CN109888318A - A kind of preparation method and application of the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal- - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method and application of the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal- Download PDFInfo
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- CN109888318A CN109888318A CN201910113099.9A CN201910113099A CN109888318A CN 109888318 A CN109888318 A CN 109888318A CN 201910113099 A CN201910113099 A CN 201910113099A CN 109888318 A CN109888318 A CN 109888318A
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation method and applications of the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal-, it the described method comprises the following steps: step A, weighing a certain proportion of carbon source presoma, nitrogen source presoma, metal salt as raw material and carry out ball milling mixing, obtain powder solid presoma;Step B, powder solid presoma is heat-treated under protective atmosphere to get the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal-is arrived.Composite material produced by the present invention has efficient hydrogen reduction catalytic performance, can be applied to the air electrode catalyst of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, alkaline fuel cell, metal-air battery etc..The advantage of the catalyst is have cellular structure abundant and biggish specific surface area, be conducive to the utilization of active sites and the generation of mass transport process.Carbon source, nitrogen source, source metal interaction, effectively improve catalytic activity.The nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of prepared metal-has good oxygen reduction catalytic activity, is a kind of efficient non noble metal oxygen reduction catalyst.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the preparations of electrochemical energy source domain more particularly to a kind of nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal-
Method and application.
Background technique
As society and expanding economy, the mankind are increasing to the demand of the energy.In past several centuries, I
Depend on fossil energy, however a large amount of uses of fossil energy result in many problems: as people are to the mistake of fossil fuel
Degree development and utilization, fossil resource face increasingly exhausted danger;Fossil fuel can release toxic and harmful gas such as in burning
Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides etc. and a large amount of particle, cause serious air pollution.Therefore, energy and environmental problem at
For the theme of the world today.
Hydrogen Energy is as a kind of green energy resource, and energy density is high, abundance, and Hydrogen Energy combustion product is water, to environment
Close friend does not generate any pollution.Fuel cell can use Hydrogen Energy, and chemical energy is converted into electric energy, need not move through heat engine combustion
Burning process, is not limited by Carnot cycle, and capacity usage ratio is high, environmental-friendly, therefore is had broad application prospects and business
Value.
One of them important restraining factors of fuel cell extensive development are exactly its cost problem, in order to promote fuel electric
The reaction of anode and cathode in pond needs the oxygen reduction reaction using effective catalyst, especially cathode.Better performances is platinum at present
Base catalyst, but platinum shortage of resources, it is expensive, it is the high major reason of fuel cell cost.Therefore exploitation at
This is cheap, and the non-precious metal catalyst of high activity and high stability is one of the hot spot of current development fuel cell technology.
Since interaction between atoms are not strong in general presoma calcination process, carbon source, nitrogen source and source metal are purely by way of
The loss of respective presoma, one side nitrogen is more serious during heat treatment, the effective active on the other hand formed
Site is on the low side.Therefore improve and act between atoms of precursor, for example, by using can and metal ion form the nitrogen source etc. of chelate, can be with
It effectively facilitates active site to generate and increase operation rate, to improve hydrogen reduction performance.
A kind of Novel iron N doping mesoporous biological carbon oxygen reduction catalyst is disclosed in patent document CN 109037713A
Preparation method, it is first that chlorella pyrenoidosa powder and molysite is molten using chlorella pyrenoidosa as the nitrogen source of ORR catalyst and carbon source
Liquid or the mixing of iron content organic solution and ultrasonic vibration, are then dried, then after being pyrolyzed, ball milling is obtained.The above method is with solution
Method mixes presoma, and pyrolysis has formed oxygen reduction catalyst, and the ball milling after pyrolysis is primarily served particulate abrasive into powder
Effect.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of nitrogen co-doped C-base composte materials of metal-
Preparation method and application.Operation is simple for method of the invention, and using ball-milling method, one-step calcination synthesis has after evenly mixing
There is the composite material of efficient hydrogen reduction catalytic performance.This method growth in situ metal-nitrogen-carbon activity component selects meeting and metal
Ion occurs chelation and forms the nitrogen source of stable chelate, and selects small molecule Nitrogen element nitrogen source abundant, Ke Yiyou
In effect insertion carbon-coating, be conducive to the insertion of nitrogen, simultaneously because firm effect of the nitrogen source to metal ion, metallic atom and nitrogen-atoms
Closer to metal-N structure easy to form, is conducive to oxygen reduction activity during heat treatment in structure.In addition, at heat
Reason process release gas will form cellular structure, is conducive to the load of active sites, greatly improves the oxygen reduction catalytic activity of material.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The present invention provides a kind of preparation methods of the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal-, comprising the following steps:
Step A, a certain proportion of carbon source presoma, nitrogen source presoma, metal salt are weighed as raw material and carries out ball milling mixing,
Obtain powder solid presoma;
Step B, powder solid presoma is heat-treated under protective atmosphere to get nitrogen co-doped carbon-based to metal-
Composite material.
With ball grinding method mixing presoma in of the invention, be because the existing way of carbon carrier in the solution be dispersion and
Non- dissolution, ball-milling method can make solid-like presoma mix it is more uniform, and be conducive to nitrogen source source metal insertion carbon-coating or
Person is filled in the duct of carbon, is conducive to the growth of active sites.
Preferably, in the step A, carbon source presoma be Vulcan XC72, Ketjenblack EC300J,
One or more of Ketjenblack EC600JD, Carbot BP2000, carbon nanotube, graphene.
Preferably, in the step A, nitrogen source presoma is phenanthrolene, glycine, cyanamide, dicyanodiamine, melamine
One or more of amine, urea, thiocarbamide.
Preferably, in the step A, metal salt is at least one of molysite, cobalt salt, nickel salt;Specifically, the metal
Salt is ferrous acetate, iron ammonium sulfate, ferric nitrate, frerrous chloride, ferric trichloride, ferrous sulfate, ferric rhodanate, cobalt acetate, nitre
One of sour cobalt, cobalt chloride, cobaltous sulfate, nickel acetate, nickel nitrate, nickel chloride, nickel sulfate.
Preferably, in the step A, the mass ratio of carbon source presoma, nitrogen source presoma and metal salt be 20:20:1~
20:20:3。
Preferably, in the step A, the ratio of ball milling pearl and total mass of raw material that ball milling uses is 20:1;The ball milling
Speed is 300-400rpm, Ball-milling Time 2-5h.The ball milling pearl must have liberal quantity to guarantee raw material forerunner's physical efficiency
It is enough sufficiently mixed, but excessive ball milling pearl will cause the more waste of raw material;Ball milling speed and time cannot be too low otherwise difficult
It is excessively high to be thoroughly mixed uniformly, biggish burden is caused to instrument.
Preferably, in the step B, protective atmosphere is one of nitrogen, argon gas, ammonia, hydrogen-argon-mixed;The heat
Treatment temperature is 800~1000 DEG C, and heat treatment time is 1~5h.The heat treatment temperature is too low will lead to nitrogen can not be compared with
Good is doped in carbon carrier;Excessively high it will cause the losses of nitrogen, are equally unfavorable for effective nitrogen-doping.
The present invention also provides a kind of nitrogen co-doped C-base composte materials of metal-, are prepared using method above-mentioned, institute
The part carbon atom for stating the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of iron is replaced by nitrogen-atoms and nitrogen-atoms is coordinated with metal again.
Preferably, in the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of the metal-, metal is at least one of iron, cobalt, nickel.
The present invention also provides a kind of applications of the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal-, and metal-is nitrogen co-doped carbon-based
Composite material is used as the oxygen reduction catalyst material of fuel cell or metal-air battery.
The preparation method of the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal-provided by the invention, synthesis material is low in cost, synthesis
Operation is simple, and using ball-milling method, one-step calcination synthesizes the composite wood with efficient hydrogen reduction catalytic performance after evenly mixing
Material.The active element in such catalyst is effectively consolidated by the interaction between carbon, nitrogen, metal.In addition, heat treatment process
Release gas will form cellular structure, is conducive to the load of active sites, greatly improves the oxygen reduction catalytic activity of material.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
Method low raw-material cost of the invention, synthetic operation is simple and easy, and using ball-milling method, a step is forged after evenly mixing
Burnt together is at the composite material with efficient hydrogen reduction catalytic performance.This method growth in situ metal-nitrogen-carbon activity component, small point
Sub- nitrogen source can be effectively inserted into carbon-coating, and the insertion of nitrogen is conducive to, simultaneously because nitrogen source acts on the chelating of metal ion, metal
Atom and nitrogen-atoms are in structure closer to metal-N structure easy to form, it is living to be conducive to hydrogen reduction during heat treatment
Property.
Detailed description of the invention
Upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings, other feature of the invention,
Objects and advantages will become more apparent upon:
Fig. 1 is the TEM photo of the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal-obtained in the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the XPS analysis figure of the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal-obtained in the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 3 is the polarization under the different rotating speeds of the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal-obtained in the embodiment of the present invention 1
Curve;
Fig. 4 is the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal-obtained in the embodiment of the present invention 1 in hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell
Voltage-to-current-power curve.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail combined with specific embodiments below.Following embodiment will be helpful to the technology of this field
Personnel further understand the present invention, but the invention is not limited in any way.It should be pointed out that the ordinary skill of this field
For personnel, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, several changes and improvements can also be made.These belong to the present invention
Protection scope.
The basic preparation step of the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of the metal-of following embodiment are as follows:
Step A, a certain proportion of carbon source presoma, nitrogen source presoma, metal salt are weighed as raw material and carries out ball milling mixing,
Obtain powder solid presoma;
Step B, powder solid presoma is heat-treated under protective atmosphere to get nitrogen co-doped carbon-based to metal-
Composite material.
In the step A, carbon source presoma is Vulcan XC72, Ketjenblack EC300J, Ketjenblack
One or more of EC600JD, Carbot BP2000, carbon nanotube, graphene.
In the step A, nitrogen source presoma is phenanthrolene, glycine, cyanamide, dicyanodiamine, melamine, urine
One or more of element, thiocarbamide.
In the step A, metal salt is ferrous acetate, iron ammonium sulfate, ferric nitrate, frerrous chloride, ferric trichloride, sulfuric acid
Ferrous iron, ferric rhodanate, cobalt acetate, cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride, cobaltous sulfate, nickel acetate, nickel nitrate, nickel chloride, one in nickel sulfate
Kind.
In the step A, the mass ratio of carbon source presoma, nitrogen source presoma and metal salt is 20:20:1~20:20:
3。
In the step A, the ratio of ball milling pearl and total mass of raw material that ball milling uses is 20:1;The ball milling speed is
300-400rpm, Ball-milling Time 2-5h.
In the step B, protective atmosphere is one of nitrogen, argon gas, ammonia, hydrogen-argon-mixed;The heat treatment temperature
Degree is 800~1000 DEG C, and heat treatment time is 1~5h.
Embodiment 1
The preparation step of the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of the metal-of the present embodiment is as follows:
1,500mg Ketjenblack EC600JD, 500mg phenanthrolene and 50mg acetic acid are weighed using electronic balance
Ferrous powder is placed in ball grinder;
2, ball milling pearl is added than powder sample for the ratio of 20:1 with ball milling pearl, is filled on ball mill with the revolving speed of 350rpm
Bulb separation grinds 3h;
3, the solid for obtaining step 2 is put into tube furnace, in the case where high pure nitrogen protects atmosphere, is existed with temperature-programmed mode
900 DEG C of burning 2h obtain black powder sample, the as nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal-.
Obtained sample is subjected to every characteristic test, as a result referring to Fig. 1,2,3,4:
Tem analysis: referring to Fig. 1, using Jeol Ltd. JSM-2010F type transmission electron microscope observation material
Pattern can see no metal nanoparticle from TEM picture, and iron is combined with other elements;
XPS analysis: referring to fig. 2, using Thermo Fischer Scient Inc., U.S. Escalab 250Xi type x-ray photoelectron
Energy depressive spectroscopy analyzes nitrogen content and type, find in catalyst containing pyridine nitrogen (N1), pyrroles's nitrogen (N2), graphite nitrogen (N3) and
Oxidized form nitrogen (N4).
The nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal-measures the chemical property of material, such as a kind of oxygen reduction catalyst
Shown in Fig. 3 and 4, in 0.1M HClO4Linear scan test (Fig. 3) is carried out in electrolyte solution, from result it can be seen that metal-
Nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material has good oxygen reduction activity, and linear scan shows very high hydrogen reduction take-off potential and half
Wave current potential, and reached maximum power 540mW/cm in the test of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell2Excellent properties.
Embodiment 2
The preparation step of the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of the metal-of the present embodiment is as follows:
1,500mg Ketjenblack EC300J, 500mg phenanthrolene and 50mg acetic acid are weighed using electronic balance
Ferrous powder is placed in ball grinder;
2, ball milling pearl is added than powder sample for the ratio of 20:1 with ball milling pearl, is filled on ball mill with the revolving speed of 350rpm
Bulb separation grinds 3h;
3, obtained solid is put into tube furnace, in the case where high pure nitrogen protects atmosphere, with temperature-programmed mode at 900 DEG C
It burns 2h and obtains black powder sample, the as nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal-.
Thus the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material items characteristic test result of the metal-prepared is close with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
The preparation step of the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of the metal-of the present embodiment is as follows:
1,500mg Ketjenblack EC300J, 500mg phenanthrolene and 50mg sulfuric acid are weighed using electronic balance
Ferrous ammonium powder is placed in ball grinder;
2, ball milling pearl is added than powder sample for the ratio of 20:1 with ball milling pearl, is filled on ball mill with the revolving speed of 350rpm
Bulb separation grinds 3h;
3, obtained solid is put into tube furnace, under ammonia atmosphere, is obtained with temperature-programmed mode in 900 DEG C of burning 2h
The nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of black powder sample, as metal-.
Thus the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material items characteristic test result of the metal-prepared is close with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
The preparation step of the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of the metal-of the present embodiment is as follows:
1,500mg Carbot BP2000,500mg glycine is weighed using electronic balance and 75mg frerrous chloride powder is put
It sets in ball grinder;
2, ball milling pearl is added than powder sample for the ratio of 20:1 with ball milling pearl, is filled on ball mill with the revolving speed of 300rpm
Bulb separation grinds 5h;
3, obtained solid is put into tube furnace, under argon atmosphere, is obtained with temperature-programmed mode in 800 DEG C of burning 2h
The nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of black powder sample, as metal-.
Thus the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material items characteristic test result of the metal-prepared is close with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
The preparation step of the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of the metal-of the present embodiment is as follows:
1,500mg carbon nanotube is weighed using electronic balance, 500mg melamine and 25mg nitric acid iron powder are placed on ball
In grinding jar;
2, ball milling pearl is added than powder sample for the ratio of 20:1 with ball milling pearl, is filled on ball mill with the revolving speed of 400rpm
Bulb separation grinds 2h;
3, obtained solid is put into tube furnace, under argon atmosphere, is obtained with temperature-programmed mode in 1000 DEG C of burning 1h
To black powder sample, the as nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal-.
Thus the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material items characteristic test result of the metal-prepared is close with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 6
The preparation step of the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of the metal-of the present embodiment is as follows:
1,500mg Ketjenblack EC600JD, 500mg phenanthrolene and 50mg acetic acid are weighed using electronic balance
Cobalt dust is placed in ball grinder;
2, ball milling pearl is added than powder sample for the ratio of 20:1 with ball milling pearl, is filled on ball mill with the revolving speed of 400rpm
Bulb separation grinds 3h;
3, obtained solid is put into tube furnace, under argon atmosphere, is obtained with temperature-programmed mode in 900 DEG C of burning 2h
The nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of black powder sample, as metal-.
Thus the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material items characteristic test result of the metal-prepared is close with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 1
The preparation step of the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of the metal-of this comparative example is substantially the same manner as Example 5, difference
Place is only that: in the step 1 of this comparative example, weighing 500mg carbon nanotube, 500mg melamine and 5mg nitric acid iron powder.
Thus the hydrogen reduction performance for preparing the gained nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal-is lower than the material of embodiment 5
Material.
Comparative example 2
The preparation step of the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of the metal-of this comparative example is substantially the same manner as Example 4, difference
Place is only that: in the step 1 of this comparative example, weighing 500mg Carbot BP2000,500mg glycine and 100mg frerrous chloride
Powder.
Thus the hydrogen reduction performance for preparing the gained nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal-is lower than the material of embodiment 4
Material.
In conclusion method low raw-material cost of the invention, synthetic operation is simple and easy, is uniformly mixed using ball-milling method
One-step calcination synthesis has the composite material of efficient hydrogen reduction catalytic performance afterwards.This method growth in situ metal-nitrogen-carbon activity group
Point, small molecule nitrogen source can be effectively inserted into carbon-coating, be conducive to the insertion of nitrogen, simultaneously because nitrogen source makees the chelating of metal ion
With, metallic atom and nitrogen-atoms closer to metal-N structure easy to form, is conducive to during heat treatment in structure
Oxygen reduction activity.
And the present invention can equally be prepared the good metal-nitrogen of oxygen reduction activity and be co-doped with when using metal salt as nickel salt
Miscellaneous C-base composte material.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are described above.It is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited to above-mentioned
Particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make a variety of changes or modify within the scope of the claims, this not shadow
Ring substantive content of the invention.In the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiments herein and embodiment can any phase
Mutually combination.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of preparation method of the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal-, which comprises the following steps:
Step A, a certain proportion of carbon source presoma, nitrogen source presoma, metal salt are weighed as raw material and carries out ball milling mixing, is obtained
Powder solid presoma;
Step B, powder solid presoma is heat-treated under protective atmosphere to get nitrogen co-doped carbon-based compound to metal-
Material.
2. the preparation method of the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal-according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
In step A, carbon source presoma is Vulcan XC72, Ketjenblack EC300J, Ketjenblack EC600JD, Carbot
One or more of BP2000, carbon nanotube, graphene.
3. the preparation method of the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal-according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
In step A, nitrogen source presoma is phenanthrolene, glycine, cyanamide, dicyanodiamine, melamine, urea, one in thiocarbamide
Kind is several.
4. the preparation method of the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal-according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
In step A, metal salt is ferrous acetate, iron ammonium sulfate, ferric nitrate, frerrous chloride, ferric trichloride, ferrous sulfate, thiocyanic acid
One of iron, cobalt acetate, cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride, cobaltous sulfate, nickel acetate, nickel nitrate, nickel chloride, nickel sulfate.
5. the preparation method of the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal-according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
In step A, the mass ratio of carbon source presoma, nitrogen source presoma and metal salt is 20:20:1~20:20:3.
6. the preparation method of the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal-according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
In step A, the ratio of ball milling pearl and total mass of raw material that ball milling uses is 20:1;The ball milling speed is 300-400rpm, ball
Time consuming is 2-5h.
7. the preparation method of the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal-according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
In step B, protective atmosphere is one of nitrogen, argon gas, ammonia, hydrogen-argon-mixed;The heat treatment temperature is 800~1000
DEG C, heat treatment time is 1~5h.
8. a kind of nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal-, which is characterized in that using the side as described in claim 1~6 is any
Method is prepared.
9. a kind of application of the nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material of metal-, which is characterized in that by metal-as claimed in claim 7
Nitrogen co-doped C-base composte material is used as the oxygen reduction catalyst material of fuel cell or metal-air battery.
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