CN109887035A - Based on bat algorithm optimization BP neural network binocular vision calibration - Google Patents

Based on bat algorithm optimization BP neural network binocular vision calibration Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109887035A
CN109887035A CN201811366222.XA CN201811366222A CN109887035A CN 109887035 A CN109887035 A CN 109887035A CN 201811366222 A CN201811366222 A CN 201811366222A CN 109887035 A CN109887035 A CN 109887035A
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bat
neural network
hidden layer
vision calibration
node
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乔玉晶
赵宇航
张思远
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

Vision measurement binocular calibration method of the present invention belongs to optical measurement and field of visual inspection;This method including the following steps: determine the initial parameters such as the BP neural network hidden layer number of plies, Inport And Outport Node;Node in hidden layer range is determined using empirical equation, and best node in hidden layer is determined by one-way analysis of variance method;According to bat algorithm echolocation principle, the weight and biasing of BP neural network are most preferably taken, determine optimal weight and bias;Each parameter value for determining BP neural network structure is distributed pixel number according to Distributed learning object space point data, completes calibration.The method of the present invention determines node in hidden layer by one-way analysis of variance method and calculates the error that each neural network generates on training set, fitness function of the error generated using on training set as bat algorithm, the characteristics of, optimization precision few using bat control parameter of algorithm and search precision height, strong robustness, optimal initial weight and biasing are chosen to it, solve the problems, such as that current BP neural network scaling method node in hidden layer can not determine, easily fall into local optimum and convergence rate is slow.

Description

Based on bat algorithm optimization BP neural network binocular vision calibration
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical measurement and field of visual inspection, and in particular to a kind of bat algorithm optimization BP neural network is double Mesh vision calibration method.
Background technique
In recent years, machine vision and vision detection technology have been applied in many fields, such as large parts measurement, work Fields, the vision-based detections such as the detection of industry assembly line not only can be reduced labour cost, while can also improve detection accuracy, avoid by examining The human error that survey personnel generate.
In the research of common large scale structure vision calibration, research center of gravity focuses primarily on the reason of the complicated mathematical model of building By upper, and the essence of camera calibration is so that pixel is corresponding with object space point, and the intrinsic parameter in calibration process is non-linear Function, the method when solving nonlinear function using mathematical model is computationally intensive and stated accuracy is not high.Therefore, in vision mark In fixed, it is necessary to search out a kind of scaling method that can avoid complicated calculating and can guarantee precision.
In order to realize more effective, fast, accurately scaling method, this invention proposes a kind of based on bat algorithm optimization The binocular vision calibration of BP neural network, bat algorithm is with structure is simple, parameter is few, strong robustness, should be readily appreciated that and realizes The advantages that, bat algorithm is applied in Neural Network Optimization, effect is more obvious.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the invention discloses one kind to be based on bat algorithm optimization BP neural network binocular vision calibration side Method, the invention include measurement task and target analysis, and each link is to the stability of vision calibration, precision and versatility etc. Aspect has an impact.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Based on bat Optimized BP Neural Network binocular vision calibration method, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
Step a: the BP neural network hidden layer number of plies, input, output node number are determined;
Step b: determining node in hidden layer range using empirical equation, is determined by one-way analysis of variance method best hidden Number containing node layer;
Step c: optimal value is chosen to the weight of BP neural network and biasing using bat algorithm;
Step d: determining each parameter value of BP neural network structure, makes pixel number according to Distributed learning object space point data point Cloth completes calibration.
Above-mentioned bat algorithm optimization BP neural network binocular vision calibration method, the step a specifically:
Four kinds of different layers of BP neural network binocular vision models are established, determine that BP neural network is best using experimental method The hidden layer number of plies be 3.According to binocular vision calibration model, as follows, pixel is 4 when determining binocular vision calibration, Object space point is 3.
I is the quantity of video camera in above formula, and 1≤i≤2, i ∈ Z+, f are the focal length of video camera, ri、TiIt is arrived for world coordinate system The spin matrix and translation matrix of two camera coordinate system conversions, u0i、v0iIt is image coordinate system origin in pixel coordinate system Coordinate, dx, dy are distance of the pixel coordinate system in the x direction and the y direction between adjacent pixel respectively.
Above-mentioned bat algorithm optimization BP neural network binocular vision calibration method, the step b specifically:
Node in hidden layer range determines that formula is empirical equation in BP neural network vision calibration, is:
Wherein n is input layer number, and m is output layer number of nodes, L is node in hidden layer, and a is constant.
Hidden layer node determines that method is one-way analysis of variance method in BP neural network vision calibration, and distribution function is F distribution, It is:
Wherein S1、S2For the standard deviation between two samples comparing, k is the freedom degree in first group of sample, and m is second group of sample Freedom degree.
The sample of one-way analysis of variance is the performance parameter of BP neural network, is:
(1) the number of iterations;(2) runing time;(3) calibrated error.
Above-mentioned bat algorithm optimization BP neural network binocular vision calibration method, the step c specifically:
When optimizing using bat algorithm to neural network vision calibration, training data is selected, generates input layer and hidden Containing the weight W between layerijWith threshold values bj, setting bat quantity M, bat individual i, maximum impulse frequency R (i) and maximum impulse Intensity of sound A (i), bat frequency increase coefficient and are set as γ, intensity of sound attenuation coefficient α, maximum number of iterations NmaxWith search essence Spend ε, random initializtion bat individual position xi(i=1,2 ..., M), and search and be located at optimum position x* bat individual; Generate random number R1If R1When less than R (i), v is utilizedt+1 i=vt i+(xt i-*x)QiBat current location is updated, wherein QiTable Show the sound wave that i-th bat issues, vt iIndicate the speed in i-th bat of t moment, xt iIt indicates in i-th bat of t moment Position;Otherwise bat current location is disturbed, position replaces current location after disturbance;Generate random number R2, it is assumed that R2It is less than A (i) is optimized and is changed in bat current location simultaneously, then bat individual flies to updated position;If updating position Bat individual i is better than best bat in individual afterwards, then replacing current best bat individual, and according to formula At+1(i) =α At(i) and Rt+1(i)=R0(i)×(1-e-γt) adjust bat pulse frequency R (i) and pulse loudness of a sound A (i);When by one section Between run, assessment judgement is carried out to new bat group, finds out current location best bat individual and accordingly optimal location;It is defeated Function globally optimal solution and optimum individual value out, the globally optimal solution of output function, weight and threshold values as BP neural network.
Above-mentioned bat algorithm optimization BP neural network binocular vision calibration method, the step d specifically:
Hidden layer activation primitive is logarithm probability function in bat algorithm optimization BP neural network vision calibration, is:
Training method is steepest descent method in bat algorithm optimization BP neural network vision calibration, and effect is: by reversely passing The weight and threshold value for constantly to adjust network are broadcast, keeps the error sum of squares of network minimum.
Learning rate selection principle is experience selection principle in bat algorithm optimization BP neural network vision calibration, and learning rate is got over Small, indoctrination session is finer, but pace of learning can also reduce simultaneously, and learning rate is bigger, and pace of learning can be faster, but learns essence simultaneously Degree can also reduce.
The utility model has the advantages that
The invention proposes a kind of BP neural network binocular vision calibration methods of bat algorithm optimization, have studied nerve net The node in hidden layer of network scaling method determines principle and optimal selection of the bat algorithm to the weight and threshold values of BP neural network Problem, it is contemplated that fitness of the neural network error as bat algorithm, using the spy of intelligent algorithm and BP neural network structure Point is completed to binocular vision high-precision calibrating.The present invention solves current BP neural network calibration node in hidden layer and can not have Body is determining, operation when easily fall into local optimum and the slow problem of convergence rate, vision mark may be implemented by means of the present invention Fixed accuracy and rapidity, to realize that the vision calibration research of large-sized equipment is laid a good foundation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is based on the algorithm flow charts of bat algorithm optimization BP neural network binocular vision calibration;
Fig. 2 is that the present invention is based on the structure charts of bat algorithm optimization BP neural network binocular vision calibration;
Fig. 3 is that the present invention emulates grid disk angle point grid figure used;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram data after average value processing used in one-way analysis of variance method of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the mean square error comparison diagram of BA-BP (a) of the present invention Yu BP-NN (b).
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Specific embodiment one
The bat algorithm optimization BP neural network scaling method of the present embodiment, flow chart as shown in Figure 1, this method include with Lower step:
Step a: the BP neural network hidden layer number of plies, input, output node number are determined;
Step b: determining node in hidden layer range using empirical equation, is determined by one-way analysis of variance method best hidden Number containing node layer;
Step c: optimal value is chosen to the weight of BP neural network and biasing using bat algorithm;
Step d: determining each parameter value of BP neural network structure, makes pixel number according to Distributed learning object space point data point Cloth completes calibration.
Specific embodiment two
The bat algorithm optimization BP neural network scaling method of this example, on the basis of specific embodiment one, further Limit the concrete operation step of step a, step b, step c, step d.Wherein:
The step a specifically:
Four kinds of different layers of BP neural network binocular vision models are established, determine that BP neural network is best using experimental method The hidden layer number of plies be 3.According to binocular vision calibration model, as follows, pixel is 4 when determining binocular vision calibration, Object space point is 3.
I is the quantity of video camera in above formula, and 1≤i≤2, i ∈ Z+, f are the focal length of video camera, ri、TiIt is arrived for world coordinate system The spin matrix and translation matrix of two camera coordinate system conversions, u0i、v0iIt is image coordinate system origin in pixel coordinate system Coordinate, dx, dy are distance of the pixel coordinate system in the x direction and the y direction between adjacent pixel respectively.
The step b specifically:
Node in hidden layer range determines that formula is empirical equation in BP neural network vision calibration, is:
Wherein n is input layer number, and m is output layer number of nodes, L is node in hidden layer, and a is constant.
Hidden layer node determines that method is one-way analysis of variance method in BP neural network vision calibration, and distribution function is F distribution, It is:
Wherein S1、S2For the standard deviation between two samples comparing, k is the freedom degree in first group of sample, and m is second group of sample Freedom degree.
The sample of one-way analysis of variance is the performance parameter of BP neural network, is:
(1) the number of iterations;(2) runing time;(3) calibrated error.
The step c specifically:
When optimizing using bat algorithm to neural network vision calibration, training data is selected, generates input layer and hidden Containing the weight W between layerijWith threshold values bj, setting bat quantity M, bat individual i, maximum impulse frequency R (i) and maximum impulse sound Loudness of a sound degree A (i), bat frequency increase coefficient and are set as γ, intensity of sound attenuation coefficient α, maximum number of iterations NmaxAnd search precision ε, random initializtion bat individual position xi(i=1,2 ..., M), and search and be located at optimum position x* bat individual;It is raw At random number R1If R1When less than R (i), v is utilizedt+1 i=vt i+(xt i-*x)QiBat current location is updated, wherein QiIt indicates The sound wave that i-th bat issues, vt iIndicate the speed in i-th bat of t moment, xt iIt indicates in the position of i-th bat of t moment It sets;Otherwise bat current location is disturbed, position replaces current location after disturbance;Generate random number R2, it is assumed that R2Less than A (i) bat current location is optimized and is changed simultaneously, then bat individual flies to updated position;If after updating position Bat individual i is better than best bat in individual, then replacing current best bat individual, and according to formula At+1(i)=α At(i) and Rt+1(i)=R0(i)×(1-e-γt) adjust bat pulse frequency R (i) and pulse loudness of a sound A (i);Through after a period of time Operation, carries out assessment judgement to new bat group, finds out the best bat individual in current location and accordingly optimal location;Output Function globally optimal solution and optimum individual value, the globally optimal solution of output function, weight and threshold values as BP neural network.
The step d specifically:
Hidden layer activation primitive is logarithm probability function in bat algorithm optimization BP neural network vision calibration, is:
Training method is steepest descent method in bat algorithm optimization BP neural network vision calibration, and effect is: by reversely passing The weight and threshold value for constantly to adjust network are broadcast, keeps the error sum of squares of network minimum.
Learning rate selection principle is experience selection principle in bat algorithm optimization BP neural network vision calibration, and learning rate is got over Small, indoctrination session is finer, but pace of learning can also reduce simultaneously, and learning rate is bigger, and pace of learning can be faster, but learns essence simultaneously Degree can also reduce.

Claims (5)

1. being based on bat Optimized BP Neural Network binocular vision calibration method, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
Step a: the BP neural network hidden layer number of plies, input, output node number are determined;
Step b: determining node in hidden layer range using empirical equation, determines best hidden layer by one-way analysis of variance method Number of nodes;
Step c: optimal value is chosen to the weight of BP neural network and biasing using bat algorithm;
Step d: determining each parameter value of BP neural network structure, is distributed pixel number according to Distributed learning object space point data, complete At calibration.
2. being based on bat algorithm optimization BP neural network binocular vision calibration method according to one kind described in right 1, feature exists In the step a specifically:
Four kinds of different layers of BP neural network binocular vision models are established, determine that BP neural network is optimal hidden using experimental method It is 3 containing number layer by layer.According to binocular vision calibration model, as follows, pixel is 4 when determining binocular vision calibration, object space Point is 3.
I is the quantity of video camera in above formula, and 1≤i≤2, i ∈ Z+, f are the focal length of video camera, ri、TiIt is arrived for world coordinate system The spin matrix and translation matrix of two camera coordinate system conversions, u0i、v0iIt is image coordinate system origin in pixel coordinate system Coordinate, dx, dy are distance of the pixel coordinate system in the x direction and the y direction between adjacent pixel respectively.
3. being based on bat algorithm optimization BP neural network binocular vision calibration method according to one kind described in right 1, feature exists In the step b specifically:
Node in hidden layer range determines that formula is empirical equation in BP neural network vision calibration, is:
Wherein n is input layer number, and m is output layer number of nodes, L is node in hidden layer, and a is constant.
Hidden layer node determines that method is one-way analysis of variance method in BP neural network vision calibration, and distribution function is F distribution, It is:
Wherein S1、S2For the standard deviation between two samples comparing, k is the freedom degree in first group of sample, and m is second group of sample Freedom degree.
The sample of one-way analysis of variance is the performance parameter of BP neural network, is:
(1) the number of iterations;(2) runing time;(3) calibrated error.
4. being based on bat algorithm optimization BP neural network binocular vision calibration method according to one kind described in right 1, feature exists In the step c specifically:
When optimizing using bat algorithm to neural network vision calibration, training data is selected, generates input layer and hidden layer Between weight WijWith threshold values bj, setting bat quantity M, bat individual i, maximum impulse frequency R (i) and maximum impulse sound are strong It spends A (i), bat frequency increases coefficient and is set as γ, intensity of sound attenuation coefficient α, maximum number of iterations NmaxWith search precision ε, with Machine initializes bat individual position xi(i=1,2 ..., M), and search and be located at optimum position x*Bat individual;It generates random Number R1If R1When less than R (i), v is utilizedt+1 i=vt i+(xt i-x*)QiBat current location is updated, wherein QiIndicate i-th bat The sound wave that bat issues, vt iIndicate the speed in i-th bat of t moment, xt iIt indicates in the position of i-th bat of t moment;Otherwise Bat current location is disturbed, position replaces current location after disturbance;Generate random number R2, it is assumed that R2Simultaneously less than A (i) Bat current location is optimized and is changed, then bat individual flies to updated position;If updating bat behind position Body i is better than best bat in individual, then replacing current best bat individual, and according to formula At+1(i)=α At(i) with Rt+1(i)=R0(i)×(1-e-γt) adjust bat pulse frequency R (i) and pulse loudness of a sound A (i);It is run after a period of time, it is right New bat group carries out assessment judgement, finds out the best bat individual in current location and accordingly optimal location;Output function is complete Office's optimal solution and optimum individual value, the globally optimal solution of output function, weight and threshold values as BP neural network.
5. being based on bat algorithm optimization BP neural network binocular vision calibration method according to one kind described in right 1, feature exists In the step d specifically:
Hidden layer activation primitive is logarithm probability function in bat algorithm optimization BP neural network vision calibration, is:
Training method is steepest descent method in bat algorithm optimization BP neural network vision calibration, and effect is: by reversely passing The weight and threshold value for constantly to adjust network are broadcast, keeps the error sum of squares of network minimum.
Learning rate selection principle is experience selection principle in bat algorithm optimization BP neural network vision calibration, and learning rate is got over Small, indoctrination session is finer, but pace of learning can also reduce simultaneously, and learning rate is bigger, and pace of learning can be faster, but learns essence simultaneously Degree can also reduce.
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