CN109888503A - A kind of gain material with negative refractive index based on tunnel diode - Google Patents
A kind of gain material with negative refractive index based on tunnel diode Download PDFInfo
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- CN109888503A CN109888503A CN201910164034.7A CN201910164034A CN109888503A CN 109888503 A CN109888503 A CN 109888503A CN 201910164034 A CN201910164034 A CN 201910164034A CN 109888503 A CN109888503 A CN 109888503A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of gain material with negative refractive index based on tunnel diode.Including metal structure, tunnel diode and dielectric base plate, metal structure includes electric resonance unit and magnetic resonance unit, and electric resonance unit is sub-wavelength metal copper post, is layed in dielectric base plate back side middle position；Magnetic resonance unit is square aperture resonant ring, is laid in dielectric base plate front, is provided with gap at inner ring coboundary middle position, that is, inner ring opening direction relative position, is welded with tunnel diode between gap.The present invention is the artificial media unit of single layer for combining sub-wavelength electric resonance and magnetic resonance dipole structure, from the inherent causality of electromagnetic wave energy conservation, system research introduces microwave negative resistance device in traditional artificial media unit, the method for obtaining regulating and controlling simultaneously the artificial microwave gain medium of its equivalent constitutive parameter real and imaginary parts, and obtained while having had the artificial microwave medium of gain and negative index.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to microwave gain medium research fields, and in particular to a kind of gain negative refraction based on tunnel diode
Rate material.
Background technique
Artificial electromagnetic medium such as sub-wavelength imaging and stealthy cape, causes people due to its preternatural electromagnetic property
Great interest.It is answered although artificial electromagnetic medium can be used for the novelties such as negative refraction, perfect imaging, electromagnetism stealth in principle
With, but its intrinsic dispersion loss and its intrinsic resonance characteristics, prevent above-mentioned application is from obtaining effective Project Realization.
In order to overcome this obstacle, researcher conducts extensive research the artificial medium of gain compensation.Wherein,
A possibility that M.I.Stockma et al. is based on causal law, and theory analysis realizes gain artificial medium using active approach, and it is right
It can realize that complete loss balancing and overcompensation indicate pessimistic.Then, researcher points out, traditional Kramers-Kronig
Relationship can not directly be applicable in active medium, and active medium dispersion can theoretically meet causal law.Thereafter theory
And experimental study confirms the realizability of the artificial medium of gain.
In recent years, the theoretic comprehension of loss balancing artificial electromagnetic medium and the progress of physics realization are expected to overcome this barrier
Hinder, from microwave to optical range.In optics, basic skills is that gain media is included in nano plasma structure, to realize
Lossless or gain suppression optical metamaterial, is based primarily upon doped crystal, semiconductor, dyestuff and gas.
In optical field, S.Xiao et al. introduces optical gain medium (Gain in optics Fish-net unit
Medium), loss-free negative refractive index material is realized on single frequency point.Equally there is simulation result to show to utilize additional increasing
The optics negative refractive index material with gain also may be implemented in the method for beneficial medium.In microwave regime, Y.Yuan et al. by
Amplifier is introduced in artificial resonant element, the real and imaginary parts for realizing equivalent permeability are the artificial medium of negative value.2011
Year, T.Jiang et al. introduces tunnel diode (Tunnel diode) in microstrip transmission line structure, realize with gain with
The composite right/left-handed transmission line of minus phase transmission.But so far, there has been no combine optical gain medium and negative index people
The report of the microwave frequency band active medium of work media characteristic.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as background technique, the present invention provides a kind of negative foldings of gain based on tunnel diode
Rate material is penetrated, design, production and experiment measure embedded TD261 tunnel diode while negative index and gain characteristic are presented
Artificial microwave medium sample.The present invention is from the inherent causality of electromagnetic wave energy conservation, and system research is in traditional people
Microwave negative resistance device is introduced in work media unit, obtains that the artificial micro- of its equivalent constitutive parameter real and imaginary parts can be regulated and controled simultaneously
The method of wave gain medium, experiment have obtained while having had the artificial microwave medium of gain and negative index.
The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
The basic unit of gain material with negative refractive index of the present invention includes metal structure, tunnel diode and dielectric base
Plate, dielectric base plate are rectangular parallelepiped structure, and metal structure includes electric resonance unit and magnetic resonance unit, and electric resonance unit is sub- wave
Long metal copper post, is layed in dielectric base plate back side middle position, above and below the upper and lower port and dielectric base plate of electric resonance unit
Boundary is concordant；Magnetic resonance unit is square aperture resonant ring SRR, is laid in dielectric base plate front, split ring resonator is concentric
Internal and external double-circular structure, inner ring lower boundary, outer ring coboundary middle position be equipped with opening；Inner ring coboundary middle position is i.e. interior
It is provided with gap at ring opening direction relative position, is welded with tunnel diode between gap.
The dielectric base plate is Rogers medium substrate.
The tunnel diode is TD261 series tunnel diode.
The basic unit is excited by electric and magnetic fields in electromagnetic wave incident and generates electric resonance and magnetic resonance.
The resonance frequency passes through the relief width between change split ring resonator inner ring, outer ring width and inner ring and outer ring
Degree is adjusted.
The direction of the electric resonance unit is identical as the E field polarization direction of incident electromagnetic wave when work.
The magnetic field polarization direction of incident electromagnetic wave is mutually perpendicular to when the direction of the magnetic resonance unit and work.
The basic unit is in three dimensions along the vertical direction or horizontal direction close-packed arrays are at structure of different shapes.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1) present invention is the artificial media unit of single layer for combining sub-wavelength electric resonance and magnetic resonance structure；It is easy to process,
By designing single layer structure, each unit only needs to weld a tunnel diode, and is easy to load DC voltage bias.
2) present invention is verified by Case Simulation, realizes the effect of gain negative index well in working frequency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention, and 1 (a) is embodiment positive structure schematic, and 1 (b) is embodiment
Structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the TD261 tunnel diode I-V curve figure that the embodiment of the present invention uses.
Fig. 3 is the effective dielectric constant and magnetic conductivity figure that emulation inverse of the embodiment of the present invention obtains.
Fig. 4 is the equivalent refractive index figure that emulation inverse of the embodiment of the present invention obtains.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a kind of gain material with negative refractive index based on tunnel diode, design, production
Embedded TD261 tunnel diode is measured with experiment while the artificial microwave medium sample of negative index and gain characteristic is presented.
Sample combines the artificial media unit of single layer of sub-wavelength electric resonance and magnetic resonance dipole structure.By designing single layer structure,
Each basic unit only needs to weld a tunnel diode, and is easy to load DC voltage bias.Basic cell structure is by embedding
The sub-wavelength metal column electric resonance unit and resonance ring element for having entered tunnel diode are layered on structure on certain thickness medium substrate
At.
The principle of the present invention is as follows:
ε in the equivalent constitutive parameter of artificial mediumeffAnd μeffIt must satisfy:
It can realize gain, wherein εeffAnd μeffThe respectively complex dielectric permittivity and complex permeability of medium, εeff=εeff′
+iεeff″,μeff=μeff′+iμeff″.When in artificial medium there are when controlled current source, if the energy that controlled source provides can be complete
When full counteracting conducts heat energy loss, even provides additional gain, artificial medium is lossy by the institute for crossing step-length incident electromagnetic wave.?
Under conditions of overcompensation, artificial medium becomes gain medium.Same principle, the controlled magnetic current source controlled by external magnetic field can also be used
In the loss of compensation and the artificial medium of overcompensation.
From the above discussion, it in order to realize the artificial medium of the gain for meeting causal law, needs in the Asia of passive artificial medium
Equivalent negative conductance (or negative resistance) device is introduced in wave resonance unit, and the frequency dispersion of the device is made to meet causality,
For example meet linearly invariant condition in whole frequency range.The present invention is introduced in traditional artificial medium Component units with micro-
Divide the microwave-tunnel diode (Tunnel diode) of negative resistance charactertistic, the artificial medium of gain to realize microwave frequency band.
Tunnel diode is operate on the semiconductor microactuator wave device of quantum tunneling effect.The present invention, which selects, has voltage control
The TD261 type tunnel diode of the General Electric company of type I-V characteristic is as the negative resistance for being embedded in artificial media unit
Resistant to device, to control the dispersion of artificial medium constitutive parameter imaginary part.The I-V curve and equivalent circuit of TD261 tunnel diode
As shown in Fig. 2, there is an electric current to increase and reduced region in its voltage-current characteristic curve with forward voltage, have negative
The slope of curve, referred to as diode can provide the region NDR of gain.In this region, tunnel diode can be used in Fig. 2
Shown in equivalent circuit describe.TD261 series tunnel diode working frequency reaches as high as 20GHz, can satisfy Microwave Frequency
The design of the artificial medium of Duan Youyuan needs.
The present invention is that tunnel diode is embedded in SRR resonant ring to obtain effective homogeneous space point of equivalent permeability
Cloth, to realize gain.We have derived the equivalent permeability of the SRR resonant ring of insertion tunnel diode, obtain following formula:
μeff=1+ μc+μs,
In above formula, μcTradition Lorentz dispersion is presented in the magnetic polarization response that corresponding passive resonant structure generates, real part,
The symbol of imaginary part is by passive resistance R1It determines, therefore permanent is positive value；μsThe corresponding leading magnetic polarization generated of equivalent negative resistance responds, and is
Imaginary part perseverance is the pure imaginary number of negative value.According to above formula, pass through change-RdSize, it can part, whole or overcompensation are due to nothing
Source resistance R1Caused conduction loss.RdIt is bigger, it is bigger to the compensation of imaginary part, until overcompensation occurs, generate gain.So logical
The bias voltage for crossing control TD261, can both obtain the artificial medium of equivalent negative index with gain；ω is resonance frequency, F
Indicate duty ratio, i.e. ratio (the split ring resonator unit of the real area of split ring resonator and the split ring resonator unit gross area
The area that the gross area includes by outer ring, the real area of split ring resonator are filled black region).
The embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
As shown in Figure 1, basic unit is by sub-wavelength electric resonance unit, traditional SRR resonance ring element, medium substrate and embedding
Tunnel diode in SRR resonant ring inner ring gap forms, and electric resonance unit and magnetic resonance unit are layered on medium substrate respectively
Two sides.Wherein, as shown in Fig. 1 (a), sub-wavelength electric resonance unit is the copper foil of thickness 0.035mm, line width a=2mm, is layed in
The medium substrate back side.As shown in Fig. 1 (b), traditional SRR resonance ring element is layed in medium substrate front, traditional SRR resonance
Ring element is thickness 0.035mm, side length b=16mm, line width c=1.32mm, gap is the copper foil of 1.32mm between ring and ring,
It is welded with TD261 tunnel diode at the gap of inner ring coboundary, the extended distance of inner ring and outer ring is c=1.32mm.Medium base
Plate is long d=20mm, wide e=20mm, high f=1.27mm, relative dielectric constant 6.15, loss angle tangent are 0.0027
Rogers substrate.In emulation, the parasitic parameter R of TD2611=7 Ω ,-Rd=-250 Ω, L=1.5nH, C=0.65pF.Although
TD261 can work in the high frequency of 20GHz or more, the present invention selects near 2GHz frequency range, to reduce the parasitic parameter of TD261
It influences.In this frequency range, the scale of artificial resonant element is less than the 1/5 of operation wavelength, meets the requirement of equivalent medium theory.It will be upper
Unit is stated in three-dimensional space along the direction x, y and z periodicity close-packed arrays, it can the artificial medium sample needed.Work as electricity
Field in the z-direction polarization, when polarized plane wave is by the incidence of the direction x in the y-direction in magnetic field, generation electric resonance will be incuded simultaneously in unit
And magnetic resonance, resonance frequency can be by changing the gap width of SRR resonance ring element and the width adjusting of ring.
Clearance distance between the inner ring and outer ring of split shed resonant ring of the embodiment of the present invention is all the same, inner ring and outer ring
Clearance distance between extended distance and inner ring and outer ring is equal, can inner ring and outer ring to split ring resonator according to required frequency
Between clearance distance, the extended distance of inner ring and outer ring and the width of inner ring, outer ring be adjusted.
Fig. 3 give from the effective dielectric constant of artificial medium after the load TD261 that emulation gained S parameter inverting obtains and
Magnetic conductivity.As can be seen from the figure the real part of effective dielectric constant and magnetic conductivity is all negative value between 2.02 and 2.13GHz.Together
When, what the imaginary part of magnetic conductivity was always born, and the imaginary part of dielectric constant is always positive.μeff″/μeffAbsolute value be greater than εeff″/
εeff, indicate that the power of tunnel diode offer is sufficiently large, it is sufficient to power consumed by overcompensation material loss, total
Net gain is presented.
Fig. 4 shows the equivalent refractive index from artificial medium after the load TD261 that emulation gained S parameter inverting obtains, from
It can be seen that, near 2.0Ghz, the real part satisfaction of equivalent refraction rate coefficient is negative, and equivalent refraction rate coefficient at this time in figure
Imaginary part be also very little negative, the medium is not only corresponding with negative refraction at this time, and when electromagnetic wave inside transmits not
Only will not loss of energy, and energy is more and more stronger after this medium.
The working frequency range of this example is a narrow-band near 2GHz, if to work in other frequencies, it is only necessary to adjust
Gap size of the width or resonant ring of whole split ring resonator between gap and ring and ring itself.(this example is each
The size of seam is c, does not need actually to keep same size completely, can arbitrarily be adjusted according to required).
It should be noted that this embodiment is only used to illustrate the invention but not to limit the scope of the invention, reading
After the present invention, those skilled in the relevant art fall within power appended by the application to the modification for the various equivalent forms that the present invention is made
Benefit requires the range limited.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of gain material with negative refractive index based on tunnel diode, it is characterised in that: the gain material with negative refractive index
Basic unit includes metal structure, tunnel diode and dielectric base plate, and dielectric base plate is rectangular parallelepiped structure, metal structure packet
Electric resonance unit and magnetic resonance unit are included, electric resonance unit is sub-wavelength metal copper post, is layed among the dielectric base plate back side
The upper and lower port of position, electric resonance unit is concordant with dielectric base plate up-and-down boundary；Magnetic resonance unit is square aperture resonant ring,
Be laid in dielectric base plate front, split ring resonator be concentric internal and external double-circular structure, inner ring lower boundary, outer ring coboundary centre
Position is equipped with opening；It is provided with gap at inner ring coboundary middle position, that is, inner ring opening direction relative position, is welded between gap
It is connected to tunnel diode.
2. the gain material with negative refractive index according to claim 1 based on tunnel diode, it is characterised in that: the electricity is situated between
Matter substrate is Rogers medium substrate.
3. the gain material with negative refractive index according to claim 1 based on tunnel diode, it is characterised in that: the tunnel
Diode is TD261 series tunnel diode.
4. the gain material with negative refractive index according to claim 1 based on tunnel diode, it is characterised in that: described basic
Unit is excited by electric and magnetic fields in electromagnetic wave incident and generates electric resonance and magnetic resonance.
5. the gain material with negative refractive index according to claim 4 based on tunnel diode, it is characterised in that: the resonance
Frequency is adjusted by the gap width between change split ring resonator inner ring, outer ring width and inner ring and outer ring.
6. the gain material with negative refractive index according to claim 4 based on tunnel diode, it is characterised in that: the electricity is humorous
The direction of vibration unit is identical as the E field polarization direction of incident electromagnetic wave when work.
7. the gain material with negative refractive index according to claim 4 based on tunnel diode, it is characterised in that: the magnetic is humorous
The magnetic field polarization direction of incident electromagnetic wave is mutually perpendicular to when the direction of vibration unit and work.
8. the gain material with negative refractive index according to claim 1 based on tunnel diode, it is characterised in that: described basic
Unit is in three dimensions along the vertical direction or horizontal direction close-packed arrays are at structure of different shapes.
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| CN201910164034.7A CN109888503A (en) | 2019-03-05 | 2019-03-05 | A kind of gain material with negative refractive index based on tunnel diode |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113517555A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-10-19 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | Frequency selection structure and antenna housing with same |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1991496A2 (en) * | 2006-03-01 | 2008-11-19 | Purdue Research Foundation | Negative index material with compensated losses |
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2019
- 2019-03-05 CN CN201910164034.7A patent/CN109888503A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1991496A2 (en) * | 2006-03-01 | 2008-11-19 | Purdue Research Foundation | Negative index material with compensated losses |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| D.R.SMITH ET AL.: "Determination of effective permittivity and permeability of metamaterials from reflection and transmission coefficients(Printed)", 《2002 THE AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY》 * |
| HAO XIN ET AL.: "Active metamaterials with gain compensation", 《2015 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (ISAP)》 * |
| MINAL KHOMBAL ET AL.: "Metamaterial unit cell with negative Refractive Index at C band", 《2018 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRONICS, MATERIALS ENGINEERING & NANO-TECHNOLOGY (IEMENTECH)》 * |
| SARITHA PALETI ET CL.: "Design of PIFA Antenna with Metamaterial Superstrate at 2.4 Ghz Using HFSS", 《INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATION AND SIGNAL PROCESSING》 * |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113517555A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-10-19 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | Frequency selection structure and antenna housing with same |
| CN113517555B (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2023-09-12 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | Frequency selection structure and antenna housing with same |
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