CN109888827B - Photovoltaic grid-connected inverter power limiting method and device, controller and inverter - Google Patents
Photovoltaic grid-connected inverter power limiting method and device, controller and inverter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a power limiting method and device for a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, a controller and an inverter, wherein when the power limiting value is larger, the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is controlled so as to enable the output power to meet the power limiting requirement; and when the power limit value is small, controlling the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter to control the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter. When the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is small, the voltage and current characteristics of the direct current side are stable, and the acquisition and control errors are small, so that when the power limit value is small, the control precision of power limitation can be improved by adopting a mode of controlling the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and particularly relates to a power limiting method and device for a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, a controller and an inverter.
Background
The photovoltaic grid-connected inverter can convert direct current generated by the photovoltaic solar panel into alternating current with the same frequency and phase as commercial power and send the alternating current into a power grid, and is one of important devices connected between a photovoltaic power generation system and the power grid.
The scheduling operation of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter means that the inverter receives a power limiting instruction sent by a power grid in the grid-connected operation, and the output power of the inverter is adjusted according to the power limiting instruction, so that the requirement of the power grid on the output power of the inverter is met. From the output result of the inverter, the scheduled operation can be divided into a power mode and a zero power mode. The power mode limits a portion of the power output of the inverter based on requirements such as grid budget. The zero power mode requires that the output power of the inverter is zero, or, in some applications, the electric energy generated by the inverter requires load consumption local to the inverter and is not allowed to be transmitted to the grid, that is, the zero power mode does not allow electric energy to be transmitted to the grid.
The conventional power limiting method generally limits power output by controlling the power of the alternating current side of the inverter, so as to meet an external scheduling command. However, if the power limit value is small (i.e., the inverter is caused to output a small amount of power), the inverter output power is affected by deterioration of the inverter output current characteristics, and it is difficult to achieve the required limit accuracy. For a photovoltaic power station with a large capacity, the error accumulated by a plurality of inverters is larger.
In addition, in the zero-power mode, the inverter needs to be disconnected from the power grid, and after the zero-power mode is released, the inverter is reconnected with the power grid, so that on one hand, the service life of the switching equipment between the inverter and the power grid is directly influenced by frequent disconnection and connection; on the other hand, reconnection delay exists in the process of reconnection of the inverter with the power grid, and the inverter cannot respond to power output after zero power removal in time, so that the power generation efficiency is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a method, an apparatus, a controller and an inverter for limiting a power of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, so as to solve the technical problems of large error and low limiting precision of the conventional power limiting method when a power limiting value is small, and a specific technical scheme thereof is as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a method for limiting power of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, which includes:
receiving a power limitation scheduling instruction, and calculating to obtain a target output power value according to the power limitation scheduling instruction;
comparing the target output power value with an output power threshold;
if the target output power value is larger than or equal to the output power threshold value, controlling the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter so that the output power reaches the target output power value;
and if the target output power value is smaller than the output power threshold value, controlling the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter so as to enable the output power to reach the target output power value.
Optionally, the controlling the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter so that the output power reaches the target output power value includes:
calculating to obtain a target current value according to the target output power value and the obtained alternating voltage of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter;
and controlling the output current of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter to reach the target current value so as to enable the output power to reach the target output power value.
Optionally, if the target output power value is smaller than the output power threshold, controlling the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter so that the output power reaches the target output power value includes:
if the target output power is larger than zero and smaller than the output power threshold, converting the target output power value into a target input power value of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter;
acquiring the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter;
and adjusting the direct-current voltage of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter so as to enable the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter to reach the target input power value.
Optionally, the adjusting the dc voltage of the pv grid-connected inverter to make the input power of the pv grid-connected inverter reach the target input power value includes:
and repeatedly adjusting the current direct current voltage of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter according to a first voltage adjustment step length until the input power calculated according to the adjusted direct current voltage and the collected direct current of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter reaches the target input power value, wherein the first voltage adjustment step length is larger than zero.
Optionally, the target output power value is equal to zero;
if the target output power value is smaller than the output power threshold, controlling the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter so that the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter reaches the target output power value, including:
if the target output power is equal to zero, repeatedly adjusting the current direct current voltage of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter according to a second voltage adjustment step length until the adjusted direct current voltage is larger than the sum of the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and a preset voltage value, wherein the preset voltage value is larger than the second voltage adjustment step length, and the second voltage adjustment step length is larger than zero.
Optionally, after receiving the power limitation scheduling instruction and calculating the target output power value according to the power limitation scheduling instruction, the method further includes:
acquiring the current output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter;
comparing the current output power with the target output power value;
if the current output power is smaller than the target output power value, ending the current power limiting process;
and if the current output power is larger than or equal to the target output power value, executing the step of comparing the target output power value with an output power threshold value.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a device for limiting a power of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, including:
the scheduling instruction receiving module is used for receiving a power limitation scheduling instruction and calculating a target output power value according to the power limitation scheduling instruction;
the comparison module is used for comparing the target output power value with an output power threshold value;
the first control module is used for controlling the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter if the target output power value is greater than or equal to the output power threshold value, so that the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter reaches the target output power value;
and the second control module is used for controlling the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter if the target output power value is smaller than the output power threshold value, so that the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter reaches the target output power value.
Optionally, the first control module includes:
the target current obtaining submodule is used for calculating to obtain a target current value according to the target output power value and the obtained alternating voltage of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter;
and the output current control submodule is used for controlling the output current of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter to reach the target current value so as to enable the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter to reach the target output power value.
In a third aspect, the present invention further provides a controller for a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, including: the device comprises an input interface, a processing unit and an output interface;
the input interface is used for receiving a power limitation scheduling instruction and providing the power limitation scheduling instruction to the processing unit;
the processing unit is used for calculating a target output power value according to the power limit scheduling instruction; comparing the target output power value with an output power threshold, if the target output power value is greater than or equal to the output power threshold, generating a first control signal for controlling the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, and if the target output power value is less than the output power threshold, generating a second control signal for controlling the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter;
the output interface is used for outputting the first control signal when receiving the first control signal generated by the processing unit so as to enable the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter to reach the target output power value; and when the second control signal generated by the processing unit is received, outputting the second control signal so as to enable the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter to reach the target output power value.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention further provides a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, including: the controller and the inversion module;
the controller is used for receiving a power limitation scheduling instruction and calculating a target output power value according to the power limitation scheduling instruction; comparing the target output power value with an output power threshold; if the target output power value is greater than or equal to the output power threshold value, controlling the output power of the inverter module so that the output power of the inverter module reaches the target output power value; and if the target output power value is smaller than the output power threshold value, controlling the input power of the inverter module so as to enable the output power of the inverter module to reach the target output power value.
According to the power limiting method of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, after the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter receives a power limiting scheduling instruction provided by a power grid, a target output power value is obtained through calculation according to the power limiting scheduling instruction, and if the target output power value is larger than an output power threshold value, the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is controlled to reach the target output power value. And if the target output power value is less than or equal to the output power threshold value, controlling the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter so that the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter reaches the target output power value. According to the method, when the power limit value is small, the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is controlled by controlling the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter. When the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is small, the voltage and current characteristics of the direct current side of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter are stable, and the acquisition and control errors are small, so that when the power limit value is small, the control accuracy of power limit can be improved by adopting a mode of controlling input power.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a power control system of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for limiting power of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of current control during scheduling operation of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of an input power control process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the P-V characteristic of a photovoltaic cell;
fig. 6 is a voltage control schematic diagram of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter during scheduling operation in a non-zero power limitation scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a voltage control schematic diagram of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter during scheduling operation in a zero-power-limited scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a flowchart of another method for limiting the power of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a power limiting device of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a first control module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a second control module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a controller according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of a power control system of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, where the control system includes two power control paths, i.e., an input power control path and an output power control path.
The input power control path includes: a dc voltage sampling unit 100, a dc current sampling unit 200, a dc power calculating unit 300, and a dc voltage control unit 400. The path adjusts the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter by adjusting the direct-current voltage of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, and then adjusts the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter.
The dc voltage sampling unit 100 collects a voltage signal at the dc side of the inverter, and for example, a voltage sensor may be used. The dc current sampling unit 200 collects a current signal on the dc side of the pv grid-connected inverter, for example, a current sensor may be used. The dc power calculating unit 300 is configured to calculate an input power of the inverter according to the dc voltage signal collected by the dc voltage sampling unit 100 and the dc current signal collected by the dc current sampling unit 200. The dc voltage control unit 400 is configured to control an input voltage of the inverter and further control an output power of the inverter so that the output power reaches a target output power value.
The output power control path includes: an ac voltage sampling unit 500, an ac current sampling unit 600, an ac power calculation unit 700, and an ac current control unit 800. The path adjusts the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter by adjusting the alternating current of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter.
The ac voltage sampling unit 500 collects a voltage signal at the ac side of the inverter, and for example, a voltage sensor may be used. The ac current sampling unit 600 collects a current signal on the ac side of the inverter, and for example, a current transformer may be used. The ac power calculating unit 700 is configured to calculate an output power of the inverter according to the ac voltage signal collected by the ac voltage sampling unit and the ac current collected by the ac current sampling unit. The ac current control unit 800 is used to control the output current of the inverter and thus the output power of the inverter so that the output power reaches the target output power value.
The power scheduling unit 1200 is configured to send a power limitation scheduling command to the control unit 900 of the inverter. The control unit 900 obtains a target output power value according to the power limitation scheduling instruction and determines which control path to select according to the target output power value and the output power threshold.
Specifically, when the target output power value is smaller than the output power threshold, the input power control path is selected; an output power control path is selected when the target output power value is greater than or equal to the output power threshold.
The control signals output by the two control paths are provided to the PWM control unit 1000, and the PWM control unit 1000 outputs a PWM signal with a corresponding duty ratio according to the received control signals and provides the PWM signal to the inverter unit 1100, so that the output power of the inverter unit 1100 reaches a target output power value.
In the power control system of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter shown in fig. 1, the dc power calculation unit, the dc voltage control unit, the ac power calculation unit, the ac current control unit, and the PWM control unit may be integrated in the control unit, or may be a device independent of the control unit; the direct current voltage sampling unit, the direct current sampling unit, the alternating current voltage sampling unit and the alternating current sampling unit can be integrated in the inversion unit, or can be external sampling equipment independent of the inversion unit.
Referring to fig. 2, a flowchart of a method for limiting power of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, where the method is applied to the control system shown in fig. 1. As shown in fig. 2, the method comprises the steps of:
s110, receiving a power limitation scheduling instruction, and calculating to obtain a target output power value according to the power limitation scheduling instruction.
The photovoltaic grid-connected inverter receives a power limitation scheduling instruction sent by the power scheduling unit, and calculates a target output power value Pac _ target according to the power limitation scheduling instruction, wherein Pac _ target is a power value which is required by a power grid and is finally output by the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter.
When the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter inputs electric energy to a power grid, the power grid sends a power limitation scheduling instruction to the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter in real time according to the absorption capacity, generally, the power limitation scheduling instruction is the percentage of the nominal maximum output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, and the Pac _ target is calculated according to the nominal maximum output power multiplied by the power limitation percentage in the power limitation scheduling instruction. For example, the nominal maximum output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is 100kW, and if the power limitation percentage in the power limitation scheduling command is 1%, Pac _ target is 100kW × 1% — 1 kW.
S120, comparing the target output power value with an output power threshold value; if the target output power value is greater than or equal to the output power threshold, performing S130; if the target output power value is less than the output power threshold, S140 is performed.
The output power threshold P _ th is a criterion for selecting the input power limitation strategy or the output power limitation strategy, and usually P _ th selects a numerical value of a low-power operation interval of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, for example, 5% to 10% of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter.
And S130, controlling the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter so that the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter reaches a target output power value.
If Pac _ target ≧ P _ th, the output power limiting strategy is selected.
In one possible implementation, the specific limiting procedure of the output power limiting strategy is: calculating to obtain a target current value Iac _ ref according to the target output power value Pac _ target and the obtained alternating voltage Vac of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter; then, the output current Iac of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is controlled to reach Iac _ ref, so that the output power Pac of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter reaches the target output power value.
Referring to fig. 3, a schematic diagram of current control when the pv grid-connected inverter is scheduled to operate is shown, as shown in fig. 3, Iac _ ref is obtained by calculating Pac _ target and Vac, then, the ac controller generates a control signal for making Iac of the pv grid-connected inverter reach Iac _ ref by using Iac _ ref as a reference value, and provides the control signal to the PWM controller, and the PWM controller outputs a corresponding PWM signal according to the control signal, so that the output current Iac of the pv grid-connected inverter is finally made equal to Iac _ ref. The Iac is acquired by an alternating current sampling unit; vac is acquired by an alternating voltage sampling unit.
And S140, controlling the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter so that the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter reaches a target output power value.
If Pac _ target < P _ th, the input power limiting strategy is selected.
In an application scenario of the present invention, Pac _ target > 0, that is, the power limitation scheduling command is a non-zero scheduling command, and in such an application scenario, as shown in fig. 4, the control process of the input power is as follows:
and S141, converting the target output power value into a target input power value of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter.
The photovoltaic grid-connected inverter has certain power loss, so that the input power is the output power plus the power loss of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter.
According to the relation between the input power and the output power, the target input power value Pdc _ target is Pac _ target + P _ loss, and P _ loss is the power loss of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, and the value can be obtained by calculating the nameplate parameter of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter.
And S142, acquiring the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter.
The method comprises the steps that a direct current voltage sampling unit collects direct current voltage Vdc of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, and a direct current sampling unit obtains direct current Idc of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter; and the direct-current power calculation unit calculates the input power Pdc of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter according to the Vdc and the Idc.
And S143, adjusting the direct-current voltage of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter so that the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter reaches a target input power value.
And adjusting the direct-current voltage Vdc of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter through the direct-current voltage control unit so as to enable Pdc to gradually approach Pdc _ target.
In a possible implementation manner of the present invention, the adjustment process of S143 is as follows:
repeatedly adjusting the current direct current voltage Vdc of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter according to a first voltage adjustment step size delta V1 until the input power Pdc obtained by calculation according to the adjusted direct current voltage and the direct current Idc of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter reaches a target input power value Pdc _ target, wherein the first voltage adjustment step size is larger than zero.
Referring to the P-V characteristic curve of the photovoltaic cell shown in fig. 5, the abscissa represents voltage and the ordinate represents power, and the curve represents the variation of the power of the photovoltaic cell with voltage. The photovoltaic cell is connected with the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, so the input power and the input voltage of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter also conform to the characteristics of the curve.
According to the P-V characteristic curve shown in fig. 5, the dc voltage Vdc of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is adjusted to Vdc _ ref ±. Δ V1, and the input power Pdc is calculated according to the adjusted dc voltage and the current dc current; and gradually adjusting Pdc to make Pdc continuously approach to Pdc _ target until Pdc is equal to Pdc _ target or the absolute value of the difference between Pdc and Pdc _ target is smaller than a preset value.
The value of Vdc _ ref is the current direct-current voltage Vdc of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, that is, the direct-current voltage Vdc is adjusted to +/- Δ V1 every time adjustment is performed. Wherein- Δ V1 indicates that Vdc is decreased by Δ V1 based on the current value; +. Δ V1 shows that Vdc is increased by Δ V1 based on current values.
As shown in fig. 6, which shows a voltage control schematic diagram when the pv grid-connected inverter is scheduled to operate, the voltage controller continuously adjusts the dc voltage according to Vdc _ ref ═ Vdc ±. Δ V1, and generates a control signal to transmit to the PWM controller; the PWM controller generates a corresponding PWM signal according to the received control signal and transmits the PWM signal to the inversion unit so that Pdc of the inversion unit reaches Pdc _ target.
The first adjustment step Δ V1 can be set according to the open-circuit voltage Voc of the photovoltaic cell, for example, when Voc is 500V-1000V or 500V-1500V, the corresponding Voc is 1-5V. The larger the first adjustment step size is, the faster the adjustment process to reach the target input power is, but there will be power fluctuations; the smaller the first adjustment step size, the slower the adjustment process to reach the target input power, but the more stable the power.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Δ V1 may be set to a larger value, e.g., 5V or 4V, etc., during the initial period, and Δ V1 may be set to a smaller value, e.g., 1V or 2V, etc., when the input power reaches a certain threshold.
In another application scenario of the present invention, Pac _ target is 0, that is, the power limitation scheduling instruction is a zero scheduling instruction, and in this application scenario, the specific implementation process of S140 is as follows:
and repeatedly adjusting the current direct-current voltage Vdc of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter according to a second voltage adjustment step length delta V2, namely enabling the Vdc to be Vdc plus delta V2 until the adjusted Vdc meets Vdc > Voc plus delta V3, wherein delta V3 is a preset voltage value, and delta V3 is greater than delta V2.
As shown in fig. 5, the P-V characteristic curve of the photovoltaic cell exhibits a parabolic characteristic, and when the voltage is greater than the open-circuit voltage Voc, the power of the photovoltaic cell is very small and substantially 0; according to the characteristic, when the input voltage of the photovoltaic battery is adjusted to be larger than Voc, the corresponding power is very small and is close to 0, only the power loss of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter can be maintained, and at the moment, the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter does not generate output power, so that zero power limitation is realized.
As shown in fig. 7, which shows a voltage control schematic diagram when the pv grid-connected inverter is scheduled to operate, the voltage controller continuously adjusts the dc voltage Vdc according to Vdc _ ref ═ Vdc ±. Δ V1, and generates a control signal to transmit to the PWM controller; the PWM controller generates a corresponding PWM signal according to the received control signal and transmits the PWM signal to the inversion unit, so that Vdc of the inversion unit meets Vdc _ ref > Voc +. DELTA.V 3.
According to the process, the whole zero-power limiting process is realized by adjusting the input voltage of the inverter, and the connection between the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and the power grid is not disconnected, so that the output power is zero under the condition that the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is not disconnected, and the service life of a switching device connected with the power grid in the system is prolonged. And moreover, the problem of reconnection delay in the disconnection and reconnection of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is avoided.
The determination method of the second voltage adjustment step Δ V2 is the same as the determination method of the first voltage adjustment step Δ V1, and therefore, the determination method of Δ V2 and Δ V1 may be the same or different.
According to the power limiting method of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, after the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter receives a power limiting scheduling instruction provided by a power grid, a target output power value is obtained through calculation according to the power limiting scheduling instruction, and if the target output power value is larger than an output power threshold value, the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is controlled to reach the target output power value. And if the target output power value is less than or equal to the output power threshold value, controlling the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter so that the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter reaches the target output power value. According to the method, when the power limit value is small, the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is controlled by limiting the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter. When the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is small, the voltage and current characteristics of the direct current side are stable, and the acquisition and control errors are small, so that the control precision of power limitation can be improved by adopting a mode of controlling the input power when the power limitation value is small.
Referring to fig. 8, a flowchart of another method for limiting power of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, where the method further includes the following steps based on the embodiment shown in fig. 2:
and S210, acquiring the current output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter.
The alternating current sampling unit is used for obtaining the alternating voltage Vac of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, and the alternating current sampling unit is used for obtaining the alternating current Iac of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter. Then, the alternating current power calculation unit calculates the current output power Pac according to Vac and Iac.
S220, comparing the current output power with the target output power value; if the current output power is smaller than or equal to the target output power value, ending the current power limiting process; otherwise, S120 is performed.
If the Pac is less than or equal to Pac _ target, it is indicated that the power currently output by the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter meets the requirement of power grid limitation, and therefore the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter does not need to be further limited, and at this time, the power limitation process is exited.
If Pac > Pac _ target, it indicates that the power currently output by the pv grid-connected inverter is greater than the output power to be limited by the grid, and therefore, the output power of the pv grid-connected inverter needs to be further limited to the target output power by the above-mentioned pv grid-connected inverter power limiting method.
In addition, after a power limitation recovery instruction is received, the power limitation process is exited, and the power limitation recovery instruction is used for indicating that the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter does not perform output power limitation any more.
According to the power limiting method for the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, when the current output power is detected to be smaller than the target output power, the power limiting process is automatically exited. After the power limiting process is exited, the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter tries to increase the output power, and under the condition that the output power of the photovoltaic battery and the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter are enough, the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter reaches the target output power as far as possible, so that the requirement of a power grid side on electric energy is met.
On the other hand, the invention also provides an embodiment of a power limiting device of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, which corresponds to the embodiment of the power limiting method of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter.
Referring to fig. 9, a schematic structural diagram of a power limiting apparatus for a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, where the apparatus includes a scheduling instruction receiving module 110, a comparing module 120, a first control module 130, and a second control module 140.
The scheduling instruction receiving module 110 is configured to receive a power limitation scheduling instruction, and calculate a target output power value according to the power limitation scheduling instruction.
A comparing module 120, configured to compare the target output power value with an output power threshold.
The first control module 130 is configured to control the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter if the target output power value is greater than or equal to the output power threshold value, so that the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter reaches the target output power value.
The first control module 130 controls the output power by controlling the alternating current; in one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 10, the first control module 130 includes: a target current acquisition sub-module 131 and an output current control sub-module 132.
And the target current obtaining submodule 131 is configured to calculate a target current value according to the target output power value and the obtained alternating voltage of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter.
And the output current control submodule 132 is configured to control the output current of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter to reach a target current value, so that the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter reaches a target output power value.
The second control module 140 is configured to control the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter if the target output power value is smaller than the output power threshold, so that the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter reaches the target output power value.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the target output power value is greater than zero but less than the output power threshold, and in this application scenario, as shown in fig. 11, the second control module 140 may include a target power conversion sub-module 141, an input power obtaining sub-module 142, and a dc voltage control sub-module 143.
And the target power conversion submodule 141 is configured to convert the target output power value into a target input power value of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter.
And the input power obtaining submodule 142 is used for obtaining the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter.
And the direct-current voltage control sub-module 143 is configured to adjust a direct-current voltage of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, so that the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter reaches the target input power value.
The function of the dc current control sub-module 143 is the same as that of the dc voltage control unit in fig. 1. Specifically, the dc voltage control sub-module 143 is specifically configured to repeatedly adjust the current dc voltage of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter according to the first voltage adjustment step size until the input power calculated according to the adjusted dc voltage and the collected dc current of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter reaches the target input power value. Wherein the first voltage adjustment step is greater than zero.
In another application scenario, the target output power is equal to zero, and the second control module 140 is specifically configured to: and repeatedly adjusting the current direct current voltage of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter according to the second voltage adjustment step length until the adjusted direct current voltage is larger than the sum of the open-circuit voltage and the preset voltage value of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, wherein the preset voltage value is larger than the second voltage adjustment step length, and the second voltage adjustment step length is larger than zero.
In addition, after receiving the power limitation scheduling instruction and calculating a target output power value according to the power limitation scheduling instruction, comparing the current output power with the target output power value, and if the current output power is smaller than the target output power value, ending the current power limitation process; and if the current output power is greater than or equal to the target output power value, the comparison module is triggered to compare the target output power value with the output power threshold value.
According to the power limiting device of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, when the power limiting value is large, the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is controlled, so that the output power meets the power limiting requirement; when the power limit value is small, the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is controlled by controlling the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter. When the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is small, the voltage and current characteristics of the direct current side are stable, and the acquisition and control errors are small, so that the control precision of power limitation can be improved by adopting a mode of controlling the input power when the power limitation value is small.
In another aspect, the present invention further provides a controller of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, referring to fig. 12, the controller includes an input interface 210, a processing unit 220, and an output interface 230.
The input interface 210 is configured to receive a power limitation scheduling instruction and provide the power limitation scheduling instruction to the processing unit 220.
The processing unit 220 is configured to calculate a target output power value according to the power limitation scheduling instruction; comparing the target output power value with an output power threshold, and if the target output power value is greater than or equal to the output power threshold, generating a first control signal for controlling the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter; and if the target output power value is smaller than the output power threshold, generating a second control signal for controlling the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter.
The output interface 230 is configured to, when receiving the first control signal generated by the processing unit 220, output the first control signal so that the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter reaches a target output power value; when receiving the second control signal generated by the processing unit 220, the second control signal is output so that the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter reaches the target output power value.
The controller of the grid-connected inverter provided by the embodiment controls the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter when the power limit value is large, so that the output power meets the power limit requirement; and when the power limit value is small, controlling the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter by limiting the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter. When the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is small, the voltage and current characteristics of the direct current side are stable, and the acquisition and control errors are small, so that the control precision of power limitation can be improved by adopting a mode of controlling the input power when the power limitation value is small.
In still another aspect, the present invention further provides a pv grid-connected inverter, referring to fig. 13, including a controller 310 and an inverter module 320;
the controller 310 is configured to receive a power limitation scheduling instruction, and calculate a target output power value according to the power limitation scheduling instruction; comparing the target output power value with an output power threshold; if the target output power value is greater than or equal to the output power threshold value, controlling the output power of the inverter module so as to enable the output power of the inverter module to reach the target output power value; if the target output power value is smaller than the output power threshold, the input power of the inverter module 320 is controlled so that the output power of the inverter module 320 reaches the target output power value.
When the power limit value is large, the controller of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter controls the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter so that the output power meets the power limit requirement; when the power limit value is small, the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is controlled by controlling the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter. When the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is small, the voltage and current characteristics of the direct current side are stable, and the acquisition and control errors are small, so that the control precision of power limitation can be improved by adopting a mode of controlling the input power when the power limitation value is small.
While, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the foregoing method embodiments have been described as a series of acts or combination of acts, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the illustrated ordering of acts, as some steps may occur in other orders or concurrently with other steps in accordance with the invention. Further, those skilled in the art should also appreciate that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments and that the acts and modules referred to are not necessarily required by the invention.
It should be noted that, in the present specification, the embodiments are all described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other. For the device-like embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
The steps in the method of the embodiments of the present application may be sequentially adjusted, combined, and deleted according to actual needs.
The device and the modules and sub-modules in the terminal in the embodiments of the present application can be combined, divided and deleted according to actual needs.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed terminal, apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the above-described terminal embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of a module or a sub-module is only one logical division, and there may be other divisions when the terminal is actually implemented, for example, a plurality of sub-modules or modules may be combined or integrated into another module, or some features may be omitted or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or modules, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
The modules or sub-modules described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts that are modules or sub-modules may or may not be physical modules or sub-modules, may be located in one place, or may be distributed over a plurality of network modules or sub-modules. Some or all of the modules or sub-modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment.
In addition, each functional module or sub-module in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing module, or each module or sub-module may exist alone physically, or two or more modules or sub-modules may be integrated into one module. The integrated modules or sub-modules may be implemented in the form of hardware, or may be implemented in the form of software functional modules or sub-modules.
Finally, it should also be noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A power limiting method for a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
receiving a power limitation scheduling instruction, and calculating to obtain a target output power value according to the power limitation scheduling instruction;
comparing the target output power value with an output power threshold; the output power threshold value is obtained according to the numerical value of the low-power section operation interval of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter;
if the target output power value is larger than or equal to the output power threshold value, controlling the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter so that the output power reaches the target output power value;
and if the target output power value is smaller than the output power threshold value, controlling the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter so as to enable the output power to reach the target output power value.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein if the target output power value is greater than or equal to the output power threshold value, controlling the output power of the pv grid-connected inverter so that the output power reaches the target output power value comprises:
calculating to obtain a target current value according to the target output power value and the obtained alternating voltage of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter;
and controlling the output current of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter to reach the target current value so as to enable the output power to reach the target output power value.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein if the target output power value is smaller than the output power threshold value, controlling the input power of the pv grid-connected inverter so that the output power reaches the target output power value comprises:
if the target output power is larger than zero and smaller than the output power threshold, converting the target output power value into a target input power value of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter;
acquiring the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter;
and adjusting the direct-current voltage of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter so as to enable the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter to reach the target input power value.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the adjusting the DC voltage of the PV grid-connected inverter to bring the input power of the PV grid-connected inverter to the target input power value comprises:
and repeatedly adjusting the current direct current voltage of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter according to a first voltage adjustment step length until the input power calculated according to the adjusted direct current voltage and the collected direct current of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter reaches the target input power value, wherein the first voltage adjustment step length is larger than zero.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the target output power value is equal to zero;
if the target output power value is smaller than the output power threshold, controlling the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter so that the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter reaches the target output power value, including:
if the target output power is equal to zero, repeatedly adjusting the current direct current voltage of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter according to a second voltage adjustment step length until the adjusted direct current voltage is larger than the sum of the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and a preset voltage value, wherein the preset voltage value is larger than the second voltage adjustment step length, and the second voltage adjustment step length is larger than zero.
6. The method according to any of claims 1-5, wherein after receiving a power-limited scheduling command and calculating a target output power value according to the power-limited scheduling command, the method further comprises:
acquiring the current output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter;
comparing the current output power with the target output power value;
if the current output power is smaller than the target output power value, ending the current power limiting process;
and if the current output power is larger than or equal to the target output power value, executing the step of comparing the target output power value with an output power threshold value.
7. A photovoltaic grid-connected inverter power limiting device is characterized by comprising:
the scheduling instruction receiving module is used for receiving a power limitation scheduling instruction and calculating a target output power value according to the power limitation scheduling instruction;
the comparison module is used for comparing the target output power value with an output power threshold value; the output power threshold value is obtained according to the numerical value of the low-power section operation interval of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter;
the first control module is used for controlling the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter if the target output power value is greater than or equal to the output power threshold value, so that the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter reaches the target output power value;
and the second control module is used for controlling the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter if the target output power value is smaller than the output power threshold value, so that the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter reaches the target output power value.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first control module comprises:
the target current obtaining submodule is used for calculating to obtain a target current value according to the target output power value and the obtained alternating voltage of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter;
and the output current control submodule is used for controlling the output current of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter to reach the target current value so as to enable the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter to reach the target output power value.
9. A controller for a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, comprising: the device comprises an input interface, a processing unit and an output interface;
the input interface is used for receiving a power limitation scheduling instruction and providing the power limitation scheduling instruction to the processing unit;
the processing unit is used for calculating a target output power value according to the power limit scheduling instruction; comparing the target output power value with an output power threshold, if the target output power value is greater than or equal to the output power threshold, generating a first control signal for controlling the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, and if the target output power value is less than the output power threshold, generating a second control signal for controlling the input power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter; the output power threshold value is obtained according to the numerical value of the low-power section operation interval of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter;
the output interface is used for outputting the first control signal when receiving the first control signal generated by the processing unit so as to enable the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter to reach the target output power value; and when the second control signal generated by the processing unit is received, outputting the second control signal so as to enable the output power of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter to reach the target output power value.
10. A photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, comprising: the controller and the inversion module;
the controller is used for receiving a power limitation scheduling instruction and calculating a target output power value according to the power limitation scheduling instruction; comparing the target output power value with an output power threshold; if the target output power value is greater than or equal to the output power threshold value, controlling the output power of the inverter module so that the output power of the inverter module reaches the target output power value; if the target output power value is smaller than the output power threshold value, controlling the input power of the inverter module so as to enable the output power of the inverter module to reach the target output power value; and the output power threshold is obtained according to the numerical value of the low-power section operation interval of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter.
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| CN113258609B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2024-04-12 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Grid-connected power control method and application system thereof |
| CN114413447B (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2023-05-02 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Unit control method and device and photovoltaic multi-split air conditioning system |
| CN114726003B (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-08-23 | 北京东润环能科技股份有限公司 | Power scheduling method and device for photovoltaic system, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN117155103B (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2024-05-07 | 浙江艾罗网络能源技术股份有限公司 | Inverter power control method and related equipment thereof |
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