CN109906476A - The method of electronic equipment and this equipment of operation with display - Google Patents
The method of electronic equipment and this equipment of operation with display Download PDFInfo
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- CN109906476A CN109906476A CN201680090555.7A CN201680090555A CN109906476A CN 109906476 A CN109906476 A CN 109906476A CN 201680090555 A CN201680090555 A CN 201680090555A CN 109906476 A CN109906476 A CN 109906476A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
- G09G5/02—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the way in which colour is displayed
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
- G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
- G09G2320/0271—Adjustment of the gradation levels within the range of the gradation scale, e.g. by redistribution or clipping
- G09G2320/0276—Adjustment of the gradation levels within the range of the gradation scale, e.g. by redistribution or clipping for the purpose of adaptation to the characteristics of a display device, i.e. gamma correction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
- G09G2320/06—Adjustment of display parameters
- G09G2320/0626—Adjustment of display parameters for control of overall brightness
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2340/00—Aspects of display data processing
- G09G2340/06—Colour space transformation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2360/00—Aspects of the architecture of display systems
- G09G2360/14—Detecting light within display terminals, e.g. using a single or a plurality of photosensors
- G09G2360/144—Detecting light within display terminals, e.g. using a single or a plurality of photosensors the light being ambient light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2360/00—Aspects of the architecture of display systems
- G09G2360/16—Calculation or use of calculated indices related to luminance levels in display data
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Controls And Circuits For Display Device (AREA)
- Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of electronic equipment (100), it include: display (101), for showing electrical image data, wherein the display (101) includes multiple pixels, each pixel is associated at least one code value within the scope of code value, especially brightness value；And processor (103), tone mapping operator is determined for minimizing by the maximum value for the absolute value for making contrast lack function, wherein the contrast lacks distribution of code value of the function based on the multiple pixel within the scope of the code value and is also used to adjust the code value of the multiple pixel according to the tone mapping operator with exterior visual condition and/or at least one related parameter of the display (101), the processor (103).
Description
Technical field
In general, electronic equipment is with a kind of for showing the aobvious of electronic data the present invention relates to field of electronic device
Show device.More particularly it relates to a kind of electronic equipment with the display for capableing of real-time adjust automatically brightness.
Background technique
Be shown in the image on electronic handheld device display environment (around) light is flat significantly more than the display
There may be subjective impairments when equal brightness.A kind of challenge that ambient electronic equipment with display faces is constantly to change
Environment light condition under keep the perceived quality of display image constant, while be minimized the power consumption of display.
There are several known methods to can solve this problem.A kind of very simple method assumes that the peak of display sending
Value brightness is scaling up, such as the backlight level of LCD/TFT display is scaling up.The shortcomings that this method, is to show
The power consumption of device is heavily dependent on the brightness for issuing light.In addition, display manufacturer and used display technology are limited
Maximum display brightness there are physical limits.
Another method is increasing display brightness with the Nonlinear Processing of the image data shown (commonly referred to as
For tone mapping) combine.This method is more complicated, because the perceived quality of display image can be improved in image procossing,
Reduce extra power consumption.However, this method have the shortcomings that it is identical as first method, because of it is again assumed that peak brightness control
System.
Method most complicated at present is only to handle image data without the peak brightness of active control display.This side
Method does not need extra power consumption, but has the shortcomings that in terms of estimating best tone mapping operator obvious.Existing scheme is not using
Multiband (space) processing of same visual model and image data.However, this spatial manipulation increases answering for scheme
Polygamy, while input/output signal delay is also increased, this is most important for handling in real time.Another disadvantage of existing method
It is, for the darkroom luminance adaptation as reference, compensates the perceptual contrast and brightness of image, do not allow to be low-down
Environment light level finds best tone mapping operator.Another of these methods is the disadvantage is that, defining makes with reference to visual condition
The best tone mapping operator that mean square deviation between human visual system's reaction under the conditions of giving visually minimizes, the mankind
Vision system and real human's vision system are inconsistent.
Therefore, it is necessary to a kind of improvement electronic equipment with the display for capableing of real-time adjust automatically brightness and one kind are right
Induction method.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of improvement electronic equipments with the display for capableing of real-time adjust automatically brightness
And a kind of corresponding method.
Above and other target is realized by subject matter of the independent claims.More forms of implementation are wanted in appurtenance
Ask, illustrate with it is apparent in attached drawing.
According in a first aspect, the present invention relates to a kind of electronic equipment, comprising: display, for showing electrical image data
(or short " image "), wherein the display includes multiple pixels, each pixel is associated at least one within the scope of code value
Code value, especially brightness value, such as luma value；And processor, for by making contrast lack the maximum of function absolutely
Value minimizes to determine tone mapping operator, i.e. tone mapping operator value, wherein the contrast lacks function based on described more
Distribution of the code value of a pixel within the scope of the code value and the outside with the electronic equipment and/or the display
At least one related parameter of visual condition, the processor is also used to the multiple to adjust according to the tone mapping operator
The code value of pixel.
Therefore it provides a kind of improvement electronic equipment with the display for capableing of real-time adjust automatically brightness.For example, described
Electronic equipment may be embodied as smart phone, smartwatch, tablet computer or laptop.
According to as described above in a first aspect, in the first possible form of implementation of the electronic equipment, the processor
For according to contrast sensitivity loss function (contrast sensitivity loss function, CSLF) and described more
The product of the distribution of the code value of a pixel within the scope of the code value come determine contrast lack function (lack
Of contrast function, LCF).In one embodiment, the processor is used for according to following equation to determine
It states contrast and lacks function (lack of contrast function, LCF):
LCF (cv)=CSLF (cv) H (cv),
Wherein cv indicates that a code value within the scope of the code value, H indicate the code value of the multiple pixel
The distribution within the scope of the code value.In another form of implementation, the processor be used for according to following equation come
Determine that the contrast lacks function (lack of contrast function, LCF):
LCF (bin)=CSLF (bin) H (bin),
Wherein bin indicates that a subrange of the code value range, H indicate the multiple pixel in the code value model
Distribution of the code value in the subrange enclosed within the scope of the code value.
The first form of implementation according to the first aspect, may implement shape second in the electronic equipment
In formula, the processor is used to be determined the code value of the multiple pixel in the code value range according to following equation
The interior distribution:
Wherein w and h indicates the horizontal and vertical coordinate points of a pixel, w*And h*Indicate the horizontal pixel of the display
Quantity and vertical pixel quantity, YH, wIndicate luma value of the pixel at coordinate points w and h.
The first form of implementation according to the first aspect, the third in the electronic equipment may implement shape
In formula, the processor according to following equation for determining the multiple pixel in the subrange of the code value range
The distribution of the code value within the scope of the code value:
Wherein bin indicates that a subrange of the code value range, w and h indicate the horizontal and vertical seat of a pixel
Punctuate, w*And h*Indicate the horizontal pixel quantity and vertical pixel quantity of the display, YH, wIndicate the pixel in coordinate points w
With the 1uma value at h, bin_size indicates the size of the subrange of code value range in pixel, operatorIt indicates to be rounded downwards,
Descend bracket function.
According to first aspect as described above or its first any one of to the third form of implementation, set in the electronics
In the 4th kind of standby possible form of implementation, the processor is for determining the contrast sensitivity loss according to following equation
Function:
Wherein STMOIndicate the slope of the tone mapping operator, CSrPair when indicating to have reflection under the conditions of actual visual
Than degree sensitivity function, CSiIndicate the contrast sensitivity function there is no ideal when reflection under the conditions of visual, LiExpression is not deposited
The light emission luminance of one pixel with code value cv, L in reflectionambEnvironment light emission luminance is indicated, when Lr indicates to have reflection
The light emission luminance of one pixel with code value cv.In one embodiment, the processor can be used for according to following
Equation determines the slope of the tone mapping operator value:
STMO(cv)=TMO (cv)-TMO (cv-1), or
According to the 4th kind of form of implementation of the first aspect, the 5th kind in the electronic equipment may implement shape
In formula, the processor according to when there is reflection for having the light emission luminance L of the pixel of code value cvrWith do not deposit
The light emission luminance L of pixel with code value cv described in reflectioniBetween following relationship come estimate exist reflection when
The light emission luminance L of the pixel with code value cvr:
Lr(cv)=Li(cv)+krft·Lamb,
Wherein krflIndicate predefined reflection coefficient.
According to the 5th kind of form of implementation of the first aspect, the 6th kind in the electronic equipment may implement shape
In formula, the display is associated with electro-optic conversion function (electro-optical transfer function, EOTF), institute
State processor for according to the display the EOTF come determine be not present reflection when described in code value cv pixel
The light emission luminance Li.Therefore, in one embodiment, the processor according to following equation to determine for being not present
The light emission luminance L of pixel described in when reflection with code value cvi:
Li(cv)=EOTF (cv), or
Li(cv)=EOTF (TMO (cv)),
Wherein TMO (cv) indicates the code value adjusted by the tone mapping operator.
According to any one of described 4th kind of the first aspect to the 6th kind of form of implementation, in the electronic equipment
The 7th kind of possible form of implementation in, the electronic equipment further includes for measuring the environment light emission luminance LambPhotometer.
According to any one of described 4th kind of the first aspect to the 7th kind of form of implementation, in the electronic equipment
The 8th kind of possible form of implementation in, the processor for determined according to following equation in the presence of reflection when actual visual condition
Under the contrast sensitivity function CSrAnd the contrast sensitivity letter there is no ideal when reflection under the conditions of visual
Number CSi:
Wherein Δ LtIt indicates to be used as the environment light emission luminance LambWith the absolute increment threshold of the function of the light emission luminance L
Value, the light emission luminance L of pixel under the conditions of L can indicate ideal visuallyiOr in the presence of pixel under the conditions of actual visual when reflecting
Light emission luminance Lr。
According to the 8th kind of form of implementation of the first aspect, the 9th kind in the electronic equipment may implement shape
In formula, the processor is used for the absolute increment threshold value Δ L according to following equationtIt is determined as the light emission luminance LambAnd L
Function:
ΔLt=f (Lamb, L) and=L0*A(Lamb) * Λ (L),
Wherein the processor is also used to determine A (L according to following equationamb) and Λ (L):
With
Wherein the processor is also used to determine λ according to following equation:
Wherein a1、a2、a3、L0、λ1、xa0、b1、b2Indicate predefined constant.
It is described aobvious the present invention relates to the corresponding method that a kind of operation includes the electronic equipment of display according to second aspect
Show device for showing that electrical image data, the display include multiple pixels, each pixel is associated within the scope of code value
At least one code value, especially brightness value, the described method comprises the following steps: by making contrast lack the maximum of function absolutely
Value is minimized to determine tone mapping operator, i.e. tone mapping operator value, wherein the contrast lacks function based on described
Distribution of the code value of multiple pixels within the scope of the code value and outer with the electronic equipment and/or the display
At least one related parameter of the visual condition in portion；And the institute of the multiple pixel is adjusted according to the tone mapping operator value
State code value.
According to second aspect as described above, in the first possible form of implementation of the method, the method includes again
One step: according to contrast sensitivity loss function (contrast sensitivity loss function, CSLF) and institute
The product of the distribution of the code value of multiple pixels within the scope of the code value is stated to determine that the contrast lacks letter
Number (lack of contrast function, LCF).In one embodiment, the contrast lacks function (lack
Ofcontrast function, LCF) it is based on following equation:
LCF (cv)=CSLF (cv) H (cv),
Wherein cv indicates that a code value within the scope of the code value, H indicate the code value of the multiple pixel
The distribution within the scope of the code value.In another form of implementation, the contrast lacks function (lack of
Contrast function, LCF) it is based on following equation:
LCF (bin)=CSLF (bin) H (bin),
Wherein bin indicates that a subrange of the code value range, H indicate the multiple pixel in the code value model
Distribution of the code value in the subrange enclosed within the scope of the code value.
According to second aspect as described above or its first form of implementation, second in the method may form of implementation
In, the method includes another steps: the contrast sensitivity loss function is determined according to following equation:
Wherein STMOIndicate the slope of the tone mapping operator, CSrIt indicates (to reflect that is, existing under the conditions of actual visual
When) contrast sensitivity function, CSiThe contrast sensitivity letter of (that is, there is no when reflection) is indicated under the conditions of ideal is visual
Number, LiIndicate that there is no the light emission luminance of one pixel with code value cv when reflection, LambIndicate environment light emission luminance, LrTable
Show the light emission luminance of one pixel with code value cv when in the presence of reflection.
According to second of form of implementation of the second aspect, in the third possible form of implementation of the method
In, the method includes another steps: described under the conditions of determining actual visual according to following equation (that is, when there is reflection)
Contrast sensitivity function CSrWith the contrast sensitivity function CS of the ideal under the conditions of visual (that is, when there is no reflecting)i:
Wherein Δ LtIt indicates to be used as the environment light emission luminance LambWith the absolute increment threshold of the function of the light emission luminance L
Value, the light emission luminance L of pixel under the conditions of L can indicate ideal visuallyiOr in the presence of pixel under the conditions of actual visual when reflecting
Light emission luminance Lr。
The third form of implementation according to the second aspect, in the 4th kind of possible form of implementation of the method
In, the method includes another steps: according to following equation by the absolute increment threshold value Δ LtIt is determined as the light emission luminance
LambWith the function of L:
ΔLt=f (Lamb, L) and=L0*A(Lamb) * Λ (L),
Wherein the method includes another steps: A (L is determined according to following equationamb) and Λ (L):
With
Wherein the method includes another steps: λ is determined according to following equation:
Wherein a1、a2、a3、L0、λ1、xa0、b1、b2Indicate predefined constant.
According to the third aspect, the present invention relates to a kind of computer program including program code, the computer program exists
For executing the method according to second aspect when being executed on computer.
The present invention can be implemented in hardware and/or software.
Detailed description of the invention
Other embodiments of the invention will be described in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is shown to be set according to a kind of electronics with for showing the display of electronic data of illustrating of one embodiment
Standby schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 shows the flow charts for the process implemented in the electronic device according to the diagram of one embodiment；
Fig. 3 a and Fig. 3 b show the conduct pixel codes value implemented in the electronic device according to embodiments of the present invention and bin
The figure of the tone mapping operator value of number；
Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 b show the tone mapping operator value implemented in the electronic device according to embodiments of the present invention and
The figure of tone mapping operator value slope；
Fig. 5 a is shown to be used to determine best tone mapping operator according to what one embodiment was implemented in the electronic device
The flow chart of the initial phase of iterative process；
Fig. 5 b and Fig. 5 c are shown to be used to determine best tone mapping according to what one embodiment was implemented in the electronic device
The flow chart of the iteration phase of the iterative process of operator；
The difference that Fig. 6 a to Fig. 6 g shows the iterative process as shown in Fig. 5 a to 5c illustrated according to one embodiment changes
For the different amounts of corresponding figure in the stage；And
Fig. 7 shows a kind of for operating the method for the electronic equipment with display according to illustrating for one embodiment
Schematic diagram.
In the drawings, identical or at least the equivalent feature of function use identical reference label.
Specific embodiment
It is described below in conjunction with attached drawing, the attached drawing is a part of description, and is shown by way of diagram illustrating
Specific aspect of the invention can be implemented.It is understood that without departing from the present invention, can use other
Aspect, and change in structure or in logic can be made.Therefore, detailed description below is of the invention not as restriction
Range is defined by the following claims.
It is understood that and the related content of described method for for executing the corresponding equipment of method or being
System is equally applicable, and vice versa.For example, corresponding equipment may include using if describing a specific method and step
In the unit for executing described method and step, even if such unit does not elaborate or illustrates in figure.Furthermore, it is to be understood that
Unless specifically indicated otherwise, otherwise the feature of various illustrative aspects described herein can be combined with each other.
Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of the diagram electronic equipment 100 according to one embodiment.For example, electronic equipment 100 can be with
It is embodied as smart phone, smartwatch, tablet computer or laptop.
Electronic equipment 100 includes the display 101 for showing electrical image data (or short " image ").Implement at one
In example, for example, display 101 can be LCD display 101 or displayer 101.
Display 101 includes multiple horizontal and vertical pixels, and each pixel is associated with code value range, and (also referred to as work model
Enclose) at least one code value, especially brightness value, such as luma value Y.In one embodiment, working range can be from 0
To 255 (code values of i.e. 8 expressions).
Electronic equipment 101 further includes processor 103, most for the maximum value by making the absolute value of contrast shortage function
Smallization determines tone mapping operator, i.e. tone mapping operator value, and wherein contrast lacks code of the function based on multiple pixels
It is worth the distribution and related with the exterior visual condition of electronic equipment 101 and/or display at least one within the scope of code value
A parameter, the processor are also used to adjust the code value of multiple pixels according to tone mapping operator.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, electronic equipment 100 further includes photometer 105, for passing through measurement environment luminance
Degree is to determine exterior visual condition.
The other embodiments of electronic equipment 100 will be described below.
As used herein, the image to be shown of display 101 is code value (cv) array, which is in real scene
Object pixel brightness and color digital representation.Each code value may include 3 components: indicate the Y of pixel intensity
Component and two color component Cr and Cb (or U and V) for indicating pixel color.The embodiment of the present invention is based on Y-component.
As previously mentioned, the value of the code value cv of image can be located in the working range of code value.For example, 8 positional representations
Middle hypothesis working range WR=[0 ... 255], allowing code value is all integer values in the working range.For 10 tables
Show method, working range WR=[0 ... 1023], allowing code value is all integer values in the working range.It is also likely to be it
Its representation (floating point representation of code value, limited operating range).
In one embodiment, the processor 103 in electronic equipment 100 is used for according to contrast sensitivity loss function
Point of the code value of (contrast sensitivity loss function, CSLF) and multiple pixels within the scope of code value
The product of cloth come determine contrast lack function (lack of contrast function, LCF).Therefore, in one embodiment
In, processor 103 for determined according to following equation contrast lack function (lack of contrast function,
LCF):
LCF (cv)=CSLF (cv) H (cv),
Wherein cv indicates that a code value within the scope of code value, H indicate the code value of multiple pixels in code value range
Interior distribution.
In one embodiment, processor 103 is used to be determined the code value of multiple pixels in code according to following equation
The distribution being worth in range:
Wherein w and h indicates the horizontal and vertical coordinate points of a pixel, w*And h*Indicate the horizontal pixel quantity of display
With vertical pixel quantity, YH, wIndicate luma value of the pixel at coordinate points w and h.For example, for 8 positional representations, histogram
It is the one-dimension array comprising 256 components.
Simplification version of the embodiment of the present invention based on the above-mentioned image histogram H using bin.For example, working range WR=
[0 ... 255] can be divided into 32 subranges or bin, such as [0 ... 7], [8 ... 15] ... [248 ... 255] are (often
A bin has 8 code values).Therefore, in this embodiment, processor 103 is for determining that contrast is lacked according to following equation
Weary function (lack of contrast function, LCF):
LCF (bin)=CSLF (bin) H (bin),
Wherein bin indicates that a subrange of code value range, H indicate multiple pixels in the subrange of code value range
Distribution of the code value within the scope of code value.
In one embodiment, the processor 103 in electronic equipment 100 is for determining according to following equation with histogram
Code value distribution code value within the scope of of the multiple pixels that form indicates in the subrange of code value range:
Wherein bin indicates that a subrange of code value range, w and h indicate the horizontal and vertical coordinate points of a pixel,
w*And h*Indicate the horizontal pixel quantity and vertical pixel quantity of display, YH, wIndicate luma of the pixel at coordinate points w and h
Value, bin_size indicate the size of the subrange of code value range in pixel, operatorIt indicates to be rounded downwards, i.e., it is lower to be rounded letter
Number.
The embodiment of the present invention utilizes the electro-optic conversion function (electro of the display 101 in electronic equipment 100
Optical transfer function, EOTF).EOTF is the function that the code value of pixel is converted to brightness value, i.e.,
EOTF (cv)=f (cv),
Wherein f can be normalization function or be defined by the manufacturer of display 101.In embodiments of the present invention, base
In the bin comprising code value, processor 103 is used for the simplification version of EOTF, it may be assumed that
The simplification version of EOTF is that the code value in bin returns to average brightness value.
It the surface of display usually can be with reflection environment light Lamb.Therefore, in one embodiment, processor 103 is for examining
Consider reflection coefficient k associated with display 101rfl.In one embodiment, processor 103 is for pixel intensity to be estimated as
The sum of itself light of display 101 and reflected light, it may be assumed that
Lr(cv)=EOTF (cv)+krfl·Lamb=Li(cv)+krfl·Lamb
In another embodiment, processor 103 is used to that pixel intensity to be estimated as display 101 certainly according to following equation
The sum of body light and reflected light:
Lr(cv)=EOTF (TMO (cv))+krfl·Lamb,
Wherein TMO (cv) indicates the code value adjusted by tone mapping operator.
The embodiment of the present invention is based on surrounding brightness level and significantly affects this hypothesis of image perception.As described above, surrounding is bright
Spend LambVisible reflectance may be generated on the surface of display 101, damage the perceived brightness and contrast of image.
In addition, even if the contrast that very low and high surrounding brightness also will lead to human eye certainly is quick without visible reflectance
Perception decline.This effect is known as luminance adaptation.
The key parameter of exterior visual condition is the average brightness L of ambient lightamb.The parameter is neither image is also not
Show feature, it is, for example, possible to use in electronic equipment photometer or illumination photometer 105 individually estimated.
" ideal visual condition " used herein is human eye with the condition under maximum-contrast sensitive case.If ring
The average brightness of border light is equal to the brightness that observer attempts the object identified on display 101, then the comparison of observer
Degree sensibility can achieve maximum value.So " the ideal visual condition " of observer means observer to identify in image
All objects can manually change ambient light: reduce the ambient light that object is identified in image dimmed regions, increase is being schemed
Ambient light as identifying object in bright areas.In addition, " ideal visual condition " means that the surface of display 101 is not anti-
It penetrates, i.e. krfl=0.
It is nearly impossible in fact, to reach ideal visual condition, because the user of smart phone or plate can not
Change ambient light.Thus, it is supposed that " actual visual condition " Yao Xianshi is much, i.e., ambient light comes from uncontrollable light source.This meaning
Taste the brightness of object in the image on display 101 be different from average environment light luminance level LambImage-region deposit
It is lost in contrast sensitivity.
Variation of the embodiment of the present invention in view of human eye contrast degree sensibility when visual condition changes.In one embodiment
In, processor 103 according to following equation for determining: there are the contrast sensitivity letters under the conditions of actual visual when reflection
Number, here shown as CSr, that is, it is applied to light emission luminance L when in the presence of reflectionrContrast sensitivity function CS；And there is no anti-
Contrast sensitivity function under the conditions of ideal is visual when penetrating, here shown as CSi, that is, it is applied to luminance when reflection is not present
Spend LiContrast sensitivity function CS:
Wherein Δ LtIt indicates to be used as light emission luminance LambWith the absolute increment threshold value of the function of L, L represents ideal visual condition
The light emission luminance L of lower pixeliOr there is the light emission luminance L of pixel under the conditions of actual visual when reflectingr。
Contrast sensitivity CS (L, Lamb) not instead of scalar (average) feature of human eye under the conditions of given visual, one
A function is background luminance L (i.e. the brightness of the generation of display 101) and ambient brightness LambEvery kind of combination define one group pair
Than degree sensitivity value.Absolute increment threshold value Δ LtIt is that background luminance L and observer attempt between the brightness L+ Δ L of the object identified
Required lowest difference.If Δ L < Δ Lt, object is invisible, if Δ L > Δ Lt, object is visible.
In one embodiment, the processor 103 in electronic equipment 100 is used for absolute increment threshold value according to following equation
ΔLtIt is determined as brightness LambWith the function of L:
ΔLt=f (Lamb, L) and=L0*A(Lamb) * Λ (L),
Wherein processor 103 is also used to determine A (L according to following equationamb) and Λ (L):
With
Wherein processor 103 is also used to determine λ according to following equation:
Wherein a1、a2、a3、L0、λ1、xa0、b1、b2Indicate predefined constant.Fig. 2 shows corresponding flow chart (wherein Lamb?
Abbreviated is La).In processing step 201, processor 103 is according to LaTo determine A.In processing step 203,205 and 207, place
Reason device 103 determines Λ according to A and L.In processing step 209, processor 103 determines Δ L according to A and Λt.Exemplary
In embodiment, predefined constant has following values: a1=4800000, a2=7100, a3=0.00045, L0=0.000001, λ1
=0.02, χa0=100.0, b1=0.98, b2Tone mapping operator used in processor 103 in=0.1 electronic equipment 100
The code value of the pixel of image to be shown in (tone mapping operator, TMO) processing display 101.Therefore, TMO
It may be considered the output code value for defining how each input code value in calculation code value range i.e. working range.
In one embodiment, TMO can be indicated by table, be used by processor 103.For example, in one embodiment, the 8 of TMO
Position indicates can be as follows:
| Input CV | Export CV |
| 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 2 |
| 2 | 3 |
| …… | |
| 126 | 132 |
| …… | |
| 254 | 253 |
| 255 | 255 |
In embodiments of the present invention, based on the bin comprising code value, processor 103 is used for the simplification version of TMO
Or bin editions.The simplification version of TMO operates in the subrange (bin) of code value, is only the maximum in each bin in the table
Code value rather than all code values define output code value.Bilinear interpolation can be used in the residue code value calculated in bin.
For example, 8 of simplified TMO are expressed as follows:
| bin | Export CV |
| 1 | 12 |
| 2 | 19 |
| 3 | 25 |
| …… |
For example, output CV can be rebuild in the following manner for bin=1 (CV=[0 ... 7]):
For bin=2 (CV=[8 ... 15]), exporting CV can rebuild in the following manner:
| Input CV | Export CV |
| 8 | 12+(19-12)×(8-7)/8 |
| 9 | 12+(19-12)×(9-7)/8 |
| 10 | 12+(19-12)×(10-7)/8 |
| 11 | 12+(19-12)×(11-7)/8 |
| 12 | 12+(19-12)×(12-7)/8 |
| 13 | 12+(19-12)×(13-7)/8 |
| 14 | 12+(19-12)×(13-7)/8 |
| 15 | 19 |
The figure of complete TMO is as shown in the smoothed curve in Fig. 3 a.Figure such as Fig. 3 b of simplified TMO (bin_size=16)
In sectional curve shown in.
The key feature of TMO is the TMO slope of a curve of all code values or bin in the working range of image data
There is a class value.Therefore, in one embodiment, processor 103 is for determining tone mapping operator value according to following equation
Slope:
STMO(cv)=TMO (cv)-TMO (cv-1), or
After the simplification for the bin that Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 b show 16 sizes the value (Fig. 4 a, identical as Fig. 3 b) of TMO and simplify after
The slope (Fig. 4 b) of TMO.If slope is greater than 1 in fig. 4b, i.e. S (bin) > 1, it is meant that TMO increases clarity and background
The contrast L ∈ bin of brightness.If slope is less than 1, i.e. S (bin) < 1, it is meant that TMO reduces clarity and background luminance
Contrast L ∈ bin.Therefore, according to embodiments of the present invention, slope value is that control contrast variation mends to (part or all of)
Repay the TMO parameter of the given loss of contrast.
As described above, the embodiment of the present invention utilizes tone mapping operator (tone mapping operator, TMO) conduct
Image enhancement tool.As described in greater detail below, the embodiment of the present invention can determine best TMO, this is in view of given visual
Condition (Lamb), given display parameters (EOTF, Krfl) and given display image statistics data (i.e. distribution or image histogram H).
The embodiment of the present invention is based on the universal method for optimizing TMO by the loss of compensation visible contrast.It can refer to and give
Fixed visual condition and ideal visual condition calculate visible contrast loss.
In the embodiment of the present invention, uses display parameters, visual condition and be applied to pair that the TMO of image takes into account
Than degree sensitiveness loss function (Contrast Sensitivity Loss Function, CSLF).Therefore, in one embodiment
In, processor 103 is for determining contrast sensitivity loss function according to following equation:
In embodiments of the present invention, based on the bin comprising code value, processor 103 is used for above-mentioned CSLF's
Simplify version.
As described above, the processor 103 in electronic equipment 100 is used to especially compare by making contrast lack function
The absolute value that degree lacks function minimizes to determine best tone mapping operator, i.e., best tone mapping operator value.Therefore, one
In a embodiment, processor 103 is used to for best TMO (optimal TMO, oTMO) being determined as that contrast to be made to lack function most
The tone mapping operator that big absolute value minimizes, it may be assumed that
In one embodiment, the processor 103 in electronic equipment 100 is for iteratively determining best TMO, it is as follows in
Described in Fig. 5 a to figure c corresponding content.
Fig. 5 a shows the first initialization rank for starting from step 500 and ending at step 509 according to one embodiment
Section.In step 501, by the way that the TMO value of each code value is equal to code value (since output cv is equal to input cv, institute
Any image procossing is not used with initial TMO) initialize the value of TMO.In step 503, TMO slope value is all set to 1,
That is STMO(cv)=1 (all values are equal to 1, so initial TMO does not use contrast variation).In step 505, " ideal " is aobvious
Show that the background value of device is only defined by EOTF, because " ideal " display does not include reflected light.In step 507, setting pair
Than the reference value of degree sensitivity function, i.e., ideal maximum achievable contrast sensitivity value.As described above, ideal visual condition is false
If ambient brightness, which is equal to, provides the background luminance of most preferably possible visual condition.
In one embodiment, processor 103 is best until realizing for repeating following steps shown in Fig. 5 b and Fig. 5 c
TMO, including start from step 510 and end at the TMO slope correction program of step 522 and start from step 530 and terminate
In the TMO correction program of step 532.
In step 511, the background value of the display 101 under the conditions of actual visual is determined as being applied to passes through color
Adjust the sum of EOTF and the reflected light of the code value of mapping operator processing.In step 513, the comparison under the conditions of actual visual is determined
The true sensitivity value of sensitivity function offer is spent (as described above, " actual visual condition " is bright depending on given environment
Spend Lamb).In step 515, contrast sensitivity loss function is calculated.In step 517, calculates contrast and lack function.?
In step 519, contrast correction coefficient C is determined according to following equationc:
Wherein r indicates the speed of correction coefficient.The example values of the speed of correction coefficient are r=0.001.
Contrast correction coefficient CcIt can be used to correct TMO slope in step 521, i.e., at LCF (cv) < 0, correspond to comparison
Degree loss, uses contrast correction coefficient Cc。
In TMO correction program, the TMO value after correction is rebuild using the TMO slope value after correction is (referring in Fig. 5 b
Step 531).
In the step 533 shown in Fig. 5 c, processor 103 checks whether TMO is optimal.If not also being, processor
103 return to the step 511 in Fig. 5 b.It is according to embodiments of the present invention, possible under different scenes that there are three types of the best TMO of version.It can
Partially to compensate the loss of contrast, i.e. LCF (cv)=const < 0.It can all compensate the loss of contrast, i.e. LCF (cv)=
Const=0.The loss of contrast can all be compensated, and contrast can be improved, i.e. LCF (cv)=var > 0.
Step 535 in Fig. 5 c indicates the processing step that front is executed to all code values defined in image to be processed.
Hereinafter, a kind of example is provided to illustrate the implementation of the embodiment of the present invention.In this example carry out it is assumed hereinafter that.
Display 101 in electronic equipment 100 image to be shown is indicated by multiple 8 code values of the Y-component of definition image.
Code value range, i.e. working range WR=[0 to 255] are divided into 32 bin, wherein the size of each bin is bin_size=
256/32=8.The distribution of code value, i.e. histogram H have 32 bin the normalized value of following exemplary: H (1) ... H
(6)=0.1333；H (7)=0.0667；H (8)=0.0533；H (9)=0.04；H (10)=0.0267；H (11)=0.0133；
H (12) ... H (32)=0.Exemplary environments brightness is Lamb=400 nits.Assuming that the display 103 in electronic equipment 100
EOTF be the standardized EOTF of ITU-R.BT-709, wherein black level Lb=0 nit, white level Lw=250 nit.Assuming that aobvious
The reflection coefficient for showing device 101 is krfl=0.03.Assuming that the speed of the correction coefficient described under the background of step 519 in figure 5b
Degree, i.e. r have value 0.001 (corresponding to slow correction).
In Fig. 6 a to Fig. 6 g, difference show it is following as bin number function amount (with from left to right, on to
Under sequence).
H: the histogram (will not change in iterative process) of code value；
TMO: initial TMO is straight line；
S: initial TMO slope is constant and is equal to 1；
Lr: the brightness of true display, curve is since non-zero, because there are reflection environment light emission luminance, in this example
In be 12 nits；
CSi: reasonable contrast degree sensitivity function/value is about 100 in entire working range；
CSr: since ambient light is very bright (400 nit), true sensitivity function/value is in the dim of dynamic range
Partially significantly reduced in (i.e. lesser bin number)；
CSLF: contrast sensitivity loss function is very high in the dim part of dynamic range；
LCF: contrast lack function it is very big because most of image histogram concentrate in mesopic range (i.e. be located at compared with
At small bin number)；
Cc: slope correction coefficient (as the step 519 in Fig. 5 b defines) is significantly greater than 1.0.
After the correction of the first slope shown in Fig. 6 b, TMO becomes stronger in mesopic range.Therefore, contrast is sensitive
Property loss function reduce, contrast lack function also reduce.However, they are still negative, so needing to carry out additional iterations.
After 4 iteration (shown in Fig. 6 c), contrast lacks function and reduces 4 times, but still is negative.
After 8 iteration (shown in Fig. 6 d), contrast lacks function and reduces 10 times, but still is negative.Although right
Lack function than degree and compensation almost has been obtained, but it can be accurately corrected to zero by additional iteration.Fig. 6 e and Fig. 6 f
Respectively illustrate the not same amount that 16 and 24 iteration are used as bin number function later.
After 80 iteration (shown in Fig. 6 g), TMO is had turned into best (in entire working range, LCF=0), and
Loss of contrast function obtains whole compensation.
Fig. 7 shows the schematic diagram for illustrating a kind of method 700 of electronic equipment 100 of the operation including display 101, display
Device 101 includes multiple pixels for showing electrical image data, display 101, and each pixel is associated within the scope of code value
At least one code value.Method 700 by the maximum value for the absolute value for making contrast lack function the following steps are included: minimized
Determine 701 tone mapping operators, i.e. tone mapping operator value, wherein contrast lacks code value of the function based on multiple pixels
Distribution and at least one parameter related with exterior visual condition and/or display 101 within the scope of code value；And root
The code value of a pixel more than 703 is adjusted according to tone mapping operator.
Although particularly unique feature of the present invention or aspect may be only in conjunction with one of several embodiments or embodiment
Carry out disclosure, but such features or aspect can in other embodiment or embodiment one or more other features or side
Face combines, as long as being in need or advantageous for any given or specific application.Moreover, to a certain extent, term " packet
Include ", other deformations of " having ", " having " or these words used in detailed description or claims, this kind of term and
Term "comprising" is similar, is all the meaning for indicating to include.Equally, term " illustratively ", " such as " it is only meant as example,
Rather than it is best or optimal.Term " coupling " and " connection " and its derivative can be used.It should be appreciated that these terms can be with
It is used to indicate two elements to cooperate or interact with, is direct physical contact or electrical contact or they that but regardless of them
This is not directly contacted with.
Although having illustrated and described specific aspect herein, it will be appreciated by the skilled addressee that not departing from
In the case where the scope of the present invention, various substitutions and/or equivalent implementations can substitute shown or described specific aspect.
This application is intended to cover any modification or change of particular aspects discussed herein.
Although the element in following claims is to be enumerated using corresponding label according to particular order, unless to power
The elaboration that benefit requires separately has the particular order implied for implementation section or all these elements, and otherwise these elements are not necessarily limited to
Implemented with the particular order.
By enlightening above, to those skilled in the art, many substitutions, modifications and variations are obvious.
Certainly, it will be readily recognized by one of average skill in the art that in addition to application as described herein, there is also of the invention numerous other
Using.Although having referred to one or more specific embodiments describes the present invention, those skilled in the art will realize that
Without departing from the scope of the present invention, still can to the present invention many modifications may be made.As long as it will be understood, therefore, that institute
In the range of attached claims and its equivalent, the present invention can be practiced with mode otherwise than as specifically described herein.
Claims (16)
1. a kind of electronic equipment (100) characterized by comprising
Display (101), for showing electrical image data, wherein the display (101) includes multiple pixels, each pixel
At least one code value being associated within the scope of code value；And
Processor (103) determines tone mapping for minimizing by the maximum value for the absolute value for making contrast lack function
Operator, wherein the contrast lack distribution of code value of the function based on the multiple pixel within the scope of the code value with
And with exterior visual condition and/or at least one related parameter of the display (101), the processor (103) is also used to
The code value of the multiple pixel is adjusted according to the tone mapping operator.
2. electronic equipment (100) according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the processor (103) is used for according to comparison
It is described with the multiple pixel to spend sensitiveness loss function (contrast sensitivity loss function, CSLF)
The product of the distribution of the code value within the scope of the code value come determine contrast lack function (lack of contrast
Function, LCF).
3. electronic equipment (100) according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the processor (103) is used for according to following
Equation determines the distribution of the code value of the multiple pixel within the scope of the code value:
Wherein w and h indicates the horizontal and vertical coordinate points of a pixel, w*And h*Indicate the horizontal pixel of the display (101)
Quantity and vertical pixel quantity, Yh,wIndicate luma value of the pixel at coordinate points w and h.
4. electronic equipment (100) according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the processor (103) is used for according to following
Equation determines code value of the multiple pixel in the subrange of the code value range within the scope of the code value
Distribution:
Wherein bin indicates that a subrange of the code value range, w and h indicate the horizontal and vertical coordinate points of a pixel,
w*And h*Indicate the horizontal pixel quantity and vertical pixel quantity of the display (101), Yh,wIndicate the pixel in coordinate points w
With the luma value at h, bin_size indicates the size of the subrange of code value range in pixel, operatorIt indicates to be rounded downwards.
5. electronic equipment (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, which is characterized in that the processor (103)
For determining the contrast sensitivity loss function according to following equation:
Wherein STMOIndicate the slope of the tone mapping operator, CSrIndicate the contrast sensitivity function under the conditions of actual visual,
CSiIndicate the contrast sensitivity function under the conditions of ideal is visual, LiIndicate that there is no one pictures with code value cv when reflection
The light emission luminance of element, LambIndicate environment light emission luminance, LrIndicate shining for the pixel that there is code value cv in the presence of one when reflecting
Brightness.
6. electronic equipment (100) according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the processor (103) is used for according to presence
The light emission luminance L of pixel described in when reflection with code value cvrWith there is no described in when reflection with code value cv
The light emission luminance L of pixeliBetween following relationship come estimate exist reflection when described in code value cv pixel institute
State light emission luminance Lr:
Lr(cv)=Li(cv)+krfl·Lamb,
Wherein krflIndicate reflection coefficient.
7. electronic equipment (100) according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the display (101) is associated with electric light and turns
Exchange the letters number (electro-optical transfer function, EOTF), the processor (103) are used for according to described aobvious
Show the EOTF of device (101) determine be not present reflection when described in code value cv pixel the light emission luminance Li。
8. electronic equipment (100) according to any one of claims 5 to 7, which is characterized in that the electronic equipment
It (100) further include for measuring the environment light emission luminance LambPhotometer (105).
9. the electronic equipment according to any one of claim 5 to 8 (100), which is characterized in that the processor (103)
For determining the contrast sensitivity function CS under the conditions of actual visual according to following equationrAnd ideal visual condition
Under the contrast sensitivity function CSi:
Wherein Δ LtIt indicates to be used as the environment light emission luminance LambWith the absolute increment threshold value of the function of the light emission luminance L, L generation
Light emission luminance L described in tableiOr the light emission luminance Lr。
10. electronic equipment (100) according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the processor (103) be used for according to
Lower equation is by the absolute increment threshold value Δ LtIt is determined as the light emission luminance LambWith the function of L:
ΔLt=f (Lamb, L) and=L0*A(Lamb) * Λ (L),
Wherein the processor (103) is also used to determine Α (L according to following equationamb) and Λ (L):
With
Wherein processor (103) is also used to determine λ according to following equation:
Wherein a1、a2、a3、L0、λ1、xa0、b1、b2Indicate predefined constant.
11. a kind of operation includes the method (700) of the electronic equipment (100) of display (101), the display (101) is used for
Show electrical image data, the display (101) includes multiple pixels, and each pixel is associated within the scope of code value at least
One code value, the method (700) the following steps are included:
It is minimized by the maximum value for the absolute value for making contrast lack function to determine (701) tone mapping operator, wherein institute
It states contrast and lacks distribution of code value of the function based on the multiple pixel within the scope of the code value and can with outside
Depending on condition and/or at least one related parameter of the display (101)；And
The code value of (703) the multiple pixel is adjusted according to the tone mapping operator.
12. according to the method for claim 11 (700), which is characterized in that the method (700) includes another step: root
According to contrast sensitivity loss function (contrast sensitivity loss function, CSLF) and the multiple pixel
The product of the distribution of the code value within the scope of the code value determine that the contrast lacks function (lack of
Contrast function, LCF).
13. method (700) according to claim 11 or 12, which is characterized in that the method includes another steps: according to
Following equation determines the contrast sensitivity loss function:
Wherein STMOIndicate the slope of the tone mapping operator, CSrIndicate the contrast sensitivity function under the conditions of actual visual,
CSiIndicate the contrast sensitivity function under the conditions of ideal is visual, LiIndicate that there is no one pictures with code value cv when reflection
The light emission luminance of element, LambIndicate environment light emission luminance, LrIndicate shining for the pixel that there is code value cv in the presence of one when reflecting
Brightness.
14. according to the method for claim 13 (700), which is characterized in that the method (700) includes another step: root
The contrast sensitivity function CS under the conditions of actual visual is determined according to following equationrWith it is ideal visual under the conditions of described in
Contrast sensitivity function CSi:
Wherein Δ LtIt indicates to be used as the environment light emission luminance LambWith the absolute increment threshold value of the function of the light emission luminance L, L generation
Light emission luminance L described in tableiOr the light emission luminance Lr。
15. according to the method for claim 14 (700), which is characterized in that the method (700) includes another step: root
According to following equation by the absolute increment threshold value Δ LtIt is determined as the light emission luminance LambWith the function of L:
ΔLt=f (Lamb, L) and=L0*A(Lamb) * Λ (L),
Wherein the method (700) includes another step: Α (L is determined according to following equationamb) and Λ (L):
With
Wherein the method (700) includes another step: λ is determined according to following equation:
Wherein a1、a2、a3、L0、λ1、xa0、b1、b2Indicate predefined constant.
16. a kind of computer program including program code, which is characterized in that when the computer program executes on computers
For executing method described in any one of 1 to 15 (700) according to claim 1.
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| PCT/RU2016/000744 WO2018084734A1 (en) | 2016-11-02 | 2016-11-02 | Electronic device with a display and method of operating such a device |
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