CN109889131A - The suppressing method of electric car AC-battery power source drive system temperature effect - Google Patents
The suppressing method of electric car AC-battery power source drive system temperature effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of suppressing methods of electric car AC-battery power source drive system temperature effect, it include: to establish the temperature model of battery, supercapacitor, power inverter and driving motor respectively, and the power loss of battery, supercapacitor, power inverter and driving motor under temperature effect effect in electric car operational process is obtained according to the temperature model of foundation；Based on tolerant hierarchical sequence optimization method, according to preset significance level ranking, successively establishes optimization object function for the power loss of battery, supercapacitor, power inverter and driving motor and optimize constraint condition accordingly；It is successively solved according to the sequence that optimization object function and optimization constraint condition are established, and gradually operating parameter corresponding in AC-battery power source drive system is optimized according to obtained Optimal Parameters are solved, realize the minimum of system power dissipation, and then system loss is reduced from source, system effectiveness is improved, realizes maximally utilizing for the energy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery technology field more particularly to a kind of electric car AC-battery power source drive system temperature effects
Suppressing method.
Background technique
Currently, accumulator of electric car-supercapacitor AC-battery power source drive system receives in new-energy automobile field
The extensive concern of domestic and foreign scholars, in the AC-battery power source, battery plays the big advantage of its energy density, supercapacitor hair
The big advantage of its power density is waved, and then meets the high-energy density of electric car load and the dual requirements of high power density.
During electric car operation, the temperature of AC-battery power source drive system can be increased, and lead to system power
Loss increases, and it is current scholar that the efficiency of reduction system operation, which is how to inhibit the temperature effect of AC-battery power source drive system,
Facing problem.In passing research, temperature suppressing method, which is generally laid particular emphasis on, reduces making for fuel or electric energy to the greatest extent
It would generally be ignored with, some other important parameters inside AC-battery power source drive system or equivalent in its simplest form,
The technical issues of excessively high system power dissipation, ineffective systems can not be efficiently solved.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of electric car AC-battery power source drive system temperature effects
The suppressing method answered efficiently solves existing AC-battery power source drive system system power dissipation as caused by temperature inhibition side
The technical issues of height, ineffective systems.
To achieve the goals above, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
A kind of suppressing method of electric car AC-battery power source drive system temperature effect is applied to electric car AC-battery power source
Drive system includes AC-battery power source, power inverter and driving motor in the AC-battery power source drive system, wherein mixing electricity
Include battery for providing energy and for providing the supercapacitor of power in source, includes DC/DC in power inverter
Converter and DC/AC inverter, and battery is directly connect with DC bus, the supercapacitor series connection DC/DC converter
It is connected in parallel afterwards with battery, driving motor is connect by DC/AC inverter with DC bus；The electric car AC-battery power source
The suppressing method of drive system temperature effect includes:
S10 establishes the temperature model of battery, supercapacitor, power inverter and driving motor respectively, and according to building
Vertical temperature model obtains in electric car operational process battery, supercapacitor, power inverter and driving motor in temperature
Spend the power loss under effect effect；
S20 is based on tolerant hierarchical sequence optimization method, according to preset significance level ranking, is successively directed to electric power storage
Pond, supercapacitor, the power loss of power inverter and driving motor establish optimization object function and corresponding optimization constraint
Condition；
S30 is successively solved according to the sequence that optimization object function and optimization constraint condition are established, and according to solving
To Optimal Parameters gradually operating parameter corresponding in AC-battery power source drive system is optimized, realize AC-battery power source driving system
The inhibition for temperature effect of uniting.
In the suppressing method of electric car AC-battery power source drive system temperature effect provided by the invention, according to mixing electricity
The temperature model of battery, supercapacitor, power inverter and driving motor in source driving system obtains it and imitates in temperature
Should under power loss after, further according to preset significance level ranking and tolerant hierarchical sequence optimization method difference
It establishes optimization object function and optimizes constraint condition accordingly, and according to optimization object function and optimize the suitable of constraint condition foundation
Sequence successively uses differential evolution algorithm to be solved and optimized, with this successively to battery in AC-battery power source drive system, super
Capacitor, power inverter and driving motor carry out temperature effect inhibition, realize the minimum of system power dissipation, and then from source
Head reduces system loss, improves system effectiveness, realizes maximally utilizing for the energy.
Detailed description of the invention
In conjunction with attached drawing, and by reference to following detailed description, it will more easily have more complete understanding to the present invention
And its adjoint advantage and feature is more easily to understand, in which:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of electric car AC-battery power source drive system in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the suppressing method flow diagram of electric car AC-battery power source drive system temperature effect in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the equivalent circuit diagram of battery in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the equivalent circuit diagram of supercapacitor in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
To keep the contents of the present invention more clear and easy to understand, below in conjunction with Figure of description, the contents of the present invention are made into one
Walk explanation.Certainly the invention is not limited to the specific embodiment, general replacement known to those skilled in the art
It is included within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Based on existing in existing AC-battery power source drive system, the system power dissipation as caused by temperature inhibition side is excessively high, system
The technical issues of inefficiency, the present invention provides a kind of inhibition sides of electric car AC-battery power source drive system temperature effect
Method includes AC-battery power source, power inverter and driving motor in the AC-battery power source drive system, includes for mentioning in AC-battery power source
Battery for energy and for providing the supercapacitor of power, includes DC/DC converter and DC/AC inverse in power inverter
Become device, and battery is directly connect with DC bus, be connected in parallel after supercapacitor series connection DC/DC converter with battery,
Driving motor is connect by DC/AC inverter with DC bus, as shown in Figure 1.
As shown in Fig. 2, including: in the suppressing method of the electric car AC-battery power source drive system temperature effect
S10 establishes the temperature model of battery, supercapacitor, power inverter and driving motor respectively, and according to building
Vertical temperature model obtains in electric car operational process battery, supercapacitor, power inverter and driving motor in temperature
Spend the power loss under effect effect；
S20 is based on tolerant hierarchical sequence optimization method, according to preset significance level ranking, is successively directed to electric power storage
Pond, supercapacitor, the power loss of power inverter and driving motor establish optimization object function and corresponding optimization constraint
Condition；
S30 is successively solved according to the sequence that optimization object function and optimization constraint condition are established, and according to solving
To Optimal Parameters gradually operating parameter corresponding in AC-battery power source drive system is optimized, realize AC-battery power source driving system
The inhibition for temperature effect of uniting.
Fig. 3 show the equivalent circuit diagram of battery, the output voltage U of batterybatBy establishing wear relevant to temperature
Peaceful equivalent circuit is tieed up to solve, such as formula (1), by the open-circuit voltage U of batteryoc, equivalent inner impedance ZeqAnd battery voltage
Temperature correction factor Δ E (T) composition:
Ubat=Uoc-Ibat×Zeq+ΔE(T) (1)
Wherein, IbatFor the output electric current of battery, T is temperature.
The open-circuit voltage U of batteryocBe heavily dependent on its state-of-charge (State of charge, hereinafter referred to as
SOC), according to ampere measuring principle, the SOC of battery can be calculated according to such as formula (2):
Wherein, SOC0For the initial value of battery SOC, L is the cycle of operation of electric car.It is calculated according to formula (2)
After the SOC of battery, corresponding battery open-circuit voltage U can be obtained by look-up table (datasheet)oc。
With this, battery power loss P as caused by temperature effect is obtained according to formula (3)bat:
Fig. 4 is the equivalent circuit diagram of supercapacitor, includes the be connected in parallel in the supercapacitor as seen from the figure
One branch, the second branch, third branch and the 4th branch, wherein (also referred to as short-term branch indicates supercapacitor for the first branch
Electrical characteristic in instantaneous several seconds time intervals) by first resistor RfWith first capacitor CfBe composed in series, the second branch
(also referred to as mid-term branch occupies an leading position on minute scale, indicates supercapacitor electrical characteristic in a few minutes) is by the
Two resistance RmWith the second capacitor CmIt is composed in series, (also referred to as long-term branch represents supercapacitor more than 10 minutes for third branch
Long-term electrical characteristic) by 3rd resistor RsWith third capacitor CsIt is composed in series, (representing influenced to surpass as unit of week for the 4th branch
Grade condenser capacity) by ohmic leakage RleakComposition, and meet: Wherein, C0For the capacity initial value of supercapacitor, Re
For the equivalent series resistance of supercapacitor, IleakFor the leakage current of capacity of super capacitor, UucFor the output of supercapacitor
Voltage.
For the equivalent series resistance R of supercapacitore, temperature is affected to it, can with such as formula (4) and (5) etc.
Imitate the temperature correction factor T of series resistanceuc(T) influence of the Lai Dingyi temperature change to it:
Re(T)=Tuc(T)×R0 (4)
Tuc(T)=- 4.791 × 10-7×T3+8.54×10-5×T2-5.463×10-3×T+1.105 (5)
Wherein, R0For the initial value of supercapacitor equivalent series resistance.
With this, supercapacitor power loss P as caused by temperature effect is obtained according to formula (6)uc:
Wherein, IucFor the output electric current of supercapacitor.
It include DC/DC (Direct Current, direct current) converter and DC/AC (Alternating in power inverter
Current, exchange) converter, and a switching tube is included at least in DC/DC converter and DC/AC inverter respectively.Power becomes
The power loss P as caused by temperature effect in parallel operationsIt is mainly shown as the switching loss of switching tube, DC/DC converter and DC/AC
It altogether include 6 switching tubes, i.e. the power loss P of power inverter in invertersIt is embodied in the switching loss of 6 switching tubes
Summation, such as formula (7):
Wherein, UdcFor DC bus-bar voltage, QrrFor the reverse recovery charge of the intrinsic diode of switching tube, IrmIt (T) is to open
Close the root-mean-square value of tube current waveform, IFIt (T) is the forward current rating of intrinsic diode, fsFor the switching frequency of switching tube.
For driving motor, by taking external rotor permanent magnet synchronous machine as an example, considers the temperature effect of permanent magnet magnetic flux, establish electricity
The relationship of machine model and temperature.Assuming that permeability it is temperature independent and without demagnetization phenomenon, driving motor is as caused by temperature effect
Power loss PmIncluding stator copper loss PcuWith iron loss Pfe, such as formula (8):
Pm=Pcu(T)+Pfe(T) (8)
Wherein, PcuIt (T) is copper loss, PfeIt (T) is iron loss.
Specifically, copper loss Pcu(T) such as formula (9), formula (10) and formula (11):
ρcu(T)=ρcu,20℃(1+0.004(T-20)) (11)
Wherein, RphIt (T) is winding resistance, IrmsFor stator current, lwFor conducting wire wire length, SwFor sectional area of wire, ρcu(T)
For copper resistance rate, ρcu,20℃The copper resistance rate for being temperature at 20 DEG C, and ρcu,20℃=17.8 × 10-9Ω。
Iron loss Pfe(T) such as formula (12):
Pfe(T)=Phy+Pcl(T)+Pex(T) (12)
Wherein, PhyFor hysteresis loss, PclIt (T) is classical loss, PexIt (T) is excessive loss.
Each loss is expressed as the function about magnetic flux density B and basic frequency f, obtains the iron loss P such as formula (13)fe
(T):
Wherein,B is that magnetic flux is close, and f is base
This frequency, and f=1/Tp, TpFor an electric period, a, b, c and e are respectively in hysteresis loss, classical loss and excessive loss
Coefficient, by being asked in fit procedure on epstein frame according to the iron loss measured value of magnetic flux density B and basic frequency f
?.
Based on this, shown in AC-battery power source drive system total losses as caused by temperature effect such as formula (14):
Pto=Pbat+Puc+Ps+Pm (14)
The target that temperature effect inhibits is the total losses P for minimizing AC-battery power source drive systemto, since loss can not fold
Add, needs respectively to carry out each component part of system (including battery, supercapacitor, power inverter and driving motor)
Minimum power losses, therefore the present invention is based on tolerant hierarchical sequence optimization methods, pass through each composition of preset system
The significance level ranking of Partial Power loss, which successively minimize to the power loss of each component part, realizes goal of the invention.
Since battery and supercapacitor are energy source, energy arrives driving motor after flowing through power inverter, and stores
Battery energy density is higher than super capacitor energy density, therefore battery power is arranged, P is lostbatTo be minimised as first excellent
Change target, supercapacitor power loss PucBe minimised as the second optimization aim, power inverter power loss PsMinimum
Turn to third optimization aim and driving motor power loss PmBe minimised as the 4th optimization aim, it is specific:
The the first optimization object function f established for battery1Such as formula (15):
First optimization constraint condition is such as formula (16):
Wherein,Electric current I is exported for batterybatMinimum value,Electric current I is exported for batterybatMaximum value.
The the second optimization object function f established for supercapacitor2Such as formula (17):
Second optimization constraint condition such as formula (18):
Wherein,Electric current I is exported for supercapacitorucMinimum value,Electric current I is exported for supercapacitorucMost
Big value,P is lost for battery powerbatMinimum value, ε is tolerant coefficient, and ε > 0.
The third optimization object function f established for power inverter3Such as formula (19):
Third optimizes constraint condition such as formula (20):
Wherein, fs minFor switching tube switching frequency fsMinimum value, fs maxFor switching tube switching frequency fsMaximum value,
For supercapacitor power loss PucMinimum value.
The 4th optimization object function f established for driving motor4Such as formula (21):
f4=min (Pm)=min [Pcu(T)+Pfe(T)] (21)
4th optimization constraint condition such as formula (22):
Wherein,For stator current IrmsMinimum value,For stator current IrmsMaximum value, Ps minFor power conversion
Device power loss PsMinimum value.
In optimization process, firstly, according to the first optimization constraint condition, using differential evolution algorithm to the first optimization aim
Function is solved, and battery power loss P is obtainedbatMinimum valueElectric current I is exported with batterybatOptimal value
And according to the optimal valueTo the output electric current I of batterybatRegulated and controled；Later, it according to the second optimization constraint condition, uses
Differential evolution algorithm solves the second optimization object function, obtains supercapacitor power loss PucMinimum valueWith
Supercapacitor exports electric current IucOptimal valueAnd according to the optimal valueElectric current I is exported to supercapacitorucIt is adjusted
Control；Then, constraint condition is optimized according to third, third optimization object function is solved using differential evolution algorithm, is obtained
Power inverter power loss PsMinimum valueWith switching tube switching frequency fsOptimal value fs *, and according to optimal value fs *
The on-off of control switch pipe；Finally, according to the 4th optimization constraint condition, using differential evolution algorithm to the 4th optimization object function
It is solved, obtains driving motor power loss PmMinimum valueWith stator current IrmsOptimal valueAnd most according to this
The figure of meritTo stator current IrmsRegulated and controled, has arrived AC-battery power source drive system by temperature after optimization process completion
Total losses P caused by effecttoMinimum value:And then realize AC-battery power source drive system temperature
Spend the inhibition of effect.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of suppressing method of electric car AC-battery power source drive system temperature effect, which is characterized in that be applied to electronic vapour
Vehicle AC-battery power source drive system, includes AC-battery power source, power inverter and driving motor in the AC-battery power source drive system,
In, it include battery for providing energy and for providing the supercapacitor of power in AC-battery power source, in power inverter
Including DC/DC converter and DC/AC inverter, and battery is directly connect with DC bus, the supercapacitor series connection DC/
It is connected in parallel after DC converter with battery, driving motor is connect by DC/AC inverter with DC bus；The electric car
The suppressing method of AC-battery power source drive system temperature effect includes:
S10 establishes the temperature model of battery, supercapacitor, power inverter and driving motor respectively, and according to foundation
Temperature model obtains battery, supercapacitor, power inverter and driving motor in electric car operational process and imitates in temperature
Power loss under should acting on；
S20 is based on tolerant hierarchical sequence optimization method, according to preset significance level ranking, is successively directed to battery, surpasses
The power loss of grade capacitor, power inverter and driving motor establishes optimization object function and optimizes constraint condition accordingly；
S30 is successively solved according to the sequence that optimization object function and optimization constraint condition are established, and obtained according to solution
Optimal Parameters gradually optimize operating parameter corresponding in AC-battery power source drive system, realize AC-battery power source drive system temperature
Spend the inhibition of effect.
2. the suppressing method of electric car AC-battery power source drive system temperature effect as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
In step slo,
Battery is equivalent to open-circuit voltage and the concatenated structure of equivalent inner impedance, meets:
Ubat=Uoc-Ibat×Zeq+ΔE(T)
The state-of-charge SOC of battery are as follows:
Battery power loss P as caused by temperature effectbatAre as follows:
Wherein, UbatFor the output voltage of battery, UocFor the open-circuit voltage of battery, IbatFor the output electric current of battery, Zeq
For equivalent inner impedance, Δ E (T) is the temperature correction factor of battery voltage, SOC0For the initial value of storage battery charge state,
L is the cycle of operation of electric car, and T is temperature.
3. the suppressing method of electric car AC-battery power source drive system temperature effect as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
It in step slo, include by first resistor R in supercapacitorfWith first capacitor CfThe first branch for being composed in series, by second
Resistance RmWith the second capacitor CmThe second branch for being composed in series, by 3rd resistor RsWith third capacitor CsThe third being composed in series point
It props up and by ohmic leakage Rleak4th branch of composition, first branch, the second branch, third branch and the 4th branch are mutually simultaneously
Connection, and meet:Cf=1.05C0,Cm=1.05 φ5C0,Cs=1.05 φ3C0,Wherein, C0For the capacity initial value of supercapacitor, ReFor the equivalent of supercapacitor
Series resistance, IleakFor the leakage current of capacity of super capacitor, UucFor the output voltage of supercapacitor；
Supercapacitor power loss P as caused by temperature effectucAre as follows:
Re(T)=Tuc(T)×R0
Tuc(T)=- 4.791 × 10-7×T3+8.54×10-5×T2-5.463×10-3×T+1.105
Wherein, IucFor the output electric current of supercapacitor, Tuc(T) for supercapacitor equivalent series resistance temperature correction because
Son, R0For the initial value of supercapacitor equivalent series resistance, ReIt (T) is the equivalent series resistance of supercapacitor.
4. the suppressing method of electric car AC-battery power source drive system temperature effect as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
It in step slo, include DC/DC converter and DC/AC inverter, DC/DC converter and DC/AC inverter in power inverter
In altogether include 6 switching tubes；
Power inverter power loss P as caused by temperature effectsAre as follows:
Wherein, UdcFor DC bus-bar voltage, QrrFor the reverse recovery charge of the intrinsic diode of switching tube, IrmIt (T) is switching tube
The root-mean-square value of current waveform, IFIt (T) is the forward current rating of intrinsic diode, fsFor the switching frequency of switching tube.
5. the suppressing method of electric car AC-battery power source drive system temperature effect as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
In step slo,
Driving motor power loss P as caused by temperature effectmAre as follows:
Pm=Pcu(T)+Pfe(T)
Wherein, PcuIt (T) is copper loss, PfeIt (T) is iron loss；
Copper loss Pcu(T) are as follows:
ρcu(T)=ρcu,20℃(1+0.004(T-20))
Wherein, RphIt (T) is winding resistance, IrmsFor stator current, lwFor conducting wire wire length, SwFor sectional area of wire, ρcuIt (T) is copper
Resistivity, ρcu,20℃The copper resistance rate for being temperature at 20 DEG C, and ρcu,20℃=17.8 × 10-9Ω；
Iron loss Pfe(T) are as follows:
Pfe(T)=Phy+Pcl(T)+Pex(T)
Wherein, PhyFor hysteresis loss, and Phy=afB2；PclIt (T) is classical loss, and Pcl(T)=b (T) f2B2；Pex(T) it was
Amount loss, andB is that magnetic flux is close, and f is basic frequency, and f=1/Tp, TpFor an electricity week
Phase, a, b, c and e are respectively the coefficient in hysteresis loss, classical loss and excessive loss.
6. the suppressing method of the electric car AC-battery power source drive system temperature effect as described in claim 1-5 any one,
It is characterized in that, in step S20, preset significance level ranking be battery, supercapacitor, power inverter and
Driving motor；
The the first optimization object function f established for battery1Are as follows:
First optimization constraint condition are as follows:
Wherein,Electric current I is exported for batterybatMinimum value,Electric current I is exported for batterybatMaximum value；
The the second optimization object function f established for supercapacitor2Are as follows:
Second optimization constraint condition are as follows:
Wherein,Electric current I is exported for supercapacitorucMinimum value,Electric current I is exported for supercapacitorucMaximum value,P is lost for battery powerbatMinimum value, ε is tolerant coefficient, and ε > 0；
The third optimization object function f established for power inverter3Are as follows:
Third optimizes constraint condition are as follows:
Wherein, fs minFor switching tube switching frequency fsMinimum value, fs maxFor switching tube switching frequency fsMaximum value,It is super
P is lost in grade capacitor powerucMinimum value；
The 4th optimization object function f established for driving motor4Are as follows:
f4=min (Pm)=min [Pcu(T)+Pfe(T)]
4th optimization constraint condition are as follows:
Wherein,For stator current IrmsMinimum value,For stator current IrmsMaximum value, Ps minFor power inverter function
P is lost in ratesMinimum value.
7. the suppressing method of electric car AC-battery power source drive system temperature effect as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that
In step s 30, further comprise:
S31 solves the first optimization object function using differential evolution algorithm, obtains according to the first optimization constraint condition
P is lost in battery powerbatMinimum valueElectric current I is exported with batterybatOptimal valueAnd according to the optimal value
To the output electric current I of batterybatRegulated and controled；
S32 solves the second optimization object function using differential evolution algorithm, obtains according to the second optimization constraint condition
Supercapacitor power loss PucMinimum valueElectric current I is exported with supercapacitorucOptimal valueAnd most according to this
The figure of meritElectric current I is exported to supercapacitorucRegulated and controled；
S33 optimizes constraint condition according to third, is solved, is obtained to third optimization object function using differential evolution algorithm
Power inverter power loss PsMinimum value Ps minWith switching tube switching frequency fsOptimal value fs *, and according to optimal value fs *
The on-off of control switch pipe；
S34 solves the 4th optimization object function using differential evolution algorithm, obtains according to the 4th optimization constraint condition
Driving motor power loss PmMinimum valueWith stator current IrmsOptimal valueAnd according to the optimal valueTo stator
Electric current IrmsRegulated and controled, realizes the inhibition of AC-battery power source drive system temperature effect.
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