom of foundation should meet the requirement of following formula:
PK=NK/A≤fg
In formula:
PKAverage pressure standard value (kPa) at-upright bar bottom of foundation
NK- superstructure reaches the axial force standard value (kN) of upright bar basis top surface
A-bottom of foundation area (m2)
fg- characteristic value of foundation bearing capacity (kPa)
Characteristic value of foundation bearing capacity fgValue should meet the following requirements:
When for subsoil, it should report and select by geological prospecting；When for Backfill Foundation, reply geological prospecting report
The Backfill Foundation characteristic load bearing capacity of offer is determined multiplied by reduction coefficient 0.4 by load experiment or engineering experiment；To riding upon
Scaffold in the building structure such as flooring should carry out checking of bearing capacity to the building structure of supporting frame, when not being able to satisfy carrying
It should show that user needs to take reliable reinforcement measure in user interface when force request.The requirement of the foundation bearing capacity obtained
It can be compared with the bearing capacity of actual place, the bearing capacity that insufficient part can calculate needs is how many, in final scheme
On show.
When foundation capability checking computations meet the requirements, it was demonstrated that the design of entire scaffold has been completed with checking computations, described
The scaffold structural map generation module of system can generate the knot of scaffold according to the model after the optimization that Modifying model module exports
The calculated result report that detailed each section calculates checking computations also can be generated in composition paper.According to one embodiment, calculated result report
Accusing includes load calculating process, the checking computations process of each section Force checking calculation process of final structure and foundation bearing capacity, further includes
The related opinions of basement process.The related opinions of basement process include the foundation capability in current place, needed for final structure
The foundation capability wanted.If required foundation capability is greater than the foundation capability in current place, result
The deficiency that can also show bearing capacity in report may require that the bearing capacity for reinforcing ground, while illustrate to need increased numerical value.
According to one embodiment, calculated result reports that last content is the drawing of final structure, can intuitively be shown in user
Interface on.It can generate with drawing file derived from coordinate form simultaneously, facilitate user's later stage compilation and printing drawing.
Any hardware, software or firmware can be used to realize which is not described herein again for system proposed by the present invention.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate and not limit the technical solutions of the present invention, although referring to above-described embodiment to this hair
It is bright to be described in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that: still the present invention can be modified or be waited
With replacement, without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, or any substitutions, should all cover in power of the invention
In sharp claimed range.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of scaffold automatically generates and optimization system, it is characterised in that:
It mainly includes initial conditions input module, scaffold basic model generation mould with optimization system that the scaffold, which is automatically generated,
Block, checking computations module, Modifying model module and scaffold structural map generation module；
The initial conditions input module is basic required to generate scaffold for inputting scaffold basic model generation module
The parameter of model；
The parameter that the scaffold basic model generation module is used to be inputted according to initial conditions input module generates scaffold
Basic model；
The checking computations module is for checking the basic model of the scaffold；
The Modifying model module is used to optimize the basic model of scaffold according to the checking computation results of checking computations module, obtain
Model after must optimizing；
Model after the optimization that the scaffold structural map generation module is exported according to Modifying model module generates the knot of scaffold
Composition paper.
2. scaffold according to claim 1 automatically generates and optimization system, it is characterised in that:
The parameter for generating scaffold basic model includes the size for forming the steel pipe of scaffold, the material of steel pipe spy
Property, the steel pipe maximum pressure, the scaffold that are able to bear build mode type, the size and Orientation of external loads and effect position
It sets, the base type of the quality of structural concrete unit volume, steel strand wires and dosage and will install at scaffold position
Size.
3. scaffold according to claim 2 automatically generates and optimization system, it is characterised in that:
The place size and user that the scaffold basic model generation module is used to be inputted according to initial conditions input module are selected
The scaffold design selected initializes the basic model of scaffold.
4. scaffold according to claim 3 automatically generates and optimization system, it is characterised in that:
The scaffold design includes single double-pole scaffold and full hall scaffold.
5. scaffold according to claim 4 automatically generates and optimization system, it is characterised in that:
When for single double-pole scaffold, the scaffold basic model generation module according to the high integrity of place size for applying
Work condition obtains the permission scaffolding height of scaffold, and the setting of basic wall connecting rod is obtained according to the permission scaffolding height of scaffold
Type selects the advance and transfer of upright bar according to actual load situation.
6. scaffold according to claim 5 automatically generates and optimization system, it is characterised in that:
When for full hall scaffold, the scaffold basic model generation module is used for according to initial place size and corresponding lotus
Load selects step pitch and upright bar spacing, when there is multiple selections to clash, the biggish set-up mode of spacing of being subject to.
7. scaffold according to claim 6 automatically generates and optimization system, it is characterised in that:
The checking computations include load capacity calculation and main structure Force checking calculation, wherein when the supporting member of design scaffold, according to using
The worst combination of load effect of appearance is calculated in the process, after completing load capacity calculation, uses present load pair
The main structure internal force of scaffold basic model carries out bearing capacity checking computations and Stability Checking.
8. scaffold according to claim 7 automatically generates and optimization system, it is characterised in that:
The Modifying model module is used to repair the part for being unsatisfactory for security requirement according to the checking computation results of checking computations module
Change, the checking computations module continues to check to modified model, this process is recycled, until checking computation results meet demand；
Wherein, the checking computations module checks each component part of scaffold, is unsatisfactory for security requirement when checking out
Component part when, stop the checking computations of remaining component part, the Modifying model module is immediately modified the component part,
This process is recycled, until all checking computation results meet demands.
9. scaffold according to claim 8 automatically generates and optimization system, it is characterised in that:
If the amount of deflection that the modification includes: portraitlandscape horizon bar has exceeded allowable deflection, by portraitlandscape horizon bar
Spacing reduce a grade；When the stabilized soil pavement of wall-connecting piece requires to be unsatisfactory for the requirement of specification, reduce wall-connecting piece
Spacing, to increase the quantity of wall-connecting piece；When the stabilized soil pavement of full hall scaffold requires to be unsatisfactory for requiring, reduce upright bar
Spacing reduces the tilt angle of bridging, with reduce bridging across number, increase the quantity of bridging.
10. scaffold according to claim 1 automatically generates and optimization system, it is characterised in that:
The checking computations further include Checking Ground Bearing Capacity, and first after the bearing capacity that needs are obtained according to the basic model
The foundation capability of beginning condition compares, if being unsatisfactory for the requirement of bearing capacity, calculates needs according to the difference of the two
Concrete thickness.
11. scaffold according to claim 10 automatically generates and optimization system, it is characterised in that:
The scaffold structural map generation module is also used to generate the calculated result report that detailed each section calculates checking computations, described
Calculated result report includes load calculating process, each section Force checking calculation process of final structure and the checking computations of foundation bearing capacity
Journey further includes the related opinions of basement process.
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