CN109901163B - Single-channel synchronous interference SAR realization method based on frequency transformation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a single-channel synchronous interference SAR realization method based on frequency conversion, which comprises the steps of carrying out range-direction resolving processing on echo data, recovering to obtain two kinds of separated radar echo data corresponding to different transmitting channels, respectively carrying out frequency shift processing and filtering processing on the two kinds of radar echo data of different transmitting channels, separating radar echo data corresponding to different receiving channels, and obtaining radar echo data of combination of the two kinds of transmitting channels and the receiving channels, namely transmitting A and receiving B, and receiving two kinds of interference SAR echo data; and carrying out SAR imaging processing and interference processing on the interference SAR echo data to obtain an InSAR elevation map. The invention realizes an equivalent long interference baseline scheme.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of synthetic aperture radars, in particular to a single-channel synchronous interference SAR realization method based on frequency transformation.
Background
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a high-resolution microwave imaging radar that can perform high-resolution detection of ground targets and has all-weather and all-time advantages. The interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) has all-weather and all-day imaging capability, and can measure the target elevation and acquire the regional digital elevation map, so the InSAR is widely applied to the fields of topographic mapping, surface deformation monitoring and the like, and has irreplaceable effects in the application fields of mapping, emergency mapping and the like of areas with limited optical mapping.
The length of the interference baseline is a key factor influencing the elevation precision of the interference SAR, the length of the interference baseline is limited by the installation condition of the flight platform, in order to improve the elevation precision, an equivalent long interference baseline scheme that a plurality of antennas transmit simultaneously and equivalently increase the length of the interference baseline simultaneously can be adopted, however, the traditional implementation method of the interference SAR system cannot distinguish echo signals of signals transmitted by different antennas on the premise of ensuring signal interference, and cannot realize the equivalent long interference baseline scheme.
Therefore, in order to achieve higher elevation accuracy for interferometric SAR systems on small flying platforms, there is a need in the art for: the system of the traditional interference SAR is changed, so that the method can be suitable for realizing an equivalent long interference baseline scheme, and the system can be simplified.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above technical problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for implementing a single-channel synchronous interference SAR based on frequency transformation, which implements an equivalent long interference baseline scheme by using a continuous pulse coding and frequency shifting method, and can combine a conventional interference SAR multi-channel receiving system into a single-channel receiving implementation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
according to an aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for implementing a single-channel synchronous interference SAR based on frequency transformation, including the following steps:
two transmitting channels are adopted for transmitting, wherein the two transmitting channels comprise an A transmitting channel and a B transmitting channel, and the two transmitting channels simultaneously transmit two multi-pulse groups with different continuous pulse codes; or the transmission adopts a transmitter and two transmitting antennas, including an A transmitting antenna and a B transmitting antenna, and the two transmitting antennas switch to transmit two multi-pulse groups with different continuous pulse codes;
the receiving antenna A and the receiving antenna B receive radar echo signals at the same time in the transmitting gaps of the continuous pulse coding groups;
one of the two received signals is subjected to frequency shift, and then is combined with the other received signal to form a received signal; or the two paths of receiving signals are respectively subjected to frequency shift and then combined to form a path of receiving signal;
the formed one path of receiving signal enters a single-channel receiver and forms radar echo data through digital-to-analog change;
performing range-direction calculation processing on the echo data, and recovering to obtain two kinds of separated radar echo data corresponding to different transmitting channels;
respectively carrying out frequency shift processing and filtering processing on the two radar echo data of different transmitting channels, and separating the radar echo data corresponding to different receiving channels to obtain radar echo data combining the two transmitting channels and the receiving channels, namely receiving two interference SAR echo data by A and B;
and carrying out SAR imaging processing and interference processing on the interference SAR echo data to obtain an InSAR elevation map.
In some embodiments of the invention, the two transmit channels transmit two groups of multi-pulses with different pulse codes simultaneously, the two groups of multi-pulses not overlapping in time at the time of signal transmission.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a single-channel synchronous interference SAR system based on frequency transformation, comprising:
the excitation signal module is used for generating two multi-pulse groups which are encoded by adopting sub-band interleaving and time interleaving and are respectively input to the first transmitter and the second transmitter;
the first transmitter and the second transmitter are used for amplifying the two multi-pulse groups and outputting the two multi-pulse groups to an antenna A and an antenna B through the two circulators respectively;
the antenna A is used for transmitting an antenna A coded signal and receiving an echo signal generated by the antenna A transmitted signal and an echo signal generated by the antenna B transmitted signal;
the B antenna is used for transmitting the B antenna coded signal and receiving an echo signal generated by the A antenna transmission signal and an echo signal generated by the B antenna transmission signal;
the frequency shifter is used for shifting the frequency of the signal received by the antenna A or the signal received by the antenna B through the circulator;
the combiner is used for combining one path of the frequency-shifted receiving signal with the other path of the receiving signal into one path of signal;
the receiver is used for receiving the combined received signal;
the data acquisition module is used for digitizing the signals output by the receiver;
the imaging processing and interference processing module is used for performing signal recovery processing, imaging processing and interference processing on the radar echo data; the signal recovery processing comprises the steps of carrying out range-direction resolving processing on radar echo data, recovering and separating the radar echo data corresponding to different transmitting channels, respectively carrying out frequency shift processing and filtering processing on two kinds of radar echo data of different transmitting channels, separating the radar echo data corresponding to different receiving channels, and obtaining radar echo data formed by combining the two kinds of transmitting channels and the two kinds of receiving channels, namely two kinds of interference SAR echo data of A-sending and A-receiving and B-sending; and carrying out SAR imaging processing and interference processing on the interference SAR echo data to obtain an InSAR elevation map.
In some embodiments of the present invention, two frequency shifters are used to replace one frequency shifter, namely a first frequency shifter and a second frequency shifter, the first frequency shifter shifts the frequency of the signal received by the a antenna, and the second frequency shifter shifts the frequency of the signal received by the B antenna;
the combiner combines one path of receiving signals after frequency shift with the other path of receiving signals into one path of signals.
In some embodiments of the present invention, one transmitter and one switch are used instead of two transmitters, because the coded pulse group transmitted by the a antenna and the coded pulse group transmitted by the B antenna are staggered in time, the switch controls the excitation signal module and the sub-pulses output by the transmitter to be respectively transmitted to the a antenna and the B antenna, so that two multi-pulse groups are respectively transmitted on the two antennas.
According to the technical scheme, the single-channel synchronous interference SAR implementation method based on frequency conversion at least has one of the following beneficial effects:
(1) echo signals of signals transmitted by different antennas can be distinguished on the premise of synchronous signal receiving, and an equivalent long interference baseline scheme is realized;
(2) only a single receiving channel is needed, so that the design difficulty is reduced, and the system implementation is simplified;
(3) the problem of inconsistency of receiving channels of the multi-channel system is eliminated.
Drawings
Other objects and attainments together with a fuller understanding of the invention will become apparent and appreciated by referring to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional interferometric SAR imaging geometry.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional interferometric SAR system.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-channel synchronous interference SAR system based on frequency transformation according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operating principle of the single-channel synchronous interference SAR system based on frequency conversion according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the emission coding of the single-channel synchronous interference SAR system based on frequency transformation according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-channel synchronous interference SAR system based on frequency transformation according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-channel synchronous interference SAR system based on frequency transformation according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-channel synchronous interference SAR system based on frequency transformation according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Before the present invention is explained in detail, the imaging principle and system structure of the conventional interferometric SAR will be described.
As shown in FIG. 1, A and B respectively represent the position of the interferometric SAR antenna, H represents the height of the interferometric SAR, P represents the ground-target point, and the slant distance from P to the antenna A is represented by R1Denoting the slant distance from P to antenna B by R2Denotes that Δ R is R1And R2I.e. Δ R ═ R1-R2And h represents the terrain height of the target point P to be measured. The length between the antenna A and the antenna B is the length of an interference baseline, and the length of the interference baseline is the most important factor influencing elevation accuracy under the condition that an imaging visual angle, an interference baseline inclination angle and relative height are determined.
When the traditional interference SAR works, single-antenna transmission and multi-antenna reception are adopted. The equivalent long interference baseline scheme adopts multi-antenna transmission and multi-antenna corresponding reception, and the length of the interference baseline of the scheme is twice of that of the interference baseline of the traditional interference SAR scheme.
As shown in fig. 2, a conventional interferometric SAR system includes 1 transmitter; 2 receiving and transmitting antennas, namely an A receiving and transmitting antenna and a B receiving and transmitting antenna; 2 receivers; 2 data acquisition modules; the device comprises an excitation signal module and an imaging processing module of a transmitting channel, wherein the excitation signal module and the imaging processing module are a shared part. It can be seen that the receiving channel of the conventional interferometric SAR can be basically regarded as being composed of two receiving channels of the SAR, and the system structure is relatively complex, which is not beneficial to realizing the miniaturization.
The present invention will be described in detail below, and in order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with specific embodiments.
The first embodiment:
in the embodiment, a single-channel synchronous interference SAR system based on frequency transformation is provided. As shown in fig. 3, the single-channel synchronous interference SAR system based on frequency transformation of the present invention includes: the device comprises an excitation signal module, a first transmitter, a second transmitter, an antenna A, an antenna B, a receiver, a frequency shifter, a combiner, a data acquisition module and an imaging processing and interference processing module.
The excitation signal module is used for generating two multi-pulse groups which are encoded by adopting sub-band interleaving and time interleaving and are respectively input to the first transmitter and the second transmitter.
And the first transmitter and the second transmitter are used for amplifying the two multi-pulse groups and outputting the two multi-pulse groups to an antenna A and an antenna B through two circulators respectively.
The antenna A is used for transmitting the antenna A coded signal and receiving an echo signal generated by the antenna A transmitted signal and an echo signal generated by the antenna B transmitted signal.
The B antenna is used for transmitting the B antenna coded signal and receiving an echo signal generated by the A antenna transmission signal and an echo signal generated by the B antenna transmission signal.
The frequency shifter is used for shifting the frequency of the B antenna receiving signal through the circulator. The frequency shifter may shift the frequency of the signal received by the a antenna of the circulator.
The combiner is used for combining one path of the frequency-shifted receiving signals and the other path of the receiving signals into one path of signals.
The receiver is used for receiving the combined received signal.
The data acquisition module is used for digitizing the signal output by the receiver.
The imaging processing and interference processing module is used for performing signal recovery processing, imaging processing and interference processing on the radar echo data; the signal recovery processing comprises the steps of carrying out range-direction resolving processing on radar echo data, recovering and separating the radar echo data corresponding to different transmitting channels, and respectively carrying out frequency shift processing and filtering processing on two kinds of radar echo data of different transmitting channels to obtain radar echo data combining two kinds of transmitting channels and receiving channels, namely two kinds of interference SAR echo data received by A and B; and carrying out SAR imaging processing and interference processing on the interference SAR echo data to obtain an InSAR elevation map.
It should be noted that a-transmission-a-reception means a-antenna transmission-a-antenna reception, and B-transmission-B-reception means B-antenna transmission-B-antenna reception.
As shown in fig. 4, fig. 4 is a working mode based on continuous pulse coding of a transmission signal, an a antenna and a B antenna alternately transmit a sub-pulse transmission signal of continuous pulses, the a antenna and the B antenna simultaneously receive radar echo signals between the transmitted sub-pulses, the a antenna simultaneously receives an a antenna transmission signal and a B antenna transmission signal at the ends of the a antenna and the B antenna, and the B antenna simultaneously receives an a antenna transmission signal and a B antenna transmission signal.
When receiving signals, firstly, carrying out frequency shift processing on the received signals of one antenna to enable the received signals of two antennas to be in non-overlapping frequency ranges; then, the combined path enters a receiver for data acquisition to obtain radar echo data of a path with four channels mixed together; and finally, obtaining two channel radar echo signals of the equivalent long interference baseline through frequency shift processing, filtering processing and signal recovery processing: the antenna A transmits the radar echo signal A received by the antenna A, and the antenna B transmits the radar echo signal B received by the antenna B.
As shown in fig. 5, the transmit encoding adopts a continuous pulse encoding mode, that is, the complete echo of the target is distributed in the receiving windows of a plurality of sub-pulses, and the complete echo signal can be recovered only by signal recovery; the excitation signal module adopts two multi-pulse groups which are encoded by time interleaving, an antenna A transmits encoding sub-pulses to form an antenna A transmitting encoding pulse group, and an antenna B transmits encoding sub-pulses to form an antenna B transmitting encoding pulse group; the sub-pulses of the coded pulse group transmitted by the antenna A and the coded pulse group transmitted by the antenna B are staggered in time and share the same receiving window; the A antenna transmitting coded pulse group and the B antenna transmitting coded pulse group adopt independent continuous pulse coding.
In this embodiment, a method for implementing a single-channel synchronous interference SAR based on frequency transformation is further provided, which includes the following steps:
two transmitting channels are adopted for transmitting, wherein the two transmitting channels comprise an A transmitting channel and a B transmitting channel, and the two transmitting channels simultaneously transmit two multi-pulse groups with different continuous pulse codes;
the receiving antenna A and the receiving antenna B receive radar echo signals at the same time in the transmitting gaps of the continuous pulse coding groups;
one of the two received signals is subjected to frequency shift, and then is combined with the other received signal to form a received signal;
the formed one path of receiving signal enters a single-channel receiver and forms radar echo data through digital-to-analog change;
performing range-direction calculation processing on the echo data, and recovering to obtain two kinds of separated radar echo data corresponding to different transmitting channels;
respectively carrying out frequency shift processing and filtering processing on the two radar echo data of different transmitting channels, and separating the radar echo data corresponding to different receiving channels to obtain radar echo data combining the two transmitting channels and the receiving channels, namely receiving two interference SAR echo data by A and B;
and carrying out SAR imaging processing and interference processing on the interference SAR echo data to obtain an InSAR elevation map.
The two transmitting channels simultaneously transmit two multi-pulse groups with different pulse codes, and the two multi-pulse groups are not overlapped in time when signals are transmitted.
Second embodiment:
in the embodiment, a single-channel synchronous interference SAR system based on frequency transformation is provided. As shown in fig. 6, compared with the single-channel synchronous interference SAR system based on frequency transformation of the first embodiment, the single-channel synchronous interference SAR system based on frequency transformation of the present embodiment is different in that: the embodiment comprises two frequency shifters, namely a frequency shifter I and a frequency shifter II, wherein the frequency shifter shifts the frequency of the signal received by the antenna A, and the frequency shifter shifts the frequency of the signal received by the antenna B. The combiner combines one path of receiving signals after frequency shift with the other path of receiving signals into one path of signals.
For the purpose of brief description, any technical features of the first embodiment that can be applied to the same are described herein, and the same description is not repeated.
The third embodiment:
in the embodiment, a single-channel synchronous interference SAR system based on frequency transformation is provided. As shown in fig. 7, compared with the single-channel synchronous interference SAR system based on frequency transformation of the first embodiment, the single-channel synchronous interference SAR system based on frequency transformation of the present embodiment is different in that: two transmitters are replaced by one transmitter and one change-over switch, because the coded pulse group transmitted by the antenna A and the coded pulse group transmitted by the antenna B are staggered in time, the sub-pulses output by the excitation signal module and the transmitter are respectively transmitted to the antenna A and the antenna B by the change-over switch in time, and then two multi-pulse groups can be respectively transmitted on the two antennas.
For the purpose of brief description, any technical features of the first embodiment that can be applied to the same are described herein, and the same description is not repeated.
The fourth embodiment:
in the embodiment, a single-channel synchronous interference SAR system based on frequency transformation is provided. As shown in fig. 8, compared with the single-channel synchronous interference SAR system based on frequency transformation of the second embodiment, the single-channel synchronous interference SAR system based on frequency transformation of the present embodiment is different in that: two transmitters are replaced by one transmitter and one change-over switch, because the coded pulse group transmitted by the antenna A and the coded pulse group transmitted by the antenna B are staggered in time, the sub-pulses output by the excitation signal module and the transmitter are respectively transmitted to the antenna A and the antenna B by the change-over switch in time, and then two multi-pulse groups can be respectively transmitted on the two antennas.
For the purpose of brief description, any technical features of the second embodiment that can be applied to the same are described herein, and the same description is not repeated.
It should be noted that the above description omits some more specific technical details that are known or disclosed to those skilled in the art and that may be necessary for the implementation of the embodiments of the present invention in order to make the embodiments of the present invention easier to understand. For example, the above description omits a general description of successive pulse encoding and solution of the transmit pulses. It should be understood that the SAR system and implementation method according to embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative and not restrictive.
Up to this point, the present embodiment has been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. From the above description, those skilled in the art should have clear understanding of the implementation method of the single-channel synchronous interference SAR based on frequency transformation. The multi-pulse coding and frequency shifting method of the invention is utilized to realize that two antennae of the interference SAR simultaneously transmit the transmitting signals of different continuous pulse codes, and during receiving, the corresponding antennae simultaneously receive the correspondingly transmitted signals to form a long interference baseline, and the receiving signals of different receiving antennae are subjected to frequency shifting and then are combined into a receiving channel for receiving, and during the imaging processing, the radar signals of different channels are separated out through filtering and resolving by utilizing the previous transmitting codes and receiving frequency shifts, thereby realizing the imaging processing of the interference SAR.
It is to be noted that, in the attached drawings or in the description, the implementation modes not shown or described are all the modes known by the ordinary skilled person in the field of technology, and are not described in detail. Further, the above definitions of the various elements and methods are not limited to the various specific structures, shapes or arrangements of parts mentioned in the examples, which may be easily modified or substituted by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Furthermore, the use of ordinal numbers such as "first," "second," "third," etc., in the specification and claims to modify a corresponding element is not intended to imply any ordinal numbers for the element, nor the order in which an element is sequenced or methods of manufacture, but are used to distinguish one element having a certain name from another element having a same name.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for realizing single-channel synchronous interference SAR based on frequency conversion is characterized by comprising the following steps:
two transmitting channels are adopted for transmitting, wherein the two transmitting channels comprise an A transmitting channel and a B transmitting channel, and the two transmitting channels simultaneously transmit two multi-pulse groups with different continuous pulse codes; or the transmission adopts a transmitter and two transmitting antennas, including an A transmitting antenna and a B transmitting antenna, and the two transmitting antennas switch to transmit two multi-pulse groups with different continuous pulse codes;
the receiving antenna A and the receiving antenna B receive radar echo signals at the same time in the transmitting gaps of the continuous pulse coding groups;
one of the two received signals is subjected to frequency shift, and then is combined with the other received signal to form a received signal; or the two paths of receiving signals are respectively subjected to frequency shift and then combined to form a path of receiving signal;
the formed one path of receiving signal enters a single-channel receiver and forms radar echo data through digital-to-analog change;
performing range-direction calculation processing on the echo data, and recovering to obtain two kinds of separated radar echo data corresponding to different transmitting channels;
respectively carrying out frequency shift processing and filtering processing on the two radar echo data of different transmitting channels, and separating the radar echo data corresponding to different receiving channels to obtain radar echo data combining the two transmitting channels and the receiving channels, namely receiving two interference SAR echo data by A and B;
and carrying out SAR imaging processing and interference processing on the interference SAR echo data to obtain an InSAR elevation map.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the two transmit channels simultaneously transmit two multi-pulse groups with different pulse codes, and wherein the two multi-pulse groups do not overlap in time during signal transmission.
3. A single-channel synchronous interference SAR system based on frequency transformation is characterized by comprising:
the excitation signal module is used for generating two multi-pulse groups which are encoded by adopting sub-band interleaving and time interleaving and are respectively input to the first transmitter and the second transmitter;
the first transmitter and the second transmitter are used for amplifying the two multi-pulse groups and outputting the two multi-pulse groups to an antenna A and an antenna B through the two circulators respectively;
the antenna A is used for transmitting an antenna A coded signal and receiving an echo signal generated by the antenna A transmitted signal and an echo signal generated by the antenna B transmitted signal;
the B antenna is used for transmitting the B antenna coded signal and receiving an echo signal generated by the A antenna transmission signal and an echo signal generated by the B antenna transmission signal;
the frequency shifter is used for shifting the frequency of the signal received by the antenna A or the signal received by the antenna B through the circulator;
the combiner is used for combining one path of the frequency-shifted receiving signal with the other path of the receiving signal into one path of signal;
the receiver is used for receiving the combined received signal;
the data acquisition module is used for digitizing the signals output by the receiver;
the imaging processing and interference processing module is used for performing signal recovery processing, imaging processing and interference processing on the radar echo data; the signal recovery processing comprises the steps of performing range-direction resolving processing on radar echo data, recovering and separating the radar echo data corresponding to different transmitting channels, then respectively performing frequency shift processing and filtering processing on two kinds of radar echo data of different transmitting channels, separating the radar echo data corresponding to different receiving channels, and obtaining radar echo data of two kinds of transmitting channels and receiving channels which are combined, namely two kinds of interference SAR echo data of A-transmission and B-transmission; and carrying out SAR imaging processing and interference processing on the interference SAR echo data to obtain an InSAR elevation map.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein two frequency shifters are used instead of one frequency shifter, namely a first frequency shifter and a second frequency shifter, the first frequency shifter shifts the frequency of the A antenna received signal, and the second frequency shifter shifts the frequency of the B antenna received signal;
the combiner combines one path of receiving signals after frequency shift with the other path of receiving signals into one path of signals.
5. The system according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that a transmitter and a switch are used instead of two transmitters, and since the transmission of the coded pulse groups by the A antenna and the transmission of the coded pulse groups by the B antenna are staggered in time, the switch controls the excitation signal module and the sub-pulses output by the transmitter to be respectively transmitted to the A antenna and the B antenna, so that the two multi-pulse groups are respectively transmitted on the two antennas.
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