CN109888491A - Three beam antenna systems based on SIW - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses three beam antenna systems based on SIW, including conversion minor matters, network matrix and aerial array.Conversion minor matters are mainly used for Mode change of the electromagnetic signal by microstrip transmission line to the region SIW；And three SIW coupling phase converters and a phase-shifting unit are used, it is combined into three into three and goes out network；Each column aerial array is connected to a port of network matrix, and each column number of unit is more than or equal to 1.SIW structure realizes the low loss characteristic of signal transmission.By being connected with aerial array, one may be implemented along the radiation beam of axis and two axisymmetric wave beams.This design has the characteristics that loss is small, structure is simple, has a wide range of application.

Description

Three beam antenna systems based on SIW

Technical field

The present invention relates to antenna technical fields, and in particular to a kind of multibeam antenna system based on SIW.

Background technique

With the fast development of wireless communication technique, the requirement to capacity is higher and higher.In order to solve this trend, intelligence Antenna plays an important role in a wireless communication system.The message capacity of system can be improved in intelligent antenna technology, realizes more High signal-to-noise ratio.Smart antenna can be realized using adaptive antenna technology and Wave beam forming antenna technology.Adaptive antenna Site alignment needed for greatest irradiation direction alignment, and with dead-center position against jamming station mode.However, complicated algorithm and big The data of amount need to handle, and the response speed of system is slow.Wave beam forming antenna is simple with structure, is easily achieved, wave beam control The advantages that accurate.Therefore, the research of multibeam antenna becomes increasingly prevalent.The core technology of multibeam antenna is Wave beam forming Network.There are many design methods of beam-forming network, such as BLASS matrix.Avoid complicated signal processing realize power and Phase distribution, butler matrix have attracted the interest of Many researchers.For traditional butler matrix, input port and output Number be even-order, such as 4 × 4 or 8 × 8 networks.It can produce the axisymmetric wave beam of even number.With it is defeated with even number The butler matrix of inbound port is different, and three wave beam butler matrixs can generate a direction 0 degree and two axisymmetric wave beams.

When working frequency increases, open transmission line will generate biggish radiation loss.Therefore micro-strip form is used The network of design will greatly reduce the receiving sensitivity of antenna.And substrate integration wave-guide (SIW) passes through Jie in planar circuit Two rows of metallic vias are embedded in matter layer to constitute.This SIW can not only be integrated with microstrip IC etc., but also be retained The quality factor of conventional waveguide are high, radiation loss is small, convenient for design the advantages that.The concept of substrate integration wave-guide is before 2002 After be suggested.Its characteristic can be ground with the boundary integral resonance mode method of development, Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method and FInite Element Study carefully.Then, SIW is applied to extensively among the microwave device circuit of production high frequency.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of multibeam antenna systems based on SIW.

The present invention includes input port, conversion minor matters, network matrix and aerial array；The input port converts branch Section and aerial array are arranged on medium substrate；It is connected with each other between each component part by the conductive layer of medium substrate； Network matrix includes SIW coupling phase converter and phase shifter；The upper and lower surface of medium substrate is that the first conductive layer and second are led respectively Electric layer connects upper and lower surface circuit by short-circuit via hole；There are three input ports, is distributed in the middle side edge of medium substrate, phase The distance between neighboring terminal mouth is identical；

Minor matters are converted to be used to by the microstrip transmission line of input port change electromagnetic signal to network matrix；Network matrix is adopted With three SIW coupling phase converters and a phase-shifting unit, it is combined into three into three and goes out network；Wherein coupler output and phase shift list The input terminal overlapping of member, is adjusted the amplitude and phase of signal jointly；Aerial array is made of at least 3 array antenna units, and Each column is connected to a port of network matrix；Each column number of unit is more than or equal to 1.

Further, the SIW couples phase converter, using two column SIW and shares intermediate metallic vias, empty part gold Belong to via hole and form coupling regime, and loaded in the way of short-circuit via hole, the amplitude and phase of its output signal are adjusted Section.

Further, the SIW phase-shifting unit is by changing the width between two column via holes or increasing in the channel SIW Short-circuit through-hole is realized.

Preferably, the antenna element form stated, is paster antenna, slot antenna, SIW antenna.

Further, the metallic vias can be replaced with plain conductor or metal bar.

Preferably, described converts minor matters shape as grading structure or hierarchic structure.

Further, the medium substrate uses various dielectrics.

Present invention employs the network matrix design form of three input ports and three output ports, signal is from different Output signal of the port input at three output ports has amplitude identical and the characteristic of constant phase difference.SIW structure Form is to realize the low loss characteristic of signal transmission.By being connected with aerial array, one may be implemented along axis Radiation beam and two axisymmetric wave beams.Can be used in the higher array antenna of frequency, have small, structure is lost simply with And the performances such as axial radiation.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is overlooking structure diagram of the invention；

Fig. 2 is present invention looks up structural representation of the invention；

Fig. 3 is side structure schematic view of the invention；

Fig. 4 is S parameter figure of the invention；

Fig. 5 is E surface radiation directional diagram of the invention；

Fig. 6 is H surface radiation directional diagram of the invention.

Specific embodiment

Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out Clearly and completely describe.

As shown in Figures 1 to 3, a kind of multibeam antenna system based on SIW that the present embodiment is shown, including input port 1, conversion minor matters 2, network matrix and aerial array 5.Input port 1, converts minor matters 2 and aerial array 5 is arranged at medium base On plate 9.It is connected with each other between each component part by the conductive layer of medium substrate 9.Medium substrate 9 is situated between using various insulation Matter, or air dielectric, if being equivalently employed without medium substrate using air dielectric.The thickness of medium substrate 9 is according to need It is adjusted, generally between 0.1mm~5mm.Network matrix includes SIW coupling phase converter 3 and phase shifter 4.Input port Place is fed using the characteristic impedance of 50 Ω.Its medium of medium substrate is air, epoxy plate or polytetrafluoroethyl-ne in the present embodiment Alkene.

For input port by microstrip transmission line feed-in input signal, microstrip transmission line one end width is corresponding 50 ohm Impedance, input signal use SAM connector, and coaxial cable etc. is connect with microstrip line.

The upper and lower surface of medium substrate 9 is the first conductive layer 7 and the second conductive layer 8 respectively, passes through evenly arranged short circuit Via hole 6 connects upper and lower surface circuit.There are three input ports 1: first input port 11, the second input port 12, third input Port 13, is evenly distributed on the middle side edge of medium substrate 9, and the distance between adjacent port is identical.

SIW is coupled there are three phase converters 3: the first SIW couples phase converter 31, the 2nd SIW coupling phase converter 32 and the 3rd SIW Couple phase converter 33, three coupling phase converter cross arrangements.

SIW couples phase converter 3 and is realized by removing short-circuit via hole 6 to control respective coupling amount in the present embodiment.Believing Again by removing corresponding short-circuit via hole after number coupling, empty part metallic vias forms coupling regime, and utilizes short-circuit via hole Mode is loaded, to change the amplitude and phase of transmitted signal, and then controls SIW coupling phase converter output port Amplitude and phase.

The phase of the amount of phase shift control output end mouthful of phase shifter 4, and realized by different modes.Phase shifter 4 in this example For the phase shifter 41 for being loaded with short-circuit minor matters, the realization phase shift function of line width can be also transmitted by changing.Regardless of any Mode is required to guarantee the transmission characteristic of phase shifter.

The output port of second coupling phase converter 32 is merged with the input port of the first phase shifter 41 to overlap, thus The Uniting for realizing the two, reduces the size of overall network.Aerial array 5 is realized using slot antenna form.Each column gap Quantity minimum 1, and gap deviate SIW passage axis, i.e., can not be overlapped with SIW passage axis.The terminal of aerial array Position, to open a way or carrying out short circuit or offered load using through-hole.

Conductive layer 8 covers below entire medium substrate, provides metallic reflection plate for input port 1 and conversion minor matters 2 Characteristic.While its shielded layer as aerial array 5, avoid electromagnetism wave direction gap Backside radiation.

As a specific embodiment of the invention, the size of medium substrate 9 is 200mm × 60mm × 1.0mm.

Fig. 4 is the S parameter figure of the specific embodiment of the invention, it is desirable that working frequency 10GHz, return loss are less than -10dB. Its abscissa is frequency (GHz), and ordinate is decibel value (dB).At 10GHz, the return loss of three input ports is small In -15dB, so that entire antenna system has good transmission characteristic.

Fig. 5 is E surface radiation directional diagram of the specific embodiment of the invention at 10GHz.Each input port corresponds to different Radiation beam, to form three beam antenna systems.There is good isolation characteristic, two wave beams in left and right are equal between beamformer system There is zero point radiation characteristic in 0 degree of angle, to avoid interfering with each other between wave beam.

Fig. 6 is the H surface radiation directional diagram of the specific embodiment of the invention.When motivating input port 2, the face H directional diagram tool There is good directional characteristic, and its front and back ratio is more than 30dB.

As specific embodiments of the present invention, antenna can generate three wave beams in vertical plane, be directed toward different directions, from And the covering for improving signal is horizontal, increases the capacity of system.

Obviously, described embodiment is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on this The embodiment of invention, those of ordinary skill in the art's every other reality obtained under the premise of not making creative labor Example is applied, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. three beam antenna systems based on SIW, including input port, conversion minor matters, network matrix and aerial array；Its feature Be: the input port converts minor matters and aerial array is arranged on medium substrate；Pass through between each component part The conductive layer of medium substrate is connected with each other；Network matrix includes SIW coupling phase converter and phase shifter；The upper and lower surface of medium substrate It is the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer respectively, upper and lower surface circuit is connected by short-circuit via hole；There are three input ports, distribution In the middle side edge of medium substrate, the distance between adjacent port is identical；

Minor matters are converted to be used to by the microstrip transmission line of input port change electromagnetic signal to network matrix；Network matrix uses three A SIW coupling phase converter and a phase-shifting unit are combined into three into three and go out network；Wherein coupler output and phase-shifting unit Input terminal overlapping, is adjusted the amplitude and phase of signal jointly；Aerial array is made of at least 3 array antenna units, and each column It is connected to a port of network matrix；Each column number of unit is more than or equal to 1.

2. three beam antenna systems based on SIW as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the SIW couples phase modulation Device using two column SIW and shares intermediate metallic vias, and empty part metallic vias forms coupling regime, and utilizes short-circuit mistake Hole mode is loaded, and the amplitude and phase of its output signal are adjusted.

3. three beam antenna systems based on SIW as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the SIW phase-shifting unit is logical It crosses the width changed between two column via holes or increases short-circuit through-hole in the channel SIW and realize.

4. three beam antenna systems based on SIW as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the antenna element form, For paster antenna, slot antenna, SIW antenna.

5. three beam antenna systems based on SIW as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the metallic vias can It is replaced with plain conductor or metal bar.

6. three beam antenna systems based on SIW as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the conversion minor matters shape For grading structure or hierarchic structure.

7. three beam antenna systems based on SIW as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the medium substrate uses Various dielectrics.