CN109914337B - Asymmetric double-pontoon type floating breakwater - Google Patents
Asymmetric double-pontoon type floating breakwater Download PDFInfo
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- CN109914337B CN109914337B CN201910244784.5A CN201910244784A CN109914337B CN 109914337 B CN109914337 B CN 109914337B CN 201910244784 A CN201910244784 A CN 201910244784A CN 109914337 B CN109914337 B CN 109914337B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of coastal engineering, in particular to an asymmetric double-pontoon floating breakwater, which comprises a front pontoon, a rear pontoon, a connecting piece and an energy dissipation piece, wherein the front pontoon and the rear pontoon are respectively and fixedly connected with two ends of the connecting piece, the connecting piece is vertically provided with the energy dissipation piece for disturbing wave motion, the energy dissipation piece increases the vertical water depth range of wave dissipation, and the surface energy of the wave is dissipated through friction and turbulence between the energy dissipation piece and a water body. The energy dissipation part is made of stainless steel pipes or glass reinforced plastics, the pontoon is made of concrete or glass reinforced plastics, the design adopts an asymmetric double-pontoon mode, the relative width of the floating breakwater is increased, the engineering cost is reduced, meanwhile, waves are reflected by the front pontoon, the waves are broken at a middle gap, the waves are reduced again by the rear pontoon, the effect of multiple reduction of the waves is achieved, the wave dissipation capacity is remarkably improved, and particularly the effect of reducing longer-period waves is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coastal engineering, in particular to an asymmetric double-pontoon type floating breakwater.
Background
The structure of the breakwater can be generally divided into heavy breakwater and light breakwater, wherein the heavy breakwater is a traditional and commonly used breakwater type, and comprises a slope dike, a straight wall dike, a hybrid dike and the like; light breakwater has been developed for decades, and various light breakwater such as a permeable dike, a floating dike, an air-jet dike, a water-jet dike and the like have been researched in combination with special requirements of engineering according to the characteristic that wave energy is concentrated on a surface layer.
Compared with the traditional breakwater, the floating breakwater can adapt to the conditions of large water depth, weak foundation, large tidal range, water exchange introduction and the like, and has wide prospect in various fields of port coastal engineering, ocean engineering, mariculture and the like. The floating breakwater can be used as a permanent or temporary building and applied to fields of protecting a deepwater harbor wharf water area, protecting an aquaculture and coastal bath water area, protecting an offshore construction site, protecting an offshore military mobile wharf water area, and being used as an offshore disaster prevention and emergency wave prevention measure and the like.
The floating breakwater is a breakwater consisting of a wave-absorbing floating body and an anchoring system. The wave-absorbing floating body consists of a box body or a floating bar with a certain draft, and the box body and the floating bar are connected with an anchor chain with one end fixed on the sea floor and float on the water surface. The wave-absorbing principle is that a floating body is used for preventing wave propagation or breaking the wave, and the wave-absorbing body floats up and down and swings back and forth under the action of the wave to interfere the water particle motion of the wave and destroy the water particle motion structure in the wave so as to achieve the purpose of absorbing wave energy.
The floating breakwater has the advantages of low construction cost, simple structure, quick construction, simple and convenient removal, small influence on water depth and geological conditions, strong seawater exchange function and the like, and is greatly concerned by the field of coastal engineering in the current practical engineering application. The conventional floating breakwater mainly utilizes buoyancy tanks to reflect incident wave energy to open sea so as to reduce transmitted waves, and is generally manufactured by steel plates or reinforced concrete and the like, and the floating breakwater has the simplest structure and the most application. However, the wave-eliminating effect of Shan Fuxiang type floating breakwater is often not ideal, especially for longer period waves, and in order to overcome the defect, a multi-pontoon type floating breakwater needs to be studied.
Therefore, research on floating breakwaters with better effects on longer-period wave reduction is a technical problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
First, the technical problem to be solved
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the asymmetric double-pontoon type floating breakwater which has good wave cutting effect on longer period waves, simple structure and cost saving, can perform multiple wave elimination and has remarkable wave elimination effect.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the main technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
the invention provides an asymmetric double-pontoon type floating breakwater, which comprises a front pontoon, a rear pontoon, a connecting piece and an energy dissipation piece, wherein two ends of the connecting piece are respectively fixedly connected with the front pontoon and the rear pontoon, and the energy dissipation piece is arranged at the lower side of the connecting piece.
According to the invention, the lengths and the widths of the front pontoon and the rear pontoon are the same, the height of the rear pontoon is smaller than that of the front pontoon, the lower edges of the front pontoon and the rear pontoon are flush, and when the asymmetric double-pontoon floating breakwater is positioned in water, the incident direction of waves is from the front pontoon to the rear pontoon.
According to the invention, the mooring device comprises a mooring chain and a sinking block, one end of the mooring chain is fixedly connected with the sinking block, the other end of the mooring chain is fixedly connected with the front pontoon or the rear pontoon respectively, the mooring chains arranged on the same pontoon are symmetrically distributed, and the mooring chains arranged on different pontoons are symmetrically distributed.
According to the invention, the length of the energy dissipation part exceeding the lower edge of the pontoon is 2/3-4/3 of the height of the front pontoon.
According to the invention, the ratio of the distance between the front pontoon and the rear pontoon to the sum of the widths of the front pontoon and the rear pontoon is 0.8-1.5.
According to the invention, the front pontoon and the rear pontoon are provided with openings for injecting water into the front pontoon and the rear pontoon to adjust the weight balance and the draft of the front pontoon and the rear pontoon.
According to the invention, the cross sections of the front pontoon and the rear pontoon are rectangular, and the front pontoon and the rear pontoon are of closed cavity structures.
According to the invention, a plurality of energy dissipation elements are uniformly arranged along the length direction of the pontoon.
According to the invention, the front pontoon and the rear pontoon are made of one or more of concrete, glass fiber reinforced plastic or fiber reinforced plastic materials.
According to the invention, anti-collision devices are symmetrically arranged on the outer sides of a front pontoon and a rear pontoon, and each anti-collision device comprises an anti-corrosion layer, a front stress steel plate layer, a stress cavity, a spring, a rear stress steel plate layer and a flexible buffer layer; the anticorrosive coating sets up in the upside and the downside in preceding atress steel sheet layer outside and atress chamber, and the interval between preceding atress steel sheet layer and the back atress steel sheet layer constitutes the atress chamber, and spring fixed connection is between preceding atress steel sheet layer and the atress steel sheet layer.
(III) beneficial effects
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the asymmetric double-pontoon type floating breakwater disclosed by the invention comprehensively utilizes the double pontoons with rectangular cross sections and the energy dissipation parts arranged between the double pontoons to interfere the movement of a water body, and has the functions of reflection energy dissipation, crushing energy dissipation and turbulence energy dissipation, so that waves are incident to the breakwater to be under multiple functions, the nonlinear effect is aggravated, the wave transmission coefficient is reduced, and the ideal wave prevention effect is achieved.
2. Compared with other floating breakwater, the asymmetric double-pontoon type floating breakwater provided by the invention adopts the asymmetric double-pontoon arrangement and the energy dissipation member arrangement, so that the material and the engineering cost can be reduced under the condition of achieving the same wave dissipation effect.
3. The asymmetric double-pontoon type floating breakwater has a simple structure, the constituent members can be prefabricated in advance, and can be assembled quickly in site construction.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a three-dimensional perspective view of an asymmetric double pontoon floating breakwater embodiment 1 of the invention;
figure 2 is a front view of an asymmetric double pontoon floating breakwater embodiment 1 of the invention;
figure 3 is a side view of an asymmetric double pontoon floating breakwater embodiment 1 of the invention;
figure 4 is a top view of an asymmetric double pontoon floating breakwater embodiment 1 of the invention;
figure 5 is a three-dimensional perspective view of an asymmetric double pontoon floating breakwater embodiment 2 of the invention;
fig. 6 is a structural diagram of a bump guard 8 of embodiment 2.
[ reference numerals description ]
1: a front pontoon; 2: a rear pontoon; 3: a connecting piece; 4: an energy dissipation member; 5: an anchor chain;
6: sinking blocks; 7: an opening;
8: an anti-collision device;
801: an anti-corrosion layer; 802: a front stressed steel plate layer; 803: a stress cavity; 804 a spring; 805: a rear stress steel plate layer; 806: a flexible buffer layer.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better explained by the following detailed description of the embodiments with reference to the drawings.
Example 1
The invention provides an asymmetric double-pontoon type floating breakwater, which comprises a front pontoon 1, a rear pontoon 2, a connecting piece 3 and an energy dissipation piece 4, wherein the front pontoon 1 and the rear pontoon 2 are fixedly connected into a whole through the connecting piece 3; the energy dissipation piece 4 is vertically arranged on the connecting piece 3, the energy dissipation piece 4 is fixedly connected with the connecting piece 3, the energy dissipation piece 4 is used for disturbing wave motion, and the energy dissipation piece 4 dissipates surface energy of waves through friction and turbulence between the energy dissipation piece 4 and a water body.
The mooring device comprises a chain 5 and a sinking block 6, one end of the chain 5 is fixedly connected with the sinking block 6, the other end of the chain 5 is fixedly connected with the front pontoon 1 and the rear pontoon 2 respectively, the chains 5 arranged on the same pontoon are symmetrically distributed, the chains 5 arranged on different pontoons are symmetrically distributed equally, the balancing weights are anchored on the seabed under the action of self gravity, and the pontoons are relatively fixed in a certain range on the sea surface through the chains.
As shown in fig. 3, the pontoon is a closed cavity structure with rectangular cross section, the width of the pontoon is B1, the height of the front pontoon 1 is h1, the height of the rear pontoon 2 is h2, the interior is hollow, the pontoon can be formed by traditional concrete casting or prefabrication of novel glass fiber reinforced plastic according to practical conditions, the energy dissipation part 4 is a stainless steel pipe or glass fiber reinforced plastic pipe with diameter D, the connecting parts 3 are respectively and vertically fixedly connected with one side surfaces of the front pontoon 1 and the rear pontoon 2, the fixed connection mode is flange connection, the anchor chains are respectively and fixedly connected with the other sides of the two pontoons and symmetrically arranged, the energy dissipation part 4 is vertically arranged on the connecting parts 3, and the energy dissipation part 4 is fixedly connected with the connecting parts 3, and the energy dissipation part 4 penetrates into seawater when in use.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the length of the energy dissipation member 4 beyond the lower edge of the pontoon is set to be H, and H is about 2/3-4/3 of the height H of the pontoon, so that the value of H is limited, because if H is less than 2/3-4/3H, a certain wave dissipation effect cannot be achieved, but materials are wasted; if H is more than 2/3-4/3H, the manufacturing cost is increased, so that the cost performance of H should be highest within the range of 2/3-4/3H, and meanwhile, H should be specifically valued according to the conditions of different water areas and the wave-absorbing requirements.
The length of the connecting piece 3 can be changed according to different wave-absorbing requirements, and as shown in fig. 4, the length of the connecting piece 3 is set as B1, and the length of the B1 can be changed according to different wave-absorbing requirements.
Preferably, the lengths of the front pontoon 1 and the rear pontoon 2 are the same, the widths of the front pontoon 1 and the rear pontoon 2 are the same, and the lower edges of the front pontoon 1 and the rear pontoon 2 are flush, and when in use, the front pontoon 1 is contacted with waves earlier than the rear pontoon 2, that is, the incident direction of the waves is from the front pontoon 1 to the rear pontoon 2, as shown in fig. 1.
Preferably, the ratio of the distance between the front pontoon 1 and the rear pontoon 2 to the sum of the widths of the front pontoon 1 and the rear pontoon 2 is 0.8-1.5.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, a plurality of connection members 3 are uniformly provided between the front pontoon 1 and the rear pontoon 2 in the longitudinal direction of the breakwater unit.
Preferably, the front pontoon 1 and the rear pontoon 2 are provided with openings 7, the openings 7 are used for injecting water into the front pontoon 1 and the rear pontoon 2 to adjust the weight balance of the front pontoon 1 and the rear pontoon 2 and the draft thereof, alternatively, seawater can be directly injected into the front pontoon 1 and the rear pontoon 2 through the openings 7, the sea water is convenient and economical, thereby meeting the requirements of different sea conditions on the draft, and the attention is paid that the volume of the rear pontoon 2 is smaller than that of the front pontoon 1, and the weight of the rear pontoon, namely the added water, is larger than that of the front pontoon, so that the balance can be ensured and the overturning is prevented.
Alternatively, a pattern or holes may be provided on the surface of the energy dissipater 4 to increase the roughness of the surface of the energy dissipater 4, further increasing the ability of the energy dissipater 4 to dissipate wave energy.
Preferably, the floating breakwater surface is coated with a seawater corrosion-preventing paint, and further, a proper amount of alkaline substances are added into the paint to enable the Ph value to reach 8.5-10.5, so that marine organisms are prevented from adhering.
Example 2
The embodiment is slightly modified on the basis of the above embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 5, specifically, anti-collision devices 8 are symmetrically arranged on the outer sides of the front pontoon 1 and the rear pontoon 2, and the anti-collision devices 8 comprise an anti-corrosion layer 801, a front stress steel plate layer 802, a stress cavity 803, a spring 804, a rear stress steel plate layer 805 and a flexible buffer layer 806.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the internal structure of the anti-collision device 8 is shown, the anti-corrosion layer 801 is arranged on the outermost surface of the anti-collision device 8, that is, the anti-corrosion layer 801 is arranged on the outer side of the front stress steel plate layer 802 and the upper side and the lower side of the stress cavity 803, so as to prevent corrosion of seawater, the stress cavity 803 is formed by the interval between the front stress steel plate layer 802 and the rear stress steel plate layer 805, and the spring 804 is fixedly connected between the front stress steel plate layer 802 and the stress steel plate layer 805.
Since the side (i.e. the side where the rear stress steel plate layer 805 is located) of the front pontoon 1/rear pontoon 2, which is tightly connected with the anti-collision device 8, can be regarded as coplanar, the side is not provided with an anti-corrosion layer, during the stress process of the anti-collision device, the front stress steel plate layer 802 is firstly impacted by external force and then is transmitted to the spring 804, the spring 804 is arranged in the stress cavity 803, the spring 804 transmits the received force to the rear stress steel plate layer 805, and makes simple harmonic motion between the front stress steel plate layer 802 and the rear stress steel plate layer 805, the rear stress steel plate layer 805 finally transmits the residual force to the flexible buffer layer 806, the flexible buffer layer 806 absorbs energy to protect the front pontoon 1/rear pontoon 2, the whole anti-collision device 8 plays a role of preventing damage caused by foreign object impact to the front pontoon 1/rear pontoon 2, and the service life can be greatly prolonged.
Preferably, the material of the flexible buffer layer is sponge, rubber or other material with energy absorption function.
Principle of operation
The general floating breakwater has poor effect of reducing longer period waves, and increasing the relative width of the floating breakwater is a main way of improving the effect of reducing longer period waves, and the relative width is defined as follows:
B L ＝B/L W (1)
wherein B is L Is of relative width, B is the overall width of the breakwater, L W Is the wavelength of the ocean wave.
At sea wave wavelength L W Under uncontrollable conditions, in order to improve the effect of reducing longer period waves, the width B of the floating breakwater structure can only be increased, but the increase of the width of the floating breakwater structure can bring about sharp increase of the manufacturing cost, and the stress of an anchor chain can also be increased, so that the safety and reliability of the breakwater are reduced.
The invention adopts the form of double pontoons, improves the width of the breakwater, and because the front pontoon 1 and the rear pontoon 2 are connected through the connecting piece 3, as shown in figure 4, the distance B2 between the front pontoon 1 and the rear pontoon 2 is filled by the connecting piece 3 instead of the same material as the pontoon, thus greatly reducing the engineering cost, and simultaneously, compared with the simple increase of the width of the breakwater, the stress of the anchor chain is relatively smaller.
Another related study shows that the transmission coefficient of general floating breakwater is less than 0.5, the relative width B is required L More than 0.3 is required, and the transmission coefficient is defined as follows:
K t ＝H t /H i (2)
wherein K is t For transmission coefficient, H t To transmit wave height behind dykes, H i Is the incident wave height in front of the dyke.
Therefore, as can be seen from the formula (2), the smaller the transmission coefficient is, the better the wave-attenuating effect is.
According to the invention, as the energy dissipation part 4 is arranged at the connecting part 3, the vertical wave-dissipation water depth range is enlarged by the energy dissipation part 4, and researches and related experiments of wave theory show that wave energy is concentrated on the surface layer of a water body, 98% of total wave energy is concentrated in the water depth range with triple wave height below the water surface, and the arrangement of the energy dissipation part 4 can enable incident waves to generate turbulent jet flow so as to achieve the effect of disturbing wave motion, and the effect of consuming surface wave energy through friction and turbulence between the energy dissipation part and the water body is achieved, so that the effect of greatly reducing wave energy can be achieved.
Further, the wave transmission coefficient K t Will vary with the relative spacing of the dual pontoons, which is defined as:
J＝B2/2B1 (3)
wherein: j is the relative distance between the double buoyancy tanks; b2 is the distance between the front pontoon 1 and the rear pontoon 2; b1 is the width of a single buoyancy tank, since the two buoyancy tanks are the same width, here B1 is directly denoted the width of the buoyancy tank itself.
When other conditions are unchanged and j=0.8-1.5, the wave transmission coefficient K is the same t Smaller, the wave eliminating effect of the double buoyancy tanks is best. Thus, the relative spacing j=0.8 to 1.5 of the double pontoon of the invention is preferred.
Because the buoyancy tank type floating breakwater mainly reduces waves by reflecting waves, the wave facing surface of the structure reflects part of wave energy to the open sea, and the energy of transmitted waves is reduced. The invention adopts the front pontoon and the rear pontoon to doubly resist the waves, when the waves are smaller, the waves can be blocked by the front pontoon 1, the phenomenon that the waves pass the front pontoon 1 is avoided, but when the waves are larger, the front pontoon 1 can not completely resist the waves, the waves pass the front pontoon 1 and reach the rear pontoon 2, and at the moment, the rear pontoon 2 can secondarily cut the waves, so that the energy of the waves is greatly reduced.
In practice, the triple wave-eliminating effect is achieved by not only double wave-eliminating effects, namely, triple wave-eliminating effects of the front pontoon 1, the rear pontoon 2 and the energy-dissipating member 4. When the waves are bigger and overtopping occurs, the front pontoon 1 reflects the waves and breaks the motion track of the waves to reduce the energy of the waves, namely the first heavy waves are eliminated; secondly, the gap between the front pontoon 1 and the rear pontoon 2 can generate the effect of crushing waves, and the energy dissipation part 4 arranged on the connecting piece 3 increases the vertical water depth range of the waves, so that the waves generate turbulent jet flow at the densely distributed energy dissipation part 4, the movement of the waves is disturbed, and the energy of the surface waves is dissipated through the friction and turbulent fluctuation between the energy dissipation part 4 and the water body, namely the second heavy waves are eliminated; finally, the wave is further cut down by the rear pontoon 2, which is the third triple wave dissipation, so that the triple wave dissipation effect is achieved.
The triple lines of defense simultaneously act, wave eliminating effect is greatly improved, meanwhile, as phase difference can be generated between incident waves and waves passing through the breakwater, the generated phase difference counteracts the incident waves to a certain extent, a certain reduction effect is generated on the incident waves, and the arrangement of the front pontoon 1 and the rear pontoon 2 is equivalent to the generation of two phase differences, so that the wave eliminating effect is further improved.
Because of triple wave elimination, the invention further arranges the front pontoon 1 and the rear pontoon 2 asymmetrically, thus engineering materials can be further reduced on the basis of achieving the same wave elimination effect, the front pontoon 1 plays a main role of wave elimination, a higher height is required to be arranged, waves are sufficiently reduced under the role of the front pontoon 1, if the rear pontoon 2 is arranged to be exactly the same as the front pontoon 1, the waste of materials can be caused, more rear pontoons 2 are used as a supplement, the wave elimination effect is improved for increasing the breakwater width, and the role of the energy elimination member 4 is added, the rear pontoon 2 is arranged to be lower in height, so the requirements can be met, the length and the width of the rear pontoon 2 are kept consistent with the front pontoon 1, the height of the rear pontoon 2 is smaller than the front pontoon 1, the engineering cost is further reduced on the premise that the wave elimination requirement can be completely guaranteed, as shown in fig. 3, the height h2 of the rear pontoon 2 is smaller than the height h1 of the front pontoon 1.
Optionally, the energy dissipation members 4 with different lengths and numbers can be flexibly adopted to adapt to different wave conditions, so that different wave dissipation requirements can be more economically achieved, as shown in fig. 3, the distance between the energy dissipation members 4 is b, the length of the energy dissipation members 4 exceeding the lower edge of the pontoon is H, if the density of the energy dissipation members 4 is increased along with the decrease of b, the wave dissipation performance is improved along with the increase of H, namely the length of the energy dissipation members 4The wave-absorbing performance is also improved, such as setting the spacing of the steel pipes to b when in certain areas with higher wave-absorbing requirements 1 Steel pipes of length L, but in the region of low requirements for wave cancellation, the spacing between the steel pipes can be set to be 3/2b 1 (i.e. greater than the preceding b 1 ) In order to reduce the density of the energy dissipater 4 to a length of 2/3L (i.e. less than the previous L, but with a length as much as possible chosen within the range of the previous claims, H should be between 2/3 and 4/3H), the spacing and length do not need to be changed simultaneously, which may cause an excessive drop in the wave dissipating effect.
The following formula can be obtained by using linear wave theory:
wherein: k (k) t Is the wave transmission coefficient; k (k) i The wave number is the reciprocal of the wavelength of the incident wave; b is the structure width (m); d is structural draft (m); d is the water depth (m).
As can be seen from equation (4), when k i The greater B, k at d is fixed t The smaller D, the larger k t The smaller the structure is, the wider the structure is, the smaller the wave transmission coefficient is, and the better the wave cutting effect is; and as can be seen from the formula (4), under different wave heights and wave periods, the wave transmission coefficient of the floating breakwater is reduced along with the increase of the relative water entering depth of the buoyancy tank, so that the openings 7 arranged on the front pontoon and the rear pontoon are preferred, water is added into the front pontoon and the rear pontoon through the openings 7 to adjust the draft of the floating breakwater, and the overall draft of the floating breakwater is increased, so that the wave transmission coefficient is further reduced, and the wave absorption performance of the floating breakwater is improved to a certain extent.
Meanwhile, since the front pontoon 1 and the rear pontoon 2 are asymmetrically arranged, the rear pontoon 2 has smaller volume than the front pontoon 1, and when the material densities are the same, the weight of the rear pontoon 2 is smaller than that of the front pontoon 1, so that the front pontoon 1 and the rear pontoon 2 are unstable due to unbalanced weight, and therefore, the weight balance of the front pontoon 1 and the rear pontoon 2 is also necessary to be adjusted by adding water into the arranged opening 7.
In addition, the front pontoon 1 and the rear pontoon 2 of the invention are both of closed cavity structures, thus the arrangement of the matched openings 7 can further enhance the clipping capacity of the floating breakwater, in particular, the closed cavity structures can weaken the radiation wave induced by wave motion after being added with water, the water in the buoyancy tank shakes along with the motion of the floating breakwater, so that a force exists in the breakwater to resist the external wave force, the motion amplitude of the breakwater and the forced vibration caused by waves are reduced, the wave transmission coefficient is further reduced, and the wave absorption performance of the breakwater is further enhanced.
The asymmetric double-pontoon type floating breakwater disclosed by the invention comprehensively utilizes the double pontoons with rectangular cross sections and the energy dissipation parts 4 arranged between the double pontoons to interfere the movement of a water body, and gives consideration to reflection energy dissipation, crushing energy dissipation and turbulence energy dissipation, waves are incident to the breakwater under multiple actions, the nonlinear effect is aggravated, the wave transmission coefficient is reduced, and the ideal breakwater effect is achieved.
It should be understood that the above description of the specific embodiments of the present invention is only for illustrating the technical route and features of the present invention, and is for enabling those skilled in the art to understand the present invention and implement it accordingly, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described specific embodiments. All changes or modifications that come within the scope of the appended claims are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (7)
1. An asymmetric double-pontoon type floating breakwater is characterized in that:
comprises a front pontoon (1), a rear pontoon (2), a connecting piece (3) and an energy dissipation piece (4);
the two ends of the connecting piece (3) are fixedly connected with the front pontoon (1) and the rear pontoon (2) respectively;
the energy dissipation part (4) is arranged at the lower side of the connecting part (3);
the lengths and the widths of the front pontoon (1) and the rear pontoon (2) are the same, the height of the rear pontoon (2) is smaller than that of the front pontoon (1), and the lower edges of the front pontoon (1) and the rear pontoon (2) are flush;
when the asymmetric double-pontoon floating breakwater is positioned in water, the incident direction of waves is from the front pontoon (1) to the rear pontoon (2);
anti-collision devices (8) are symmetrically arranged on the outer sides of the front pontoon (1) and the rear pontoon (2), each anti-collision device (8) comprises an anti-corrosion layer (801), a front stress steel plate layer (802), a stress cavity (803), a spring (804), a rear stress steel plate layer (805) and a flexible buffer layer (806);
the anti-corrosion layer (801) is arranged on the outer side of the front stress steel plate layer (802) and the upper side and the lower side of the stress cavity (803), the stress cavity (803) is formed by the interval between the front stress steel plate layer (802) and the rear stress steel plate layer (805), and the spring (804) is fixedly connected between the front stress steel plate layer (802) and the stress steel plate layer (805);
the front pontoon (1) and the rear pontoon (2) are respectively provided with an opening (7) for injecting water into the front pontoon (1) and the rear pontoon (2) to adjust the weight balance of the front pontoon (1) and the rear pontoon (2) and the draft thereof.
2. An asymmetric double-pontoon floating breakwater according to claim 1, wherein:
the mooring device comprises a mooring chain (5) and a sinking block (6), one end of the mooring chain (5) is fixedly connected with the sinking block (6), the other end of the mooring chain (5) is fixedly connected with the front pontoon (1) or the rear pontoon (2), the mooring chains (5) arranged on the same pontoon are symmetrically distributed, and the mooring chains (5) arranged on different pontoons are equally symmetrically distributed.
3. An asymmetric double pontoon floating breakwater according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein:
the length of the energy dissipation part (4) exceeding the lower edge of the pontoon is 2/3-4/3 of the height of the front pontoon (1).
4. An asymmetric double-pontoon floating breakwater according to claim 3, wherein:
the ratio of the distance between the front pontoon (1) and the rear pontoon (2) to the sum of the widths of the front pontoon (1) and the rear pontoon (2) is 0.8-1.5.
5. An asymmetric double-pontoon floating breakwater according to claim 1, wherein:
the cross sections of the front pontoon (1) and the rear pontoon (2) are rectangular, and the front pontoon (1) and the rear pontoon (2) are of closed cavity structures.
6. An asymmetric double-pontoon floating breakwater according to claim 1, wherein:
a plurality of energy dissipation parts (4) are uniformly arranged along the length direction of the pontoon.
7. An asymmetric double-pontoon floating breakwater according to claim 1, wherein:
the front pontoon (1) and the rear pontoon (2) are made of one or more of concrete, glass fiber reinforced plastic or fiber reinforced plastic materials.
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| CN110878548A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-03-13 | 贵州省水利水电勘测设计研究院 | Reservoir landslide surge energy dissipation device and surge propagation rule testing method |
| CN111058418A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-04-24 | 滁州欣皓工程技术有限公司 | Combined air bag floating breakwater and construction method thereof |
| CN113897903B (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-07-19 | 江苏科技大学 | Floating wave absorbing device and wave absorbing dike |
| CN115110474A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-27 | 中国交通建设股份有限公司 | Wave dissipation dam and wave dissipation dam system |
| CN115323979B (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2023-04-21 | 江苏科技大学 | Adjustable floating breakwater system of self-adaptation wave |
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