CN109912816B - Preparation method of polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel - Google Patents

Preparation method of polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel Download PDF

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CN109912816B
CN109912816B CN201910164537.4A CN201910164537A CN109912816B CN 109912816 B CN109912816 B CN 109912816B CN 201910164537 A CN201910164537 A CN 201910164537A CN 109912816 B CN109912816 B CN 109912816B
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polyurethane
hydrogel
polypyrrole
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aqueous solution
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CN109912816A (en
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潘玮
张慧勤
陈燕
邹建华
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Zhongyuan University of Technology
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Abstract

The invention aims to provide a preparation method of polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel, and the obtained material has good conductivity, mechanical strength and flexibility. The method comprises the following steps: (1) diluting an aziridine crosslinking agent into an aziridine crosslinking agent water solution with the mass percentage concentration of 30-50 percent by using distilled water; (2) uniformly mixing the polyurethane aqueous dispersion liquid and a pyrrole monomer according to parts by weight, adding the aziridine cross-linking agent aqueous solution prepared in the step (1), uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution, pouring the mixed solution into a mold, and heating at 40-70 ℃ for 30-120 minutes to obtain a polyurethane hydrogel containing the pyrrole monomer; the method for preparing the polypyrrole/polyurethane composite hydrogel material has the advantages of simple operation and low cost, so that the polypyrrole/polyurethane composite hydrogel material has wide application prospect in the field of flexible energy storage materials.

Description

Preparation method of polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of functional polymer materials, in particular to a preparation method of polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel.
Background
The hydrogel is a functional polymer material and is composed of polymers with a three-dimensional network structure and water molecule media filled in gaps of network chains of the polymers. Hydrogels are flexible and elastic, can swell in water, can generate significant response to external micro-stimuli, and are intelligent, so they have been widely studied in recent years. Research has focused primarily on the preparation of novel hydrogels and on the field of new hydrogel applications. The hydrogel has wide application, and can be used as drug controlled release material, tissue filling material, artificial cartilage, chemical valve, light modulation material, biosensor, tissue culture, etc. The Polyurethane (PU) has good biocompatibility and excellent physical and mechanical properties, has good physiological acceptability to human bodies, can keep the stability of human body implantation for a long time, and can change the physical and chemical properties of the PU by changing the composition of soft and hard segments in a molecular chain. The PU hydrogel prepared from the PU polymer integrates the advantages of both the hydrogel and the PU, arouses great research interest, and has been well applied in the biomedical field.
In recent years, the conductive hydrogel attracts attention as a new member of a multifunctional intelligent hydrogel family, and the conductive hydrogel is generally composed of two parts, namely a conductive material and a hydrogel matrix and covers the unique properties of the two components. The conductive material is embedded into a gel three-dimensional network through copolymerization crosslinking or grafting reaction, the excellent characteristics of the hydrogel are maintained, meanwhile, the electronic transmission capability of the hydrogel is endowed by virtue of the carrier transition performance generated by a unique electronic conjugated system, the conductive hydrogel is expected to be applied to various fields such as an electric stimulation drug release system of a conductive thin film electric sensor and a biofuel cell according to the conductivity distribution range of the conductive hydrogel, but most of the conductive hydrogels are weak in mechanical strength, insufficient in viscoelasticity and poor in conductivity and cannot meet the requirements of practical application.
Polypyrrole (PPy) is considered as one of the most commercially valuable conductive polymer materials because of its easy preparation, good environmental stability and high conductivity, and has been widely studied and applied in various fields such as electrocatalytic materials, sensors, metal anticorrosive materials, secondary battery electrode materials, drug release materials and electronic control ion exchange. The main chain of the conductive polymer is rigid, and the interaction between the chain and an electron system is strong, so that the conductive polymer is insoluble and infusible and difficult to process, and the practical application of the conductive polymer is greatly limited. Therefore, the use of a conductive hydrogel made of a conductive polymer not only solves the problems associated with the handling of the material, but also provides the gel material with good mechanical properties and swelling properties, thereby improving the physical and chemical properties of the conductive polymer, and has attracted considerable interest in recent years. The conductive polymer hydrogel combines the mechanical property and swelling property of the conventional polymer hydrogel and the unique physical and chemical properties of the conductive polymer, and is primarily applied to the fields of electrochemical capacitors, micropattern electrochemical devices, sensors and the like.
Since a polymer such as PPY has a strong rigidity of a main chain and is hardly soluble in a common solvent, it is difficult to obtain a conductive polymer gel through a route of crosslinking a conductive polymer in a solution to achieve gelation. Thus, a typical conductive hydrogel is composed of an insulating porous framework and an electrochemically active filler material. In the reports, the insulating porous framework materials of the conductive polymer hydrogel prepared by using polyaniline as a conductive polymer as a conductive agent include polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose and the like. However, the conductivity of the hydrogel prepared by this method is not very high, because in these conductive composite hydrogels, the conductive polymer exists in the pores of the matrix gel as a dispersed phase, and it is difficult to form a continuous conductive network. At the same time, such a two-phase structure generally impairs the overall mechanical properties of the conductive composite gel.
Aziridine crosslinking agent is a mature and effective room temperature crosslinking agent which is researched at present, has high crosslinking reaction speed and obvious effect and is formed by condensing aziridine and a trifunctional or higher-functionality polyol condensate. The aziridine ring has larger tension in structure and higher activity, and a large number of groups exist in molecules, so that the aziridine ring can react with carboxyl, amino and hydroxyl at normal temperature to generate an insoluble network structure cross-linked product, and the strength of the material can be greatly improved. The invention provides a multiple network composite hydrogel material with high mechanical strength and electrical conductivity, which is a composite hydrogel material with a multiple network structure, wherein aziridine is used as a cross-linking agent, a polyurethane hydrogel material is used as a first network, and a polypyrrole hydrogel material crosslinked by aziridine is used as a second network.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel, and the obtained material has good conductivity, mechanical strength and flexibility.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a preparation method of polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel comprises the following steps:
(1) diluting an aziridine crosslinking agent into an aziridine crosslinking agent water solution with the mass percentage concentration of 30-50 percent by using distilled water;
(2) uniformly mixing the polyurethane aqueous dispersion liquid and a pyrrole monomer according to parts by weight, adding the aziridine cross-linking agent aqueous solution prepared in the step (1), uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution, pouring the mixed solution into a mold, and heating at 40-70 ℃ for 30-120 minutes to obtain a polyurethane hydrogel containing the pyrrole monomer;
(3) and (3) soaking the polyurethane hydrogel obtained in the step (2) into an acidic aqueous solution of ferric trichloride for reaction, controlling the temperature to be 0-40 ℃, and reacting for 1.0-8.0 hours to obtain the polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel.
The aziridine crosslinking agent in the step (1) is a trifunctional aziridine crosslinking agent.
The weight parts of the polyurethane aqueous dispersion liquid and the pyridine monomer in the step (2) are 75-95 parts and 5-25 parts in sequence, and the weight part of the aziridine cross-linking agent aqueous solution is 0.5-5 parts.
The polyurethane aqueous dispersion liquid in the step (2) is a commercially available anionic polyurethane dispersion liquid.
In the step (3), the polyurethane hydrogel and the acidic aqueous solution of ferric chloride are added in the amount of 10-50 parts by weight and 100-1000 parts by weight in sequence.
In the step (3), the concentration of ferric trichloride is 20-80 g/L, the acidic aqueous solution is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid, and the concentration of the acidic aqueous solution is 0.5-2 mol/L.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, aziridine is used as a cross-linking agent to prepare polyurethane hydrogel (first network) containing pyrrole monomers, and then the pyrrole monomers in the gel network are polymerized to obtain hydrogel in which the polyurethane network and the conductive polypyrrole network (second network) are mutually penetrated.
2. The trifunctional aziridine used in the invention has larger tension and higher activity in structure, and a large number of groups exist in molecules, so that the trifunctional aziridine can react with carboxyl, amino and hydroxyl at normal temperature to generate an insoluble network structure cross-linked product, thereby greatly improving the strength of the material. According to the invention, by fully utilizing the characteristic that aziridine molecules can react with polypyrrole molecules and polyurethane molecules, the aziridine cross-linking agent induces the pyrrole monomers to be adsorbed in hydrogel and is subjected to in-situ oxidative polymerization to be used as a gel cross-linking factor, so that polypyrrole hydrogel molecules and polyurethane molecules are formed to be mutually interpenetrated, and polypyrrole hydrogel aggregates are uniformly distributed in a polyurethane hydrogel network, so that the conductivity and mechanical strength of the conductive hydrogel are improved. Meanwhile, the excellent performance of the polyurethane hydrogel framework ensures the good flexibility of the polypyrrole/polyurethane composite hydrogel material, and the third network of the hydrogel is formed by complexing polyurethane, aziridine cross-linking agent and iron metal ions, so that the conductivity and strength of the hydrogel are greatly improved.
3. The method for preparing the polypyrrole/polyurethane composite hydrogel material has the advantages of simple operation and low cost, so that the polypyrrole/polyurethane composite hydrogel material has wide application prospect in the field of flexible energy storage materials.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel comprises the following steps:
(1) diluting an aziridine crosslinking agent into an aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 30% by using distilled water;
(2) uniformly mixing 95 g of polyurethane aqueous dispersion liquid and 5g of pyridine monomer, adding 0.5 g of 30% polyaziridine cross-linking agent aqueous solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution; then pouring the mixed solution into a mould, and heating at 70 ℃ for 120 minutes to obtain a polyurethane hydrogel containing a pyrrole monomer;
(3) and (2) immersing 10 g of polyurethane hydrogel containing pyrrole monomers into 100 g of hydrochloric acid aqueous solution of ferric trichloride for reaction, controlling the temperature to be 0 ℃, and controlling the reaction time to be 8.0 hours to obtain the polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel. Wherein the concentration of ferric trichloride is 20g/L, and the concentration of hydrochloric acid aqueous solution is 0.5 mol/L. The composite hydrogel has tensile strength of 6.9 MPa and electric conductivity of 0.03S/m.
Example 2
A preparation method of polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel comprises the following steps:
(1) diluting an aziridine crosslinking agent into an aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 50% by using distilled water;
(2) uniformly mixing 75 g of polyurethane aqueous dispersion liquid and 25 g of pyrro monomer, adding 5g of a 50% polyaziridine cross-linking agent aqueous solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution; then pouring the mixed solution into a mould, and heating for 30 minutes at 40 ℃ to obtain the polyurethane hydrogel containing the pyrrole monomer;
(3) 50g of polyurethane hydrogel containing pyrrole monomers is immersed into 1000 g of hydrochloric acid aqueous solution of ferric trichloride for reaction, the temperature is controlled at 40 ℃, and the reaction time is 1.0 hour, so that the polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel is obtained. Wherein the concentration of ferric trichloride is 80g/L, and the concentration of hydrochloric acid aqueous solution is 2 mol/L. The composite hydrogel has tensile strength of 5.7 MPa and electric conductivity of 0.65S/m.
Example 3
A preparation method of polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel comprises the following steps:
(1) diluting an aziridine crosslinking agent into an aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 40% by using distilled water;
(2) uniformly mixing 80g of polyurethane aqueous dispersion liquid and 20g of pyrrole monomer, adding 1.5 g of 40% polyaziridine cross-linking agent aqueous solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution; then pouring the mixed solution into a mould, and heating at 50 ℃ for 100 minutes to obtain the polyurethane hydrogel containing the pyrrole monomer.
(3) And (2) soaking 20g of polyurethane hydrogel containing pyrrole monomers into 300 g of sulfuric acid aqueous solution of ferric trichloride for reaction, controlling the temperature to be 10 ℃, and reacting for 6.0 hours to obtain the polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel. Wherein the concentration of ferric trichloride is 50g/L, and the concentration of sulfuric acid aqueous solution is 1 mol/L. The composite hydrogel has tensile strength of 4.2 MPa and electric conductivity of 0.43S/m.
Example 4
A preparation method of polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel comprises the following steps:
(1) diluting an aziridine crosslinking agent into an aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 45% by using distilled water;
(2) uniformly mixing 85 g of polyurethane aqueous dispersion liquid and 15 g of pyridine monomer, adding 2 g of 45% polyaziridine cross-linking agent aqueous solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution; then pouring the mixed solution into a mould, and heating at 55 ℃ for 95 minutes to obtain a polyurethane hydrogel containing a pyrrole monomer;
(3) and (2) soaking 40g of polyurethane hydrogel containing pyrrole monomers into 800 g of sulfuric acid aqueous solution of ferric trichloride for reaction, controlling the temperature to be 20 ℃, and reacting for 3.0 hours to obtain the polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel. Wherein the concentration of ferric trichloride is 40g/L, and the concentration of the sulfuric acid aqueous solution is 1.2 mol/L. The composite hydrogel has tensile strength of 8.8 MPa and electric conductivity of 0.93S/m.
Example 5
A preparation method of polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel comprises the following steps:
(1) diluting an aziridine crosslinking agent into an aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 35% by using distilled water;
(2) uniformly mixing 88 g of polyurethane aqueous dispersion liquid and 12 g of pyrro monomer, adding 1.8 g of 40% polyaziridine cross-linking agent aqueous solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution; then pouring the mixed solution into a mould, and heating at 55 ℃ for 95 minutes to obtain a polyurethane hydrogel containing a pyrrole monomer;
(3) 60 g of polyurethane hydrogel containing pyrrole monomers is immersed into 800 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid aqueous solution of ferric trichloride for reaction, the temperature is controlled at 30 ℃, and the reaction time is 2.0 hours, so that the polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel is obtained. Wherein the concentration of ferric trichloride is 30g/L, and the concentration of p-toluenesulfonic acid aqueous solution is 1.2 mol/L. The composite hydrogel has tensile strength of 5.3 MPa and electric conductivity of 0.75S/m.
Example 6
A preparation method of polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel comprises the following steps:
(1) diluting an aziridine crosslinking agent into an aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 45% by using distilled water;
(2) uniformly mixing 77 g of polyurethane aqueous dispersion liquid and 22 g of pyrrole monomer, adding 2.5 g of 40% polyaziridine cross-linking agent aqueous solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution; then pouring the mixed solution into a mould, and heating at 45 ℃ for 85 minutes to obtain the polyurethane hydrogel containing the pyrrole monomer;
(3) and (2) soaking 30g of polyurethane hydrogel containing pyrrole monomers into 600 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid aqueous solution of ferric trichloride for reaction, controlling the temperature to be 25 ℃ and the reaction time to be 4.0 hours to obtain the polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel. Wherein the concentration of ferric trichloride is 35g/L, and the concentration of p-toluenesulfonic acid aqueous solution is 1.0 mol/L. The composite hydrogel has tensile strength of 3.8MPa and electric conductivity of 0.84S/m.
Example 7
A preparation method of polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel comprises the following steps:
(1) diluting an aziridine crosslinking agent into an aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 50% by using distilled water;
(2) uniformly mixing 90 g of polyurethane aqueous dispersion liquid and 10 g of pyrrole monomer, adding 0.5 g of 50% polyaziridine cross-linking agent aqueous solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution; then pouring the mixed solution into a mould, and heating at 70 ℃ for 110 minutes to obtain a polyurethane hydrogel containing a pyrrole monomer;
(3) and (2) immersing 10 g of polyurethane hydrogel containing pyrrole monomers into 100 g of hydrochloric acid aqueous solution of ferric trichloride for reaction, controlling the temperature to be 5 ℃ and the reaction time to be 6.0 hours to obtain the polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel. Wherein the concentration of ferric trichloride is 40g/L, and the concentration of hydrochloric acid aqueous solution is 0.8 mol/L. The composite hydrogel has tensile strength of 4.3MPa and electric conductivity of 0.09S/m.
Example 8
A preparation method of polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel comprises the following steps:
(1) diluting an aziridine crosslinking agent into an aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 46 percent by using distilled water;
(2) uniformly mixing 83 g of polyurethane aqueous dispersion liquid and 17 g of pyrrole monomer, adding 1.5 g of 4% polyaziridine cross-linking agent aqueous solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution; then pouring the mixed solution into a mould, and heating at 50 ℃ for 100 minutes to obtain the polyurethane hydrogel containing the pyrrole monomer.
(3) And (2) soaking 30g of polyurethane hydrogel containing pyrrole monomers into 600 g of sulfuric acid aqueous solution of ferric trichloride for reaction, controlling the temperature to be 10 ℃, and reacting for 6.0 hours to obtain the polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel. Wherein the concentration of ferric trichloride is 45g/L, and the concentration of the sulfuric acid aqueous solution is 2 mol/L. The composite hydrogel has tensile strength of 5.2 MPa and electric conductivity of 0.3S/m.
Example 9
A preparation method of polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel comprises the following steps:
(1) diluting an aziridine crosslinking agent into an aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 45% by using distilled water;
(2) uniformly mixing 85 g of polyurethane aqueous dispersion liquid and 15 g of pyridine monomer, adding 2.5 g of 45% polyaziridine cross-linking agent aqueous solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution; then pouring the mixed solution into a mould, and heating at 45 ℃ for 85 minutes to obtain the polyurethane hydrogel containing the pyrrole monomer;
(3) and (2) soaking 30g of polyurethane hydrogel containing pyrrole monomers into 550 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid aqueous solution of ferric trichloride for reaction, controlling the temperature to be 25 ℃, and controlling the reaction time to be 4.0 hours to obtain the polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel. Wherein the concentration of ferric trichloride is 35g/L, and the concentration of p-toluenesulfonic acid aqueous solution is 1.0 mol/L. The composite hydrogel has tensile strength of 4.5MPa and electric conductivity of 0.33S/m.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (5)

1. A preparation method of polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) diluting an aziridine crosslinking agent into an aziridine crosslinking agent water solution with the mass percentage concentration of 30-50 percent by using distilled water;
(2) uniformly mixing the polyurethane aqueous dispersion liquid and a pyrrole monomer according to parts by weight, adding the aziridine cross-linking agent aqueous solution prepared in the step (1), uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution, pouring the mixed solution into a mold, and heating at 40-70 ℃ for 30-120 minutes to obtain a polyurethane hydrogel containing the pyrrole monomer;
(3) soaking the polyurethane hydrogel obtained in the step (2) into an acidic aqueous solution of ferric trichloride for reaction, controlling the temperature to be 0-40 ℃ and the reaction time to be 1.0-8.0 hours to obtain polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel;
the aziridine crosslinking agent in the step (1) is a trifunctional aziridine crosslinking agent.
2. The preparation method of the polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the weight parts of the polyurethane aqueous dispersion liquid and the pyridine monomer in the step (2) are 75-95 parts and 5-25 parts in sequence, and the weight part of the aziridine cross-linking agent aqueous solution is 0.5-5 parts.
3. The preparation method of the polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the polyurethane aqueous dispersion liquid in the step (2) is a commercially available anionic polyurethane dispersion liquid.
4. The preparation method of the polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), the polyurethane hydrogel and the acidic aqueous solution of ferric chloride are added in the amount of 10-50 parts by weight and 100-1000 parts by weight in sequence.
5. The preparation method of the polypyrrole/polyurethane composite conductive hydrogel according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), the concentration of ferric trichloride is 20-80 g/L, the acidic aqueous solution is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid, and the concentration of the acidic aqueous solution is 0.5-2 mol/L.
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