CN109913975A - A kind of preparation method of antistatic fiber, fabric and antistatic fiber - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of antistatic fiber, fabric and antistatic fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN109913975A CN109913975A CN201910079777.4A CN201910079777A CN109913975A CN 109913975 A CN109913975 A CN 109913975A CN 201910079777 A CN201910079777 A CN 201910079777A CN 109913975 A CN109913975 A CN 109913975A
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Abstract
The present invention provides the production methods of a kind of antistatic fiber and the antistatic fiber, the component of the antistatic fiber includes polymer and additive, wherein, the polymer includes polyester, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and dimethyl silicone polymer, and the additive includes antistatic agent.The present invention also provides a kind of antistatic fabric, the antistatic fiber is contained in yarn.Antistatic fiber of the present invention, fabric antistatic performance effectively reinforced, and there is lasting antistatic performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparations of textile technology field more particularly to a kind of antistatic fiber, fabric and antistatic fiber
Method.
Background technique
Synthetic fibers are due to its hydrophobicity, and friction will cause the accumulation of charge under dry environment, voltage up to 10kV with
On.Therefore, the clothes of synthetic fabrics, if skirt is burdened in walking, are undressed often because bringing inconvenience with electrostatic
When generate spark, clothes is easy to the problems such as adsorbing dust.In the environment for being scattered with dangerous material, fiber electrostatic is also possible to cause fire
Calamity explosion accident.Therefore, antistatic fiber and fabric (antistatic clothing) have become the problem of being related to national economy.
There are mainly two types of the processing methods of traditional antistatic fiber.The first processing method is added to fabric surface
Work keeps textile highly hygroscopic in the antistatic agent or metal cation class antistatic agent of fabric coating surface activating agent class
Property or high conductivity are to eliminate electrostatic.Antistatic agent auxiliary agent of the textile that the method obtains during arrangement by being added
Improve the regain of fabric, insulating properties reduce, and accelerate electrostatic let out it is scattered.And the antistatic agent being added during final finishing is being knitted
Object through a long time dress or repeatedly washing after be easy to fall off from the surface of fiber, make anti-static effect reduction cause to prevent it is quiet
Electrical property can not be kept for a long time.
Second method is to add conductive base in synthetic fibers high molecular material, this conductive base is mostly surface-active
After the antistatic agent of agent class, melting or dissolution, by spinning finishing process, conductive base can be diffused into the surface of fiber, shape
At a kind of semipermanent anti-static fabric.The textile that such method obtains equally has static electricity resistance not durable and not washable
The problem of washing.Simultaneously as the molecular weight of high molecular antistatic agent is higher and is unfavorable for fiber surface movement, in order to reach
Certain anti-static effect needs to increase its additive amount, and the probability that can just make polymer electrolyte electrostatic agent appear in fiber surface increases
Add, and this results in the reduction of fiber physical property such as intensity and the raising of cost of material.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of fibers with permanent anti-static effect, face
The preparation method of material and antistatic fiber, antistatic fiber, fabric are easy to process, advantageously reduce processing cost, and wear
It is comfortable.
The following technical solution is employed by the present invention:
A kind of antistatic fiber, component include polymer and additive, wherein the polymer includes polyester, polyamides
Amine, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and dimethyl silicone polymer, the additive include antistatic agent.
It is highly preferred that the polymer further includes one or more of polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane.
In an advantageous embodiment, the antistatic agent is anti-for cationic antistatic agent, anion antistatic, nonionic
One or more of electrostatic agent, both sexes antistatic agent, polymer electrolyte antistatic agent.
In an advantageous embodiment, the cationic antistatic agent is quaternary ammonium salt, ammonium salt, alkyl amino acid antistatic agent
One or more of.
In an advantageous embodiment, the quaternary ammonium salt antistatic agent is alkyl tertiary amine chloride, alkyl tertiary amine nitric acid
One or more of salt, alkyl tertiary amine sulfuric acid, alkyl tertiary amine phosphate antistatic agent.
In an advantageous embodiment, the anion antistatic agent be alkylsulfonate, sulfate, sulfate derivative,
One or more of higher fatty acid salt, carboxylate antistatic agent.
In an advantageous embodiment, the nonionic antistatic agent is macrogol ester, polyoxyethylene deriv, sorb
One or more of sugar alcohol, glycollic amide, polyol esters of fatty acids, fatty amine ethyoxyl ether antistatic agent.
In an advantageous embodiment, the antistatic agent is C1-C6 alkyl-sulfonic acid alkali metal salt；Preferably methyl
Sodium sulfonate.
Take a fancy in a kind of preferred embodiment, the additive can also include conducting medium.
In an advantageous embodiment, the conducting medium be graininess, particle size≤1000nm, preferably 10nm~
500nm, more preferably 50nm~200nm.
In an advantageous embodiment, the conducting medium is one of electric conductor, semiconductor material or several
Combination.
In an advantageous embodiment, the conductive material is one of silver, copper, aluminium, tin, iron, graphite etc. or several
Kind.
In an advantageous embodiment, the semiconductor material is elemental semiconductors, inorganic compound semiconductor material
One of material or organic compound semiconductor material or several combinations.
In an advantageous embodiment, the elemental semiconductors are to appoint in silicon, germanium, selenium, boron, tellurium, antimony, graphene etc.
Meaning is one or more of.
In an advantageous embodiment, the inorganic compound semiconductor material is GaAs, phosphorus phosphide, antimony are pluged with molten metal, carbon
One of SiClx, cadmium sulfide and gallium arsenic silicon or several combinations.
In an advantageous embodiment, the organic compound semiconductor material is phthalocyanine, polyacetylene, polyaniline, poly- pyrrole
One or more of cough up.
It in an advantageous embodiment, further include surfactant in the additive.
Preferably, the surfactant is cationic surfactant, anionic surfactant, non-ionic surface are lived
One or more of property agent, amphoteric surfactant.
Preferably, the anionic surfactant is metal carboxylate, sulfuric ester salt, Sulfonates, phosphates
The one or more of surfactant.
Preferably, the cationic surfactant is amine salt, the one or more of quaternary ammonium salt surface active agent.
Preferably, the amphoteric surfactant is the one or more of amino acid pattern, betaine type amphoteric surfactant.
In an advantageous embodiment, the additive further includes expanding material.
In an advantageous embodiment, the number-average molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol be 300~2000, preferably 500~
1000, more preferably 600~800.
In an advantageous embodiment, the number-average molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol is 15000~20000.
In an advantageous embodiment, the additive, further include one of pigment, dyestuff, plasticizer, preservative or
It is several.
In an advantageous embodiment, the percentage of the antistatic fiber total weight shared by the polymer be 60%~
98%；Preferably 70%~95%；More preferably 75%~90%.
In an advantageous embodiment, the antistatic agent account for the antistatic fiber total weight percentage be 1%~
20%, preferably 1%~15%；Preferably 3~8%.
In more preferred embodiment, the antistatic fiber includes: 70~80 parts of polyester according to parts by weight, polyamide
10~15 parts, 1~5 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 2~4 parts of polyethylene glycol, 2~8 parts of sodium methanesulfonate.
In a kind of more preferred embodiment, the antistatic fiber, fibre fractionation includes: polyester 70 according to parts by weight
~80 parts, 10~15 parts of polyamide, 3~8 parts of conductive black, 1~5 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 2~4 parts of polyethylene glycol, sodium methanesulfonate
2~8 parts, 1~4 part of dimethyl silicone polymer.
In an advantageous embodiment, the antistatic fiber, breaking strength is 2cN/dtex~10cN/dtex, excellent
It is selected as 3cN/dtex~8cN/dtex.
The present invention also provides a kind of production methods of antistatic fiber, comprising:
(1) fiber each component is mixed；
(2) melt spinning obtains fiber.
In an advantageous embodiment, the production method of the antistatic fiber, fiber each component can be mixed first, then
Melting；Each composition in addition to conducting medium particle can also be melted respectively, then by the fusant of each component and conductive
Grain mixing.
In an advantageous embodiment, the production method of the antistatic fiber, first heats polymer, and keeps one
Set time obtains fusant, is then added to antistatic agent, surfactant, conducting medium and/or solubilizer described molten
Melt in object, mixes.
In an advantageous embodiment, the production method of the antistatic fiber, polymer first be heated to melting, and
It is kept for a set time, obtains fusant；Then antistatic agent and conducting medium are added in solubilizer, after mixing, are added
Into the fusant.
In an advantageous embodiment, the production method of the antistatic fiber, it is first that polyester, polyamide and part is poly-
Dimethyl siloxane mixing, is heated to melting, and is kept for a set time, obtains fusant；Then by antistatic agent and conduction
Media particle is added in polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol, after mixing, is added in the fusant；Spinned fiber, then
It is impregnated with remaining dimethyl silicone polymer from fiber surface, after dry, obtains antistatic fiber.
In an advantageous embodiment, the set time is 10min~40min；Preferably 20~30min；More preferably
For 25min.
In an advantageous embodiment, it is thin to form melt to squeeze out fusant by spinneret orifice for the melt spinning
Stream, melt stream cooling solidification in cryostat form fiber by drawing-off.
Take a fancy in a kind of preferred embodiment, the cryostat is air or water.
In an advantageous embodiment, the diameter of the spinneret orifice be 0.05mm~0.6mm, preferably 0.1mm~
0.4mm。
In an advantageous embodiment, the extruded velocity is 1m/min~50m/min, preferably 5m/min~20m/
min。
In an advantageous embodiment, the draft speed is 500m/min~5000m/min；Preferably 900m/min~
4000m/min。
The present invention also provides a kind of antistatic fabric, the antistatic fiber is contained in yarn.
The present invention also provides a kind of protective articles, such as antistatic clothing, the protective articles includes the antistatic fabric,
Or it is made of the antistatic fabric.
In an advantageous embodiment, the antistatic fabric is shuttle-woven fabric, is contained in warp thread and/or weft yarn described
Antistatic fiber.
In an advantageous embodiment, the shuttle-woven fabric, institutional framework are plain weave, twill-weave, satin weave group
Knit and alternative construction in any one.
In an advantageous embodiment, the antistatic fabric is knitting fabric, contains the antistatic fibre in yarn
Dimension.
In an advantageous embodiment, the knitting fabric is Weft Knitted Shell Fabric or warp-knitted face fabric.
In an advantageous embodiment, the knitting fabric is with one or several one threads simultaneously along the cross of fabric
To sequentially forming coil by knitting needle, and formed in longitudinal mutually string set.
Take a fancy in a kind of preferred embodiment, the knitting fabric, is being longitudinally formed one by one along fabric with an one thread
Coil is formed by the mutual snare of adjacent windings.
Antistatic fiber provided by the invention, fabric, antistatic performance is effectively reinforced, and experimental result is shown,
Antistatic fiber provided by the invention, fabric have lasting antistatic performance.
Specific embodiment
Antistatic fiber provided by the invention, including polymers and additive, wherein polymer is polyester, polyamide 6, gathers
Amide 66, polypropylene be fine, one or more of polyurethane, and additive includes antistatic agent.
Embodiment 1 (EX1)
The parts by weight of antistatic fiber each component are as follows: 80 parts of polyester PET, 10 parts of polyamide (nylon66 fiber), conductive black
5 parts of particle, 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 3 parts of polyethylene glycol, 5 parts of sodium methanesulfonate, 3 parts of dimethyl silicone polymer.
The particle size of conductive black is 100nm, and the number-average molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol is 16000, and the number of polyethylene glycol is equal
Molecular weight is 700.
Antistatic fiber the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Step 1
First polyester, polyamide are gathered, dimethyl siloxane mixing, is heated to melting, and keep 25min, obtains fusant；
Then conductive black particle and sodium methanesulfonate are added in polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol, after mixing, are added to described molten
Melt in object.
Step 2
Fusant is squeezed out by spinneret orifice by above-mentioned, forms melt stream, orifice diameter 0.2mm, extruded velocity
For 15m/min, melt stream cooling solidification in air, through drawing-off, draft speed 800m/min obtains antistatic fiber.
A kind of antistatic fabric, is formed by warp and weft interweaving, and warp and weft is made by above-mentioned antistatic fiber for raw material,
Filling yarn density is 50D, and weft yarn density is 50D, and fabric tissue is plain weave, specification 50D*50D*300T, grammes per square metre 70g
g/m2。
Embodiment 2 (EX2)
The parts by weight of antistatic fiber each component are as follows: 70 parts of polyester PBT, polyamide (nylon66 fiber) is 10 parts, conductive charcoal
5 parts of black particle, 3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 2 parts of polyethylene glycol, 7 parts of sodium methanesulfonate, 2 parts of dimethyl silicone polymer.
The particle size of conductive black is 150nm, and the number-average molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol is 20000, and the number of polyethylene glycol is equal
Molecular weight is 600.
Antistatic fiber the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Step 1
First polyester, polyamide and dimethyl silicone polymer are mixed, is heated to melting, and keep 20min, be melted
Object；Then conductive black particle and sodium methanesulfonate are added in polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol, after mixing, are added to described
In fusant.
Step 2
Fusant is squeezed out by spinneret orifice by above-mentioned, forms melt stream, orifice diameter 0.3mm, extruded velocity
For 20m/min, melt stream cooling solidification in air, through drawing-off, draft speed 1000m/min obtains antistatic fiber.
A kind of antistatic fabric, is formed by warp and weft interweaving, and warp thread is 70D ordinary polyester long filament, and weft yarn is by above-mentioned
Antistatic fiber is yarn made from raw material, thread density 75D.Fabric tissue is 1/2 twill, specification 70D*75D*
260T, grammes per square metre 95g/m2。
Embodiment 3 (EX3)
The parts by weight of antistatic fiber each component are as follows: 75 parts of polyester PET, polyamide (nylon 6) is 10 parts, conductive charcoal
4 parts of black particle, 1 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 4 parts of polyethylene glycol, 7 parts of sodium methanesulfonate, 2 parts of dimethyl silicone polymer.
The particle size of conductive black is 100nm, and the number-average molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol is 18000, and the number of polyethylene glycol is equal
Molecular weight is 700.
Antistatic fiber the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Step 1
First polyester PET, polyamide, dimethyl silicone polymer are mixed, is heated to melting, and keep 30min, be melted
Object；Then conductive black particle and sodium methanesulfonate are added in polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol, after mixing, are added to described
In fusant.
Step 2
Fusant is squeezed out by spinneret orifice by above-mentioned, forms melt stream, orifice diameter 0.2mm, extruded velocity
For 30m/min, melt stream cooling solidification in air, through drawing-off, draft speed 1200m/min obtains antistatic fiber.
The breaking strength of resulting antistatic fiber is 3.9cN/dtex.
A kind of antistatic fabric goes here and there by yarn bends lopping and mutually to be knitted fabric and covers and formed, the yarn is by upper
The short fibre obtained after antistatic fiber cutting is stated to be made.Thread density is 100D, and fabric is rib construction, and fabric grammes per square metre is 220g
g/m2。
Embodiment 4 (EX4)
The parts by weight of antistatic fiber each component are as follows: 80 parts of polyester PET, 10 parts of polyamide (nylon66 fiber), conductive black
5 parts of particle, 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 3 parts of polyethylene glycol, 5 parts of sodium methanesulfonate, 3 parts of dimethyl silicone polymer.
The particle size of conductive black is 100nm, and the number-average molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol is 16000, and the number of polyethylene glycol is equal
Molecular weight is 700.
Antistatic fiber the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Step 1
First polyester PET, polyamide, 5 parts of dimethyl silicone polymers are mixed, is heated to melting, and keep 30min, obtain
Fusant；Then conductive black particle and sodium methanesulfonate are added in polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol, after mixing, are added to
In the fusant.
Step 2
Fusant is squeezed out by spinneret orifice by above-mentioned, forms melt stream, orifice diameter 0.2mm, extruded velocity
For 25m/min, melt stream cooling solidification in air, through drawing-off, draft speed 900m/min；
Step 3
Remaining 5 parts of dimethyl silicone polymers are coated in the fiber surface that spinneret obtains, are impregnated to dimethyl silicone polymer
Into fiber, after dry, antistatic fiber is obtained.
The breaking strength of resulting antistatic fiber is 3.8cN/dtex.
A kind of antistatic fabric goes here and there by yarn bends lopping and mutually and covers and formed, and the yarn is fine by above-mentioned antistatic
Dimension and common nylon fiber are blended obtained according to the weight ratio of 1:1, thread density 150D.The fabric is eyelet stitch, face
Material grammes per square metre is 200g g/m2。
Comparative example 1 (P1)
The parts by weight of fiber each component are as follows: 85 parts of polyester PET, 5 parts of conductive black, the poly- second that number-average molecular weight is 700
5 parts of glycol, 5 parts of dimethyl silicone polymer.
Antistatic fiber the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Step 1
Polyester, dimethyl silicone polymer are mixed with polyethylene glycol, are heated to melting.
Step 2
Fusant is squeezed out by spinneret orifice by above-mentioned, forms melt stream, orifice diameter 0.2mm, extruded velocity
For 15m/min, melt stream cooling solidification in air, through drawing-off, draft speed 800m/min obtains fiber.
The breaking strength of resulting fiber is 4.5cN/dtex.
One kind fabric as made from above-mentioned fiber, is formed by warp and weft interweaving, and warp and weft is raw material by above-mentioned fiber
Be made, filling yarn density 50D, weft yarn density be 50D, fabric tissue be plain weave, specification 50D*50D*300T, gram
Weight 70g g/m2。
Comparative example 2 (P2)
The parts by weight of fiber each component are as follows: polyamide 6 be 80 parts, polyester PET be 10 parts, 5 parts of conductive black, poly- diformazan
5 parts of radical siloxane.
Fiber the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Step 1
Polyester, polyamide, dimethyl silicone polymer are mixed, are heated to melting.
Step 2
Fusant is squeezed out by spinneret orifice by above-mentioned, forms melt stream, orifice diameter 0.3mm, extruded velocity
For 20m/min, melt stream cooling solidification in air, through drawing-off, draft speed 1000m/min obtains fiber.
The breaking strength of gained fiber is 4.5cN/dtex.
One kind electricity fabric as made from above-mentioned fiber, is formed by warp and weft interweaving, and warp thread is 70D ordinary polyester long filament,
It is yarn made from raw material, thread density 75D that weft yarn, which is as above-mentioned fiber,.Fabric tissue is twill, specification 70D*75D*
260T, grammes per square metre 95g/m2。
Comparative example 3 (P3)
The parts by weight of fiber each component are as follows: 80 parts of polyester PET, polyamide 6 is 10 parts, number-average molecular weight be 700 it is poly-
4 parts of ethylene glycol, 6 parts of dimethyl silicone polymer.
Fiber the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Step 1
Polyester, dimethyl silicone polymer are mixed with polyethylene glycol, are heated to melting.
Step 2
Fusant is squeezed out by spinneret orifice by above-mentioned, forms melt stream, orifice diameter 0.1mm, extruded velocity
For 30m/min, melt stream cooling solidification in air, through drawing-off, draft speed 1100m/min obtains fiber.
The breaking strength of gained fiber is 4.3cN/dtex.
One kind fabric as made from above-mentioned fiber goes here and there by yarn bends lopping and mutually and covers and formed, and the yarn is by upper
The short fibre obtained after fibre cutting is stated to be made.Thread density is 100D, and fabric is rib construction, and fabric grammes per square metre is 220g g/m2。
The resulting fabric of the present invention, antistatic performance detection charge electricity according to GB/T 12703.5-2010 testing friction
Pressure.Testing result is as follows:
Fabric obtained by 1 the present embodiment of table is charged by friction voltage (V)
It can be seen that antistatic fiber provided by the invention and fabric, with good antistatic performance, and it is water-fast
It washes.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, but it is merely an example, the present invention is simultaneously unlimited
It is formed on particular embodiments described above.To those skilled in the art, any couple of present invention carries out equivalent modifications and
Substitution is also all among scope of the invention.Therefore, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention made by equal transformation and
Modification, all should be contained within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of antistatic fiber, which is characterized in that its component includes polymer and additive, wherein the polymer includes
Polyester, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and dimethyl silicone polymer, the additive include antistatic agent.
2. antistatic fiber according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the antistatic agent be cationic antistatic agent,
One or more of anion antistatic, nonionic antistatic agent, both sexes antistatic agent, polymer electrolyte antistatic agent.
3. antistatic fiber according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the antistatic agent is C1-C6 alkyl-sulfonic acid
Alkali metal salt.
4. antistatic fiber according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the additive further includes conducting medium.
5. antistatic fiber according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the antistatic fiber shared by the polymer is total
The percentage of weight be 60%~98%, the antistatic agent account for the antistatic fiber total weight percentage be 1%~
20%.
6. antistatic fiber according to any one of claims 1-5, which is characterized in that the fiber each component is according to weight
Amount number includes: 70~80 parts of polyester, and 10~15 parts of polyamide, 3~8 parts of conductive black, 1~5 part of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol
2~4 parts, 2~8 parts of sodium methanesulfonate, 1~4 part of dimethyl silicone polymer.
7. a kind of preparation method of antistatic fiber described in claim 1 characterized by comprising
(1) fiber each component is mixed；
(2) melt spinning obtains fiber.
8. the preparation method of antistatic fiber according to claim 7, which is characterized in that first by polyester, polyamide and portion
Divide dimethyl silicone polymer mixing, be heated to melting, and kept for a set time, obtains fusant；Then by antistatic agent and
Conducting medium particle is added in polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol, after mixing, is added in the fusant；Fusant squeezes out system
At fiber, is then impregnated with remaining dimethyl silicone polymer from fiber surface, after dry, obtain the antistatic fiber.
9. a kind of antistatic fabric as made from antistatic fiber described in claim 1, which is characterized in that contain in its yarn
The antistatic fiber.
10. a kind of protective articles, which is characterized in that the protective articles includes the antistatic fabric, or by the antistatic
Fabric is made.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115948921A (en) * | 2023-02-07 | 2023-04-11 | 武汉纺织大学 | Anti-static cotton fabric and preparation method thereof |
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