CN109916728B - Surrounding rock tangential stress hydraulic ram observation device and method based on stable backflow amount - Google Patents
Surrounding rock tangential stress hydraulic ram observation device and method based on stable backflow amount Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a surrounding rock tangential stress hydraulic sleeper observation device and method based on stable backflow amount, wherein the stress observation device comprises a hydraulic sleeper stress meter, a pressure converter, a high-pressure oil pump and a pressure detection device, the hydraulic sleeper stress meter is used for being installed in a rock seam of a rock body which is manufactured in advance, the hydraulic sleeper stress meter is connected with the high-pressure oil pump, and a pressure converter is arranged on a high-pressure pipeline between the hydraulic sleeper stress meter and the high-pressure oil pump; the high-pressure oil pump is used for pre-pressing the hydraulic ram stress gauge and applying pressure to the pressure converter, so that the pressure converter can push a pressure piston in the pressure converter to move under the action of the pressure, the pressure detection device is used for determining the stable backflow pressure value of the pressure converter under the action of a certain pressure, and the surrounding rock tangential stress change value of the rock body part can be determined by observing the pressure values at different periods. The method for observing the tangential stress of the surrounding rock is simple to operate and is not influenced by rock parameters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock mechanics tests, in particular to a surrounding rock tangential stress hydraulic ram observation device and method based on stable backflow.
Background
Stress testing methods have a long trend due to different testing basic principles and different requirements. In reality, the reasons for the ground stress are quite complex, and it is difficult to figure out all the factors. However, in terms of rock engineering construction, the main sources of the ground stress in the engineering rock are the self weight of the rock and various geological structure movements, and the work of actually measuring the ground stress has direct and important significance. With the progress of testing technology, testing theory and modern technology, there are hundreds of methods and technologies for measuring the earth stress in the world. The measurement contents can be roughly classified into absolute value measurement and relative value measurement according to different division standards, and the measurement contents can be classified into direct measurement and indirect measurement according to the basic principle of absolute value measurement.
Stress observation mainly determines the stress state of rock masses in different periods and belongs to stress relative value measurement. The traditional relative stress measurement methods all belong to indirect stress measurement methods, and all require the elasto-mechanical parameters of the rock mass and the like to participate in calculation. Particularly, in the excavation process of the cavern, the elastic mechanical parameters of the rock mass change along with the excavation progress, so that the observed stress change value error has a considerable influence along with the value error of the elastic mechanical parameters of the rock mass; the value of the elastic mechanical parameter of the rock mass is inaccurate, so that the stress observation value is inaccurate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a surrounding rock tangential stress hydraulic ram observation device and method based on stable backflow, belongs to a direct measurement method for stress observation, and solves the key technical problem that the surrounding rock tangential stress observation process is not influenced by rock parameters.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a surrounding rock tangential stress hydraulic sleeper observation device based on stable backflow amount comprises a hydraulic sleeper stress meter, a pressure converter, a high-pressure oil pump and a pressure detection device, wherein the hydraulic sleeper stress meter is used for being installed in a rock seam which is manufactured in advance, the hydraulic sleeper stress meter is connected with the high-pressure oil pump, and the pressure converter is arranged on a high-pressure pipeline between the hydraulic sleeper stress meter and the high-pressure oil pump; the high-pressure oil pump is used for pre-pressing the hydraulic pillow stressometer and applying pressure to the pressure converter, so that the pressure converter pushes a pressure piston in the pressure converter to move under the action of the pressure, and the pressure detection device is used for determining the stable backflow pressure value of the pressure converter under the action of a certain pressure.
Furthermore, the pressure converter comprises a box body, and a pressure piston, a return pipe and a positioning shaft which are arranged in the box body, wherein the positioning shaft is vertically arranged on the inner bottom wall of the box body, the return pipe is arranged in parallel with the positioning shaft after penetrating through the inner bottom wall of the box body, and the pressure piston is arranged on the upper parts of the positioning shaft and the return pipe in a sliding manner; the hydraulic ram stressometer communicating pipe communicated with the hydraulic ram stressometer is arranged in the upper space of the pressure piston of the box body, the pressure converter pressurizing pipe communicated with the high-pressure oil pump is arranged in the lower space of the pressure piston of the box body, and the return pipe is connected with the high-pressure oil pump through the high-pressure oil pipe.
Furthermore, the return pipe is of a tubular structure with a sealed top and a hollow interior, a through hole communicated with the inner cavity is formed in the upper portion of the return pipe, and the pressure piston can pass through the through hole when moving upwards along the return pipe and the positioning shaft.
Furthermore, the aperture cross-sectional area of the through hole is equal to the cross-sectional area of the return pipe.
Further, the pressure converter further comprises a spring arranged between the top of the pressure piston and the top of the inner wall of the box body.
Furthermore, the pressure converter also comprises a spring shaft core, the top of the spring shaft core is fixed with the top of the inner wall of the box body, and the spring is sleeved on the periphery of the spring shaft core.
Further, the pressure detection device is arranged on a high-pressure pipeline between the pressurization pipe and the high-pressure oil pump.
Further, the pressure detection device is a pressure sensor or a pressure gauge, and the pressure sensor is connected with the data acquisition instrument.
Furthermore, the hydraulic pillow stress meter is connected with the high-pressure oil pump through a pressurizing pipeline and a return pipeline, wherein a first adjustable flow valve, a pressure sensor and a pressure gauge are arranged on the pressurizing pipeline, a second adjustable flow valve is arranged on the return pipeline, and the pressure sensor and the pressure gauge are connected with the data acquisition instrument; and a third adjustable flow valve is arranged on a high-pressure pipeline between the pressurizing pipe and the high-pressure oil pump, a fourth adjustable flow valve and a flow sensor are arranged on a high-pressure oil pipe between the return pipe and the high-pressure oil pump, and the flow sensor is connected with a data acquisition instrument.
A surrounding rock tangential stress hydraulic ram observation method based on stable backflow amount is carried out by adopting the device, and the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: installing a hydraulic ram stress meter in a rock mass seam which is manufactured in advance;
step two: fixing the hydraulic ram stress gauge in a rock seam of the rock body by using mortar concrete with the elastic modulus similar to that of the rock body;
step three: after the mortar concrete is initially set, a high-pressure oil pump is used for pre-pressing the hydraulic ram stress meter, the pre-pressing value is set according to the pre-estimated initial tangential stress value, and after the pre-pressing is finished, a first adjustable flow valve and a second adjustable flow valve which are communicated with the hydraulic ram stress meter are closed, so that the interior of the hydraulic ram stress meter keeps a certain pre-pressing value;
step four: determining the initial value of the tangential stress: starting a high-pressure oil pump of the test pressurization system for pressurization, enabling pressure to enter a pressure converter through a pressurization pipe and act on a pressure piston in the pressure converter, enabling the pressure piston to move towards a direction that a spring is arranged in the pressure converter under the action of the pressure, enabling a pressurization inner cavity of the pressure converter to be communicated with a return pipe when the pressure piston moves to a through hole position on the return pipe, and enabling the return pipe to start to return; increasing the pressurizing flow by adjusting a third adjustable flow valve, wherein the pressure of a pressurizing inner cavity of the pressure converter is increased, the pressure piston continuously moves towards the direction of the spring arranged in the pressure converter until the pressure piston moves to the top end of the spring shaft core, the return pipe stably returns at the moment, a certain stable time is kept, and the pressure value measured by the pressure detection device at the moment is recorded as the initial value of the tangential stress;
step five: tangential stress observation test: and step four, recording the pressure value as a tangential stress observation value, wherein the difference value between the tangential stress observation value and the initial value of the tangential stress is the change value of the tangential stress, and the change value of the tangential stress can be measured by measuring the tangential stress observation values at different periods.
The stress state change in the same direction of the same test part at different periods can be measured, only the pressure value when the stress hydraulic sleeper stable reflux measurement test is carried out at different periods is needed to be observed, and the difference between the observed pressure value and the initial pressure value at different periods is the stress change value of the test part, so that the inaccuracy of a stress observation value caused by the inaccuracy of rock parameter values in the traditional method is avoided; meanwhile, the stress observation method is simple to operate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of a surrounding rock tangential stress hydraulic ram observation device based on stable backflow amount;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a pressure transducer in one embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1-high pressure oil pump, 2-data acquisition instrument, 3-flow sensor, 4-pressure gauge, 5-1-first pressure sensor, 5-2-second pressure sensor, 6-pressure converter, 7-1-first adjustable flow valve, 7-2-second adjustable flow valve, 7-3-third adjustable flow valve, 7-4-fourth adjustable flow valve, 8-hydraulic ram stress meter, 9-mortar concrete, 10-rock mass, 6-1-pressure converter pressurizing pipe, 6-2-positioning shaft, 6-3-box, 6-4-sealing ring, 6-5-pressure piston, 6-through hole, 6-7-reflux pipe, 6-8-spring shaft core, 6-9-spring and 6-10-hydraulic ram stress meter.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a surrounding rock tangential stress hydraulic ram observation device based on stable backflow amount, which comprises a hydraulic ram stress meter 8, a pressure converter 6, a high-pressure oil pump 1, a pressure sensor, a data acquisition instrument 2 and the like.
As shown in FIG. 2, the pressure converter 6 comprises a box 6-3, a pressure piston 6-5 arranged in the box 6-3, a return pipe 6-7, a positioning shaft 6-2, a spring 6-9 and a spring shaft core 6-8. The positioning shaft 6-2 is vertically arranged on the inner bottom wall of the box body 6-3, the return pipe 6-7 is arranged in parallel with the positioning shaft 6-2 after penetrating through the inner bottom wall of the box body 6-3, the pressure piston 6-5 is arranged on the upper portions of the positioning shaft 6-2 and the return pipe 6-7 in a sliding mode, and namely the pressure piston 6-5 can move up and down along the return pipe 6-7 and the positioning shaft 6-2. The upper part of the positioning shaft 6-2 is provided with a limiting part, such as a stepped boss, for limiting the pressure piston 6-5 and preventing the pressure piston 6-5 from continuously moving downwards. A pressure piston 6-5 vertically penetrates through a limiting hole at a certain distance from a positioning shaft 6-2, and a return pipe 6-7 penetrates through the inner bottom wall of the box body 6-3 and then extends out of the limiting hole.
And a hydraulic pillow stressmeter communicating pipe 6-10 communicated with the hydraulic pillow stressmeter 8 is arranged in the upper space of the pressure piston 6-5 of the box body 6-3. And a pressure converter pressurizing pipe 6-1 communicated with the high-pressure oil pump 1 is arranged in the space of the lower part of the pressure piston 6-5 of the box body 6-3. The return pipe 6-7 is a tubular structure with a sealed top and a hollow interior, a through hole 6-6 communicated with the inner cavity is formed in the upper portion of the return pipe, the pressure piston 6-5 can pass through the through hole 6-6 when moving upwards along the return pipe 6-7 and the positioning shaft 6-2, the aperture cross-sectional area of the through hole 6-6 is equal to the cross-sectional area of the return pipe 6-7, and stable return is formed. The bottom openings of the return pipes 6-7 are communicated with a return port of the high-pressure oil pump 1 through a pipeline.
A spring 6-9 is arranged between the top of the pressure piston 6-5 and the top of the inner wall of the box body 6-3, the spring 6-9 is sleeved on the periphery of the spring shaft core 6-8, and the top of the spring shaft core 6-8 is fixed with the top of the inner wall of the box body 6-3. The inertial movement of the pressure piston 6-5 under pressure can be reduced by the action of the spring 6-9.
And sealing rings 6-4 are arranged among a pressure piston 6-5 in the pressure converter 6, the inner wall of the box body 6-3, the positioning shaft 6-2 and the return pipe 6-7. The hydraulic ram stressometer 8 is completely isolated from the pressurizing device by a sealing ring 6-4 on a pressure piston 6-5.
The hydraulic ram stressometer 8 is connected with the high-pressure oil pump 1 through two high-pressure pipelines (a pressurization pipeline and a return pipeline), and the main purpose is to pre-press the hydraulic ram stressometer 8. Wherein, a first adjustable flow valve 7-1, a pressure sensor 5-1 and a pressure gauge 4-1 are arranged on the pressurizing pipeline, a second adjustable flow valve 7-2 is arranged on the return pipeline, and the pressure sensor 5-1 and the pressure gauge 4-1 are connected with the data acquisition instrument 2. A pressure pipe 6-1 of the pressure converter 6 is connected with the high-pressure oil pump 1 through a high-pressure pipeline, a third adjustable flow valve 7-3, a pressure sensor 5-2 and a pressure gauge 4-2 are arranged on the high-pressure pipeline between the pressure pipe 6-1 and the high-pressure oil pump 1, and the pressure sensor 5-2 is connected with the data acquisition instrument 2; a return pipe 6-7 of the pressure converter 6 is connected with the high-pressure oil pump 1 through a high-pressure oil pipe, a fourth adjustable flow valve 7-4 and a flow sensor 3 are arranged on the high-pressure oil pipe between the return pipe 6-7 and the high-pressure oil pump 1, and the flow sensor 3 is connected with the data acquisition instrument 2.
The working principle of the observation device is as follows:
the high-pressure oil pump 1 is used for pre-pressing the hydraulic ram stressometer 8 through two high-pressure pipelines, the hydraulic ram stressometer 8 is connected with the pressure converter 6 through the hydraulic ram stressometer communicating pipes 6-10, when the surface of the hydraulic ram stressometer 8 is under the action of a rock body tangential stress increment delta P, the hydraulic ram stressometer 8 is transmitted into the pressure converter 6 through hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic ram stressometer 8 and acts on the pressure piston 6-5, and the pressure piston 6-5 moves towards a pressurizing inner cavity of the pressure converter 6 under the action of the delta P. The pressurizing inner cavity of the converter 6 is pressurized through the high-pressure oil pump 1 and the pressurizing pipe 6-1 of the pressure converter, the pressure piston 6-5 returns to the initial position under the action of pressure until the pressures at the two ends of the pressure piston 6-5 are balanced, the return pipe 6-7 forms stable return flow, the pressure value (the value measured by the pressure sensor 5-2 or the value displayed by the pressure gauge 4-2) observed at the moment is the tangential stress observed value, and the difference between the observed value and the initial value is the tangential stress change value of the part.
The invention can measure the change value of the tangential stress by measuring the tangential stress observation values at different periods, mainly solves the key technical problem that the tangential stress observation process of the surrounding rock is not influenced by rock parameters, and has simple operation.
The invention also provides a surrounding rock tangential stress hydraulic ram observation method based on the stable backflow amount, which is carried out by adopting the device and comprises the following steps:
step 1: firstly, the hydraulic sleeper strain gage 8 is installed in a rock body 10 rock seam which is manufactured in advance, the hydraulic sleeper strain gage 8 is connected with the high-pressure oil pump 1 through two high-pressure pipelines (a pressurization pipeline and a return pipeline), and the main purpose is to pre-press the hydraulic sleeper strain gage 8. The pressure pipeline is provided with a first adjustable flow valve 7-1, a pressure sensor 5-1 and a pressure gauge 4-1, the return pipeline is provided with a second adjustable flow valve 7-2, and the pressure sensor 5-1 and the pressure gauge 4-1 are connected with the data acquisition instrument 2; the hydraulic pillow stressometer 8 is communicated with the hydraulic pillow stressometer communicating pipe 6-10. A pressure pipe 6-1 of the pressure converter 6 is connected with the high-pressure oil pump 1 through a high-pressure pipeline, a third adjustable flow valve 7-3, a pressure sensor 5-2 and a pressure gauge 4-2 are arranged on the high-pressure pipeline between the pressure pipe 6-1 and the high-pressure oil pump 1, and the pressure sensor 5-2 and the pressure gauge 4-2 are connected with the data acquisition instrument 2; a return pipe 6-7 of the pressure converter 6 is connected with the high-pressure oil pump 1 through a high-pressure oil pipe, a fourth adjustable flow valve 7-4 and a flow sensor 3 are arranged on the high-pressure oil pipe between the return pipe 6-7 and the high-pressure oil pump 1, and the fourth adjustable flow valve 7-4 and the flow sensor 3 are connected with the data acquisition instrument 2.
Step 2: the hydraulic ram stress meter 8 is fixed in a rock mass 10 rock seam by mortar concrete 9 with the elastic modulus similar to that of the rock mass.
And step 3: after being buried, the hydraulic sleeper stressometer 8 is subjected to the influence of hydration heat of the mortar concrete 9, and is pre-pressed after initial setting, and the pre-pressing is carried out through the high-pressure oil pump 1; the pre-pressing value is set according to the estimated initial tangential stress value, and after the pre-pressing is finished, a first adjustable flow valve 7-1 and a second adjustable flow valve 7-2 which are communicated with the hydraulic ram stress meter 8 are closed, so that a certain pre-pressing value is kept inside the hydraulic ram stress meter 8.
And 4, step 4: the initial values are determined as follows: the high-pressure oil pump 1 of the test pressurization system is started to pressurize, pressure enters the pressure converter 6 through the pressurization pipe 6-1 and acts on the pressure piston 6-5 in the pressure converter 6, and the pressure piston 6-5 moves towards the direction of a spring 6-9 arranged in the pressure converter 6 under the action of the pressure. When the pressure piston 6-5 moves to the position of the through hole 6-6 on the return pipe 6-7, the pressurizing inner cavity of the pressure converter 6 is communicated with the return pipe 6-7, and the return pipe 6-7 starts to return; increasing the pressurizing flow by adjusting a third adjustable flow valve 7-3, moving a pressure piston 6-5 continuously towards a direction of a spring 6-9 arranged in a pressure converter 6 along with the increase of the pressure of a pressurizing inner cavity of the pressure converter 6 until the pressure piston 6-5 moves to the top end of a spring shaft core 6-8 (namely, a through hole 6-6 of a return pipe 6-7 is completely communicated with the pressurizing inner cavity of the pressure converter 6), and at the moment, generating stable return flow in the return pipe 6-7 (the stable return flow can be determined according to the through hole 6-6 drift diameter of the return pipe 6-7, namely, the pressure of the pressurizing inner cavity of the pressure converter 6 and the pressure of the inner cavity of a hydraulic pillow stressometer 8 are balanced, and the pressure value at the moment is used as an initial value of tangential stress, keeping a certain stable time (more than, this pressure value can be determined by the pressure sensor 5-2 or the pressure gauge 4-2.
And 5: the procedure of the tangential stress observation test is the same as that in step 4. Recording the pressure value as a tangential stress observation value; the difference between the observed value of the tangential stress and the initial value of the tangential stress is the change value of the tangential stress. The change value of the tangential stress can be determined through the measurement of observed values of the tangential stress at different periods. After each tangential stress observation test is finished, the third adjustable flow valve 7-3 and the fourth adjustable flow valve 7-4 are closed, and a certain pressure is kept in a pressurizing inner cavity of the pressure converter 6 (the pressure value of the pressure value is lower than that of the hydraulic pillow stress meter 8).
The method is suitable for observing the tangential stress of various rock masses and belongs to the measurement of stress relative values. In the tangential stress observation process, pressure values in the stress hydraulic ram stable reflux measurement test at different periods are only observed, and the method belongs to a direct measurement method for stress observation. The traditional stress observation methods all belong to indirect stress measurement methods, and require the elastomechanics parameters and the like of rock masses in different periods to participate in calculation; particularly, in the excavation process of the cavern, the elastic mechanical parameters of the rock mass change along with the excavation progress, and the observed stress change value error has considerable influence along with the value error of the elastic mechanical parameters of the rock mass; the value of the elastic mechanical parameter of the rock mass is inaccurate, so that the stress observation value is inaccurate. The method only needs to observe the pressure values when the stress hydraulic sleeper stable reflux quantity measurement test is carried out at different periods, the difference between the observed pressure values and the initial pressure value at different periods is the stress change value of the test part, and the method belongs to a direct measurement method of stress observation, so that the inaccuracy of the stress observation value caused by the inaccuracy of rock mass parameter values in the traditional method is avoided; meanwhile, the stress observation method is simple to operate.
Details not described in this specification are within the skill of the art that are well known to those skilled in the art.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a country rock tangential stress ram observation device based on stabilize backward flow volume which characterized in that: the device comprises a hydraulic sleeper stress meter (8), a pressure converter (6), a high-pressure oil pump (1) and a pressure detection device, wherein the hydraulic sleeper stress meter (8) is used for being installed in a rock seam of a rock body (10) which is manufactured in advance, the hydraulic sleeper stress meter (8) is connected with the high-pressure oil pump (1), and the pressure converter (6) is arranged on a high-pressure pipeline between the hydraulic sleeper stress meter (8) and the high-pressure oil pump (1); the high-pressure oil pump (1) is used for pre-pressing the hydraulic pillow stressometer (8) and applying pressure to the pressure converter (6) to enable a pressure piston in the pressure converter (6) to move, and the pressure detection device is used for measuring the stable backflow of the pressure converter (6) under the action of certain pressure to determine a pressure value;
the pressure converter (6) comprises a box body (6-3), and a pressure piston (6-5), a return pipe (6-7) and a positioning shaft (6-2) which are arranged in the box body (6-3), wherein the positioning shaft (6-2) is vertically arranged on the inner bottom wall of the box body (6-3), the return pipe (6-7) is arranged in parallel with the positioning shaft (6-2) after penetrating through the inner bottom wall of the box body (6-3), and the pressure piston (6-5) is arranged on the upper parts of the positioning shaft (6-2) and the return pipe (6-7) in a sliding manner; the hydraulic pillow stressometer communicating pipe (6-10) communicated with the hydraulic pillow stressometer (8) is arranged in the upper space of the pressure piston (6-5) of the box body (6-3), the pressure converter pressurizing pipe (6-1) communicated with the high-pressure oil pump (1) is arranged in the lower space of the pressure piston (6-5) of the box body (6-3), and the return pipe (6-7) is connected with the high-pressure oil pump (1) through the high-pressure oil pipe.
2. The device for observing the tangential stress hydraulic ram of the surrounding rock based on the stable backflow amount as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the return pipe (6-7) is of a hollow tubular structure with a sealed top, a through hole (6-6) communicated with the inner cavity is formed in the upper portion of the return pipe, and the pressure piston (6-5) can pass through the through hole (6-6) when moving upwards along the return pipe (6-7) and the positioning shaft (6-2).
3. The device for observing the tangential stress hydraulic ram of the surrounding rock based on the stable backflow amount as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the aperture cross-sectional area of the through hole (6-6) is equal to the cross-sectional area of the return pipe (6-7).
4. The device for observing the tangential stress hydraulic ram of the surrounding rock based on the stable backflow amount as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the pressure converter (6) further comprises a spring (6-9) arranged between the top of the pressure piston (6-5) and the top of the inner wall of the box body (6-3).
5. The device for observing surrounding rock tangential stress hydraulic ram based on stable backflow amount as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the pressure converter (6) further comprises a spring shaft core (6-8), the top of the spring shaft core (6-8) is fixed with the top of the inner wall of the box body (6-3), and the spring (6-9) is sleeved on the periphery of the spring shaft core (6-8).
6. The device for observing the tangential stress hydraulic ram of the surrounding rock based on the stable backflow amount as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the pressure detection device is arranged on a high-pressure pipeline between the pressure converter pressurization pipe (6-1) and the high-pressure oil pump (1).
7. The device for observing surrounding rock tangential stress hydraulic ram based on stable backflow amount as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the pressure detection device is a pressure sensor or a pressure gauge, and the pressure sensor is connected with the data acquisition instrument (2).
8. The device for observing the tangential stress hydraulic ram of the surrounding rock based on the stable backflow amount as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the hydraulic pillow stress meter (8) is connected with the high-pressure oil pump (1) through a pressurizing pipeline and a return pipeline, wherein the pressurizing pipeline is provided with a first adjustable flow valve (7-1), a pressure sensor (5-1) and a pressure gauge (4-1), the return pipeline is provided with a second adjustable flow valve (7-2), and the pressure sensor (5-1) and the pressure gauge (4-1) are connected with the data acquisition instrument (2); a third adjustable flow valve (7-3) is arranged on a high-pressure pipeline between the pressure converter pressurizing pipe (6-1) and the high-pressure oil pump (1), a fourth adjustable flow valve (7-4) and a flow sensor (3) are arranged on a high-pressure oil pipe between the return pipe (6-7) and the high-pressure oil pump (1), and the flow sensor (3) is connected with the data acquisition instrument (2).
9. A method for observing surrounding rock tangential stress hydraulic rams based on stable backflow amount is characterized by being carried out by adopting the device of any one of claims 1-8, and the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: installing a hydraulic sleeper stress gauge (8) in a rock seam of a rock body (10) which is manufactured in advance;
step two: fixing the hydraulic ram stressometer (8) in a rock seam of a rock body (10) by using mortar concrete (9) with the elastic modulus similar to that of the rock body;
step three: after the mortar concrete (9) is initially set, a high-pressure oil pump (1) is used for pre-pressing the hydraulic sleeper strain gage (8), the pre-pressing value is set according to the estimated initial tangential stress value, and after the pre-pressing is finished, a first adjustable flow valve (7-1) and a second adjustable flow valve (7-2) which are communicated with the hydraulic sleeper strain gage (8) are closed, so that a certain pre-pressing value is kept in the hydraulic sleeper strain gage (8);
step four: determining the initial value of the tangential stress: starting a high-pressure oil pump (1) of a test pressurization system for pressurization, enabling pressure to enter a pressure converter (6) through a pressure converter pressurization pipe (6-1) and act on a pressure piston (6-5) in the pressure converter (6), enabling the pressure piston (6-5) to move towards the direction of a spring (6-9) arranged in the pressure converter (6) under the action of the pressure, enabling a pressurization inner cavity of the pressure converter (6) to be communicated with a backflow pipe (6-7) when the pressure piston (6-5) moves to the position of a through hole (6-6) in the backflow pipe (6-7), and enabling the backflow pipe (6-7) to start to flow back; increasing the pressurizing flow by adjusting a third adjustable flow valve (7-3), moving a pressure piston (6-5) continuously towards a direction of a spring (6-9) arranged in the pressure converter (6) along with the increase of the pressure of a pressurizing inner cavity of the pressure converter (6) until the pressure piston (6-5) moves to the top end of a spring shaft core (6-8), enabling a return pipe (6-7) to stably return at the moment, keeping a certain stable time, and recording a pressure value measured by the pressure detection device at the moment as an initial value of tangential stress;
step five: tangential stress observation test: and step four, recording the pressure value as a tangential stress observation value, wherein the difference value between the tangential stress observation value and the initial value of the tangential stress is the change value of the tangential stress, and the change value of the tangential stress can be measured by measuring the tangential stress observation values at different periods.
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