CN109912634B - Aggregation-induced emission type fluorescent material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Aggregation-induced emission type fluorescent material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gathering induced luminescence type fluorescent material, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the general structural formula of the fluorescent material isWherein R represents a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a halogen, C1~C4Alkyl radical, C1~C3Alkoxy, hydroxyl or N, N-dimethyl, which is prepared by taking salicylaldehyde derivatives and para-substituted aniline as raw materials, obtaining intermediate imine through simple dehydration condensation reaction, and then reacting with boron trifluoride diethyl etherate. The fluorescent material has aggregation-induced emission characteristics, can specifically mark lipid droplets in living cells, and is an excellent lipid droplet imaging dye.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fluorescent materials for biomedicine, and particularly relates to a fluorescent material with aggregation-induced emission property, a preparation method of the fluorescent material and application of the fluorescent material in marking lipid droplets.
Background
Fluorescent materials have great application value in the fields of photoelectric devices, environmental sensors, bioscience and the like, and have attracted great attention of scientists in recent years. Fluorescence detection not only has high sensitivity, but also overcomes a series of problems in biochemical tests that require expensive and difficult-to-handle radioactive tracing reagents. As the use of fluorescence in cellular and molecular imaging has increased, fluorescence imaging has revealed the localization and measurement of molecules within cells, and has sometimes enabled detection at the single molecule level. At present, there are many reports on lipid droplet bioimaging, and the bioimaging research attracts the interest of researchers, but the traditional fluorescent materials are easy to quench fluorescence at high concentration and have low solid quantum yield. With the development of Aggregation Induced Emission (AIE) fluorescent materials with high emission efficiency, strong light resistance, and good biocompatibility, a large number of AIE fluorescent materials are used for biological imaging.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fluorescent material with aggregation-induced emission performance, and provides a preparation method and application for the fluorescent material.
In view of the above object, the structural general formula of the fluorescent material used in the present invention is as follows:
wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a halogen, C1~C4Alkyl radical, C1~C3Preferably, R represents any one of a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, fluorine, a methoxy group, a hydroxyl group and N, N-dimethyl.
The preparation method of the aggregation-induced emission fluorescent material comprises the following steps:
1. taking toluene as a solvent, carrying out reflux reaction on m-anisidine, iodobenzene and potassium tert-butoxide at 120-130 ℃ under the catalytic action of catalytic amount of 1, 10-phenanthroline and cuprous iodide in an inert atmosphere until the reaction is complete, and separating and purifying the product to obtain a compound I.
2. And (3) taking dichloromethane as a solvent, reacting the compound I and boron tribromide at normal temperature to be complete, and separating and purifying a product to obtain a compound II.
3. And (3) taking N, N-dimethylformamide as a solvent, reacting the compound II with phosphorus oxychloride at 50-70 ℃ under an inert atmosphere till the reaction is complete, and separating and purifying the product to obtain a compound III.
4. Taking ethanol as a solvent, completely carrying out reflux reaction on the compound III and para-substituted aniline shown in a formula IV at 90-100 ℃, and evaporating to remove ethanol to obtain intermediate imine shown in a formula V; and then, taking dichloromethane as a solvent, carrying out a reflux reaction on the intermediate imine, boron trifluoride ethyl ether and N, N-diisopropylethylamine at 70-90 ℃ completely, and separating and purifying the product to obtain the aggregation-induced emission fluorescent material.
In the step 1, the molar ratio of m-anisidine to iodobenzene, potassium tert-butoxide, 1, 10-phenanthroline and cuprous iodide is preferably 1: 4-6: 0.15-0.25.
In the step 2, the molar ratio of the compound I to the boron tribromide is preferably 1: 1.2-2.
In the step 3, the molar ratio of the compound II to the phosphorus oxychloride is preferably 1: 8-9.
In the step 4, the molar ratio of the compound III to the para-substituted aniline, the boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and the N, N-diisopropylethylamine is preferably 1: 2-3: 5-7.
The application of the aggregation-induced emission fluorescent material as a dye in marking lipid droplets is the same as the existing lipid droplet marking method in the specific use method.
The invention synthesizes a series of fluorescent materials with aggregation-induced emission based on a simple skeleton formed by N, N-diphenyl salicylaldehyde and aniline by changing a substituent group at the para position on the aniline. The fluorescent material has the emission wavelength from 550nm to 578nm, has good solubility in organic solvents, is hardly dissolved in water, can form aggregates in water phase, and has remarkable aggregation-induced emission characteristics. Further biological experiments showed that: the aggregation-induced emission material has good biocompatibility, can be used for specifically marking lipid droplets in living cells, and is an excellent lipid droplet imaging dye.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a fluorescence emission spectrum of the fluorescent material prepared in example 1 in a mixed system of dimethyl sulfoxide and water.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relative fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent material prepared in example 1 in a mixed system of dimethyl sulfoxide and water.
FIG. 3 is a fluorescence emission spectrum of the fluorescent material prepared in example 2 in a mixed system of dimethyl sulfoxide and water.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relative fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent material prepared in example 2 in a mixed system of dimethyl sulfoxide and water.
FIG. 5 is a fluorescence emission spectrum of the fluorescent material prepared in example 3 in a mixed system of dimethyl sulfoxide and water.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relative fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent material prepared in example 3 in a mixed system of dimethyl sulfoxide and water.
FIG. 7 is a fluorescence emission spectrum of the fluorescent material prepared in example 4 in a mixed system of dimethyl sulfoxide and water.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relative fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent material prepared in example 4 in a mixed system of dimethyl sulfoxide and water.
FIG. 9 is a fluorescence emission spectrum of the fluorescent material prepared in example 5 in a mixed system of dimethyl sulfoxide and water.
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relative fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent material prepared in example 5 in a mixed system of dimethyl sulfoxide and water.
FIG. 11 is a fluorescence emission spectrum of the fluorescent material prepared in example 6 in a mixed system of dimethyl sulfoxide and water.
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the relative fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent material prepared in example 6 in a mixed system of dimethyl sulfoxide and water.
Fig. 13 is a diagram showing a cell image of the fluorescent material prepared in example 1.
Fig. 14 is a diagram showing a cell image of the fluorescent material prepared in example 2.
Fig. 15 is a diagram of a cell image of the fluorescent material prepared in example 3.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following figures and examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
1. In a nitrogen atmosphere, adding 2mL (17.86mmol) of m-anisidine, 10mL (89.3mmol) of iodobenzene, 10g (89.1mmol) of potassium tert-butoxide into 30mL of toluene, adding 644mg (3.572mmol) of 1, 10-phenanthroline and 680mg (3.572mmol) of cuprous iodide, carrying out reflux reaction at 125 ℃ for 24 hours, and carrying out column chromatography (eluent is pure petroleum ether) separation and purification to obtain a compound I with the yield of 75%.
2. Dissolving 2g (7.27mmol) of the compound I in 10mL of dry dichloromethane, adding 5mL of dichloromethane solution containing 1.03mL (10.9mmol) of boron tribromide in an ice bath, connecting the dichloromethane solution with a condenser tube, connecting the drying tube with the condenser tube, naturally heating to the normal temperature, stirring for reacting for 24 hours, adding water for quenching after the reaction is finished, removing dichloromethane, extracting with ethyl acetate and water, and performing column chromatography (eluent is a mixed solution of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate in a volume ratio of 125: 1) to obtain the compound II, wherein the yield is 68%.
3. Under the protection of nitrogen, 7.81mL of N, N-dimethylformamide solution containing 3.96mL (42.5mmol) of phosphorus oxychloride is stirred at room temperature for about 30min to turn pink; dissolving 1.3g (5mmol) of a compound II in 10mL of N, N-dimethylformamide, dropwise adding the obtained pink solution under the conditions of nitrogen atmosphere and stirring, reacting at 60 ℃ for 24 hours after dropwise adding, adding ice water to quench after the reaction is finished, adjusting the pH value to be about 5-6 by using a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 40%, extracting by using ethyl acetate and water, and performing column chromatography (eluent is a mixed solution of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate with the volume ratio of 100: 1) to obtain a compound III, wherein the yield is 41.6%.
4. Adding 81mg (0.28mmol) of the compound III and 79mg (0.71mmol) of para-fluoroaniline (formula IV-1) into 10mL of ethanol, carrying out reflux reaction at 95 ℃ for 0.5 h, and distilling off the ethanol to obtain an intermediate imine shown as a formula V-1; 10mL of dichloromethane is added into the obtained intermediate imine, 210mL (1.68mmol) of boron trifluoride diethyl ether and 280mL (1.68mmol) of N, N-diisopropylethylamine are added into the intermediate imine, the mixture is refluxed and reacted for 1.5 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, and column chromatography is carried out (eluent is a mixed solution of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate in a volume ratio of 100: 1) to obtain the fluorescent material shown as VI-1, and the yield of the fluorescent material is 83%.
The structural characterization data of the obtained fluorescent material are:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.08(s,1H),7.46(dd,J=8.7,4.7Hz,2H),7.37(t,J=7.6Hz,4H),7.26-7.14(m,7H),7.09(t,J=8.5Hz,2H),6.56-6.37(m,2H).
example 2
The same procedure used in example 1 was repeated except for replacing p-fluoroaniline in example 1 with an equimolar amount of p-methoxyaniline (formula IV-2) in step 4 of this example to give a fluorescent material represented by VI-2 in a yield of 35%.
The structural characterization data of the obtained fluorescent material are:1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO)δ8.78(s,1H),7.67-7.17(m,13H),7.05(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.41(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),6.05(s,1H),3.80(s,3H).
example 3
The same procedure used in example 1 was repeated except for replacing the p-fluoroaniline used in example 1 by an equimolar amount of p-cyanoaniline (formula IV-2) in step 4 of this example to give a fluorescent material represented by VI-3 in a yield of 32%.
The structural characterization data of the obtained fluorescent material are:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.13(s,1H),7.75(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.64(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.41(t,J=7.6Hz,4H),7.29(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.23(dd,J=11.0,3.7Hz,5H),6.51(dd,J=8.9,2.2Hz,1H),6.42(d,J=1.9Hz,1H).
example 4
In step 4 of this example, para-fluoroaniline in example 1 was replaced with equimolar aniline (formula IV-4), and the mixture of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane in a volume ratio of 40:1:1 was used as an eluent, and the other steps were the same as in example 1, whereby a fluorescent material represented by VI-4 was obtained with a yield of 52%.
The structural characterization data of the obtained fluorescent material are:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.14(s,1H),7.58-7.32(m,9H),7.22(dt,J=8.9,3.1Hz,7H),6.55-6.43(m,2H).
example 5
In step 4 of this example, p-fluoroaniline in example 1 was replaced with N, N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (formula IV-5) in equimolar amounts, and the mixture of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate in a volume ratio of 20:1 was used as an eluent, and the other steps were the same as in example 1, whereby a fluorescent material shown in VI-5 was obtained with a yield of 47%.
The structural characterization data of the obtained fluorescent material are:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.09(s,1H),7.45-7.29(m,6H),7.25-7.14(m,7H),6.71(d,J=9.1Hz,2H),6.55-6.45(m,2H),2.99(s,6H).
example 6
In step 4 of this example, para-fluoroaniline in example 1 was replaced with an equimolar amount of para-hydroxyaniline (formula IV-6), and a mixed solution of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate in a volume ratio of 10:1 was used as an eluent, and the other steps were the same as in example 1, whereby a fluorescent material represented by VI-6 was obtained at a yield of 60%.
The structural characterization data of the obtained fluorescent material are:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.08(s,1H),7.37(dd,J=12.6,5.2Hz,6H),7.21(dd,J=11.3,4.9Hz,7H),6.86(t,J=9.4Hz,2H),6.55-6.43(m,2H),5.30(s,1H).
the inventors have carried out an aggregation-induced emission performance test on the fluorescent materials prepared in the above examples 1 to 6, and the specific test method is as follows: preparing aqueous solution of dimethyl sulfoxide with water content of 0%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, 95%, 99%, adding fluorescent material into the obtained solution to obtain a solution with concentration of 1 × 10-5And (3) testing the aggregation-induced emission property of the fluorescent material by using a Hitachi F-7000 fluorescence spectrophotometer in the mol/L fluorescent material solution, wherein the result is shown in the figure 1-12. As can be seen from the figure, the fluorescent materials obtained in the embodiments 1 to 6 of the invention all have aggregation-induced emission properties.
Example 7
Application of fluorescent material prepared in embodiments 1-6 as dye in marking lipid droplets
The assay was performed using Hela cells, which were grown in the logarithmic phase, were trypsinized with Hella cells, centrifuged for 5 minutes, the supernatant was removed, 1.0mL of fresh DMEM incomplete high-sugar medium was added to prepare a single cell suspension, and the number of cells was counted at 1X 1042.0mL of DMEM incomplete high-sugar culture solution was inoculated on a 35mm dish, cultured for 48 hours, and cell morphology was observed for a certain period of time. When the cells can be used for cell imaging, the floating cells are washed away by PBS buffer solution, and 20 mu mol/L of the prepared PBS solution of the fluorescent material prepared in the example 1-3 is respectively added at 37 DEG CAfter incubation for 30 minutes in the cell incubator, the PBS medium was carefully removed and washed twice with PBS solution, and then cell imaging was performed under an olympus fluorescence confocal microscope.
As can be seen from FIGS. 13 to 15, the fluorescent materials prepared in examples 1 to 3 were labeled with lipid droplets in cells.
Claims (8)
2. The aggregation-induced emission fluorescent material according to claim 1, wherein: and R represents any one of a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, fluorine, a methoxy group, a hydroxyl group and N, N-dimethyl.
3. A method for preparing the aggregation-induced emission fluorescent material according to claim 1, wherein:
(1) taking toluene as a solvent, carrying out reflux reaction on m-anisidine, iodobenzene and potassium tert-butoxide at 120-130 ℃ to be complete under the catalytic action of catalytic amount of 1, 10-phenanthroline and cuprous iodide in an inert atmosphere, and separating and purifying a product to obtain a compound I;
(2) taking dichloromethane as a solvent, reacting the compound I with boron tribromide at normal temperature to be complete, and separating and purifying a product to obtain a compound II;
(3) taking N, N-dimethylformamide as a solvent, reacting the compound II with phosphorus oxychloride at 50-70 ℃ under an inert atmosphere till the reaction is complete, and separating and purifying a product to obtain a compound III;
(4) taking ethanol as a solvent, completely carrying out reflux reaction on the compound III and para-substituted aniline shown in a formula IV at 90-100 ℃, and evaporating to remove ethanol to obtain intermediate imine shown in a formula V; then, taking dichloromethane as a solvent, carrying out a reflux reaction on the intermediate imine, boron trifluoride ethyl ether and N, N-diisopropylethylamine at 70-90 ℃ completely, and separating and purifying a product to obtain an aggregation-induced emission fluorescent material;
in the formula V, R represents a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a halogen, C1~C4Alkyl radical, C1~C3Any one of alkoxy, hydroxyl and N, N-dimethyl.
4. The method for producing an aggregation-induced emission fluorescent material according to claim 3, wherein: in the step (1), the molar ratio of m-anisidine to iodobenzene, potassium tert-butoxide, 1, 10-phenanthroline and cuprous iodide is 1: 4-6: 0.15-0.25.
5. The method for producing an aggregation-induced emission fluorescent material according to claim 3, wherein: in the step (2), the molar ratio of the compound I to boron tribromide is 1: 1.2-2.
6. The method for producing an aggregation-induced emission fluorescent material according to claim 3, wherein: in the step (3), the molar ratio of the compound II to the phosphorus oxychloride is 1: 8-9.
7. The method for producing an aggregation-induced emission fluorescent material according to claim 3, wherein: in the step (4), the molar ratio of the compound III to the para-substituted aniline, the boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and the N, N-diisopropylethylamine is 1: 2-3: 5-7.
8. Use of the aggregation-induced emission fluorescent material according to claim 1 as a dye for labeling lipid droplets for non-disease diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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