CN109893244A - The manipulation and control system of the extensible electrode for the handpiece that electroporation process uses - Google Patents
The manipulation and control system of the extensible electrode for the handpiece that electroporation process uses Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
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- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 10
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Abstract
The manipulation and control system of extensible electrode for handpiece, wherein support component carrying and multiple flexible electrodes made of flexible cable are provided with and stretch out from support component and under the promotion of actuator in the needle-shaped preceding part that three-dimensional space is mobile.Control electronics execute: providing order to execute initial manipulation to each cable according to initial step length, to keep front split-phase for the second proximal end axial advancement and separate with axis to actuator；It is determined for each pair of electrode between the tip of the preceding part of electrode pair along the spacing perpendicular to axis direction；It is determined as the voltage of the function of spacing, and applies the pulse signal with the maximum voltage equal to voltage calculated to each electrode；For with initially walk continuous n step and repeat the above steps so that the preceding part of electrode is mobile to away from each other in three-dimensional applications region；The voltage for being applied to electrode is linearly increasing with the increase of spacing, and can generate and ensure in application region to the electric field for organizing complete electroporation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the manipulation of the extensible electrode for the handpiece used in electroporation process and control systems.
Background technique
It is well known that the purpose of the electroporation technology of tissue is for all cells for including in tissue to be evenly exposed to
Electric field with the intensity for being more than local threshold, to obtain the permeabilization on cell membrane.In some applications (for example, tumour
The ablation of tissue), this local threshold is about 400V/cm (the typically greater than value of 250V).
The tissue of pending electroporation must by electric fields uniform penetrate, and in the application volume of entire electric field, electric field must
There must be the value more than threshold value.
In order to keep this electric field spatially effective, needle electrode pair, the needle electrode pair are used in many treatment uses
It is inserted into tissue to be treated with identical depth, to maintain the depth of parallelism between needle.It is, for example, possible to use have fixation several
The electrode (that is, be provided with the electrode that is rigidly fixed each other to) of what structure, to ensure the depth of parallelism between needle.
When it is desirable that treating the tumor nodule in the position (such as, hollow organ or internal organs) for being located at and being difficult to reach,
The depth of parallelism that is not easy to realize between electrode and penetrate the requirement of uniformity.When wishing to avoid abdominal (for example, in liver and gallbladder
In the surgical operation of tumour and pancreatic neoplasm), this requirement is difficult to apply.
In order to treat above-mentioned local tumor, it has been already proposed to use be provided with the ablation skill of the handpiece of expansible electrode bundle
Art (for example, RF ablation), expansible electrode bundle are formed as the form for being provided with the flexible cable of needle-shaped end.
Needle-shaped end is inserted into tumor nodule, and subsequent electrode is positioned and/or extended in the tissue.The electricity issued by electrode
Magnetic energy generates the high-strength hot for surrounding tissue, so as to cause the denaturation solidification of this tissue.
The example for being provided with the handpiece of the extensible electrode of the above-mentioned type carries out in patent EP-B-2.032.057
Description, this patent describes support component, support component includes the insulating body elongated along axis and limits inside it
There are multiple internal channels, each internal channel extends into the straight line portion for being parallel to axis from the first distal end of elongate body, described straight
Line part is adjacent with the second bending part and is connected to, and second bending part has relative to axis towards the second of elongate body
The increased radial distance in proximal end.The second proximal end is led to by respective opening in each bending part.Handpiece further includes by supporting
Multiple flexible electrodes (needle) of component carrying, the multiple flexible electrode can be relative to institute under the action of hand moving system
It is mobile to state main body；Each electrode includes the flexible cable being made of an electrically conducting material, and flexible cable insulating sheath is covered and set
It is equipped with the front end unmasked portion to form needle-shaped movable part.Each flexible cable is contained in respective channel interior, and activity
Part is stretched out from respective opening when in use.Artificial moving system acts on the rear part of flexible cable to cause these electricity
Cable is moved along direction of advance, in direction of advance, the preceding part that the slave support component of cable is stretched out advance along axis and
Simultaneously radially remote from this axis.
The electrode of the above-mentioned type cannot be guaranteed the depth of parallelism between needle-shaped movable part.In addition, extensible electrode does not provide
It is adjusted the electric field value of application as the function of position, electric field value is fixed；Therefore, for the sectional therapy of tubercle,
It can not be handled with the consecutive steps of electroporation.
For the above reasons, it is known that the extensible electrode of type cannot ensure that carrying out electricity to all cells of tumor nodule wears
Hole.
If not maintaining the depth of parallelism between electrode, with V/cm apply electric field may electrode nearest tip and
Difference is very big between farthest tip.For example, they, which can have, can determine the value discharged across tissue at nearest tip
(V/cm), and at farthest tip, their value does not reach threshold value V.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to generate manipulation and control system for extensible electrode, the system also allows in electricity
Using the handpiece for being provided with extensible electrode in perforation procedure, worn so that it is guaranteed that carrying out complete electricity to the tissue of certain volume
Hole.
Above-mentioned purpose realizes that the present invention relates to expanding for the handpiece used in electroporation process through the invention
The manipulation and control system of electrode are opened up, the manipulation and control system include:
Support component is provided with the elongated insulating body along axis H at one end, defines inside insulating body
Multiple internal channels, each internal channel extend into the straight line portion for being parallel to axis H, the straight line from the first distal end of elongate body
Part is adjacent with second straight line split-phase and is connected to, and second straight line part extends along relative to axis H-shaped at the direction of the angle of divergence,
Second straight line part has relative to axis H towards the increased radial distance in the second proximal end of elongate body；Each second straight line
Divide and the second proximal end is led to by respective opening；
Multiple flexible electrodes are carried by the support component, and can be relative to the master under the action of moving system
Body is mobile；Each electrode includes the flexible cable being made of an electrically conducting material, and flexible cable insulating sheath is covered and is provided with
Form the front end unmasked portion of needle-shaped movable part；
Each flexible cable is contained in respective channel interior, and movable part is stretched out from respective opening when in use；
Moving system, which acts on flexible cable, moves cable itself along direction of advance to execute, wherein cable
Advance from the preceding part that support component is stretched out along the axis H and at the same time itself is radially remote from axis H itself；
Manipulation and control system are characterized in that: it further includes control electronics, and control electronics control pushes system
The actuator of system and the voltage for being applied to electrode, thereby executing following functions:
A) order is provided to execute initial manipulation to each cable according to initial step length Δ h, thereby executing making to actuator
Part is separate with axis H for the second proximal end axial advancement and before making for front split-phase；
B) it is determined for each pair of electrode between the tip of the preceding part of electrode between along the orientation measurement perpendicular to axis
Away from li；
C) it is determined as the spacing liFunction voltage V, V=f (li), and apply to have to each electrode and be equal to
The pulse signal of the maximum voltage of determined voltage V；
D) to initially walk continuous n step k and repeat above step a), b) and c) so that the movable part of electrode is three
It is moved in space in dimension application region, to make the movable part of electrode away from each other；The voltage of electrode is applied to according to setting
Fixed rule increases with the increase of spacing, and can generate and ensure to carry out electricity completely to tissue in the application region
The electric field of perforation.
Detailed description of the invention
Now, the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and attached drawing indicates embodiment party preferably and not restrictive of the invention
Formula, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 shows the expansible electricity for handpiece of instruction manufacture according to the present invention with schematical longitudinal cross-section
The manipulation and control system of pole；
Fig. 2 shows the manipulations of extensible electrode made according to the present invention and control operation；And
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram using extensible electrode；
Fig. 4 shows the first modification of the system of Fig. 1；And
Fig. 5 shows the second modification of the system of Fig. 1.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 appended drawing reference 1 indicate the handpiece for being provided with extensible electrode (schematically showing) manipulation and
The entirety of control system.Handpiece can advantageously make in the electroporation process of part for not constituting subject of this patent application
With subject of the present invention only relates to the knot of the structure and electrode of the electrical, mechanical of the system and control aspect and handpiece
Structure.
Handpiece includes support component --- and (it can be rigid or flexible, this can hold member for the electrode 3 that can hold
Part by partly and schematically show), it (is in this example circle that axis H, which is provided with elongated insulating body 4, at one end
Cylinder, but shape is changeable), and define multiple internal channels 5 inside it (in this example, channel has round cut
Face), each internal channel 5 extends into the first straight line part 6 for being parallel to axis H from the first distal end 4-a of elongate body 4, and first
Straight line portion 6 is adjacent with second straight line part 7 and is connected to, second straight line part 7 along relative to axis H (and therefore also phase
For the extending direction of first straight line part) formed angle of divergence θ direction extend, and therefore second straight line part 7 have phase
For axis H towards the second increased radial distance of proximal end 4-b of elongate body 4.
In general, angle of divergence θ can change to 45 degree from 5 degree.
The second proximal end 4-b is led to by respective opening 8 in each second straight line part 7, and opening 8 is in second proximal part
Wall 9 (in this example, flat wall is perpendicular to axis H, but shape can change) split shed of 4-b.
Handpiece includes that multiple flexible electrodes 11 (to simplify the description, only show a pair of electrodes, but the quantity of electrode can
With it is different and for example formed two pairs, three pairs, four pairs or more to), flexible electrode 11 is by support component 3 and elongated insulating body
4 carryings, and can be mobile relative to elongated insulating body 4 under the action of moving system.
Each electrode 11 of electrode centering includes the flexible cable 14 made of elastic conducting material (such as steel wire), flexible
Cable 14 is covered and is provided with to form the needle-shaped of movable part and do not cover preceding part 14-f (length is included in insulating sheath 13
Between 2mm and 4cm).
Each electrode 11 is contained in inside respective channel 5, and when use when movable part 14-f from be located at channel 5 end
Respective opening 8 at portion is stretched out.Moving system for example acts on the rear part of flexible cable 14, (not show in resting position
It moves out) and using the direction of advance F execution between position (Fig. 1) along these cables, wherein flexible in resting position
Electrode is contained in respective 5 inside of channel (and therefore needle like section is untouchable, so that it is guaranteed that safety), is using position
In setting, the preceding part 14-f of cable 14 and electrode section adjacent thereto are stretched out from support component 3.
Cable 14 causes preceding part 14-f moving along axis H along the movement of direction of advance F, due to second straight line
Points 7 presence, these preceding part 14-f and the second proximal end 4-b axially away from, the part 14-f and axis H radially away from, from
And flexible cable is caused to advance along relative to axis H with the direction of angle Cl.
It is that the slave opening 8 of flexible cable 14 is stretched out partially due to guiding function that second straight line part 7 provides and substantially
Linearly extend.Therefore, the straight line portion of stretching is at an angle of θ relative to axis H-shaped.
Cable 14 causes preceding part 14-f towards the second close end along the movement of the retracted orientation B opposite with direction of advance F
The movement of point 4-b and part 14-f the moving radially towards axis H.The movement continues to that the part 14-f returns to it
5 inside of respective channel and electrode 11 be included in inside support component 3.The position allows that electrode is made to keep safety, thus anti-
Only the accident between needle like section and operator's (not shown) of manipulation handpiece contacts.
According to the present invention, control electronics 27 are provided, the actuator 17 of moving system is controlled and are applied to electrode
11 voltage V, thereby executing the operation described with reference to the flow chart of Fig. 2.
Execute following operation:
It a) (is in this example electric mechanical actuator, but an actuator can also be mechanical type to actuator 17
) offer order to execute initial manipulation (frame 100) according to each cable 14 of the initial separation delta h to 11 centering of electrode, thus
Execution makes preceding part 14-f relative to the second proximal end 4-b axial advancement and keeps preceding part 14-f and axis H separate；
B) for the electrode centering each electrode 11 determine between the tip of 11 couples of electrode of preceding part 14-f along
Spacing or distance l perpendicular to the orientation measurement of axis Hi(spacing between tip) (frame 110)；
C) it is determined as spacing liFunction voltage V (frame 120), and to the electrode of electrode centering 11 apply have highest
The pulse signal (frame 130) of voltage V --- pulse signal can have different waveforms (square, triangle, sine curve,
Sawtooth etc.) and can have fixed or variable frequency；
D) to the continuous step k1, k2 of initial step ... ki ... multiple step k of kn repeat above step a), b) and c), and
And therefore obtain multiple increased step delta h1, Δ h2 ... Δ hi ... it is increased between Δ hn and the electrode of the electrode centering
Distance values l1、l2、…li、…ln, so that space of the movable part 14-f of the electrode 11 of electrode centering in three-dimensional applications region
Middle movement；The voltage of 11 couples of electrode of needle like section 14-f is applied to as the spacing l between electrodeiFunction and change,
Linearly increase with the increase of spacing.
Preferably, voltage V and liBetween relationship V=f (li) mapped out in table according to linear programming, the table is to increase
The value l addediExport different increased output valve V (for example, the relationship pointed out in the following table):
| l1=1cm | V1=1000V |
| l2=2cm | V2=2000V |
| l3=3cm | V3=3000V |
| li | Vi |
| ln | Vn |
The quantity n of step k can be artificially set, to limit the movable part 14-f of electrode 11 relative to initially manipulating
The maximum displacement of the location of movable part 14-f before, and therefore limit the movable part of the electrode 11 of electrode centering
Spacing l between the tip of 14-fMAX.For example, maximum spacing can take the value of 3cm；Apply 3000V's at maximum spacing herein
Maximum voltage.
According to each second straight line part 7 relative to axis H-shaped at angle of divergence θ 1 and θ 2, and according to wall 9 and place
Have the tip of front end unmasked portion 14-f and perpendicular between the plane of axis H along axis H measurement/estimation distance, base
Radial distance a between the exit opening 8 and axis H of 11 pairs of electrode of each second straight line part 70、b0To determine spacing
li。
In general, following relationship can be used:
li=a0+b0+ditan(θ1)+ditan(θ2)。
Wherein, distance diCorresponding to working as, wall 9 is arranged to contact with a part of human body and electrode 11 is inserted into being somebody's turn to do for human body
Along the insertion depth of the electrode of axis H measurement when part.
Distance diIt can be determined indirectly by mapping, it is described to be mapped as each corresponding value d of step reporti, i.e.,
Alternatively, distance diCan directly be determined by sensor, the sensor measurement can be moved along axis H and
The axial displacement for the straight line contre electrode 30 (being represented by dashed line) being contained in the axial cavity 31 of elongated insulating body.
Frame 110 determines d using these relationshipsi。
Under any circumstance, control electronics 27, which are configured to execute to have, does not cover the long of needle like section 14-f than front end
Spend the step delta h of small length.
The function that the maximum length of movable part can be used as θ ° of the angle of divergence is selected, so that the length is with described
Angle increase and reduce and electric field significant uniformity is kept in the volume influenced by electroporation.
For example, according to the value for including in subordinate list:
It can be each electrode or the storage of each pair of electrode and angle of divergence θ 1 in memory related with RFID device (Fig. 1)
With the θ 2 and d chosen for continuous stepiValue and a0、b0The related information of value, when RFID device is arranged in electronic unit 27
When neighbouring, RFID device is automatically activated with download information a0、b0, θ 1 and θ 2 and diIf (presence in the form of mapping), and
And allow to calculate V.RFID device can also provide other information, for example, 11 pairs of electrode quantity and movable part 14-f length
Degree.
Step a), repetition b) and c) are ensured: for each position of the electrode 11 in three-dimensional applications region, being updated
It is applied to the threshold value that the potential V of each pair of electrode makes the local value of electric field be higher than setting, thus corresponding with three-dimensional applications region
Tissue regions cell membrane on obtain desired permeabilization.
When in use, proximal part 4-b shelves or be placed on a part of human body nearby and electrode 11 is arranged in rest position
In setting.Then, it extracts electrode 11 out and it is made to penetrate the tissue of human body (in the case where patient's local anaesthesia or general anesthesia, certainly
So penetrate), until needle like section 14-f reaches a part (for example, tumor nodule) of tissue to be treated.In these positioning
During operation, voltage is not applied to electrode 11.30 (if present) of contre electrode is mobile also along axis H, and helps to insert
Enter depth diMeasurement.
Then, electronic unit 27 controls extensible electrode, and according to value a0、b0, θ 1 and θ 2 and according to measurement
Or the value d of estimationiTo calculate/apply voltage V (discharging by using RFID).
Signal with maximum voltage V is applied to each pair of electrode 11 with predetermined time interval, and local super using having
The electric field for crossing the value of threshold value to execute " piece " A of tumor nodule electroporation (referring to Fig. 3).As described above, according to electrode 11 it
Between the voltage value that applies of distance computation so that voltage value has suitable value, and the thickness that tumor nodule is through depends on
In the length (Fig. 3) of needle-shaped movable part 14-f.
Actuator 17 applies the first displacement h to electrode 11, thus execute inside the tubercle make before before the 14-f axial direction of part
Into Δ r, the calculating process of repeat block 120, and with linearly increased voltage to second of tubercle (piece " B ", referring again to
Fig. 3) execute electroporation.In fact, the spacing between the movable part 14-f of electrode increases, and need to apply higher voltage
To guarantee that the part of the arrangement of tissue between the electrodes in each region of tubercle there is the electric field of the value more than threshold value to wear
Thoroughly.
Actuator 17 applies second displacement Δ h to electrode 11, thus execute inside and around the tubercle make before part 14-f
Advance Δ r axially further, the calculating process of repeat block 120, and electroporation is executed to the third piece of tubercle (piece " C ").
The repetition of aforesaid operations allows to carry out electroporation to N piece (for example, ten of tumor nodule).
In each " promotion " (that is, after displacement h), electric field is recalculated as needle like section 14- by " adjustment " electric field
The function of new position of the f inside and around tumor nodule.The process is repeated until entire tubercle (its depth) is already subjected to electricity
Perforation.
If three electrodes 11 are configured to receive inside respective channel 5, wherein channel 5 is logical by respective opening
To wall 9, opening is centrally disposed at vertex of a triangle, and an opening center is relative to opening center adjacent thereto
And forming angle beta (beta) relative to the track of axis H (trace), (it is the angle measured on the plane perpendicular to axis H
Degree), then electronic unit 27 based on following equation determine belong to tool there are three electrode group each pair of electrode between spacing ln:
Wherein,
an=a0+dn tan(θ1)
bn=b0+dn tan(θ2)
Wherein, a indicates the radial distance between the center of opening 8 and the track of axis H of the first electrode of electrode centering,
And b indicates the radial distance (Fig. 4) between the center of opening 8 and the track of axis H of the second electrode of electrode centering.
If four electrodes 11 (referring to Fig. 5) or more electrode is configured to receive inside respective channel 5, wherein
Wall 9 is led to by respective be open in channel 5, the apex for being centrally disposed on polygon (for example, diamond shape in Fig. 5) of opening,
And an opening center forms angle beta (beta) relative to opening center adjacent thereto and relative to the track of axis H
(it is the angle measured on the plane perpendicular to axis H), then electronic unit 27 is belonged to based on following equation determination with four
Spacing l between each pair of electrode of the group of a electrode or more electroden:
Wherein,
an=a0+dntan(θ1)
bn=b0+dntan(θ2)
Wherein, a indicates the radial distance between the center of opening 8 and the track of axis H of the first electrode of electrode centering,
And b indicates the radial direction between the center of opening 8 and the track of axis H of the electrode centering second electrode adjacent with first electrode
Distance.
Claims (11)
1. the manipulation and control system of the extensible electrode for the handpiece used in electroporation process, the manipulation and control
System processed includes:
Support component (3) is provided with the elongated insulating body (4) along axis H at one end of the support component (3), and
And defined multiple internal channels (5) in the inside of the elongated insulating body (4), each internal channel (5) is from described elongated
First distal end (4-a) of main body (4) extends into the straight line portion (6) for being parallel to the axis H, the straight line portion (6) and the
Two straight line portions (7) are adjacent and are connected to, and the second straight line part (7) is along the side relative to the axis H-shaped at the angle of divergence
To extension, the second straight line part (7), which has, to be increased relative to the axis H towards the second proximal end (4-b) of the elongate body
The radial distance added；Each second straight line part (7) leads to second proximal end (4-b) by respective opening (8)；
Multiple flexible electrodes (11), are carried by the support component, and can be relative to described under the action of moving system
Main body is mobile；Each electrode includes the flexible cable being made of an electrically conducting material, and the flexible cable is covered with insulating sheath (13)
And it is provided with front end unmasked portion (14-f), the front end unmasked portion (14-f) forms needle-shaped movable part；
It is internal that each flexible cable (14) is contained in respective channel (5), and the front end unmasked portion (14-f) is using
When from respective opening (8) stretch out；
The moving system, which acts on the flexible cable (14), moves the cable itself along direction of advance (F) to execute
It is dynamic, wherein the cable (14) is advanced along the axis H and at the same time making from the preceding part that the support component is stretched out
Itself is radially remote from the axis H；
The manipulation and control system (1) are characterized in that: described manipulate with control system (1) further includes control electronics
(27), the control electronics (27) control the actuator (17) of the moving system and are applied to the voltage of the electrode,
Thereby executing following functions:
A) Xiang Suoshu actuator (17) provides order and is initially manipulated with being executed according to initial step length Δ h to each cable (14), from
And executing makes the front end unmasked portion (14-f) relative to the second proximal end (4-b) axial advancement and makes the front end not
Covering part (14-f) and the axis H are separate；
B) it is determined for each pair of electrode (11) between the tip of the front end unmasked portion (14-f) of electrode (11) pair along vertical
Directly in the spacing l of the orientation measurement of the axis (H)i；
C) it is determined as the spacing liFunction voltage V, V=f (li), and apply pulse signal to each electrode, it is described
Pulse signal has the maximum voltage equal to identified voltage V；
D) above step a), b) and c) are repeated to the continuous multiple steps of initial step, so that the front end of the electrode is not covered
Cover (14-f) moves in the space in three-dimensional applications region, to make the front end unmasked portion of the electrode
(14-f) away from each other；The voltage for being applied to the electrode increases according to the rule of setting with the increase of the spacing, and
And the electric field for ensuring to carry out complete electroporation to tissue in the application region can be generated.
2. system according to claim 1, wherein the control electronics (27) are configured to according to each second straight line
Partially (7) relative to the axis H-shaped at angle of divergence θ 1 and angle of divergence θ 2 and according to the end wall of second proximal end (4-b)
(9) and perpendicular to the axis H and be placed with the front end unmasked portion (14-f) tip plane between along described
The distance of axis H measurement or estimation, the exit opening (8) of each second straight line part (7) based on electrode (11) pair with
Radial distance a between the axis (H)0、b0To determine the spacing li。
3. system according to claim 2, wherein the control electronics (27) are configured at least two electrodes, root
Relationship is descended to determine the spacing l accordinglyi:
li=a0+b0+di tan(θ1)+di tan(θ2)。
4. system according to claim 2, wherein RFID device is provided with, when the RFID device is arranged in the electricity
Son control equipment (27) nearby when, the RFID device automatically activate with will at least with a0、b0And θ 1 and the related information of θ 2
It is downloaded to the control electronics (27).
5. system according to claim 2, wherein be provided with for directly detecting the diValue sensor.
6. system according to claim 5, wherein the sensor includes the axis of measurement straight line contre electrode (30)
To displacement diSensor, the straight line contre electrode (30) can move along the axis H and be contained in described elongated
In the central axial cavity (31) of insulating body (4).
7. system according to claim 2, wherein the control electronics (27) are configured to by mapping come indirectly
Determine di, the mapping is for the corresponding d of each step reportiValue.
8. system according to claim 1, wherein the control electronics (27) are configured to the quantity of setting step, with
Limit the maximum spacing between the front end unmasked portion (14-f) of the electrode (11).
9. system according to claim 1, wherein the control electronics (27) are configured to execute length than before described
The step delta h for holding the length for not covering needle like section (14-f) small.
10. system according to claim 1, wherein there are three electrode (11), three electrodes (11) to be contained in for setting
Respective channel (5) is internal, and the channel (5) leads to the end wall (9) of second proximal end (4-b) by respective be open, and one
Track of a opening center relative to the opening center adjacent with one opening center and relative to the axis H is formed
Angle beta (beta), the angle beta are measured on the plane perpendicular to the axis H；
The control electronics (27) are configured to belong to each pair of of the group with three electrodes based on following equation determination
The spacing l between electrodei:
Wherein,
Wherein,
ai=a0+di tan(θ1)
bi=b0+di tan(θ2)
Wherein, a indicates the diameter between the center of the opening (8) and the track of the axis H of the first electrode of electrode centering
It is indicated between the center of the opening (8) and the track of the axis H of second electrode of electrode centering to distance and b
Radial distance.
11. system according to claim 1, wherein provide at least four electrodes, at least four electrode is contained in respectively
From channel (5) it is internal, the channel (5) leads to the end wall (9) of second proximal end (4-b) by respective be open, described
The apex for being centrally disposed on polygon of opening, an opening center is relative to the opening adjacent with one opening center
Center and angle beta (beta) is formed relative to the track of the axis H, the angle beta is perpendicular to the flat of the axis H
It is measured on face,
The control electronics (27) determine each pair of electricity for belonging to the group with four or more electrodes based on following equation
The spacing l between polei:
Wherein,
ai=a0+di tan(θ1)
bi=b0+di tan(θ2)
Wherein, a indicates the radial direction between the center of the opening 8 and the track of the axis H of the first electrode of electrode centering
Distance and b indicate the opening 8 of the electrode centering second electrode adjacent with the first electrode center and the axis
Radial distance between the track of H.
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