CN109900576B - Experimental device and method for evaluating collective friction and wear behaviors of particle flow - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for evaluating collective friction and wear behaviors of particle flow Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present disclosure provides an experimental apparatus and method for evaluating collective frictional wear behavior of a particle stream, the experimental apparatus comprising: the system comprises a main power system, a transmission system, a main pipeline loop, a replaceable friction sample component, a vacuum system, a temperature control heating system and a platform supporting structure; the host power system is used for driving the main pipeline loop; the transmission system is used for transmitting the power of the main power system to the main pipeline loop; the main pipeline loop rotates under the drive of the host power system to simulate various flow states of spallation target particle flow; a replaceable friction sample component and a main pipeline loop are used for placing a friction sample; the main pipeline loop is arranged in the heating furnace body, and the temperature control heating system is used for uniformly heating the main pipeline loop; the vacuum system is connected with the main pipeline loop and is used for realizing vacuum and atmosphere protection of the main pipeline loop; the platform support structure is used for providing support for the experimental device.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to an experimental apparatus and method for evaluating collective frictional wear behavior of a particle stream.
Background
Accelerator-driven subcritical transmutation apparatus (CiADS) wherein the high-power spallation target primary function produces strong neutron source transmutation nuclear waste is the most critical part of CiADS. The recently proposed particle stream spallation target has the advantages of no corrosion, high heat removal efficiency and the like. However, since the spallation target needs to operate under extremely severe working conditions, one of the main problems is that the particle flow generates strong frictional wear during operation, which affects the stability and safety of the overall operation of the spallation target, a practical method needs to be found to evaluate the frictional wear of the particle flow target. Because of the harsh target operating environment, the number of the target ball particles is numerous (about more than 10 hundred million), the movement is complex, the flow state comprises sparse flow, dense flow and intermediate transition states, the wear forms of the particles are diversified, and the friction and wear conditions of the collective movement behaviors of the particle flow targets are not evaluated by a proper method at present.
In addition, in the spallation target circuit, the target pipe is a passage through which the particle target runs, so that in addition to the frictional wear of the particle target, there is also frictional wear of the spallation target pipe. The anti-friction wear performance of the target circuit involves operational reliability and safety problems of the device and must be evaluated because of the difference in the flow states of the particles in the target circuit, which causes different pipeline wear.
At present, most of the existing tribology devices can only develop a simpler friction and wear experiment, and are fixed friction pairs, the friction form is single, the single load is used, the actual operation conditions of experimental conditions of the spallation targets are greatly different, and the collective friction and wear behaviors (rolling, sliding, collision and impact and the like) of the particle targets are difficult to objectively and truly evaluate. The existing high-temperature vacuum rotary friction testing machine can semi-quantitatively evaluate the friction and abrasion of particles under the condition of dense flow, but cannot evaluate the friction and abrasion under the condition of sparse flow and the erosion and abrasion of a pipeline. Whereas in a particle stream spalling target circuit, sparse and dense streams exist simultaneously, the collision erosion wear generated by the sparse stream may be more serious than the friction wear generated by the dense stream. Therefore, there is a need to find a practical method to comprehensively evaluate the frictional wear of particle stream targets.
Disclosure of Invention
First, the technical problem to be solved
It is an object of the present disclosure to provide an experimental apparatus for evaluating collective frictional wear behavior of a particle stream for frictional wear problems in high power spallation targets to evaluate frictional wear of a large number of particles in dense streams, sparse streams, flow impact wear, and frictional wear of the corresponding tubing. In addition, the experimental device disclosed by the invention can realize the actual working conditions of high temperature, atmosphere and the like of the particle flow spallation target, and provides a scientific method for evaluating the friction and wear conditions of particle aggregates and pipelines caused by long-term operation of the particle flow spallation target.
(II) technical scheme
The present disclosure provides an experimental apparatus for evaluating collective frictional wear behavior of a particle stream, comprising: the system comprises a main power system, a transmission system, a main pipeline loop, a replaceable friction sample component, a vacuum system, a temperature control heating system and a platform supporting structure; the host power system is used for driving the main pipeline loop; the transmission system is used for transmitting the power of the main power system to the main pipeline loop; the main pipeline loop rotates under the drive of the host power system to simulate various flow states of spallation target particle flow; a replaceable friction sample component and a main pipeline loop are used for placing a friction sample; the vacuum system is connected with the main pipeline loop and is used for realizing vacuum and atmosphere protection of the main pipeline loop; the temperature control heating system is used for uniformly heating the main pipeline loop; the platform support structure is used for providing support for the experimental device.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a host power system includes: a high torque motor for driving the main body pipe loop; the control mechanism is used for controlling the rotating speed of the high-torque motor; the time sequence control system is used for controlling the rotation state of the main pipeline loop to realize different movement states of particles so as to simulate various flow states of spallation target particle flow.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the plurality of flow regimes includes: dense flow regime, close packing regime, collision impact, directional impact regime, sparse flow regime.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the main conduit loop comprises: the device comprises a first particle temporary storage box, a second particle temporary storage box, an arc-shaped pipeline, a vertical target section, an inclined pipeline, a closing-in opening below the target section, a filling discharge opening and a pipeline supporting structure.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a vacuum system includes: the vacuum pump, the vacuum gauge and the valve are connected with the main pipeline loop through the valve, and the vacuum gauge is arranged between the valve and the vacuum pump.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a temperature controlled heating system includes: the heating furnace comprises a heating furnace main body and a temperature control system, wherein a main body pipeline loop is arranged in the heating furnace main body, and the temperature control system is used for controlling the heating furnace main body, so that temperature adjustment in the range from room temperature to 600 ℃ can be realized.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a platform support structure comprises: the base, a supporting structure on the base and a rotating shaft supporting structure, wherein the supporting structure supports a main power system, and the rotating shaft supporting structure supports a transmission system.
The disclosure also provides an experimental method for evaluating collective frictional wear behavior of particle streams, comprising: step S1: filling spallation target particles into a main pipeline loop; step S2: the host power system drives the main pipeline loop to rotate and simulates various flow states of spallation target particle flow; step S3: and sampling from the inside of the experimental device, analyzing the spallation target particle sample, and evaluating the friction and wear conditions of the spallation target particles and the pipeline.
In some embodiments of the disclosure, in step S2, under the drive of the main power system, the main pipeline loop rotates, and particles in the first particle temporary storage box flow into the arc pipeline and move relative to the arc pipeline to form a dense flow state of particle targets, and finally flow into the second particle temporary storage box; the main pipeline loop is stationary after rotating for a preset angle, the vertical target section is in a vertical state relative to the ground, the second particle temporary storage box injects the temporarily stored particles into the vertical target section, and the close packing state of the target ball particles and the collision impact among the target particles are realized at the vertical target section; target ball particles accumulated at the vertical target section are closed up through the lower part of the target section to form a vertical falling beam, and act on the inclined pipeline to simulate the directional impact state of particle flow and rigid components in the spallation target, and the particles can form a sparse flow state when flowing through the inclined pipeline and then flow into the first particle temporary storage box.
(III) beneficial effects
From the above technical solution, the present disclosure has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The friction and abrasion generated by the collective flow of the particles in the pipeline can be developed under the vacuum/atmosphere environment with different particle loading amounts, different temperatures (room temperature-600 ℃).
(2) The motor drives the pipeline to operate so as to simulate the operation of particles in the spallation target, various flow states such as particle dense flow, sparse flow, particle impact and the like can be realized in different areas in the loop pipeline, and various forms of friction and abrasion such as particle rolling, sliding, collision erosion and the like are realized. The operation working condition of the device is close to the actual working condition of spallation target operation, and the high simulation of the spallation target loop is realized.
(3) The set of scientific method provided by the device can effectively evaluate the particle aggregate in the particle flow spallation target and the friction and abrasion behavior of the pipeline under special working conditions, and provide reliable and effective scientific data and reference basis for CiADS engineering construction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a side view of an experimental apparatus for evaluating collective frictional wear behavior of a particle stream in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 is an elevation view of a body tubing loop.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an experimental method for evaluating collective frictional wear behavior of particle streams in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[ Symbolic description ]
1-A high torque motor; 2-a control mechanism; 3-a transmission shaft; 4-main body tubing loop; 5-a replaceable friction sample component; 6-a heating furnace main body; 7-a base; 8-a support structure; 9-a rotating shaft support structure; 10-a first particle temporary storage box; 11-arc-shaped pipe; 12-vertical target segments; 13-inclined pipeline; 14-under the target segment Fang Shoukou; 15-filling a discharge opening; 16-a pipe support structure; 17-an air extraction pipeline; 18-a second particle temporary storage box.
Detailed Description
The device disclosed by the disclosure utilizes the motor to drive the pipeline to operate so as to simulate the driving operation of particles in the spallation target, and can realize the complex movement of particle flow during operation, and can simulate the temporary storage and flow of the target ball at different sections of the particle flow target.
For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles and advantages of the disclosure, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same.
An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an experimental apparatus for evaluating collective frictional wear behavior of a particle stream, comprising: a main power system, a transmission system (or a main shaft system), a main body pipeline loop 4, a replaceable friction sample component 5, a vacuum system, a temperature control heating system and a platform supporting structure.
The host power system includes: high torque motor 1, control mechanism 2, time sequence control system etc.. The high torque motor 1 is a driving mechanism for driving the main pipeline circuit 4, and the torque thereof is about 500n×m. The control mechanism 2 is used for controlling the rotating speed of the high-torque motor 1, and the control of the rotating speed of the high-torque motor 1 (the rotating speed range is 0-30 r/min) can be realized through the control mechanism 2. The time sequence control system can control the pipeline to realize different speed rotation states in one rotation period of the main pipeline loop 4 through time sequence control, and thus control different movement states of particles in the main pipeline loop 4, and ensure that the particle flow realizes flowing, temporary storage and stable vertical particle falling beams at different positions of the main pipeline loop 4.
The transmission system is arranged between the main power system and the main pipeline loop 4, the transmission shaft 3 is connected with the high-torque motor 1 and the main pipeline loop 4 and is used for transmitting the power of the high-torque motor 1 to the main pipeline loop 4 and playing a role of heat insulation so as to protect the operation of the high-torque motor 1 from the high temperature of the main pipeline loop 4.
The main pipe loop 4 includes: the two particle temporary storage boxes, the arc-shaped pipeline 11, the vertical target section 12, the inclined pipeline 13, the closing-in 14 below the target section, the filling discharge opening 15, the pipeline supporting structure 16 and the like can rotate under the drive of a host power system. The pipe support structure 16 supports the main body pipe loop 4. The main conduit loop 4 is also fitted with an air extraction conduit 17.
The particle buffer bin is used for particle collection, temporary storage, etc., wherein the first particle buffer bin 10 is located below the lower target segment finish 14 and the second particle buffer bin 18 is located above the vertical target segment 12. The arc-shaped pipeline 11 is a particle dense flow channel, the main pipeline loop 4 rotates under the drive of the main power system, particles in the first particle temporary storage box 10 flow into the arc-shaped pipeline 11 and move relative to the arc-shaped pipeline 11 to form a particle target dense flow state, and finally flow into the second particle temporary storage box 18, and the rotating speed of the process can be slower under the control of the time sequence system. Then, under the control of the timing system, the main pipeline loop 4 can rotate rapidly (2-3 times of the previous speed) to a certain angle and then is static, at this time, the vertical target section 12 is in a vertical state relative to the ground, the second particle temporary storage box 18 can inject the temporarily stored particles into the vertical target section 12, the close packing state of the target ball particles can be realized at the vertical target section 12, and meanwhile, the collision impact among the target particles is realized. By adjusting the target ball loading rate, the stacking height of the target ball particles can be adjusted. The target ball particles accumulated at the vertical target segment 12 form a vertical falling beam through the closing-in 14 below the target segment and act on the inclined pipeline 13, so that the directional impact state of the particle flow and the rigid component in the spallation target is simulated, a sparse flow state can be formed when the particles flow through the inclined pipeline 13, and then the particles flow into the first particle temporary storage box 10, the accumulation of the particles and the collision between the particles are realized again in the process, and after the particles are stationary for a period of time, the main pipeline loop 4 starts to rotate again under the control of a time sequence system, and the reciprocating circulation is performed. The whole process simulates almost all different flow states of particle flow in the spallation target, including dense flow, sparse flow, flow impact, collision and the like. Meanwhile, various friction and abrasion of particle rolling, sliding, collision erosion and the like are realized.
A replaceable friction sample member 5 is connected to the main pipe (see fig. 2) and can be used for placing a friction sample corresponding to the size of the pipe, wherein the friction sample is required to have a curved surface and the same material as the pipe, and the main purpose is to evaluate the friction condition of the pipe material by detecting the abrasion condition of the friction sample. The device is convenient to detach, and can sample and detect the friction and abrasion degree of the sample at any time.
The vacuum system includes: vacuum pumps, vacuum gauges, valves, etc. The main pipeline loop 4 is connected with a vacuum pump through a valve by an air suction pipeline 17, and a vacuum gauge is arranged between the valve and the vacuum pump. The vacuum system is used for realizing vacuum and atmosphere protection of the main pipeline loop 4.
The temperature-controlled heating system includes: a heating furnace main body 6, a temperature control system, etc. The main body pipe loop 4 is placed in the heating furnace main body 6, and the heating furnace main body 6 can uniformly heat the whole main body pipe loop 4. The temperature control system is used for controlling the heating furnace main body 6, and can realize temperature adjustment in the range of room temperature to 600 ℃.
The platform support structure includes: a base 7 and a support structure 8 and a rotating shaft support structure 9 on the base 7. The support structure 8 supports a main power system, and the rotating shaft support structure 9 supports a transmission system and a temperature control heating system.
With the experimental apparatus described above, the present disclosure can evaluate the collective frictional wear behavior of particle streams. In the experimental apparatus of this embodiment, the travel distance of the metal target ball is equivalent to that of the metal target ball in the spallation target, according to the equality of the friction distances. The running speed of the target ball can be controlled in the experimental apparatus of this embodiment. In addition, different particle flow patterns similar to particle flow spallation targets can be formed in the main pipeline loop 4 of the experimental device in the embodiment, and the actual working condition is further simulated, so that the experimental result of the experimental device can be utilized to rapidly evaluate the friction and abrasion of the particle flow and the pipeline in the spallation targets.
Another embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an experimental method for evaluating the collective frictional wear behavior of a particle stream, using the experimental apparatus of the above embodiment to evaluate the collective frictional wear behavior of a particle stream, including:
Step S1: and filling spallation target particles into the main pipeline loop.
In this step, spallation target particles are poured into the main pipeline loop 4 through the pouring discharge opening 15.
Step S2: the host power system drives the main pipeline loop to rotate, and simulates various flow states of spallation target particle flow, wherein the flow states comprise: dense flow regime, close packing regime, collision impact, directional impact regime, sparse flow regime, etc.
In this step, the main pipeline loop 4 rotates under the drive of the main power system, the particles in the first particle temporary storage box 10 flow into the arc pipeline 11 and move relative to the arc pipeline 11 to form a dense flow state of particle targets, and finally flow into the second particle temporary storage box 18, and the rotation speed of the process can be slower under the control of the time sequence system.
Then, under the control of the timing system, the main pipeline loop 4 can rotate rapidly (2-3 times of the previous speed) to a certain angle and then is static, at this time, the vertical target section 12 is in a vertical state relative to the ground, the second particle temporary storage box 18 can inject the temporarily stored particles into the vertical target section 12, the close packing state of the target ball particles can be realized at the vertical target section 12, and meanwhile, the collision impact among the target particles is realized. By adjusting the target ball loading rate, the stacking height of the target ball particles can be adjusted.
The target ball particles accumulated at the vertical target segment 12 form a vertical falling beam through the closing-in 14 below the target segment and act on the inclined pipeline 13, so that the directional impact state of the particle flow and the rigid component in the spallation target is simulated, a sparse flow state can be formed when the particles flow through the inclined pipeline 13, and then the particles flow into the first particle temporary storage box 10, the accumulation of the particles and the collision between the particles are realized again in the process, and after the particles are stationary for a period of time, the main pipeline loop 4 starts to rotate again under the control of a time sequence system, and the reciprocating circulation is performed. The whole process simulates almost all different flow states of particle flow in the spallation target, including dense flow, sparse flow, flow impact, collision and the like. Meanwhile, various friction and abrasion of particle rolling, sliding, collision erosion and the like are realized.
Step S3: and sampling from the inside of the experimental device, analyzing the spallation target particle sample, and evaluating the friction and wear conditions of the spallation target particles and the pipeline.
The device can periodically (e.g. every 5 days or 10, and can be set according to actual needs) sample from the inside of the experimental device, monitor and analyze particle samples in real time, clean the samples, sequentially ultrasonically clean the samples with deionized water, acetone, alcohol and other liquids, remove dust and impurities on the surfaces of the samples, analyze the surface abrasion condition of the samples by an optical microscope or SEM, and study the abrasion mechanism of the samples; grouping the samples (about 5-10 groups) and precisely weighing to obtain the weight of each group of samples, carrying out statistical treatment on the weight data, comparing the weight data with the weight of an experimental sample which is not tested or is tested before, obtaining the mass loss after the particle targets are worn out collectively in a certain experimental time, carrying out statistical analysis on a series of experimental points after sampling for many times, and obtaining the change of the wear of the particle target balls along with the experimental time under certain experimental conditions; according to the fact that the running distance of the particle target ball relative to the pipeline is equivalent to the running distance of the metal target ball in the spallation target, the experimental time is reduced to be the running time of the spallation target, and the change of the abrasion condition of the particle target ball in the spallation target along with the running time can be indirectly estimated; and at the same time of sampling, the replaceable friction sample can be taken down for friction and wear analysis, and the friction and wear condition of the pipeline is evaluated.
The invention has the key points that through the multifunctional design of the pipeline loop and ingenious combination with time sequence control, various flow states of particle targets in the spallation target loop, including dense flow, sparse flow, flow impact and the like, are simulated, and especially, the directional impact and sparse flow formed by the vertical falling of the particle flow with higher difficulty are realized.
The invention also provides a scientific method, which establishes the relation between the operation of the device and the operation of the spallation target according to the principle of the equivalence of the friction distance and the simulation of various flow states in the particle flow spallation target, and can rapidly evaluate the friction and wear conditions of the particle aggregate and the pipeline in the spallation target.
The present disclosure is directed to collective frictional wear behavior of particle flow under particular conditions, depending on the operating conditions (high temperature, vacuum/atmosphere) in which the particle flow targets are operating. The effect of this disclosure is that: (1) Friction and abrasion generated by collective flow of particles in a pipeline can be developed under the conditions of different particle loading amounts, different temperatures (room temperature-600 ℃) and vacuum/atmosphere; (2) The motor drives the pipeline to operate so as to simulate the operation of particles in the spallation target, various flow states such as particle dense flow, sparse flow, particle impact and the like can be realized in different areas in the loop pipeline, and various forms of friction and abrasion such as particle rolling, sliding, collision erosion and the like are realized. The operation condition of the experimental device is close to the actual operation condition of the spallation target, and the high simulation of the spallation target loop is realized. (3) The set of scientific method provided by the experimental device can effectively evaluate the particle aggregate in the particle flow spallation target and the friction and abrasion behavior of the pipeline under special working conditions, and provides reliable and effective scientific data and reference basis for CiADS engineering construction.
It should be noted that, in the drawings or the text of the specification, implementations not shown or described are all forms known to those of ordinary skill in the art, and not described in detail. Furthermore, the above definitions of the elements are not limited to the specific structures, shapes or modes mentioned in the embodiments, and may be simply modified or replaced by those of ordinary skill in the art.
While the foregoing embodiments have been described in some detail for purposes of clarity of understanding, it will be understood that the foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention, and that any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the present disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (6)
1. An experimental set-up for evaluating collective frictional wear behavior of a particle stream, comprising: the system comprises a main power system, a transmission system, a main pipeline loop, a replaceable friction sample component, a vacuum system, a temperature control heating system and a platform supporting structure;
The host power system is used for driving the main pipeline loop;
The transmission system is used for transmitting the power of the main power system to the main pipeline loop;
the main pipeline loop rotates under the drive of the host power system to simulate various flow states of spallation target particle flow;
A replaceable friction sample component and a main pipeline loop are used for placing a friction sample;
the vacuum system is connected with the main pipeline loop and is used for realizing vacuum and atmosphere protection of the main pipeline loop;
The temperature control heating system is used for uniformly heating the main pipeline loop; wherein, the main pipeline loop is arranged in the heating furnace body;
The platform support structure is used for providing support for the experimental device;
wherein, the host power system includes:
a high torque motor for driving the main body pipe loop;
the control mechanism is used for controlling the rotating speed of the high-torque motor;
the time sequence control system is used for controlling the rotation state of the main pipeline loop to realize different movement states of particles so as to simulate various flow states of the spallation target particle flow;
wherein the main pipeline circuit comprises: the device comprises a first particle temporary storage box, a second particle temporary storage box, an arc-shaped pipeline, a vertical target section, an inclined pipeline, a closing-in opening below the target section, a filling discharge opening and a pipeline supporting structure.
2. The assay device of claim 1, the plurality of flow regimes comprising: dense flow regime, close packing regime, collision impact, directional impact regime, sparse flow regime.
3. The experimental set-up of claim 1, the vacuum system comprising: the vacuum pump, the vacuum gauge and the valve are connected with the main pipeline loop through the valve, and the vacuum gauge is arranged between the valve and the vacuum pump.
4. The experimental set-up of claim 1, the temperature controlled heating system comprising: the heating furnace comprises a heating furnace main body and a temperature control system, wherein a main body pipeline loop is arranged in the heating furnace main body, and the temperature control system is used for controlling the heating furnace main body, so that temperature adjustment in the range from room temperature to 600 ℃ can be realized.
5. The assay device of claim 1, the platform support structure comprising: the base, a supporting structure on the base and a rotating shaft supporting structure, wherein the supporting structure supports a main power system, and the rotating shaft supporting structure supports a transmission system.
6. An experimental method for evaluating collective frictional wear behavior of a particle stream, suitable for use in an experimental set-up according to any one of claims 1-5, the experimental method comprising:
step S1: a certain amount of particles are poured into the main pipeline loop;
Step S2: the host power system drives the main pipeline loop to rotate, so that various flow states of particle flow can be simulated;
Step S3: sampling from the inside of an experimental device, analyzing a particle sample, and evaluating the friction and wear conditions of particles and a pipeline;
wherein, in step S2,
Under the drive of the main engine power system, the main pipeline loop rotates, particles in the first particle temporary storage box flow into an arc-shaped pipeline and move relative to the arc-shaped pipeline to form a particle dense flow state, and finally flow into the second particle temporary storage box;
the main pipeline loop is static after rotating for a preset angle rapidly, the vertical target section is in a vertical state relative to the ground, the second particle temporary storage box injects particles temporarily stored in the second particle temporary storage box to the vertical target section, and the close packing state of the particles and collision impact among the particles are realized at the vertical target section;
Particles accumulated at the vertical target section are closed through the lower part of the target section to form a vertical falling beam and act on the inclined pipeline to simulate the directional impact state of particle flow and a rigid part in the spallation target, and the particles can form a sparse flow state when flowing through the inclined pipeline and then flow into the first particle temporary storage box.
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