CN109912911B - Preparation method of polymer micro-nanofiber reinforced polyvinyl alcohol foam material - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of composite materials or high-molecular foam materials, in particular to a preparation method of a polymer micro-nanofiber reinforced polyvinyl alcohol foam material. Aiming at the problem of low mechanical strength of the existing polyvinyl alcohol foaming material, the invention takes the glyceryl methacrylate grafted polyethylene micro-nanofiber and polyvinyl alcohol which are formed in situ in polyvinyl alcohol as main components, adds the foaming agent and the cross-linking agent to prepare the polyvinyl alcohol foaming composite material, and effectively improves the mechanical property of the foaming material by utilizing the advantages that the composite material can mutually make up for the deficiency and generate synergistic effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of composite materials or high-molecular foam materials, in particular to a preparation method of a polymer micro-nanofiber reinforced polyvinyl alcohol foam material.
Background
The foaming material has the advantages of light weight, heat resistance, low price and the like, is widely applied to industry, agriculture, packaging industry, transportation industry and the like, and is mainly concentrated on polystyrene foaming materials, polypropylene foaming materials, polyurethane foaming materials and polyethylene foaming materials in China. The traditional foaming material is not easy to degrade in the environment and causes certain pollution to the environment. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a hydrolysis product of polyvinyl acetate, has a polyhydroxy structure, is nontoxic, has good adhesion, heat resistance and hydrophilicity, and is easy to degrade. The polyvinyl alcohol foam material has good wear resistance and weather resistance, is easy to degrade, has good chemical stability and biocompatibility, but has poor mechanical property, so that the polyvinyl alcohol foam material is not widely applied.
With the change of modern science and technology, the requirements of people on materials are increasingly wide and severe, and the materials with single components are generally difficult to meet the requirements of society and production. Two or more than two heterogeneous, special-shaped and anisotropic materials are combined into a composite material through a certain process, the expected requirements of people on certain performance are met, and the composite material becomes an important way for developing high-performance materials. It can be said that the compounding of materials is the main trend in the development of the material industry today. In order to overcome the performance defect of the foam material, some fiber reinforced materials can be added and bonded into a whole, and the fibers can play a role in transferring load and can endow the foam material with excellent comprehensive performance. When the diameter of the fiber is as small as submicron or nanometer, the fiber shows a series of unusual characteristics, such as: has extremely large specific surface area, leads to the increase of surface energy and activity, thereby generating surface effect, quantum size effect, small size effect and the like. In addition, the nanofiber has surprising characteristics in terms of flexibility, mechanical properties and the like. Patent 201410229516.3 discloses a polyvinyl alcohol syntactic foam comprising polyvinyl alcohol and nanofibers, which is prepared by adding a nanofiber suspension to a polyvinyl alcohol solution, evaporating the solvent under stirring, freeze-forming, and freeze-drying. However, the acquisition of the nano-cellulose used in the method requires chemical or enzymatic pretreatment, and consumes a large amount of energy. The polyvinyl alcohol composite foam material is added with the nano fibers, so that the waterproofness of the foam material is enhanced, and the dimensional stability of the foam is improved; on the other hand, the compressive strength and modulus of the foam are increased.
In-situ fiber forming is a method for forming a fiber reinforced material in situ by drawing two thermodynamically incompatible polymers with different melting points at a temperature above the melting points of the polymers, forming microfibers with a certain length-diameter ratio by a dispersed phase under the combined action of a drawing flow field and a shearing flow field. In the research of the in-situ fiber forming and reinforcing technology, no related research report of the polyvinyl alcohol foaming material reinforced by the in-situ fiber forming is reported at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a high-strength PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) foaming material, and discloses a preparation method of a polymer micro-nanofiber reinforced polyvinyl alcohol foaming material, aiming at the problem of low mechanical strength of the existing polyvinyl alcohol foaming material.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a preparation method of a polymer micro-nanofiber reinforced polyvinyl alcohol foam material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing PVA, glycerol and polyethylene glycol according to parts by weight, putting the PVA, the glycerol and the polyethylene glycol into a high-speed mixer, controlling the mixing temperature to be 50-70 ℃, uniformly mixing, and then carrying out melt blending and granulation by using a double-screw extruder at 150-180 ℃ to obtain plasticized PVA particles;
(2) putting the plasticized PVA particles obtained in the step (1) and the glycerol methacrylate grafted polyethylene particles into a high-speed mixer according to parts by weight, controlling the mixing temperature to be 50-70 ℃, uniformly mixing, then carrying out melt blending extrusion by using a double-screw extruder at 160-180 ℃, simultaneously carrying out 4-12 times of stretching by using a traction device, and then cutting the stretched blended material strips into particles to obtain blended particles;
(3) adding the blended particles obtained in the step (2) into deionized water, stirring for 2-4 hours at the temperature of 85-95 ℃ until polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved to form a uniform solution, cooling the solution to 20-30 ℃, adding a surfactant and a foaming agent into the solution, stirring for 5-10 min, adding a cross-linking agent and a catalyst, stirring uniformly, pouring into a mold, reacting for 3-5 hours at the temperature of 50-80 ℃, cross-linking, foaming and curing, taking out the foaming body, fully washing, and removing residues to obtain the glyceryl methacrylate grafted polyethylene nanofiber/PVA composite foaming material.
In the step (1), the PVA, the glycerol and the polyethylene glycol are sequentially 70-80 parts, 15-20 parts and 5-10 parts by weight.
The PVA in the step (1) is PVA1799 or PVA1797, wherein the polymerization degree and alcoholysis degree of the PVA1799 are respectively 1700 and 97 percent, and the polymerization degree and alcoholysis degree of the PVA1797 are respectively 1700 and 97 percent; the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol is 2000, 4000 or 6000.
In the step (2), the weight parts of the plasticized PVA particles and the glycerol methacrylate grafted polyethylene particles are 70-95 parts and 5-30 parts in sequence, wherein the glycerol methacrylate grafted polyethylene is glycerol methacrylate grafted high-density polyethylene or glycerol methacrylate grafted linear low-density polyethylene, and the grafting rate is 0.5-1.2%.
The weight parts of the blended particles and the deionized water in the step (3) are 0.8-1.5 parts and 8.5-9.2 parts in sequence, the weight parts of the surfactant and the foaming agent are 0.1-0.3 part and 0.2-0.8 part in sequence, and the weight parts of the crosslinking agent and the catalyst are 0.1-0.5 part respectively.
In the step (3), the catalyst is one of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, and the foaming agent is one of n-pentane and monofluorodichloroethane.
And (3) in the step (3), the surfactant is one of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and silicone oil, and the cross-linking agent is one of formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method comprises the steps of firstly, taking the glycerol methacrylate grafted polyethylene and plasticized PVA as raw materials, extruding and stretching by a double screw to prepare the composite material taking the PVA as a matrix and the glycerol methacrylate grafted polyethylene as a dispersed phase, wherein the glycerol methacrylate grafted polyethylene forms in-situ microfiber in the PVA matrix due to the shearing, stretching and other effects exerted by a continuous phase in the process; and then dissolving the glyceryl methacrylate grafted polyethylene/PVA composite material in water, and adding a foaming agent and a crosslinking agent to prepare the glyceryl methacrylate grafted polyethylene/PVA composite foaming material, wherein the PVA is dissolved in the water and the glyceryl methacrylate grafted polyethylene is not dissolved in the process, so that the micro-nano fiber structure of the dispersed phase glyceryl methacrylate grafted polyethylene is maintained to achieve the purpose of in-situ reinforcement. Meanwhile, due to the hydrogen bond effect between the PVA and the glycerol methacrylate grafted polyethylene, the compatibility between the PVA and the glycerol methacrylate grafted polyethylene is improved, the glycerol methacrylate grafted polyethylene microfiber can be uniformly dispersed in a polyvinyl alcohol matrix, the diameter of the microfiber can reach the nanometer level, and the mechanical property of the polyvinyl alcohol foam material is effectively improved.
2. The foaming material can be applied to the industries of drinks, foods, brewing, pharmacy, chemical industry, sewage treatment, environmental protection and the like, and meets the requirements of higher technical conditions in a clarification and purification, solid-liquid separation and filtration recovery system. The polymer nanofiber prepared by the melt blending method has the advantages of low cost, mild condition, easiness in control, easiness in obtaining raw materials, environmental friendliness, suitability for industrial large-scale production and the like.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The preparation method of the polymer micro-nanofiber reinforced polyvinyl alcohol foam material comprises the following steps:
putting 770 g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 1797), 180 g of glycerol and 50 g of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight is 6000) into a high-speed mixer, controlling the mixing temperature at 70 ℃, and uniformly mixing; melt blending and granulating by a double-screw extruder at 175 ℃ by adopting a conventional method to obtain plasticized polyvinyl alcohol particles. Putting 750 g of plasticized polyvinyl alcohol and 275 g of glycidyl methacrylate grafted high-density polyethylene into a high-speed mixer, controlling the mixing temperature at 70 ℃, and uniformly mixing; melt blending and extruding the mixture by a double-screw extruder at 190 ℃, simultaneously performing 9 times of stretching by a traction device, and then pelletizing the stretched blend strands.
Adding 11 g of the blended particles into 99 g of deionized water, stirring for 2 hours at the temperature of 95 ℃ until polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved to form a uniform solution, adding 1.5 parts of silicone oil and 4 g of n-pentane, stirring for 6 minutes, adding 3 g of glutaraldehyde and 2.5 g of sulfuric acid, and stirring uniformly; and then pouring the mixture into a mold, crosslinking, foaming and curing at 65 ℃ for 5 hours, taking out the foam, fully washing, and removing residues to obtain the glycerol methacrylate grafted polyethylene nanofiber/PVA composite foam material. The tensile strength of this foam was 4.8 MPa.
Example 2
The preparation method of the polymer micro-nanofiber reinforced polyvinyl alcohol foam material comprises the following steps:
putting 790 g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 1797), 150 g of glycerol and 60 g of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight is 4000) into a high-speed mixer, controlling the mixing temperature at 70 ℃, and uniformly mixing; melt blending and granulating by a double-screw extruder at 164 ℃ by adopting a conventional method to obtain plasticized polyvinyl alcohol particles. Putting 870 g of plasticized polyvinyl alcohol and 130 g of glycerol methacrylate grafted high-density polyethylene into a high-speed mixer, controlling the mixing temperature at 70 ℃, and uniformly mixing; melt blending and extruding the mixture at 185 ℃ by using a double-screw extruder, simultaneously performing 10 times of stretching by using a traction device, and then pelletizing the stretched blend strands.
Adding 12 g of the blended particles into 88 g of deionized water, stirring for 3.5 hours at the temperature of 88 ℃ until polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved to form a uniform solution, cooling the solution to 25 ℃, adding 1.5 g of silicone oil and 4 g of monofluoro dichloroethane, stirring for 6min, adding 3 g of formaldehyde and 2 g of sulfuric acid, and stirring uniformly; and then pouring the mixture into a mold, crosslinking, foaming and curing at 70 ℃ for 5 hours, taking out the foam, fully washing, and removing residues to obtain the glycerol methacrylate grafted polyethylene nano fiber/PVA composite foam material. The tensile strength of the foam was 5.2 MPa.
Example 3
The preparation method of the polymer micro-nanofiber reinforced polyvinyl alcohol foam material comprises the following steps:
730 g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 1799), 200 g of glycerol and 60 g of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight is 2000) are put into a high-speed mixer, the mixing temperature is controlled at 55 ℃, and the mixture is uniformly mixed; melt blending and granulating at 170 ℃ by using a double-screw extruder to obtain plasticized polyvinyl alcohol particles. Putting 840 g of plasticized PVA and 160 g of glycidyl methacrylate grafted linear low-density polyethylene into a high-speed mixer, controlling the mixing temperature at 70 ℃, and uniformly mixing; melt blending and extruding the mixture by a double-screw extruder at 184 ℃, simultaneously performing 7 times of stretching by a traction device, and then pelletizing the stretched blend strands.
Adding 15 g of the blended particles into 85 g of deionized water, stirring for 4 hours at 87 ℃ until polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved to form a uniform solution, then cooling the solution to 30 ℃, adding 2 g of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 7 g of n-pentane, stirring for 10min, adding 2 g of glutaraldehyde and 1.5 g of hydrochloric acid, and stirring uniformly; and finally, pouring the mixture into a mold, crosslinking, foaming and curing the mixture at 50 ℃ for 5 hours, taking out the foam, fully washing the foam, and removing residues to obtain the glycerol methacrylate grafted polyethylene nano fiber/PVA composite foam material. The tensile strength of this foam was 6.1 MPa.
Example 4
The preparation method of the polymer micro-nanofiber reinforced polyvinyl alcohol foam material comprises the following steps:
putting 700 g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 1799), 200 g of glycerol and 100 g of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight is 6000) into a high-speed mixer, controlling the mixing temperature at 70 ℃, and uniformly mixing; melt blending and granulating by a double-screw extruder at 180 ℃ to obtain plasticized polyvinyl alcohol particles. Putting 900 g of plasticized PVA and 100 g of glyceryl methacrylate grafted high-density polyethylene into a high-speed mixer, controlling the mixing temperature at 70 ℃, and uniformly mixing; and (3) melting, blending and extruding by using a double-screw extruder at 180 ℃, simultaneously performing 6-time stretching by using a traction device, and then pelletizing the stretched blend strips.
Adding 8 g of the blended particles into 92 g of deionized water, and stirring for 2 hours at the temperature of 90 ℃ until polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved to form a uniform solution; then cooling the solution to 20 ℃, adding 1 g of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 5 g of n-pentane, stirring for 10min, adding 1 g of glutaraldehyde and 1 g of hydrochloric acid, and stirring uniformly; and finally, pouring the mixture into a mold, crosslinking, foaming and curing the mixture at 50 ℃ for 5 hours, taking out the foam, fully washing the foam, and removing residues to obtain the glycerol methacrylate grafted polyethylene nano fiber/PVA composite foam material. The tensile strength of this foam was 3.2 MPa.
Example 5
The preparation method of the polymer micro-nanofiber reinforced polyvinyl alcohol foam material comprises the following steps:
putting 800 g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 1797), 150 g of glycerol and 50 g of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight is 4000) into a high-speed mixer, controlling the mixing temperature at 70 ℃, and uniformly mixing; melt blending and granulating by a double-screw extruder at 165 ℃ by adopting a conventional method to obtain plasticized polyvinyl alcohol particles. Putting 850 g of plasticized polyvinyl alcohol and 150 g of glyceryl methacrylate grafted high-density polyethylene into a high-speed mixer, controlling the mixing temperature at 70 ℃, and uniformly mixing; and (3) melting, blending and extruding by using a double-screw extruder at 180 ℃, simultaneously carrying out 8-time stretching by using a traction device, and then cutting the stretched blend into particles.
Adding 15 g of the blended particles into 85 g of deionized water, stirring for 4 hours at the temperature of 85 ℃ until polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved to form a uniform solution, then cooling the solution to 30 ℃, adding 2 g of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 7 g of n-pentane, stirring for 10min, adding 2 g of glutaraldehyde and 1.5 g of hydrochloric acid, and stirring uniformly; and finally, pouring the mixture into a mold, crosslinking, foaming and curing the mixture at 50 ℃ for 5 hours, taking out the foam, fully washing the foam, and removing residues to obtain the glycerol methacrylate grafted polyethylene nano fiber/PVA composite foam material. The tensile strength of this foam was 3.8 MPa.
Example 6
The preparation method of the polymer micro-nanofiber reinforced polyvinyl alcohol foam material comprises the following steps:
adding 750 g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 1797), 150 g of glycerol and 100 g of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 6000) into a high-speed mixer, controlling the mixing temperature at 50 ℃, and uniformly mixing; and (3) carrying out melt blending and granulation by using a double-screw extruder at 170 ℃ by adopting a conventional method to obtain plasticized polyvinyl alcohol particles. Putting 850 g of plasticized PVA and 150 g of glycidyl methacrylate grafted linear low-density polyethylene into a high-speed mixer, controlling the mixing temperature at 50 ℃, and uniformly mixing; melt blending and extruding the mixture by a double-screw extruder at 180 ℃, simultaneously drawing the mixture by 10 times by a traction device, and then cutting the drawn mixture into particles.
10 grams of the blended particles were added to 90 grams of deionized water and stirred at 95 ℃ for 2 hours until the polyvinyl alcohol was completely dissolved to form a homogeneous solution. Cooling the solution to 25 ℃, adding 2 parts of lauryl sodium sulfate and 6 parts of monofluoro dichloroethane, stirring for 8min, adding 2 parts of formaldehyde and 3 parts of sulfuric acid, and uniformly stirring; and then pouring the mixture into a mold, crosslinking, foaming and curing at 70 ℃ for 4 hours, taking out the foam, fully washing, and removing residues to obtain the glycerol methacrylate grafted polyethylene nano fiber/PVA composite foam material. The tensile strength of this foam was 4.7 MPa.
Example 7
The preparation method of the polymer micro-nanofiber reinforced polyvinyl alcohol foam material comprises the following steps:
720 g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 1799), 200 g of glycerol and 80 g of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 4000) are put into a high-speed mixer, the mixing temperature is controlled at 70 ℃, and the mixture is uniformly mixed; and (3) carrying out melt blending and granulation by a double-screw extruder at 160 ℃ by adopting a conventional method to obtain plasticized polyvinyl alcohol particles. Putting 950 g of plasticized polyvinyl alcohol and 50 g of glyceryl methacrylate grafted high-density polyethylene into a high-speed mixer, controlling the mixing temperature at 70 ℃, and uniformly mixing; melt blending and extruding the mixture by a double-screw extruder at 170 ℃, simultaneously performing 4 times of stretching by a traction device, and then pelletizing the stretched blend strands.
Adding 11 g of the blended particles into 89 g of deionized water, and stirring for 2 hours at the temperature of 95 ℃ until polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved to form a uniform solution; cooling the solution to 27 ℃, adding 2 parts of silicone oil and 7 parts of monofluoro dichloroethane, stirring for 7min, adding 2 parts of formaldehyde and 2 parts of sulfuric acid, and uniformly stirring; and then pouring the mixture into a mold, crosslinking, foaming and curing at 65 ℃ for 4.5 hours, taking out the foam, fully washing, and removing residues to obtain the glycerol methacrylate grafted polyethylene nano fiber/PVA composite foam material. The tensile strength of this foam was 3.3 MPa.
Example 8
The preparation method of the polymer micro-nanofiber reinforced polyvinyl alcohol foam material comprises the following steps:
760 g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 1797), 180 g of glycerol and 60 g of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 2000) are put into a high-speed mixer, the mixing temperature is controlled at 60 ℃, and the mixture is uniformly mixed; and (3) carrying out melt blending and granulation by using a double-screw extruder at 170 ℃ by adopting a conventional method to obtain plasticized polyvinyl alcohol particles. Putting 700 g of plasticized polyvinyl alcohol and 300 g of glycidyl methacrylate grafted linear low-density polyethylene into a high-speed mixer, controlling the mixing temperature at 70 ℃, and uniformly mixing; melt blending and extruding the mixture by a double-screw extruder at 190 ℃, simultaneously drawing the mixture by 12 times by a drawing device, and then cutting the drawn mixture into particles.
Adding 12 g of the blended particles into 88 g of deionized water, stirring for 3 hours at the temperature of 92 ℃ until polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved to form a uniform solution, cooling the solution to 25 ℃, adding 3 g of silicone oil and 8 g of monofluoro-dichloroethane, stirring for 8min, adding 3 g of formaldehyde and 2 g of sulfuric acid, and stirring uniformly; and then pouring the mixture into a mold, crosslinking, foaming and curing at 70 ℃ for 5 hours, taking out the foam, fully washing, and removing residues to obtain the glycerol methacrylate grafted polyethylene nano fiber/PVA composite foam material. The tensile strength of this foam was 4.7 MPa.
Example 9
The preparation method of the polymer micro-nanofiber reinforced polyvinyl alcohol foam material comprises the following steps:
730 g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 1799), 200 g of glycerol and 70 g of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 4000) are put into a high-speed mixer, the mixing temperature is controlled at 60 ℃, and the mixture is uniformly mixed; and (3) carrying out melt blending and granulation by a double-screw extruder at 150 ℃ by adopting a conventional method to obtain plasticized polyvinyl alcohol particles. Putting 875 grams of plasticized polyvinyl alcohol and 125 grams of glyceryl methacrylate grafted high-density polyethylene into a high-speed mixer, controlling the mixing temperature at 70 ℃, and uniformly mixing; melt blending and extruding the mixture by a double-screw extruder at 180 ℃, simultaneously performing 7-fold stretching by a traction device, and then pelletizing the stretched blend strands.
Adding 9 g of the blended particles into 91 g of deionized water, and stirring for 3 hours at the temperature of 92 ℃ until polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved to form a uniform solution; then cooling the solution to 25 ℃, adding 1 g of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 6 parts of monofluoro dichloroethane, stirring for 10min, adding 1 g of glutaraldehyde and 1 g of sulfuric acid, and stirring uniformly; and finally, pouring the mixture into a mold, crosslinking, foaming and curing at 65 ℃ for 4 hours, taking out the foam, fully washing, and removing residues to obtain the glycerol methacrylate grafted polyethylene nanofiber/PVA composite foam material. The tensile strength of this foam was 5.4 MPa.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of a polymer micro-nanofiber reinforced polyvinyl alcohol foam material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) weighing PVA, glycerol and polyethylene glycol according to parts by weight, putting the PVA, the glycerol and the polyethylene glycol into a high-speed mixer, controlling the mixing temperature to be 50-70 ℃, uniformly mixing, and then carrying out melt blending and granulation by using a double-screw extruder at 150-180 ℃ to obtain plasticized PVA particles;
(2) putting the plasticized PVA particles obtained in the step (1) and the glycerol methacrylate grafted polyethylene particles into a high-speed mixer according to parts by weight, controlling the mixing temperature to be 50-70 ℃, uniformly mixing, then carrying out melt blending extrusion by using a double-screw extruder at 160-180 ℃, simultaneously carrying out 4-12 times of stretching by using a traction device, and then cutting the stretched blended material strips into particles to obtain blended particles;
(3) adding the blended particles obtained in the step (2) into deionized water, stirring for 2-4 hours at the temperature of 85-95 ℃ until polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved to form a uniform solution, cooling the solution to 20-30 ℃, adding a surfactant and a foaming agent into the solution, stirring for 5-10 min, adding a cross-linking agent and a catalyst, stirring uniformly, pouring into a mold, reacting for 3-5 hours at the temperature of 50-80 ℃, cross-linking, foaming and curing, taking out the foaming body, fully washing, and removing residues to obtain the glyceryl methacrylate grafted polyethylene nanofiber/PVA composite foaming material;
in the step (1), the weight parts of PVA, glycerol and polyethylene glycol are 70-80 parts, 15-20 parts and 5-10 parts in sequence;
the weight parts of the plasticized PVA particles and the glycerol methacrylate grafted polyethylene particles in the step (2) are 70-95 parts and 5-30 parts in sequence, wherein the glycerol methacrylate grafted polyethylene is glycerol methacrylate grafted high-density polyethylene or glycerol methacrylate grafted linear low-density polyethylene, and the grafting rate is 0.5-1.2%;
the weight parts of the blended particles and the deionized water in the step (3) are 0.8-1.5 parts and 8.5-9.2 parts in sequence, the weight parts of the surfactant and the foaming agent are 0.1-0.3 part and 0.2-0.8 part in sequence, and the weight parts of the crosslinking agent and the catalyst are 0.1-0.5 part respectively.
2. The preparation method of the polymer micro-nanofiber reinforced polyvinyl alcohol foam material according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the PVA in the step (1) is PVA1799 or PVA1797, wherein the polymerization degree and alcoholysis degree of the PVA1799 are respectively 1700 and 97 percent, and the polymerization degree and alcoholysis degree of the PVA1797 are respectively 1700 and 97 percent; the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol is 2000, 4000 or 6000.
3. The preparation method of the polymer micro-nanofiber reinforced polyvinyl alcohol foam material according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (3), the catalyst is one of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, and the foaming agent is one of n-pentane and monofluorodichloroethane.
4. The preparation method of the polymer micro-nanofiber reinforced polyvinyl alcohol foam material according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: and (3) in the step (3), the surfactant is one of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and silicone oil, and the cross-linking agent is one of formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde.
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