CN109900447A - A kind of circulation impact method for detecting vibration and system based on harmonic signal decomposition - Google Patents
A kind of circulation impact method for detecting vibration and system based on harmonic signal decomposition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The circulation impact method for detecting vibration and system, this method and system that the present invention provides a kind of to be decomposed based on harmonic signal can be used for rotating machinery bump-scrape fault diagnosis.Specific steps include: that frequency band determines step: determining frequency band locating for periodic shock signal according to spectrum kurtosis map；Harmonic signal decomposition step: decomposing the harmonic signal in frequency band locating for periodic shock signal using signal decomposition method, and the harmonic signal after decomposition be overlapped, the periodic shock signal reconstructed；Envelope Analysis step: Envelope Analysis is carried out to reconstruct periodic shock signal, the impact-rub malfunction of rotating machinery is diagnosed according to envelope peak-to-peak value and envelope spectrum.Present invention discloses contacting between periodic shock signal and frequency domain at equal intervals harmonic signal cluster, and have good noise immunity, and extracted high s/n ratio impact signal help to obtain reliable impact-rub malfunction diagnostic result.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vibration signal processing and rotary machinery fault diagnosis fields, and in particular, to one kind is based on harmonic wave
The circulation impact method for detecting vibration and system of signal decomposition.
Background technique
Large rotating machinery, such as generating set, aero-engine and land and sea breeze machine, in current industrial production and application
Play highly important role.Their operation troubles may result in serious industrial accident and weight huge economic loss.
Therefore, the operation troubles mechanism and diagnostic method for furtheing investigate rotating machinery are very necessary.Rub impact phenomena is a kind of extensive
It is present in the multiple failure of all kinds of rotating machineries.It is since the shock of the rotor cycle of rotor-support-foundation system in rotating machinery is fixed
Caused by son.As the promotion of current rotating machinery running speed and the continuous improvement of rotor-support-foundation system assembly precision (cause to turn
Gap between son and stator constantly reduces), the occurrence frequency of investigation of rotor rubbing faults also rises with it.Development is effectively touched
The method for diagnosing faults that rubs has become the important topic currently urgently studied.
It can include periodic shock ingredient in dynamic response when impact-rub malfunction occurring due to rotor-support-foundation system, so passing through
The vibration response signal of rotor-support-foundation system is monitored to diagnose impact-rub malfunction be a kind of common at present and highly effective method.In order to examine
Survey periodic shock ingredient included in vibration signal, it is necessary first to determine frequency band locating for impact signal.In general, it touches
The periodic shock ingredient caused by failure that rubs should be located in the resonance band of rotor-support-foundation system impulse response.Currently used two kinds
The method for determining resonance bands are as follows: 1) obtained system impulse response curve is measured according to theoretical method or experiment to choose altogether
Shake frequency band；2) a kind of method of data-driven is utilized --- kurtosis map is composed to determine frequency band locating for periodic shock ingredient.
However, the obtained resonance bands reliability of first method is lower, and sharp due to the non-linear and time-varying characteristics of real system
The impact signal frequency band selected by spectrum kurtosis map then has more adaptability.After determining frequency range locating for impact signal, it can be selected
Suitable bandpass filter reconstructs the periodic shock ingredient in selected frequency band, such as Chinese invention patent CN109034084A.
But there are two inherent defects based on the signal reconfiguring method of bandpass filtering: 1) there are boundary effects for bandpass filter；2) selected
The noise for being included in frequency band can be mixed into reconstruction signal.The two disadvantages will lead to the impact signal after reconstruct and waveform mistake occur
True and reconstruction SNR is lower, influences the diagnostic result of impact-rub malfunction.
Summary of the invention
For the defects in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of circulation impacts decomposed based on harmonic signal
Method for detecting vibration and system.
A kind of circulation impact method for detecting vibration decomposed based on harmonic signal provided according to the present invention, comprising:
Frequency band determines step: determining frequency band locating for periodic shock signal according to spectrum kurtosis map；
Harmonic signal decomposition step: using signal decomposition method to the harmonic signal in frequency band locating for periodic shock signal
It is decomposed, and the harmonic signal after decomposition is overlapped, obtain reconstruct periodic shock signal；
Envelope Analysis step: Envelope Analysis is carried out to reconstruct periodic shock signal, according to envelope peak-to-peak value and envelope spectrum
The impact-rub malfunction of rotating machinery is diagnosed.
Preferably, the frequency band determines that step includes:
Determine the division number of stories m of frequency domain, m≤log2L-7, L are the sampling number of vibration signal；
Spectrum kurtosis of the original vibration signal under different demarcation level is calculated using quick kurtogram algorithm；
Determine that the spectrum maximum frequency band of kurtosis is frequency band locating for periodic shock signal.
Preferably, the harmonic signal decomposition step includes:
It is the sum of a series of harmonic signal by the periodic shock signal modeling in selected frequency band；
To the model built in { t0,t1,…,tL-1At carry out it is discrete, using signal decomposition method in selected frequency band
Harmonic component is decomposed, and the harmonic signal after being decomposed by superposition carries out weight to the periodic shock signal in selected frequency band
Structure.
Preferably, the signal decomposition method includes variation nonlinear frequency modulation mode decomposition method.
Preferably, the Envelope Analysis step includes:
The instantaneous amplitude of reconstruct periodic shock signal is estimated using Hilbert transform method；
Calculate average peak-to-peak value of the instantaneous amplitude in each swing circle；
The frequency spectrum that Fourier transformation obtains instantaneous amplitude is made to instantaneous amplitude, extracts the frequency of energy most strong component in frequency spectrum
Rate；
The impact-rub malfunction of rotating machinery is diagnosed according to the frequency of obtained average peak-to-peak value, energy most strong component.
A kind of circulation impact vibration detecting system decomposed based on harmonic signal provided according to the present invention, comprising:
Band determination module: frequency band locating for periodic shock signal is determined according to spectrum kurtosis map；
Harmonic signal decomposing module: using signal decomposition method to the harmonic signal in frequency band locating for periodic shock signal
It is decomposed, and the harmonic signal after decomposition is overlapped, obtain reconstruct periodic shock signal；
Envelope analysis module: Envelope Analysis is carried out to reconstruct periodic shock signal, according to envelope peak-to-peak value and envelope spectrum
The impact-rub malfunction of rotating machinery is diagnosed.
Preferably, the band determination module includes:
Determine the division number of stories m of frequency domain, m≤log2L-7, L are the sampling number of vibration signal；
Spectrum kurtosis of the original vibration signal under different demarcation level is calculated using quick kurtogram algorithm；
Determine that the spectrum maximum frequency band of kurtosis is frequency band locating for periodic shock signal.
Preferably, the harmonic signal decomposing module includes:
It is the sum of a series of harmonic signal by the periodic shock signal modeling in selected frequency band；
To the model built in { t0,t1,…,tL-1At carry out it is discrete, using signal decomposition method in selected frequency band
Harmonic component is decomposed, and the harmonic signal after being decomposed by superposition carries out weight to the periodic shock signal in selected frequency band
Structure.
Preferably, the signal decomposition method includes variation nonlinear frequency modulation mode decomposition method.
Preferably, the envelope analysis module includes:
The instantaneous amplitude of reconstruct periodic shock signal is estimated using Hilbert transform method；
Calculate average peak-to-peak value of the instantaneous amplitude in each swing circle；
The frequency spectrum that Fourier transformation obtains instantaneous amplitude is made to instantaneous amplitude, extracts the frequency of energy most strong component in frequency spectrum
Rate；
The impact-rub malfunction of rotating machinery is diagnosed according to the frequency of obtained average peak-to-peak value, energy most strong component.
Compared with prior art, the present invention have it is following the utility model has the advantages that
1, signal decomposition method employed in the present invention can be realized the high-precision of harmonic signal components in selected frequency band
Reconstruct, to can get the periodic shock signal of high s/n ratio, low distortion；
2, the periodic shock signal reconstruction process in the present invention disclose its with frequency domain in selected frequency band harmonic wave at equal intervals
Connection between signal cluster；
3, employed in the present invention that peak-to-peak value and envelope spectrum principal component be averaged frequently based on extracted impact signal envelope
The impact-rub malfunction diagnosis basis of rate has been subjected to engineering practice examining, has preferable dependable with function.
Detailed description of the invention
Upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings, other feature of the invention,
Objects and advantages will become more apparent upon:
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the invention；
Fig. 2 is that hydraulic turbine water leads time domain waveform of the X to throw vibration signal in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is that hydraulic turbine water leads frequency spectrum of the X to throw vibration signal in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is that hydraulic turbine water leads spectrum kurtosis map of the X to throw vibration signal in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the periodic shock ingredient in the spectrum kurtosis maximum band that is reconstructed using two kinds of distinct methods；
Fig. 6 for impact signal in the spectrum kurtosis maximum band that is reconstructed using two kinds of distinct methods envelope spectrum；
Fig. 7 is the periodic shock ingredient in the resonance bands that are reconstructed using two kinds of distinct methods；
Fig. 8 for impact signal in the resonance bands that are reconstructed using two kinds of distinct methods envelope spectrum.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail combined with specific embodiments below.Following embodiment will be helpful to the technology of this field
Personnel further understand the present invention, but the invention is not limited in any way.It should be pointed out that the ordinary skill of this field
For personnel, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, several changes and improvements can also be made.These belong to the present invention
Protection scope.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of circulation impact method for detecting vibration decomposed based on harmonic signal provided by the invention, packet
It includes:
S1, frequency band determine step: determining frequency band locating for periodic shock signal according to spectrum kurtosis map；
S2, harmonic signal decomposition step: using signal decomposition method to the harmonic wave in frequency band locating for periodic shock signal
Signal is decomposed, and the harmonic signal after decomposition is overlapped, the periodic shock signal reconstructed；
S3, Envelope Analysis step: Envelope Analysis is carried out to reconstruct periodic shock signal, according to envelope peak-to-peak value and envelope
Spectrum diagnoses the impact-rub malfunction of rotating machinery.
Wherein, frequency band determines that step includes: the division number of stories m (m≤log for determining frequency domain according to actual needs first2L-7,
L is the sampling number of signal), then original vibration signal is calculated under different demarcation level using quick kurtogram algorithm
Spectrum kurtosis, finally determine spectrum the maximum frequency band of kurtosis be impact signal locating for frequency band.
Harmonic signal decomposition step includes:
It is following form to the periodic shock signal modeling in selected frequency band:
Wherein, s (t) is periodic shock ingredient, it is by one group of harmonic wave clusterIt constitutes；n(t)
For the noise of entrained in selected frequency band.The initial value of given one group of harmonic signal cluster frequencyAbove formula can turn to
Following form:
Wherein
By above-mentioned continuous signal in { t0,t1,…,tL-1At carry out it is discrete after, by solving following L in step S22Canonical
Change optimization problem to decompose the harmonic component in selected frequency band:
Wherein
Λ is Second differential matrix, and μ is regularization parameter, and T is the transposition operation of representing matrix.
Using in following iterative algorithm (variation nonlinear frequency modulation mode decomposition method) solution in harmonic signal decomposition step
Optimization problem is stated, so that the periodic shock signal in selected frequency band be reconstructed:
S201: initialization iteration invariant sM=x, μ, ν, ∈, ε1, ε2, iteration count i=1；
S202: initialization iteration variable Iteration count p=0；
S203: from above-mentioned L2α is solved in regularization optimization problemiWith βiLeast square solution, i.e.,
S204: renewal frequency estimate vectorWhereinStep-length is corrected for the frequency of smoothing
S205: i-th of component of reconstructWherein
S206: determine stopping criterion for iterationIf the condition is invalid, p=p+1 is enabled
And the S203 that gos to step, it is no to then follow the steps S207；
S207: i-th of harmonic component that is decomposed of reconstructIt updates
S208: determine stopping criterion for iterationIf the condition is invalid, i=i+ is enabled
The 1 and S202 that gos to step, it is no to then follow the steps S209；
S209: reconstruct periodic shock signal
Envelope Analysis step includes:
S301: Hilbert transform method estimation reconstruct periodic shock signal is utilized Instantaneous amplitude A (t)；
S302: calculating cycle impact signal instantaneous amplitude A (t) the average peak-to-peak value in each swing circle；
S303: its frequency spectrum is obtained as Fourier transformation to instantaneous amplitude A (t), extracts the frequency of energy most strong component in frequency spectrum
Rate；
S304: according to frequency locating for average peak-to-peak value obtained in step S302 and step S303 and energy most strong component
Rate diagnoses the impact-rub malfunction of rotating machinery.
Fig. 2,3 are that used hydraulic turbine water leads X to throw vibration letter when method proposed in the present invention is embodied
Number time domain waveform and spectrogram.When the acquisition of the vibration signal, the hydraulic turbine is just transported with the revolving speed of 150r/min (2.5Hz)
Turn, sample frequency is about 641Hz, and sampling number is 8192.By Fig. 2,3 it is found that from the time domain waveform of the vibration signal simultaneously
Significant periodic shock structure is not observed, and it be by a series of frequencies is approximately water that its spectrogram, which then shows the vibration signal,
What the harmonic component that turbine turns frequency integral multiple was constituted.
Embodiment 1
Circulation impact method for detecting vibration specific implementation process based on harmonic signal decomposition proposed in the present invention is such as
Under:
Step 1, determining that frequency domain divides the number of plies is 5 (5≤log2(8192) -7) it, is calculated using quick kurtogram algorithm
Spectrum kurtosis of the vibration signal in different frequency range, as shown in Figure 4.As shown in Figure 4, the periodic shock of impact vibration maximum intensity
It is 40.06Hz that ingredient, which is located at centre frequency, and bandwidth is to be located at frequency range 26.71Hz~53.42Hz in the frequency range of 26.71Hz.
Step 2, according to the characteristic distributions of vibration signals spectrograph, the frequency of 11 harmonic components in Initialize chosen frequency band
For { 27.5Hz, 30Hz, 32.5Hz, 35Hz, 37.5Hz, 40Hz, 42.5Hz, 45Hz, 47.5Hz, 50Hz, 52.5Hz }.Utilize change
Point nonlinear frequency modulation mode decomposition method to the harmonic component being located in frequency range 26.71Hz~53.415Hz in the vibration signal into
Row decompose, be divided into solution obtain 11 frequencies be respectively 27.54Hz, 30.04Hz, 32.55Hz, 35.06Hz, 37.57Hz,
40.06Hz, 42.57Hz, 45.07Hz, 47.57Hz, 50.08Hz, 52.58Hz } harmonic component.By decomposition result it is found that this
Difference on the frequency between group harmonic signal cluster adjacent component is approximately 2.50Hz, i.e., the hydraulic turbine turns frequency.By this 11 harmonic components into
Periodic shock ingredient in the i.e. restructural selected frequency band of row superposition
Shown in time domain waveform such as Fig. 5 (b) after reconstruct.
Step 3, the instantaneous amplitude A (t) of periodic shock signal shown in Fig. 5 (b) is extracted using Hilbert transform method,
And acquiring its average peak-to-peak value in each swing circle is 13.05 μm.Fourier transformation acquisition is made to instantaneous amplitude A (t)
Shown in its frequency spectrum such as Fig. 6 (b), frequency locating for energy most strong component is 2.50Hz, i.e. 1X in the frequency spectrum.According to practical experience,
When the hydraulic turbine water lead X to the envelope peak-to-peak value that is averaged that ingredient is impacted included in throw be more than energy in 6 μm and envelope spectrum
When strongest component is located at the position 1X or 2X, then it is assumed that impact-rub malfunction has occurred in the rotor-support-foundation system in the hydraulic turbine.
In order to prove the superiority of method proposed in the present invention, Fig. 5 (a) and Fig. 6 (a), which are illustrated, utilizes bandpass filtering
The impact signal time domain waveform and its envelope spectrum that device is reconstructed in selected frequency band 26.71Hz~53.42Hz.It can be with by comparison
It was found that the impact signal that method proposed in the present invention is reconstructed has the higher noise when lower distortion factor.
In addition, being given in Fig. 7 (a) and Fig. 8 (a) using bandpass filter according to total determined by impulse response experiment
The impact signal time domain waveform and its envelope spectrum reconstructed in vibration frequency band 45Hz~75Hz；It is provided in Fig. 7 (b) and Fig. 8 (b)
The impact signal time domain waveform and its packet reconstructed in resonance bands 45Hz~75Hz using method proposed in the present invention
Network spectrum.By compared with Fig. 5 and result demonstrated in Figure 6, it can be deduced that following two conclusions: 1) composing kurtosis graphical spectrum technology
As a kind of method of data-driven, impact strength can be more accurately determined in the spectrum kurtosis of each frequency band according to vibration signal
Frequency band where maximum periodic shock ingredient；2) in this example in selected two frequency bands, using being mentioned in the present invention
The periodic shock signal that method out is reconstructed all than using the obtained result of bandpass filtering have higher signal-to-noise ratio and
The lower distortion factor.
On the basis of a kind of above-mentioned circulation impact method for detecting vibration decomposed based on harmonic signal, the present invention also provides
A kind of circulation impact vibration detecting system decomposed based on harmonic signal, comprising:
Band determination module: frequency band locating for periodic shock signal is determined according to spectrum kurtosis map；
Harmonic signal decomposing module: using signal decomposition method to the harmonic signal in frequency band locating for periodic shock signal
It is decomposed, and the harmonic signal after decomposition is overlapped, the periodic shock signal reconstructed；
Envelope analysis module: Envelope Analysis is carried out to reconstruct periodic shock signal, according to envelope peak-to-peak value and envelope spectrum
The impact-rub malfunction of rotating machinery is diagnosed.
One skilled in the art will appreciate that in addition to realizing system provided by the invention in a manner of pure computer readable program code
It, completely can be by the way that method and step be carried out programming in logic come so that the present invention provides and its other than each device, module, unit
System and its each device, module, unit with logic gate, switch, specific integrated circuit, programmable logic controller (PLC) and embedding
Enter the form of the controller that declines etc. to realize identical function.So system provided by the invention and its every device, module, list
Member is considered a kind of hardware component, and to include in it can also for realizing the device of various functions, module, unit
To be considered as the structure in hardware component；It can also will be considered as realizing the device of various functions, module, unit either real
The software module of existing method can be the structure in hardware component again.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are described above.It is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited to above-mentioned
Particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make a variety of changes or modify within the scope of the claims, this not shadow
Ring substantive content of the invention.In the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiments herein and embodiment can any phase
Mutually combination.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of circulation impact method for detecting vibration decomposed based on harmonic signal characterized by comprising
Frequency band determines step: determining frequency band locating for periodic shock signal according to spectrum kurtosis map；
Harmonic signal decomposition step: the harmonic signal in frequency band locating for periodic shock signal is carried out using signal decomposition method
It decomposes, and the harmonic signal after decomposition is overlapped, obtain reconstruct periodic shock signal；
Envelope Analysis step: Envelope Analysis is carried out to reconstruct periodic shock signal, according to envelope peak-to-peak value and envelope spectrum to rotation
The impact-rub malfunction of favourable turn tool is diagnosed.
2. the circulation impact method for detecting vibration according to claim 1 decomposed based on harmonic signal, which is characterized in that institute
It states frequency band and determines that step includes:
Determine the division number of stories m of frequency domain, m≤log2L-7, L are the sampling number of vibration signal；
Spectrum kurtosis of the original vibration signal under different demarcation level is calculated using quick kurtogram algorithm；
Determine that the spectrum maximum frequency band of kurtosis is frequency band locating for periodic shock signal.
3. the circulation impact method for detecting vibration according to claim 1 decomposed based on harmonic signal, which is characterized in that institute
Stating harmonic signal decomposition step includes:
It is the sum of a series of harmonic signal by the periodic shock signal modeling in selected frequency band；
To the model built in { t0, t1..., tL-1At carry out it is discrete, using signal decomposition method to the harmonic wave in selected frequency band
Component is decomposed, and the periodic shock signal in selected frequency band is reconstructed in the harmonic signal after being decomposed by superposition.
4. the circulation impact method for detecting vibration according to claim 3 decomposed based on harmonic signal, which is characterized in that institute
Stating signal decomposition method includes variation nonlinear frequency modulation mode decomposition method.
5. the circulation impact method for detecting vibration according to claim 1 decomposed based on harmonic signal, which is characterized in that institute
Stating Envelope Analysis step includes:
The instantaneous amplitude of reconstruct periodic shock signal is estimated using Hilbert transform method；
Calculate average peak-to-peak value of the instantaneous amplitude in each swing circle；
The frequency spectrum that Fourier transformation obtains instantaneous amplitude is made to instantaneous amplitude, extracts the frequency of energy most strong component in frequency spectrum；
The impact-rub malfunction of rotating machinery is diagnosed according to the frequency of obtained average peak-to-peak value, energy most strong component.
6. a kind of circulation impact vibration detecting system decomposed based on harmonic signal characterized by comprising
Band determination module: frequency band locating for periodic shock signal is determined according to spectrum kurtosis map；
Harmonic signal decomposing module: the harmonic signal in frequency band locating for periodic shock signal is carried out using signal decomposition method
It decomposes, and the harmonic signal after decomposition is overlapped, obtain reconstruct periodic shock signal；
Envelope analysis module: Envelope Analysis is carried out to reconstruct periodic shock signal, according to envelope peak-to-peak value and envelope spectrum to rotation
The impact-rub malfunction of favourable turn tool is diagnosed.
7. the circulation impact vibration detecting system according to claim 6 decomposed based on harmonic signal, which is characterized in that institute
Stating band determination module includes:
Determine the division number of stories m of frequency domain, m≤log2L-7, L are the sampling number of vibration signal；
Spectrum kurtosis of the original vibration signal under different demarcation level is calculated using quick kurtogram algorithm；
Determine that the spectrum maximum frequency band of kurtosis is frequency band locating for periodic shock signal.
8. the circulation impact vibration detecting system according to claim 6 decomposed based on harmonic signal, which is characterized in that institute
Stating harmonic signal decomposing module includes:
It is the sum of a series of harmonic signal by the periodic shock signal modeling in selected frequency band；
To the model built in { t0, t1..., tL-1At carry out it is discrete, using signal decomposition method to the harmonic wave in selected frequency band
Component is decomposed, and the periodic shock signal in selected frequency band is reconstructed in the harmonic signal after being decomposed by superposition.
9. the circulation impact vibration detecting system according to claim 8 decomposed based on harmonic signal, which is characterized in that institute
Stating signal decomposition method includes variation nonlinear frequency modulation mode decomposition method.
10. the circulation impact vibration detecting system according to claim 6 decomposed based on harmonic signal, which is characterized in that
The envelope analysis module includes:
The instantaneous amplitude of reconstruct periodic shock signal is estimated using Hilbert transform method；
Calculate average peak-to-peak value of the instantaneous amplitude in each swing circle；
The frequency spectrum that Fourier transformation obtains instantaneous amplitude is made to instantaneous amplitude, extracts the frequency of energy most strong component in frequency spectrum；
The impact-rub malfunction of rotating machinery is diagnosed according to the frequency of obtained average peak-to-peak value, energy most strong component.
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| CN114506471A (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2022-05-17 | 北京机电工程研究所 | Method for determining first-order bending frequency of airplane suspension |
| CN116401534A (en) * | 2023-06-08 | 2023-07-07 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速空气动力研究所 | Pulse pressure modal component separation method |
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