CN109912842B - Preparation and application of efficient microcapsule composite flame retardant - Google Patents
Preparation and application of efficient microcapsule composite flame retardant Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses preparation and application of an efficient microcapsule composite flame retardant, and relates to the technical field of flame retardants. According to the invention, II-type ammonium polyphosphate is firstly absorbed into micron-sized gaps on flower-ball-shaped basic magnesium carbonate, and the basic magnesium carbonate absorbed with the II-type ammonium polyphosphate is coated by melamine-formaldehyde resin to prepare the efficient microcapsule composite flame retardant. According to the invention, ammonium polyphosphate is adsorbed by using the flower-ball-shaped basic magnesium carbonate, the obtained composite component with a special structure is used as a core material, and the core material is coated by using melamine-formaldehyde resin, so that the flame retardant efficiency is higher, and the synergistic effect of different components is fully exerted.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of flame retardants, and particularly relates to preparation and application of an efficient microcapsule composite flame retardant.
Background art:
flame retardants are capable of imparting flame resistant properties to combustible polymers. In the traditional flame retardant type, the inorganic flame retardant has low flame retardant efficiency, large addition amount and poor compatibility with high polymer materials, and influences the processing and mechanical properties of the high polymer materials. The halogen flame retardant (especially bromine flame retardant) has a lot of chronic toxicity, and generates a large amount of toxic gas to harm human health and pollute the environment when being heated. The expandable graphite is a flame retardant with excellent performance, but the traditional expandable graphite has high sulfur content due to the defects of the production process, and toxic sulfur oxide gas is released when the expandable graphite expands at high temperature. In practical application, red phosphorus has many disadvantages, such as easy moisture absorption, easy oxidation, and easy explosion of dust.
The phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant is a novel intumescent flame retardant and has good thermal stability and higher flame retardant property. Among them, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) form II is most widely used. But the flame retardant has the defects of poor water resistance, poor flame retardance of single flame retardant for inflammable olefin polymers such as PP, PE and the like.
In order to overcome the above disadvantages, many studies have been made to use modified ammonium polyphosphate coated with microcapsules and used in combination with other additives, such as: the invention patent with the patent application number of CN201610765674.X discloses a preparation method of an ammonium polyphosphate microcapsule flame retardant coated by epoxy resin, and the microcapsule flame retardant with good stability and lower water solubility is obtained. The invention patent with the patent application number of CN201310730885.6 discloses a composite flame retardant containing microcapsule-coated intumescent flame retardant and a preparation method thereof, wherein the intumescent flame retardant, the flame-retardant synergist and the smoke suppressant are compounded, and then the mixture is coated by urea-formaldehyde resin or melamine-formaldehyde resin, so that the flame retardant obtained can better improve the flame-retardant effect of the material. The disclosed invention patents only simply compound or coat different components in the flame retardant system with resin, and do not fully exert the synergistic effect of the different components.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing preparation and application of a high-efficiency microcapsule composite flame retardant. The purpose is to prepare the high-efficiency microcapsule composite flame retardant by firstly adsorbing the II-type ammonium polyphosphate into micron-sized gaps on the flower-ball-shaped basic magnesium carbonate and then coating the basic magnesium carbonate adsorbed with the II-type ammonium polyphosphate by using melamine-formaldehyde resin.
When the flower-ball-shaped basic magnesium carbonate is used for adsorbing the ammonium polyphosphate II, the basic magnesium carbonate surface is negatively charged, and the ammonium polyphosphate II is also negatively charged, so that the ammonium polyphosphate is difficult to be directly adsorbed by the basic magnesium carbonate. For this purpose, basic magnesium carbonate is used to adsorb cationic surfactant with positive charge, so that the basic magnesium carbonate surface has positive charge, and then ammonium polyphosphate is adsorbed.
In addition, adsorption of materials is an exothermic process. When the basic magnesium carbonate adsorbs the cationic surfactant and the ammonium polyphosphate, the adsorption is carried out at a lower temperature and a higher concentration so as to increase the adsorption quantity. However, the solubility in water at lower temperatures is very low due to the presence of intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the form II ammonium polyphosphate. The ammonium polyphosphate is dissolved in water at high temperature to destroy hydrogen bonds in the ammonium polyphosphate and then is cooled to room temperature, or the ammonium polyphosphate is dissolved in water containing a small amount of NaCl, so that the solubility of the ammonium polyphosphate at low temperature can be improved.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the high-efficiency microcapsule composite flame retardant comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving a certain mass part of type II ammonium polyphosphate in water at high temperature, cooling to room temperature or dissolving in a NaCl aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.5-2% at room temperature, and filtering to remove a small amount of insoluble substances to obtain a high-concentration type II ammonium polyphosphate aqueous solution;
(2) dissolving a certain mass part of cationic surfactant in water at room temperature, adding a certain mass part of flower-spherical basic magnesium carbonate under stirring, continuously stirring for 1-5 hours, filtering the obtained suspension, washing a filter cake with water until the filtrate is neutral, and drying the filter cake at 80-120 ℃ to obtain the flower-spherical basic magnesium carbonate modified by the cationic surfactant;
(3) slowly adding the basic magnesium carbonate obtained in the step (2) into the II-type ammonium polyphosphate solution obtained in the step (1) under stirring, continuously stirring at room temperature for 1-5 hours, filtering the obtained suspension, and drying the filter cake at 80-120 ℃ to obtain the basic magnesium carbonate adsorbed with the II-type ammonium polyphosphate;
(4) dissolving melamine and 37% formaldehyde solution in a certain mass part in a certain amount of water, raising the temperature to 60-95 ℃ for reaction for 0.5-3 hours, keeping the pH value of the system at 8-10 by using acid and alkali solution, and cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished to obtain a clear and transparent melamine-formaldehyde resin prepolymer solution;
(5) dispersing the basic magnesium carbonate obtained in the step (3) and a solvent to prepare a suspension, slowly adding the melamine-formaldehyde resin prepolymer obtained in the step (4) into the prepared suspension under stirring, adjusting the pH value of the system to 3-6, slowly heating to 60-90 ℃ for reaction for 2-8 hours, cooling the system to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering, washing a filter cake with water until the filtrate is neutral, and drying the filter cake at 80-120 ℃ to obtain a melamine-formaldehyde resin coated basic magnesium carbonate and ammonium polyphosphate composite combustion improver, namely a high-efficiency microcapsule composite flame retardant;
(6) fully and uniformly mixing the microcapsule flame retardant obtained in the step (5), a polymer matrix, a lubricant, a plasticizer, an antioxidant, a filler and other auxiliaries in a certain proportion by using an open mill, and preparing a sample strip by using a screw extrusion injection molding machine;
(7) and (4) measuring the oxygen index, the notch impact strength, the tensile strength and the like of the sample strip obtained in the step (6) by using a limit oxygen index tester, a cantilever beam impact tester and a universal tester.
Preferably, the raw materials in the steps (1), (2) and (4) are in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of II-type ammonium polyphosphate, 80-180 parts of water or a water solution containing a small amount of NaCl in the step (1), 5-20 parts of cationic surfactant, 60-120 parts of water in the step (2), 30-80 parts of basic magnesium carbonate, 5-20 parts of melamine and 5-30 parts of 37% formaldehyde.
Preferably, the raw materials in the step (6) are in parts by weight: 15-40 parts of microcapsule composite flame retardant, 30-50 parts of polymer matrix material, 0.1-3 parts of lubricant, 10-30 parts of toughening agent and 5-30 parts of filler.
Wherein, the cationic surfactant in the step (2) is selected from but not limited to: quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactants such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and dodecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride; heterocyclic cationic surfactants such as cetylpyridinium bromide and dodecylbenzotriazole cationic surfactant; one or more of amine salt cationic surfactants such as solimine A and polyethyleneimine hydrochloride.
The invention also provides the application of the high-efficiency microcapsule composite flame retardant in the polymer matrix material:
the polymer matrix material can be selected from one of low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, poly-1-butylene, polycarbonate, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyester or polystyrene.
The lubricant may be selected from one of stearic acid, calcium stearate, butyl stearate, oleamide, microcrystalline paraffin or white oil.
The plasticizer may be one selected from trioctyl trimellitate, dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate or diisodecyl phthalate.
The antioxidant may be one selected from pentaerythritol tetrakis [ β - (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate ], 2, 6-di-tert-butylphenol, bisphenol A, or tris (1, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite.
The filler can be one selected from calcium carbonate, pottery clay, talc, diatomite, silica, mica powder, asbestos, metal oxide or powdered cellulose.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the microcapsule composite flame retardant adsorbs II-type ammonium polyphosphate into gaps on flower-spherical basic magnesium carbonate microspheres. The basic magnesium carbonate belongs to an inorganic flame retardant, can release water vapor and carbon dioxide when being heated, absorbs a large amount of heat and dilutes the concentration of oxygen around a base material, and has high flame retardant efficiency. The II type ammonium polyphosphate belongs to a novel intumescent flame retardant, can be used as an acid source and an air source, can form a stable and compact carbon layer on the surface of a polymer matrix material at high temperature, and plays a role in heat insulation and oxygen isolation. Has the characteristics of high flame retardant efficiency, no toxic substance release and the like. The two are used in a compounding way to play a synergistic effect, when a polymer matrix material is heated, basic magnesium carbonate starts to decompose in a first stage within the range of about 100-360 ℃, water vapor is released, II-type ammonium polyphosphate in flower ball gaps is released, the ammonium polyphosphate starts to decompose at about 280-300 ℃, and micron-sized II-type ammonium polyphosphate is dispersed more uniformly and has higher flame retardant efficiency.
Melamine-formaldehyde resins have a rich nitrogen atom and can be used as a "gas source". At high temperatures melamine-formaldehyde resins can release non-combustible nitrogen and carbon dioxide gases, diluting the surrounding air. Has the characteristics of high gas production efficiency, no generation of toxic gas and the like. The spherical basic magnesium carbonate with adsorbed type II ammonium polyphosphate is coated by melamine-formaldehyde resin, so that the water resistance and the compatibility with a base material of the type II ammonium polyphosphate are improved, the nitrogen content of a flame-retardant system can be improved, a stable and compact carbon layer generated under the action of the type II ammonium polyphosphate can be expanded by released non-combustible gas, the thickness of the carbon layer is increased, and the flame-retardant efficiency of the heat-insulating effect replacement is further enhanced.
Although the microcapsule is also used for coating and modifying the ammonium polyphosphate, the ammonium polyphosphate is adsorbed by using the flower-ball-shaped basic magnesium carbonate, the obtained composite component with the special structure is used as a core material and is coated by using the melamine-formaldehyde resin, and the flame retardant efficiency is higher.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example 1
(1) Dissolving 10g of type II ammonium polyphosphate in 100mL of water at 90 ℃, cooling to room temperature, and filtering to remove a small amount of insoluble substances to obtain a type II ammonium polyphosphate water solution with higher concentration;
(2) dissolving 10g of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in 80mL of water at room temperature, adding 40g of flower-ball-shaped basic magnesium carbonate while stirring, continuously stirring for 3 hours, filtering the obtained suspension, washing a filter cake with water until the filtrate is neutral, and drying the filter cake at 90 ℃ to obtain the flower-ball-shaped basic magnesium carbonate modified by the cationic surfactant;
(3) slowly adding the basic magnesium carbonate obtained in the step (2) into the II-type ammonium polyphosphate solution obtained in the step (1) under stirring, continuously stirring for 3 hours at room temperature, filtering the obtained suspension, and drying the filter cake at 90 ℃ to obtain the basic magnesium carbonate adsorbed with the II-type ammonium polyphosphate;
(4) dissolving 7.77g of melamine and 15mL of 37% formaldehyde solution in 50mL of water, raising the temperature to 90 ℃ for reaction for 1.5 hours, keeping the pH value of the system at 8-9 by using acid and alkali solutions, and cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished to obtain a clear and transparent prepolymer solution of melamine-formaldehyde resin;
(5) dispersing the basic magnesium carbonate obtained in the step (3) and a solvent to prepare a suspension, slowly adding the melamine-formaldehyde resin prepolymer obtained in the step (4) into the prepared suspension under stirring, adjusting the pH value of the system to 4.5, slowly heating to 80 ℃ for reaction for 4 hours, cooling the system to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering, washing a filter cake with water until the filtrate is neutral, and drying the filter cake at 90 ℃ to obtain a melamine-formaldehyde resin coated basic magnesium carbonate and ammonium polyphosphate composite combustion improver, namely a high-efficiency microcapsule composite flame retardant;
(6) fully and uniformly mixing the microcapsule flame retardant obtained in the step (5), a polymer matrix, a lubricant, a plasticizer, an antioxidant and a filler according to the proportion shown in the tables 1, 2 and 3 by using an open mill, and preparing a sample strip by using a screw extrusion injection molding machine;
(7) and (4) measuring the oxygen index, the notch impact strength, the tensile strength and the like of the sample strip obtained in the step (6) by using a limit oxygen index tester, a cantilever beam impact tester and a universal tester.
Example 2
(1) Dissolving 10g of type II ammonium polyphosphate in 200mL of water at 90 ℃, cooling to room temperature, and filtering to remove a small amount of insoluble substances to obtain a type II ammonium polyphosphate water solution with higher concentration;
(2) dissolving 8g of polyethyleneimine hydrochloride in 100mL of water at room temperature, adding 50g of flower-ball-shaped basic magnesium carbonate while stirring, continuously stirring for 2 hours, filtering the obtained suspension, washing a filter cake with water until the filtrate is neutral, and drying the filter cake at 90 ℃ to obtain the flower-ball-shaped basic magnesium carbonate modified by the surface of a cationic surfactant;
(3) slowly adding the basic magnesium carbonate obtained in the step (2) into the II-type ammonium polyphosphate solution obtained in the step (1) under stirring, continuously stirring for 2.5 hours at room temperature, filtering the obtained suspension, and drying the filter cake at 90 ℃ to obtain the basic magnesium carbonate adsorbed with the II-type ammonium polyphosphate;
(4) 10.36g of melamine and 20mL of 37% formaldehyde solution are dissolved in 60mL of water, the temperature is raised to 90 ℃ and the reaction is carried out for 1.5 hours, and the pH value of the system is kept between 8 and 9 by using acid and alkali solution. Cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished to obtain a clear and transparent prepolymer solution of the melamine-formaldehyde resin;
(5) dispersing the basic magnesium carbonate obtained in the step (3) and a solvent to prepare a suspension, slowly adding the melamine-formaldehyde resin prepolymer obtained in the step (4) into the prepared suspension under stirring, adjusting the pH value of the system to 4.5, slowly heating to 80 ℃ for reaction for 4 hours, cooling the system to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering, and washing a filter cake with water until the filtrate is neutral. And drying the filter cake at 90 ℃. Obtaining a melamine-formaldehyde resin coated basic magnesium carbonate and ammonium polyphosphate composite combustion improver, namely a high-efficiency microcapsule composite flame retardant;
(6) fully and uniformly mixing the microcapsule flame retardant obtained in the step (5), a polymer matrix, a lubricant, a plasticizer, an antioxidant and a filler according to the proportion shown in the tables 1, 2 and 3 by using an open mill, and preparing a sample strip by using a screw extrusion injection molding machine;
(7) and (4) measuring the oxygen index, the notch impact strength, the tensile strength and the like of the sample strip obtained in the step (6) by using a limit oxygen index tester, a cantilever beam impact tester and a universal tester.
Example 3
(1) Firstly, dispersing 10g of II-type ammonium polyphosphate into 30 mL1.5% NaCl aqueous solution at room temperature by using a dropper, continuously supplementing 120mL of 1.5% NaCl aqueous solution, and filtering to remove insoluble substances to obtain II-type ammonium polyphosphate aqueous solution with higher concentration;
(2) dissolving 8g of polyethyleneimine hydrochloride in 80mL of water at room temperature, adding 40g of flower-ball-shaped basic magnesium carbonate under stirring, continuously stirring for 2 hours, filtering the obtained suspension, washing a filter cake with water until the filtrate is neutral, and drying the filter cake at 90 ℃ to obtain the flower-ball-shaped basic magnesium carbonate modified by the cationic surfactant;
(3) slowly adding the basic magnesium carbonate obtained in the step (2) into the II-type ammonium polyphosphate solution obtained in the step (1) under stirring, continuously stirring for 2.5 hours at room temperature, filtering the obtained suspension, and drying the filter cake at 90 ℃ to obtain the basic magnesium carbonate adsorbed with the II-type ammonium polyphosphate;
(4) dissolving 10.36g of melamine and 20mL of 37% formaldehyde solution in 60mL of water, raising the temperature to 90 ℃ for reaction for 1.5 hours, keeping the pH value of the system at 8-9 by using acid and alkali solutions, and cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished to obtain a clear and transparent prepolymer solution of melamine-formaldehyde resin;
(5) dispersing the basic magnesium carbonate obtained in the step (3) and a solvent to prepare a suspension, slowly adding the melamine-formaldehyde resin prepolymer obtained in the step (4) into the prepared suspension under stirring, adjusting the pH value of the system to 4.5, slowly heating to 80 ℃ for reaction for 4 hours, cooling the system to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering, washing a filter cake with water until the filtrate is neutral, and drying the filter cake at 90 ℃ to obtain a melamine-formaldehyde resin coated basic magnesium carbonate and ammonium polyphosphate composite combustion improver, namely a high-efficiency microcapsule composite flame retardant;
(6) fully and uniformly mixing the microcapsule flame retardant obtained in the step (5), a polymer matrix, a lubricant, a plasticizer, an antioxidant and a filler according to the proportion shown in the tables 1, 2 and 3 by using an open mill, and preparing a sample strip by using a screw extrusion injection molding machine;
(7) and (4) measuring the oxygen index, the notch impact strength, the tensile strength and the like of the sample strip obtained in the step (6) by using a limit oxygen index tester, a cantilever beam impact tester and a universal tester.
Example 4
(1) Dispersing 20g of type II ammonium polyphosphate into 30 mL1.5% NaCl aqueous solution at room temperature by using a dropper, continuously supplementing 120mL of 1.5% NaCl aqueous solution, dissolving at 90 ℃, cooling to room temperature, and filtering to remove insoluble substances to obtain type II ammonium polyphosphate aqueous solution with higher concentration;
(2) dissolving 10g of dodecyl benzotriazole in 120mL of water at room temperature, adding 60g of flower-ball-shaped basic magnesium carbonate while stirring, continuously stirring for 2 hours, filtering the obtained suspension, washing a filter cake with water until the filtrate is neutral, and drying the filter cake at 90 ℃ to obtain the flower-ball-shaped basic magnesium carbonate modified by the surface of a cationic surfactant;
(3) slowly adding the basic magnesium carbonate obtained in the step (2) into the II-type ammonium polyphosphate solution obtained in the step (1) under stirring, continuously stirring for 2.5 hours at room temperature, filtering the obtained suspension, and drying the filter cake at 90 ℃ to obtain the basic magnesium carbonate adsorbed with the II-type ammonium polyphosphate;
(4) dissolving 15.54g of melamine and 30mL of 37% formaldehyde solution in 80mL of water, raising the temperature to 90 ℃ for reaction for 1.5 hours, keeping the pH value of the system at 8-9 by using acid and alkali solutions, and cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished to obtain a clear and transparent prepolymer solution of melamine-formaldehyde resin;
(5) dispersing the basic magnesium carbonate obtained in the step (3) and a solvent to prepare a suspension, slowly adding the melamine-formaldehyde resin prepolymer obtained in the step (4) into the prepared suspension under stirring, adjusting the pH value of the system to 4.5, slowly heating to 80 ℃ for reaction for 4 hours, cooling the system to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering, and washing a filter cake with water until the filtrate is neutral. Drying the filter cake at 90 ℃ to obtain a melamine-formaldehyde resin coated basic magnesium carbonate and ammonium polyphosphate composite combustion improver, namely a high-efficiency microcapsule composite flame retardant;
(6) fully and uniformly mixing the microcapsule flame retardant obtained in the step (5), a polymer matrix, a lubricant, a plasticizer, an antioxidant and a filler according to the proportions shown in tables 1, 2 and 3 by using an open mill, and preparing a sample strip by using a screw extrusion injection molding machine;
(7) and (4) measuring the oxygen index, the notch impact strength, the tensile strength and the like of the sample strip obtained in the step (6) by using a limit oxygen index tester, a cantilever beam impact tester and a universal tester.
Table 1 examples 1-4 use of microencapsulated composite flame retardants in PVC
Table 2 examples 1-4 application of microcapsule composite flame retardant in EVA
Table 3 examples 1-4 use of microencapsulated composite flame retardants in PP
The results of the limited oxygen index, tensile strength and impact strength tests of the sample bars prepared from the microencapsulated composite flame retardants prepared in examples 1-4 in different polymer matrix materials are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 Properties of the microencapsulated composite flame retardant flame-retardant Polymer Material
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the high-efficiency microcapsule composite flame retardant is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) dissolving a certain mass part of type II ammonium polyphosphate in water at high temperature, cooling to room temperature or dissolving in a NaCl aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.5-2% at room temperature, and filtering to remove a small amount of insoluble substances to obtain a high-concentration type II ammonium polyphosphate aqueous solution;
(2) dissolving a cationic surfactant in water at room temperature, adding flower-ball-shaped basic magnesium carbonate under stirring, continuously stirring for 1-5 hours, filtering the obtained suspension, washing a filter cake with water until the filtrate is neutral, and drying the filter cake at 80-120 ℃ to obtain flower-ball-shaped basic magnesium carbonate modified by the cationic surfactant;
(3) slowly adding the basic magnesium carbonate obtained in the step (2) into the II-type ammonium polyphosphate solution obtained in the step (1) under stirring, continuously stirring at room temperature for 1-5 hours, filtering the obtained suspension, and drying the filter cake at 80-120 ℃ to obtain the basic magnesium carbonate adsorbed with the II-type ammonium polyphosphate;
(4) dissolving melamine and 37% formaldehyde solution in water, raising the temperature to 60-95 ℃ for reaction for 0.5-3 hours, keeping the pH value of the system at 8-10 by using acid and alkali solution, and cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished to obtain clear and transparent melamine-formaldehyde resin prepolymer solution;
(5) dispersing the basic magnesium carbonate obtained in the step (3) in a solvent to prepare a suspension, slowly adding the melamine-formaldehyde resin prepolymer obtained in the step (4) into the prepared suspension under stirring, adjusting the pH value of the system to 3-6, slowly heating to 60-90 ℃ to react for 2-8 hours, cooling the system to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering, washing a filter cake with water until the filtrate is neutral, and drying the filter cake at 80-120 ℃ to obtain the melamine-formaldehyde resin coated basic magnesium carbonate and ammonium polyphosphate composite flame retardant, namely the efficient microcapsule composite flame retardant.
2. The preparation method of the high-efficiency microcapsule composite flame retardant according to claim 1, characterized in that: the raw materials in the steps (1), (2) and (4) are in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of type II ammonium polyphosphate, 80-180 parts of water or NaCl water solution with the mass fraction of 0.5-2% in the step (1), 5-20 parts of cationic surfactant, 60-120 parts of water in the step (2), 30-80 parts of basic magnesium carbonate, 5-20 parts of melamine and 5-30 parts of 37% formaldehyde.
3. The preparation method of the high-efficiency microcapsule composite flame retardant according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials in the step (6) comprise, by mass: 15-40 parts of microcapsule composite flame retardant, 30-50 parts of polymer matrix material, 0.1-3 parts of lubricant, 10-30 parts of toughening agent and 5-30 parts of filler.
4. The preparation method of the high-efficiency microcapsule composite flame retardant according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cationic surfactant in the step (2) is selected from one or more of quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant, heterocyclic cationic surfactant and amine salt cationic surfactant.
5. The preparation method of the high-efficiency microcapsule composite flame retardant according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lubricant is one selected from stearic acid, calcium stearate, butyl stearate, oleamide, microcrystalline paraffin or white oil.
6. The preparation method of the high-efficiency microcapsule composite flame retardant according to claim 1, characterized in that: the plasticizer is selected from one of trioctyl trimellitate, dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate or diisodecyl phthalate.
7. The preparation method of the high-efficiency microcapsule composite flame retardant of claim 1, wherein the antioxidant is selected from one of pentaerythritol tetrakis [ β - (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate ], 2, 6-di-tert-butylphenol, bisphenol A and tris (1, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite.
8. The preparation method of the high-efficiency microcapsule composite flame retardant according to claim 1, characterized in that: the filler is selected from one of calcium carbonate, argil, talc, diatomite, silicon dioxide, mica powder, asbestos, metal oxide or powdered cellulose.
9. The preparation method of the high-efficiency microcapsule composite flame retardant according to claim 1, characterized in that: the polymer matrix material is selected from one of low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, poly-1-butylene, polycarbonate, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyester or polystyrene.
10. Use of the highly efficient microencapsulated composite flame retardant prepared according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in a polymer matrix material.
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