CN109886556B - Autonomous system importance evaluation method based on structure and function characteristics - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an autonomous system importance evaluation method based on structural and functional characteristics. The method introduces the network structure characteristics of the router into the structure importance evaluation indexes of the autonomous system, so that the structure importance evaluation indexes of the autonomous system are more perfect; the scale of the IP address of the autonomous system is combined with the scale of the client group, so that the evaluation index of the importance of the autonomous system function is improved; the structural characteristics and the functional characteristics of the autonomous system are combined, so that the importance of the autonomous system is more comprehensively measured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of autonomous system importance evaluation, in particular to an autonomous system importance evaluation method based on structural and functional characteristics.
Background
An autonomous system is a set of networks managed by one or more network operators under well-defined routing policies. The large-scale internet is a complex system of thousands of autonomous systems with unique digital identifiers interconnected in various ways to achieve "global" internet communications. These autonomous systems are either consumers of internet access or providers of internet access, and internet access services are provided and consumed through commercial connections between these autonomous systems. Generally speaking, business relationships between autonomous systems can be divided into three categories, client-to-provider (c 2p) (i.e., provider-to-client (p 2c), peer-to-peer (p 2p), and peer-to-peer (s 2s) when viewed in the opposite direction, but in practice, the two categories of c2p and p2p occupy the vast majority of connections in a real network. In such a complex system, how to evaluate the importance of the autonomous system is very important.
The existing autonomous system importance evaluation methods mainly comprise the following two methods: 1) a node importance evaluation method based on an autonomous system network structure, such as degree, feature vector centrality, betweenness centrality, k-kernel decomposition and the like; 2) the importance of an autonomous system node, such as a customer base of the autonomous system, is evaluated based on the functional characteristics of the autonomous system. However, the autonomous system is composed of a plurality of routers, and at present, an evaluation method based on network structural characteristics or functional characteristics of the autonomous system is too single, so that the importance of the autonomous system cannot be embodied.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an autonomous system importance evaluation method based on structural and functional characteristics, aiming at overcoming the defect that the existing autonomous system importance evaluation method is too single and cannot reflect the importance of an autonomous system.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: an importance evaluation method of an autonomous system based on structural and functional characteristics comprises the following steps:
1) calculating a structural importance evaluation index based on the network structural characteristics of the autonomous system;
2) calculating a structural importance evaluation index based on the network structural characteristics of the router;
3) calculating a functional importance evaluation index based on the autonomous system customer group scale;
4) calculating a functional importance evaluation index based on the scale of the IP address of the autonomous system;
5) and calculating an importance evaluation index of the autonomous system based on the structural and functional characteristics.
In the technical scheme, the structural characteristics of the router network are introduced into the structural importance evaluation indexes of the autonomous system, so that the structural importance evaluation indexes of the autonomous system are more complete; the scale of the IP address of the autonomous system is combined with the scale of the client group, so that the evaluation index of the importance of the autonomous system function is improved; the structural characteristics and the functional characteristics of the autonomous system are combined, so that the importance of the autonomous system is more comprehensively measured.
Further, the method for evaluating the importance of the autonomous system based on the structural and functional characteristics comprises the following steps:
a. calculating a k-core value of the autonomous system;
b. calculating the proportion of important routers in the autonomous system in all the important routers;
c. calculating the scale of a customer group of the autonomous system;
d. calculating the proportion of the IP addresses of the autonomous system in all the IP addresses;
e. and calculating an importance evaluation index of the autonomous system based on the structural and functional characteristics.
In order to measure the importance of the nodes in the autonomous system network and the router network, the invention selects to use a k-core decomposition method to calculate the k-core value of each network node so as to measure the importance of each network node. The k-kernel decomposition method is simple in concept and low in calculation complexity, and can well reflect the importance of network nodes. In general, for a undirected network G, assume a degree of nodes as d and a minimum degree of nodes as dminThe process of k-kernel decomposition for the network G is as follows:
(1) making the degree of ownership in all nodes of the network not greater than dminThe nodes and their adjacent edges are deleted, and the deletion of the nodes and edges may cause the degrees of other nodes not to be greater than dminIteratively deleting the nodes, wherein the k-core values of the deleted nodes are 1;
(2) in this case, only the remaining degree in the network is greater than or equal to dmin+1 node, with the degree of deletion less than or equal to d again iterativelymin+1 nodes, these deleted nodes have a k-kernel value of 2, and so on, until there are no nodes in the network. The larger the k-kernel value of the node is, the closer the network node is to the center of the network, and the higher the importance is.
Further, the structural and functional feature-based importance evaluation index of the autonomous system is as follows:
wherein alpha is the proportion of the structural importance index in the importance indexes, and kaIs the k-kernel value of the autonomous system,
is the maximum value of the k-kernel values in all autonomous systems,
the proportion of important routers in the autonomous system, n, in all important routerscFor the size of the customer base of the autonomous system,
for the maximum value of the size of the customer group, p, in all autonomous systemsiThe ratio of the autonomous system IP address in all IP addresses. Since the k-kernel size and the customer base size may not be an order of magnitude, which may cause inherent preference of the metrics, are divided by
And
to perform normalization.
The invention provides an autonomous system importance evaluation index combining structural importance and functional importance, and the evaluation of the importance of the autonomous system by using network structural characteristics or functional characteristics is still relatively simple, so the invention combines the structural characteristics and the functional characteristics of the autonomous system and provides an evaluation method capable of more comprehensively evaluating the importance of the autonomous system.
Furthermore, the value range of the specific gravity alpha occupied by the structural importance index in the importance indexes is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1. When a is 0, the alpha is not zero,
representing functional redundancy of the autonomous systemEssential; when the alpha is 1, the alpha is,
the structural importance of the autonomous system is indicated. The specific value of alpha in the application depends on the specific application preference, and a uniqueness principle does not exist.
Further, the important router in step b refers to: the first 20% of all routers with larger k-kernel values.
Further, the proportion of the important routers in each autonomous system in all the important routers is calculated according to the attribution relationship between all the routers and each autonomous system.
The method for evaluating the important routers and the method for calculating the proportion of the important routers in each autonomous system in all the important routers are as follows:
calculating k-core value k of router in router network according to k-core decomposition methodrAnd all routers are set according to the k-kernel value krDescending order, selecting the ratio of the maximum k-kernel value as prThe routers are the most important nodes in the router network. Where p isrCan be selected as p according to 80/20 law (i.e., pareto's law)r20% by weight. Because there is an attribution relation between the autonomous system and the router, each router must belong to a certain autonomous system, and the proportion of the important router in each autonomous system is obtained according to the attribution relation between the routers and the autonomous system
Further, the customer group of the autonomous system refers to: the autonomous systems themselves, and all autonomous systems that the autonomous systems can iteratively arrive through a supplier-customer connection; the customer base scale refers to the number of autonomous systems in the customer base.
Further, the method for evaluating the importance of the autonomous system further comprises a method for calculating the structural importance of the autonomous system:
the structural importance index of the autonomous system is
Wherein k isaIs the k-kernel value of the autonomous system,
the proportion of important routers in the autonomous system is the important routers in all the important routers.
The invention enriches the evaluation indexes of the structural importance of the autonomous system. Because the autonomous system is composed of a plurality of routers which play an important role in maintaining the connectivity and the robustness of the Internet, if the structural characteristics of the autonomous system are used for measuring the importance of the autonomous system, the structural characteristics of the routers in the autonomous system can be ignored, and therefore the structural characteristics of the router network are introduced into the structural importance evaluation index of the autonomous system.
Further, the method for evaluating the importance of the autonomous system further comprises a method for calculating the functional importance of the autonomous system:
the functional importance index of the autonomous system is nc(1+pi) Wherein n iscSize of a customer group, p, for an autonomous systemiThe ratio of the autonomous system IP address in all IP addresses.
The invention enriches the evaluation index of the functional importance of the autonomous system. Because the relationship between the autonomous systems is a business relationship between service and served, each autonomous system has its own client group, and the autonomous systems provide guarantee for the client groups to connect to the internet, the functional characteristics of the autonomous systems have very important roles in the communication of the internet. However, the client group scale of each autonomous system is different greatly, and the functional importance of each autonomous system cannot be reflected well, so the method combines the client group IP address scale and the client group scale to measure the functional importance of the autonomous system.
Preferably, the method for evaluating the importance of the autonomous system includes the following steps:
s01, calculating a k-kernel value k of each autonomous system in the autonomous system network according to a k-kernel decomposition methoda；
S02, calculating a k-core value k of a router in the router network according to a k-core decomposition methodrSelecting k-kernel value krThe larger first 20% routers are important routers in the router network, and the proportion of the important routers in each autonomous system in all the important routers is calculated according to the attribution relations of all the routers and the autonomous systems
S03, calculating the structural importance index of the autonomous system:
s04, calculating the client group scale n of the autonomous systemc；
S05, calculating the scale n of the IP address of the client group of the autonomous systemiFurther, the ratio p of these IP addresses in all IP addresses is calculatedi；
S06, calculating the functional importance index of the autonomous system to be nc(1+pi)；
S07, calculating an importance evaluation index of the autonomous system based on structural and functional characteristics
Further, among the above autonomous system importance evaluation indexes, the larger the numerical value of the autonomous system importance evaluation index I based on the structure and function is, the more important the autonomous system is.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the advantages that:
the router network structure characteristics are introduced into the importance evaluation indexes of the autonomous system, so that the structure importance evaluation indexes of the autonomous system are more complete; the scale of the IP address of the autonomous system is combined with the scale of the client group, so that the evaluation index of the importance of the autonomous system function is improved; the structural characteristics and the functional characteristics of the autonomous system are combined, so that the importance of the autonomous system is more comprehensively measured.
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The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for evaluating the importance of an autonomous system based on structural and functional features according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an autonomous system importance evaluation method based on structural and functional characteristics, aiming at the defect that the existing autonomous system importance evaluation method only depends on the structural characteristics or the functional characteristics of an autonomous system network to evaluate the importance of the autonomous system, the evaluation index is too single, and the importance of the autonomous system cannot be embodied. The method introduces the network structure characteristics of the router into the structure importance evaluation indexes of the autonomous system, so that the structure importance evaluation indexes of the autonomous system are more perfect; the scale of the IP address of the autonomous system is combined with the scale of the client group, so that the evaluation index of the importance of the autonomous system function is improved; the structural characteristics and the functional characteristics of the autonomous system are combined, so that the importance of the autonomous system is more comprehensively measured.
Basic embodiment:
the basic method of the invention comprises the following steps:
1) calculating a structural importance evaluation index based on the network structural characteristics of the autonomous system; this may be accomplished, for example, by computing the k-kernel value for each autonomous system in the network of autonomous systems;
2) calculating a structural importance evaluation index based on the network structural characteristics of the router; illustratively, this step can be accomplished by calculating the proportion of important routers in the autonomous system among all important routers;
3) calculating a functional importance evaluation index based on the autonomous system customer group scale; this step may be accomplished, for example, by calculating the customer base size of the autonomous system;
4) calculating a functional importance evaluation index based on the scale of the IP address of the autonomous system; illustratively, this step may be accomplished by calculating the proportion of the autonomous system IP addresses in all IP addresses;
5) and calculating an importance evaluation index of the autonomous system based on the structural and functional characteristics.
In the technical scheme, the structural characteristics of the router network are introduced into the structural importance evaluation indexes of the autonomous system, so that the structural importance evaluation indexes of the autonomous system are more complete; the scale of the IP address of the autonomous system is combined with the scale of the client group, so that the evaluation index of the importance of the autonomous system function is improved; the structural characteristics and the functional characteristics of the autonomous system are combined, so that the importance of the autonomous system is more comprehensively measured.
The method enriches the evaluation indexes of the structural importance of the autonomous system. Because the autonomous system is composed of a plurality of routers which play an important role in maintaining the connectivity and the robustness of the Internet, if the structural characteristics of the autonomous system are used for measuring the importance of the autonomous system, the structural characteristics of the routers in the autonomous system can be ignored, and therefore the structural characteristics of the router network are introduced into the structural importance evaluation index of the autonomous system.
The method enriches the evaluation indexes of the functional importance of the autonomous system. Because the relationship between the autonomous systems is a business relationship between service and served, each autonomous system has its own client group, and the autonomous systems provide guarantee for the client groups to connect to the internet, the functional characteristics of the autonomous systems have very important roles in the communication of the internet. However, the client group scale of each autonomous system is different greatly, and the functional importance of each autonomous system cannot be reflected well, so the method combines the autonomous system IP address scale and the client group scale to measure the functional importance of the autonomous system.
The invention provides an autonomous system importance evaluation index combining structural importance and functional importance, and the evaluation of the importance of the autonomous system by using network structural characteristics or functional characteristics is still relatively simple, so the invention combines the structural characteristics and the functional characteristics of the autonomous system and provides an evaluation method capable of more comprehensively evaluating the importance of the autonomous system.
Examples
An importance evaluation method of an autonomous system based on structural and functional characteristics comprises the following steps:
step one, calculating a k-core value k of each autonomous system in the autonomous system network according to a k-core decomposition methoda；
Step two, calculating the k-core value k of the router in the router network according to the k-core decomposition methodrSelecting k-kernel value krThe larger first 20% routers are important routers in the router network, and the proportion of the important routers in each autonomous system in all the important routers is calculated according to the attribution relations of all the routers and the autonomous systems
Step three, calculating the structural importance index of the autonomous system:
step four, calculating the client group scale n of the autonomous systemc；
Step five, calculating the scale n of the IP address of the autonomous systemiFurther, the ratio p of these IP addresses in all IP addresses is calculatedi(ii) a Because each autonomous system has its own IP address field, the IP address scale n of each autonomous system can be calculated according to the IP address fieldsiDividing the number by the total IP address to obtain pi；
Step six, calculating the functional importance index of the autonomous system as nc(1+pi)；
Seventhly, calculating the importance evaluation index of the autonomous system based on the structural and functional characteristics
The larger the value of I, the more important the autonomous system is.
Alpha represents the proportion of the structural importance index in the importance indexes, and the value range of alpha is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1. When a is 0, the alpha is not zero,
the functional importance of the autonomous system is represented; when the alpha is 1, the alpha is,
the structural importance of the autonomous system is indicated. The specific value of alpha in the application depends on the specific application preference, and a uniqueness principle does not exist.
In order to measure the importance of the nodes in the autonomous system network and the router network, the invention selects to use a k-core decomposition method to calculate the k-core value of each network node so as to measure the importance of each network node. The k-kernel decomposition method is simple in concept and low in calculation complexity, and can well reflect the importance of network nodes. In general, for a undirected network G, assume a degree of nodes as d and a minimum degree of nodes as dminThe process of k-kernel decomposition for the network G is as follows:
(1) making the degree of ownership in all nodes of the network not greater than dminThe nodes and their adjacent edges are deleted, and the nodes and edges are deletedMay result in other nodes not being more than dminIteratively deleting the nodes, wherein the k-core values of the deleted nodes are 1;
(2) in this case, only the remaining degree in the network is greater than or equal to dmin+1 node, with the degree of deletion less than or equal to d again iterativelymin+1 nodes, these deleted nodes have a k-kernel value of 2, and so on, until there are no nodes in the network. The larger the k-kernel value of the node is, the closer the network node is to the center of the network, and the higher the importance is.
Claims (8)
1. A method for evaluating the importance of an autonomous system based on structural and functional characteristics is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) calculating a structural importance evaluation index based on the network structural characteristics of the autonomous system: k-kernel value of the autonomous system;
2) calculating a structural importance evaluation index based on the structural characteristics of the router network: the proportion of the important routers in the autonomous system in all the important routers;
3) calculating a functional importance evaluation index based on the autonomous system customer group scale: the customer base size of the autonomous system;
4) calculating a functional importance evaluation index based on the scale of the IP address of the autonomous system: the proportion of the IP addresses of the autonomous system in all the IP addresses;
5) calculating an importance evaluation index of the autonomous system based on structural and functional characteristics:
wherein alpha is the proportion of the structural importance index in the importance indexes, and kaIs the k-kernel value of the autonomous system,
is the maximum value of the k-kernel values in all autonomous systems,
the proportion of important routers in the autonomous system, n, in all important routerscFor the size of the customer base of the autonomous system,
for the maximum value of the size of the customer group, p, in all autonomous systemsiThe ratio of the autonomous system IP address in all IP addresses.
2. The importance evaluation method of the autonomous system according to claim 1, wherein a value range of a specific gravity α occupied by the structural importance index among the importance indexes is 0 ≦ α ≦ 1.
3. The method for evaluating the importance of the autonomous system according to claim 1, wherein the important router in step 2) is: the first 20% of all routers with larger k-core values; and calculating the proportion of the important routers in each autonomous system in all the important routers according to the attribution relationship between all the routers and each autonomous system.
4. The autonomous system importance evaluation method of claim 1 wherein the customer base of the autonomous system is: the autonomous systems themselves, and all autonomous systems that the autonomous systems can iteratively arrive through a supplier-customer connection; the customer base scale refers to the number of autonomous systems in the customer base.
5. The autonomous system importance evaluation method of claim 1, further comprising an autonomous system structure importance calculation method:
the structural importance index of the autonomous system is
Wherein k isaIs the k-kernel value of the autonomous system,
the proportion of important routers in the autonomous system is the important routers in all the important routers.
6. The autonomous system importance evaluation method of claim 1, further comprising an autonomous system functional importance calculation method:
the functional importance index of the autonomous system is nc(1+pi) Wherein n iscSize of a customer group, p, for an autonomous systemiThe ratio of the autonomous system IP address in all IP addresses.
7. The autonomous system importance evaluation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
s01, calculating a k-kernel value k of each autonomous system in the autonomous system network according to a k-kernel decomposition methoda；
S02, calculating a k-core value k of a router in the router network according to a k-core decomposition methodrSelecting k-kernel value krThe larger first 20% routers are important routers in the router network, and the proportion of the important routers in each autonomous system in all the important routers is calculated according to the attribution relations of all the routers and the autonomous systems
S03, calculating the structural importance index of the autonomous system:
s04, calculating the client group scale n of the autonomous systemc；
S05, calculating the scale n of the IP address of the client group of the autonomous systemiFurther, the ratio p of these IP addresses in all IP addresses is calculatedi；
S06. calculating an autonomous systemHas a functional importance index of nc(1+pi)；
S07, calculating an importance evaluation index of the autonomous system based on structural and functional characteristics
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein a larger value of the structural and functional autonomic system importance evaluation index I indicates that the autonomic system is more important.
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