CN109887754A - Monatomic Pt is to electrode and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
Monatomic Pt is to electrode and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN109887754A CN109887754A CN201910161919.1A CN201910161919A CN109887754A CN 109887754 A CN109887754 A CN 109887754A CN 201910161919 A CN201910161919 A CN 201910161919A CN 109887754 A CN109887754 A CN 109887754A
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Abstract
This application discloses a kind of monatomic Pt to electrode and its preparation method and application, the raw material to electrode includes conductive carbon material and monatomic Pt catalyst, monatomic Pt catalyst is mixed with conductive carbon material, ball milling forms dispersed paste after a certain amount of organic solvent is added；Above-mentioned dispersed paste is sprayed in clean conductive substrates, up to described to electrode after heating.Monatomic Pt of the invention electrode can be greatly decreased the dosage of Pt, so that electrode cost is greatly reduced, be conducive to the industrialization for pushing DSCs.
Description
Technical field
This application involves new materials and new energy devices field field, in particular to a kind of monatomic Pt to electrode
And its preparation method and application
Background technique
Dye-sensitized solar cells (dye-sensitized solar cells, abbreviation DSCs) is a kind of with representative
Property third generation photovoltaic technology, and the unique solar battery using liquid electrolyte being currently known.DSCs is usually by light sun
Pole, dyestuff, electrolyte and to electrode form.Effective component in DSCs electrolyte is oxidation-reduction pair, plays charge and turns
The effect of shifting, wherein most common electricity consists of iodide ion/Triiodide ion (I -/I3 -) to right for iodine electricity.Iodine electricity is to general
After electronics transfer is to the dye molecule of excitation state, iodide ion becomes Triiodide ion.As completion electric charge transfer most important one
A link, Triiodide ion needs restore electrode in DSCs, which is commonly called as iodine reduction reaction.Iodine reduction reaction influences
The regenerative process of iodine electricity pair, and further influence DSCs device photoelectric transfer efficiency.Therefore, to the height of electrode electro catalytic activity
It will directly determine the progress of iodine reduction reaction.It currently, is commonly noble metal platinum (Pt) to electrode material.Traditional Pt is to electrode
Refer to and upper one layer of Pt film is deposited by the method for vacuum evaporation, plating or chemical hot dip in conductive substrates, thickness is about
30nm~50nm.It is this huge to the Pt amount of consumption of electrode, when preparing in particular by vacuum evaporation, also cause very big wave
Take.Pt is noble metal, and reserves are extremely limited, and preparing Pt in current mode must cause DSCs cost to mention electrode potential
Height is unfavorable for large-scale production and application from now on.Therefore, reducing Pt usage amount and keeping its higher catalytic activity is ability
Domain urgent problem to be solved.
Reducing catalyst particle size, improving its specific surface area is to lower an important means of precious metals pt usage amount.
Small size Pt nano particle is prepared, and it is early to electrode it has been reported that for example preparing Pt nanoparticle to prepare DSCs based on this
And it is supported on conductive carrier.But more and more researches show that, when the particle size of Pt reduces to a certain extent
Afterwards, stability can decline to a great extent.For example, when Pt particle size is reduced to nanometer even sub-nanometer size, metal watch
Face free energy significantly increases, and aggregation easy to form simultaneously lowers catalytic activity.It can not after nanoparticle in addition, Pt is prepared into
It is substantially reduced the usage amount of Pt, because of the Pt of preparation still needed to electrode compared with multimass.Monatomic catalyst refers to list
A metallic atom is fixed on carrier by way of chemical bonding, and 100% metallic atom utilization rate may be implemented with this, can
With, it is envisioned that using monatomic catalyst can amplitude peak reduce and noble metal dosage and reduce device manufacturing cost.
Therefore, according to current DSCs to electrode in terms of improving Pt atom utilization there are the problem of, on the one hand, consider will
Pt is prepared into monatomic, improves its atom utilization with this amplitude peak；On the other hand, should also consider to find suitable carrier
Material can be fixedly secured single Pt atom, make it that agglomeration not occur in the operating condition, it is ensured that its long-time stability.
Therefore, the monatomic catalyst of Pt of high activity, high stability is developed for reducing DSCs production cost with extremely important existing
Sincere justice.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of monatomic Pt to electrode, which includes conductive carbon material and monatomic Pt
Catalyst, the carrier that monatomic Pt catalyst is monatomic Pt with transistion metal compound, will be single by way of chemical bonding
Atom securely fixes, to prevent its reunion；The effect of conductive carbon material is the electric conductivity increased to electrode, to be conducive to charge
Transmission.
Specifically, monatomic Pt catalyst is prepared using coprecipitation or chemiadsorption；
Before preparation is to electrode, monatomic Pt catalyst is first subjected to hydrogen reducing；
Transistion metal compound is oxide, sulfide or the tellurides of transition metal element；
Conductive carbon material is active carbon or ultra-fine crystalline flake graphite；
To the mass percent 30%-50% of Pt catalyst monatomic in electrode material.
Preferably, Pt mass percentage content is 1.7%-2.32% in monatomic catalyst；
Monatomic Pt catalyst is the monatomic catalyst of Pt/FeOx；Its preparation carries out in aqueous solution, wherein including 1.0
×10-2mol L-1-0.8mol/L-1Chloroplatinic acid, 1.0mol/L-1Ferric nitrate and 1.0mol/L-1Sodium carbonate, in 50 DEG C, pH
Carry out precipitation reaction under conditions of 8.0 or so, after about 1h fully reacting occurs, centrifuge separation, sediment in 60 DEG C of dry 5h, it
400 DEG C of sintering 5h in Muffle furnace afterwards；
The mass ratio of conductive carbon material and monatomic Pt catalyst is 1:1；
Conductive carbon material partial size is 40nm~50nm；
Before preparation is to electrode, monatomic Pt catalyst is first subjected to hydrogen reducing and is referred under the conditions of 200 DEG C to institute
It states monatomic Pt catalyst and is passed through the helium containing 10% hydrogen, reduction reaction 0.5h.
The present invention also provides a kind of aforementioned monatomic Pt to the preparation method of electrode, includes the following steps:
(1) monatomic Pt catalyst is mixed with conductive carbon material, ball milling formation point after a certain amount of organic solvent is added
Dissipate slurry；
(2) above-mentioned dispersed paste is sprayed in clean conductive substrates, up to described to electrode after heating.
Specifically, above-mentioned preparation method further include:
(1) organic solvent is at least one of ethyl alcohol, isopropanol, hexamethylene；
(2) ball milling jitter time is 3-4h；
(3) ball milling uses planetary ball mill；
(4) heat treatment is 80~200 DEG C of 1~3h of heating of temperature；
(5) conductive substrates are FTO glass, ito glass, ITO/PEN flexible substrates, metal titanium sheet or ti-alloy mesh；
(6) conductive substrates are put into ultrasonic cleaning 15min, are rinsed after taking-up with deionized water, successively uses deionization later
Water and dehydrated alcohol are respectively cleaned by ultrasonic 15min, rinse the conductive substrates dried up up to the cleaning after taking-up with dehydrated alcohol.
In monatomic Pt of the invention in electrode, Pt exists with single atomic form, and all atoms, which all play, urges
The effect of change, therefore its precious metal atom utilization rate realizes maximization.Have between Pt atom and transistion metal compound carrier
Have strong bonding effect, this effect can be securely fixed monatomic, to avoid Pt it is monatomic between mutual reunion.In addition,
There are a degree of electronics transfers between carrier and Pt atom, this will affect the catalytic performance of Pt.Transistion metal compound is
Fixed monoatomic ideal material, but its electric conductivity is poor, and therefore, monatomic material and conductive carbon material are mixed can
To improve the electric conductivity to electrode.
Application the present invention also provides a kind of monatomic Pt to electrode, by monatomic Pt of the invention to application of electrode in too
Positive energy field of batteries.
The present invention also provides a kind of monatomic Pt to the application method of electrode, this method comprises:
(1) aperture is being made a call to each in angular vertex to electrode.
(2) light anode after taking dye sensitization, it is complete in the external application sarin film covering of light anode active area, it covers later
It to electrode and seals, determines that light anode is connected with to electrode seal.
(3) make to generate negative pressure to the space between electrode and light anode from an aperture pumping, utilize this negative pressure later
Electrolyte is perfused from another aperture, to ensure light anode and be filled with electrolyte completely to the space between electrode.
(4) uv-curable glue is coated on to two apertures on electrode, is put into ultra-violet curing case and is completed finally later
Encapsulation.
At least one of specifically, the application method further includes following 1) -6):
1) light anode and to electrode active area in 0.16cm2~100cm2。
2) light anode and to the gap between electrode be 20 μm~45 μm.
3) small aperture is about 0.5mm.
4) it is connected to air pump with plastic pipe, an abutting of plastic pipe is evacuated the aperture on electrode.
5) process that electrolyte is perfused repeats 3-4 times.
6) electrolyte can be liquid electrolyte, be also possible to gel electrolyte.
Further, it as used gel electrolyte, needs to put battery after completing encapsulation and heat in an oven, heat
Temperature is controlled at 80 DEG C or so.Gel electrolyte composition are as follows: the LiI of 0.1M, 0.1mol L-1I2,0.6mol L-11,2- bis-
Methyl -3- propyl imidazole iodine, 0.45mol L-1N- methyl sheet and imidazoles, solvent be methoxypropionitrile, gelling agent is polycyclic oxygen
Ethane (molecular weight 2,000,000), additive amount are the 5.0% of liquid electrolyte quality.
Gel electrolyte, gel electrolyte confrontation device will be such as used to electrode together with light anode assembled layers completed cell device
The stability of part plays a positive role.On the one hand, gel electrolyte itself is not volatile and leakage, another aspect, gel are electric
Xie Zhizhong often contains polymeric gel agent, and this high molecular material can generate one to light anode or to the surface of solids of electrode
Fixed passivation effect, to inhibit the generation of interface side reaction.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The dosage that monatomic Pt of the invention electrode can be greatly decreased Pt (is reduced to 1 the percent of traditional Pt electrode
Below), it so that electrode cost is greatly reduced, is also beneficial to push the industrialization of DSCs.This new has electrode
Excellent catalytic effect, it can be ensured that electrode surface iodine reduction reaction is gone on smoothly, so that it is excellent to guarantee that DSCs device has
Different photoelectric characteristic.By it is this to electrode assembling at DSCs device, it is effectively encapsulated and using gel electrolyte, can be with
The long-time stability of device are substantially improved, this is most important to photovoltaic device long-time steady operation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the Pt that Pt content prepared by embodiment 1 is 0.08%1/FeOxCatalyst scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electricity
Mirror (TEM) photo, wherein (a) figure is scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo, (b) figure is transmission electron microscope (TEM) photo；
Fig. 2 is urging electrode and routine Pt electrode for monatomic sample preparation of the embodiment 1 based on different Pt contents
Change active testing result figure, wherein (a) figure is cyclic voltammetry curve, (b) figure is Tafel curve；
Fig. 3 is the high score for the monatomic catalyst Pt 1/FeOx that Pt mass percentage prepared by embodiment 1 is 0.08%
Distinguish that spherical aberration corrects transmission electron microscope picture；
The DSCs device photoelectric conversion performance figure that Fig. 4 is assembled by embodiment 2；
Fig. 5 is that the high-resolution spherical aberration for the Pt1/FeOx sample that Pt mass percentage prepared by embodiment 3 is 2.32% is rectified
Regular transmission electron microscope；
Fig. 6 is the preparation of embodiment 3 to electrode stereoscan photograph；
Fig. 7 is the preparation of embodiment 3 to electrode catalyst active testing result figure, wherein (a) figure is cyclic voltammetry curve,
(b) figure is Tafel curve；
The DSCs performance map that Fig. 8 is assembled by embodiment 4；
The flexible DSCs performance map that Fig. 9 is assembled by embodiment 5；
The DSCs device stability test result figure that Figure 10 is assembled by embodiment 6.
Specific embodiment
Experimental method used in following embodiments is conventional method unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples is commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Embodiment 1
One, monatomic Pt catalysis material Pt1/FeOxPreparation
Two kinds are prepared using coprecipitation (with specific reference to " Nature Chemistry ", 2011,3, p634-641) first
The monatomic catalyst of different Pt contents (Pt mass percentage content is respectively 0.08% and 1.70% in two samples).Sample
Preparation carry out in aqueous solution, predecessor includes platinum acid chloride solution, iron nitrate solution and sodium carbonate liquor, reaction system
PH is controlled 8.0 or so.When preparing the sample that Pt content is 0.08%, chloroplatinic acid concentration is 2.12 × 10-2M, iron nitrate concentration
For 1.0M, sodium carbonate liquor concentration is 1.0M, and reaction temperature is 50 DEG C；When preparing the sample that Pt content is 1.70%, chloroplatinic acid
Concentration is 0.36M, and iron nitrate concentration 1.0M, sodium carbonate liquor concentration is 1.0M, and reaction temperature is 50 DEG C.It is to be precipitated to have reacted
After hologonying (this process needs about 1h), sample is centrifugated, 60 DEG C of dry 5h, carries out 400 DEG C of sintering in Muffle furnace later
5h；Before preparation is to electrode, the sample of sintering is subjected to hydrogen reducing, detailed process is to be passed through at 200 DEG C containing 10% hydrogen
The gaseous mixture (another ingredient in gaseous mixture is He gas, and effect is carrier gas) of gas restores 0.5h.It can from the TEM photo in Fig. 1
To find out, the monatomic Pt catalyzed samples of Pt mass percentage content 0.08% manufactured in the present embodiment are nano particle, size
It is uniform, within the scope of 20nm~30nm.
Two, preparation of the monatomic Pt to electrode
Specific steps are as follows:
(1) monatomic Pt (the hereinafter referred to as Pt of 100mg iron oxide load is weighed respectively1/FeOx) and 100mg conductive black,
2ml isopropanol is added after evenly mixing, is put into ball grinder and carries out ball milling, time 3h.
(2) after the slurry for obtaining process (1) takes out, using spray gun spraying on the FTO electro-conductive glass of surface cleaning, spray
The area of painting is about 20cm2。
(3) sample after spraying is put into baking oven 120 DEG C of heating 4h up to monatomic Pt to electrode.
Three, catalytic performance test
(1) cyclic voltammetry is carried out using three-electrode system, wherein institute's sample to be tested is working electrode, platinum filament
For to electrode, Ag/Ag+For reference electrode, electrolyte solution group becomes 10mMLiI, 1mM I2With 0.1M LiClO4, solvent is second
Nitrile, sweeping speed is 10mVs-1, as a result as shown in Figure 2 a.
(2) test of Tafel polarization curve uses identical electrolyte, and voltage scan range is -0.8~0.8V, sweeps
Retouching rate is 10mVs-1, as a result as shown in Figure 2 b.
It can be seen that sample (the i.e. FeO of blank from Fig. 2 ax) for iodine reduction reaction almost without any catalytic activity,
It can be concluded that FeOxThe not too many active site in surface；When the Pt in sample containing 0.08% is monatomic, (it is high
It is as shown in Figure 3 to differentiate spherical aberration correction transmission electron microscope (HR-STEM) photo) after, catalytic activity obtains a degree of raising, but property
It can be still not as good as tradition Pt electrode；It can be seen that the increase with monatomic Pt content from Fig. 2 b, polarization of electrode electric current mentioned
Height, close to traditional platinum electrode.
Embodiment 2
By Pt mass percentage in embodiment 1 be 0.08% sample preparation to electrode assembling at complete DSCs device
Part, and test device photoelectric conversion energy
(1) sample preparation that Pt mass percentage is 0.08% in embodiment 1 to drawing a rule on electrode
Square, square area is consistent with light anode active area；An aperture is made a call to each in angular vertex in square,
Aperture is about 0.5mm.
(2) light anode after taking dye sensitization, it is complete in the external application sarin film covering of light anode active area, it covers later
It to electrode and seals, determines that light anode is connected with to electrode seal.
(3) it is connected to air pump with elastic plastic pipe, one of plastic pipe is close to the aperture on electrode, by pumping
After processing, negative pressure is generated to the space between electrode and light anode, is perfused is electrolysed from another aperture using this negative pressure later
Matter, electrolyte used are organic solvent electrolyte, and wherein solvent is acetonitrile, and the effective component and concentration for being included are respectively as follows: iodine
Change lithium (LiI, 0.06M), elemental iodine (I2, 0.03M), guanidinium isothiocyanate (GuSCN, 0.1M), 1- butyl-tri-methylimidazolium iodine
(PMII, 0.6M), tert .-butylpyridine (TBP, 0.5M).Filling process is repeated 3 times, to ensure light anode and to the sky between electrode
Between be filled with electrolyte completely.
(4) uv-curable glue is coated on to two apertures on electrode, is put into ultra-violet curing case and is completed finally later
Encapsulation.
As shown in figure 4, being obtained in DSCs to application of electrode using the monatomic catalyst preparation of Pt in embodiment 1
Preferable photoelectric conversion efficiency, the open-circuit voltage of device, short circuit current, fill factor are respectively 0.74V, 15.46mA cm-2、
0.65, final photoelectric conversion efficiency is 7.49%, is slightly below applicable in the device of tradition Pt electrode.Above in electrode, Pt
Dosage be about the 1/400 of traditional light anode.This result realizes the purpose that Pt dosage is greatly reduced.
Embodiment 3
One, the Pt that Pt content is 2.32% is prepared1/FeOx
The method used is coprecipitation (bibliography Nature Chemistry, 2011,3,634-641).Sample
Preparation carries out in aqueous solution, and chloroplatinic acid concentration is 4.09 × 10-2M, iron nitrate concentration 1.0M, sodium carbonate liquor concentration are
1.0M, reaction temperature are 50 DEG C.After fully reacting to be precipitated occurs (this process needs about 1h), sample is centrifugated, 60 DEG C dry
Dry 5h carries out 400 DEG C of sintering 5h in Muffle furnace later；Before preparation is to electrode, the sample of sintering is subjected to hydrogen reducing,
Detailed process is that (another ingredient in gaseous mixture is He gas, and effect is to carry in 200 DEG C of gaseous mixtures being passed through containing 10% hydrogen
Gas) reduction 0.5h
The Pt that the Pt content of preparation is 2.32%1/FeOxHigh-resolution spherical aberration correction transmission electron microscope photo as shown in figure 5, its
In white bright spot be Pt atom.
Two, preparation DSCs to electrode and carries out electrocatalysis characteristic test.
(1) monatomic Pt (the hereinafter referred to as Pt of 100mg iron oxide load is weighed respectively1/FeOx) and 100mg conductive black,
2ml isopropanol is added after evenly mixing, is put into ball grinder and carries out ball milling, time 3h.
(2) after the slurry for obtaining process (1) takes out, the FTO electro-conductive glass of surface cleaning is sprayed on using spray gun
On, the area of spraying is about 20cm2。
(3) sample after spraying is put into baking oven 120 DEG C of heating 4h up to monatomic Pt to electrode, scanning electron microscope is shone
Piece is as shown in Figure 6.
(4) cyclic voltammetry is carried out using three-electrode system, wherein institute's sample to be tested is working electrode, platinum filament
For to electrode, Ag/Ag+For reference electrode, electrolyte solution group becomes 10mMLiI, 1mM I2With 0.1M LiClO4, solvent is second
Nitrile, sweeping speed is 10mVs-1。
(5) test of Tafel polarization curve uses identical electrolyte, and voltage scan range is -0.8~0.8V, sweeps
Retouching rate is 10mVs-1。
It is higher than from the electro catalytic activity that peak position and Fig. 7 b current density can be seen that the sample out of Fig. 7 a reduction peak
Conventional Pt electrode.
Embodiment 4
By Pt content in embodiment 3 be 2.32% sample preparation to electrode assembling at complete DSCs device, and test
Device photoelectric conversion performance
Its assemble method is same as Example 2.
As shown in figure 8, using Pt content in embodiment 3 be 2.32% the monatomic catalyst preparation of Pt to application of electrode
Obtain preferable photoelectric conversion efficiency in DSCs, the open-circuit voltage of device, short circuit current, fill factor be respectively 0.75V,
17.14mA cm-2, 0.74, final photoelectric conversion efficiency be 9.55%, higher than under the same terms use tradition Pt to electrode
Device (efficiency 9.32%).The above result shows that being prepared using monatomic Pt to electrode, in addition to noble metal can be greatly reduced
Usage amount can also obtain excellent catalytic performance.
Embodiment 5
It to electrode and carries out being assembled into complete DSCs device using the sample preparation flexibility that Pt content in embodiment 3 is 2.32%
Part, and test device photoelectric conversion energy
(1) Pt of 50mg is weighed respectively1/FeOxWith 50mg conductive black, 1ml isopropanol is added after evenly mixing, is put into ball
Ball milling, time 3h are carried out in grinding jar.
(2) it after the slurry for obtaining process (1) takes out, is sprayed on the ITO/PEN of surface cleaning, is sprayed using spray gun
The area of painting is about 10cm2。
(3) sample after spraying is put into baking oven 120 DEG C of heating 4h to get flexibility to electrode.
(4) flexibility for being prepared process (3) using method same as Example 2 is to electrode assembling at complete DSCs device
Part.
As shown in figure 9, the open-circuit voltage of the DSCs device of the present embodiment assembling, short circuit current, fill factor are respectively
0.74V、15.61mA cm-2, 0.61, final photoelectric conversion efficiency be 7.04%.The above result shows that Pt contains in embodiment 3
Amount is suitble to preparation flexibility to electrode for 2.32% monatomic Pt catalyst.
Embodiment 6
The Pt for the use of the Pt content prepared in embodiment 3 being 2.32%1/FeOxPreparation flexibility is assembled into complete electrode
DSCs device, test device photoelectric conversion energy
(1) Pt that the Pt content prepared in the embodiment 3 of 50mg is 2.32% is weighed respectively1/FeOxWith 50mg conduction charcoal
It is black, 1ml isopropanol is added after evenly mixing, is put into ball grinder and carries out ball milling, time 3h.
(2) after the slurry for obtaining process (1) takes out, the FTO electro-conductive glass of surface cleaning is sprayed on using spray gun
On, the area of spraying is about 10cm2。
(3) sample after spraying is put into baking oven 120 DEG C of heating 4h to get to electrode.
(4) a regular square is drawn on to electrode, square area is consistent with light anode active area；
An aperture is made a call to each in angular vertex in square, aperture is about 0.5mm.
(5) light anode after taking dye sensitization, it is complete in the external application sarin film covering of light anode active area, it covers later
It to electrode and seals, determines that light anode is connected with to electrode seal.
(6) gel electrolyte, electrolyte composition are as follows: the LiI of 0.1M, 0.1mol L are prepared-1I2,0.6molL-11,2-
Dimethyl -3- propyl imidazole iodine, 0.45molL-1N- methyl sheet and imidazoles, solvent be methoxypropionitrile, gelling agent is polycyclic oxygen
Ethane (molecular weight 2,000,000), additive amount be liquid electrolyte quality 5.0% (be detailed in document Phys.Chem.Chem.Phys.,
2009,11,4230–4235)。
(6) it is connected to air pump with elastic plastic pipe, one of plastic pipe is close to the aperture on electrode, by pumping
After processing, negative pressure is generated to the space between electrode and light anode, gel is perfused from another aperture using this negative pressure later
Electrolyte, filling process are repeated 5 times, to ensure light anode and be filled with electrolyte completely to the space between electrode.
(7) uv-curable glue is coated on to two apertures on electrode, is put into ultra-violet curing case and is completed finally later
Encapsulation, 80 DEG C of heating 2h in an oven later.
As shown in Figure 10, it is tested after battery completed assembled, open-circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor and light
Photoelectric transformation efficiency is respectively 0.77V, 16.88mA cm-2, 0.68,8.83%.After 207 days place, open-circuit voltage, short circuit
Electric current, fill factor and photoelectric conversion efficiency are respectively 0.77V, 16.26mA cm-2, 0.69,8.67%.It was put by 423 days
It postpones, open-circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor and photoelectric conversion efficiency are respectively 0.76V, 16.85mA cm-2、
0.66,8.47%.It can be seen that battery device has extraordinary stability after using gel electrolyte.
As can be seen from the above embodiments, this monatomic Pt has excellent catalytic to iodine reduction reaction to electrode
Can, this use to electrode can be greatly improved the atom utilization of noble metal and reduce its preparation cost, be conducive to industry
Change process.In addition, attached gel electrolyte, the device assembled is with good stability.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of monatomic Pt is to electrode, which is characterized in that the raw material to electrode includes conductive carbon material and monatomic Pt
Catalyst, the carrier that the monatomic Pt catalyst is monatomic Pt with transistion metal compound.
2. monatomic Pt according to claim 1 is to electrode, it is characterised in that including one or more in following (1)-(5)
:
(1) the monatomic Pt catalyst is prepared using coprecipitation or chemiadsorption；
(2) before preparation is to electrode, the monatomic Pt catalyst is first subjected to hydrogen reducing；
(3) transistion metal compound is oxide, sulfide or the tellurides of transition metal element；
(4) conductive carbon material is active carbon or ultra-fine crystalline flake graphite；
(5) the mass percent 30%-50% to Pt catalyst monatomic in electrode material.
3. monatomic Pt according to claim 2 is to electrode, it is characterised in that including one or more in following (1)-(5)
:
(1) Pt mass percentage content is 1.7%~2.32% in the monatomic catalyst；
(2) the monatomic Pt catalyst is the monatomic catalyst of Pt/FeOx；
(3) mass ratio of the conductive carbon material and monatomic Pt catalyst is 1:1；
(4) the conductive carbon material partial size is 40nm~50nm；
(5) described before preparation is to electrode, the monatomic Pt catalyst is first subjected to hydrogen reducing and is referred in 200 DEG C of conditions
It is lower to be passed through the helium containing 10% hydrogen, reduction reaction 0.5h to the monatomic Pt catalyst.
4. the described in any item monatomic Pt of claim 1-3 are to the preparation method of electrode, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
(1) monatomic Pt catalyst is mixed with conductive carbon material, ball milling forms dispersion pulp after a certain amount of organic solvent is added
Material；
(2) above-mentioned dispersed paste is sprayed in clean conductive substrates, up to described to electrode after heating.
5. monatomic Pt according to claim 4 is to the preparation method of electrode, it is characterised in that including in following (1)-(6)
It is one or more:
(1) organic solvent is at least one of ethyl alcohol, isopropanol, hexamethylene；
(2) the ball milling jitter time is 3-4h；
(3) ball milling uses planetary ball mill；
(4) heat treatment is 80~200 DEG C of 1~3h of heating of temperature；
(5) conductive substrates are FTO glass, ito glass, ITO/PEN flexible substrates, metal titanium sheet or ti-alloy mesh；
(6) conductive substrates are put into ultrasonic cleaning 15min, are rinsed after taking-up with deionized water, later successively with deionized water and
Dehydrated alcohol is respectively cleaned by ultrasonic 15min, rinses the conductive substrates dried up up to the cleaning after taking-up with dehydrated alcohol.
6. the described in any item monatomic Pt of claim 1-3 to electrode area of solar cell application.
7. monatomic Pt as claimed in claim 6 to electrode area of solar cell application, it is characterised in that application method
Include:
1) aperture is made a call to each in angular vertex to electrode described；
2) light anode after taking dye sensitization, it is complete in the external application sarin film covering of light anode active area, it is covered later to electricity
Pole is simultaneously sealed, and determines that light anode is connected with to electrode seal；
3) make to generate negative pressure to the space between electrode and light anode from the pumping of aperture, later using this negative pressure from another
Electrolyte is perfused in a aperture, to ensure light anode and be filled with electrolyte completely to the space between electrode；
4) uv-curable glue is coated on to two apertures on electrode, is put into ultra-violet curing case later and completes last envelope
Dress.
8. monatomic Pt as claimed in claim 7 to electrode area of solar cell application, it is characterised in that including following
1)~6) at least one of described:
1) light anode and to electrode active area in 0.16cm2~100cm2；
2) light anode and to the gap between electrode be 20 μm~45 μm；
3) small aperture is about 0.5mm；
4) it is connected to air pump with plastic pipe, an abutting of plastic pipe is evacuated the aperture on electrode；
5) process that electrolyte is perfused repeats 3-4 times；
6) electrolyte is liquid electrolyte or gel electrolyte.
9. monatomic Pt according to any one of claims 8 to electrode area of solar cell application, it is characterised in that the gel
Electrolyte composition are as follows: the I of the LiI of 0.1M, 0.1mol L-12,0.6mol L-11,2- dimethyl -3- propyl imidazole iodine,
0.45mol L-1N- methyl sheet and imidazoles, solvent be methoxypropionitrile, gelling agent is polyethylene oxide, and additive amount is liquid electricity
Solve the 5.0% of matter quality.
10. monatomic Pt described in claim 8 or 9 to electrode area of solar cell application, it is characterised in that electrolysis
When matter is gel electrolyte, needs to put battery after completing encapsulation and heat in an oven, heating and temperature control is at 80 DEG C.
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