CN109884564A - A kind of magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic measurement method and device - Google Patents

A kind of magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic measurement method and device Download PDF

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CN109884564A
CN109884564A CN201910220153.XA CN201910220153A CN109884564A CN 109884564 A CN109884564 A CN 109884564A CN 201910220153 A CN201910220153 A CN 201910220153A CN 109884564 A CN109884564 A CN 109884564A
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flux density
magnetic flux
saturation
core
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CN109884564B (en
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刘毅
张赫
刘思维
林福昌
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic measurement method and devices, comprising: actual measurement toroidal core is reaching the hysteresis loop H-B in depth saturation process;Hysteresis loop H-B based on actual measurement, determines the optimal value of J-A aspect of model parameter, obtains the hysteresis loop H-B ' based on J-A model;The approach to saturation magnetic flux density of section of magnetic core is modified, transition hysteresis loop H-B " is obtained;Using the section that approaches to saturation of transition hysteresis loop H-B ", the section that approaches to saturation of the hysteresis loop H-B ' based on J-A model is modified;The magnetic field strength of measuring transformer magnetic core under operation determines the magnetic flux density under current state according to modified hysteresis loop.Magnetic characteristic measurement method proposed by the present invention is modified the approach to saturation magnetic flux density of section of magnetic core, so that error of the J-A mould when describing magnetic core and approaching to saturation greatly reduces, overcome the defect of J-A model itself, improve accuracy when J-A model describes magnetic core magnetic characteristic, calculating process is simple, strong operability.

Description

A kind of magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic measurement method and device
Technical field
The invention belongs to magnetic core of transformer technical fields, more particularly, to a kind of magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic measurement side Method and device.
Background technique
In the power system, containing there are many ferromagnetic element, such as power transformer and mutual inductor, in order to more accurately describe Their working characteristics needs to carry out their equivalent model carry out precise expression, and then guarantees the peace of Operation of Electric Systems Full property and reliability.Magnetic core is the core component of ferromagnetic element, and the key of equivalent model statement is the object of magnetic core magnetic history Description in terms of reason and mathematics.
The hysteresis loop of magnetic core is the important characterization of magnetic core magnetic characteristic, by hysteresis loop, the magnetic conductance of available magnetic core The important magnetic parameter such as rate, remanent magnetization, coercivity.At present there are many model of description magnetic core magnetic characteristic, macroscopic view can be divided into Magnetization model, half macroscopic magnetization model and microcosmic magnetization model.Although macroscopic magnetization model to the fitting effect of hysteresis loop compared with It is good, but lack the description to physical mechanism;Microcosmic magnetization model considers the physical mechanism of magnetic history comprehensively, but calculates In complexity, it is not suitable for engineering reality.Domain wall of the J-A model based on ferromagnetic material is theoretical, by the micro-variations in magnetic history Comprehensively considered with macro manifestations, physical interpretation more meets the magnetic history of magnetic core, and mathematical expression form is more simple It is single, have the advantages that explicit physical meaning and calculating process are easy, is widely used in magnetic core magnetization modeling field.
Since J-A model only considers the physical process within the scope of middle downfield, i.e. domain wall replaces process and domain wall bending Process does not account for magnetic core and approaches to saturation in section the rotation process of magnetic moment in magnetic domain, in the section that approaches to saturation of description hysteresis loop When can generate biggish error, therefore, using J-A model magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic is described when, be unable to accurate description transformation The variation of device magnetic core magnetic characteristic causes occur deviation to the analysis of running state of transformer, and then influences the safety fortune of transformer Row, even results in the damage of transformer.
Summary of the invention
In view of the drawbacks of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic measurement method and Device, it is intended to which when solving to describe magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic using J-A model, approaching to saturation in magnetic core, section accuracy is lower to be asked Topic.
To achieve the above object, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic measurement method, comprising:
(1) measure annular magnetic core is reaching magnetic field strength H and magnetic flux density B in depth saturation process;
(2) according to actual measurement magnetic field strength H and magnetic flux density B, the optimal value of J-A aspect of model parameter is obtained;The feature Parameter includes: saturation magnetization Ms, hysteresis loss coefficient k, the magnetic domain coefficient of coup α, reversible degree factor c and form parameter a;
(3) according to the optimal value of J-A aspect of model parameter and the actual measurement magnetic field strength H, prediction magnetic flux density B ' is obtained;
(4) it approaches to saturation section in the toroidal core, the prediction magnetic flux density B ' is modified, obtain compensation magnetic flux Density B ";
(5) magnetic field strength of measuring transformer magnetic core under operation, in the non-section that approaches to saturation of magnetic core, according to described pre- It surveys magnetic flux density B ' and surveys the relationship of magnetic field strength H, determine the magnetic flux density under current operating conditions;It approaches to saturation in magnetic core Section determines the magnetic flux density under current operating conditions according to the relationship of the compensation magnetic flux density B " and actual measurement magnetic field strength H.
Further, in the step (3), the method for obtaining prediction magnetic flux density B ' are as follows:
(31) anhysteretic intensity M is obtainedan:
(32) according to the anhysteretic intensity Man, obtain prediction magnetization M:
Wherein, δ is direction coefficient, as dH/dt > 0, δ=1;As dH/dt < 0, δ=- 1, δMFor modifying factor, work as δ (Man- M) < 0 when, δM=0;As δ (Man- M) > 0 when, δM=1;
(33) according to the prediction magnetization M and actual measurement magnetic field strength H, prediction magnetic flux density B ' is obtained:
B '=μ0(H+M)
Wherein, μ0For space permeability, μ0=4 π × 10-7N/A2
Further, described that the prediction magnetic flux density B ' is modified in the step (4), obtain compensation magnetic flux The method of density B " are as follows:
Consider that magnetic core approaches to saturation in section the rotation process of magnetic moment in magnetic domain, so approaching to saturation section prediction magnetization in magnetic core Intensity M is small compared with actual value, utilizes the anhysteretic intensity ManPractical magnetic is characterized with the weighted value of the prediction magnetization M Change intensity, the compensation magnetic flux density B " is indicated are as follows:
B "=μ0(H+p1Man+p2M)
Wherein, p1、p2For undetermined coefficient, value should make the compensation magnetic flux density B " and the actual measurement magnetic flux density B exist Magnetic core approaches to saturation a section error minimum.
Preferably, p1It is 0.32, p2It is 0.60.
Further, the toroidal core approaches to saturation section are as follows: magnetic flux density is survey magnetic flux density B maximum value 0.3 Again to 0.95 times of corresponding magnetic field strength section;
Further, the non-section that approaches to saturation of the magnetic core are as follows: the magnetic core approaches to saturation section other than section.
Further, the magnetic core of transformer is identical as the toroidal core material.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic measuring device, comprising: J-A model calibration mould Block, magnetic flux density prediction module, magnetic flux density correction module and magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic obtain module;
The J-A model calibration module is used for measure annular magnetic core magnetic field strength H and magnetic flux density B, and according to measuring The magnetic field strength and magnetic flux density relationship arrived obtains J-A aspect of model parameter optimal value;
The magnetic flux density prediction module, for strong according to the optimal value of the J-A aspect of model parameter and actual measurement magnetic field H is spent, prediction magnetic flux density B ' is obtained;
The magnetic flux density correction module, for approaching to saturation section in the toroidal core, to the prediction magnetic flux density B ' is modified, and obtains compensation magnetic flux density B ";
The magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic obtains module, strong for the magnetic field of measuring transformer magnetic core under operation Degree determines current fortune according to the relationship of the prediction magnetic flux density B ' and actual measurement magnetic field strength H in the non-section that approaches to saturation of magnetic core Magnetic flux density under row state;It approaches to saturation section in magnetic core, according to the compensation magnetic flux density B " and surveys the pass of magnetic field strength H System, determines the magnetic flux density under current operating conditions.
Contemplated above technical scheme through the invention, compared with prior art, can obtain it is following the utility model has the advantages that
(1) magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic measurement method proposed by the present invention considers when magnetic core approaches to saturation magnetic moment in magnetic domain Rotation process, the approach to saturation magnetic flux density of section of magnetic core is modified, so that J-A mould is when describing magnetic core and approaching to saturation Error greatly reduces, and overcomes the defect of J-A model itself, improves accuracy when J-A model describes magnetic core magnetic characteristic.
(2) present invention uses order-1 linear equation, is modified to magnetic flux density, calculating process is simple, strong operability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic measuring method flow chart provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the hysteresis loop H-B ' and transition hysteresis loop H-B " for surveying hysteresis loop H-B, being obtained based on J-A model Schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is to survey the magnetic hysteresis obtained after hysteresis loop H-B, the hysteresis loop H-B ' obtained based on J-A model and amendment Loop line schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and It is not used in the restriction present invention.
With reference to Fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic measurement methods, comprising:
Step 1: measure annular magnetic core is reaching magnetic field strength H and magnetic flux density B in depth saturation process, is surveyed Hysteresis loop H-B;
Specifically, using the toroidal core of Ferrite Material, the winding that winding turn ratio is 5:5 in the two sides of magnetic core, Primary side applies the sinusoidal voltage that frequency is 1kHz, adjusts voltage magnitude, so that magnetic core is reached depth saturation, is surveyed by current probe Measure the electric current of primary side;Secondary side is opened a way, the open-circuit voltage of secondary side is measured by voltage probe, is based on Ampère circuital theorem And Faraday's electromagnetic induction law, the hysteresis loop of actual measurement is calculated, as shown in phantom in Figure 2.
Wherein, for toroidal core, Ampère circuital theorem, the calculation formula of magnetic field strength H are based on are as follows:
Wherein, N1For first side winding the number of turns, i (t) is primary side current, d0For magnetic core outer diameter, diFor magnetic core internal diameter;
Based on Faraday's electromagnetic induction law, the calculation formula of magnetic flux density B are as follows:
Wherein, u (t) is secondary side voltage, N2For secondary side winding the number of turns, h is magnetic core height, and η is the lamination system of magnetic core Number.
Step 2: determining the optimal value of J-A aspect of model parameter, make the hysteresis loop obtained using J-A model and measure The hysteresis loop error arrived is minimum;The characteristic parameter includes: saturation magnetization Ms, hysteresis loss coefficient k, magnetic domain coupled systemes Number α, reversible degree factor c and form parameter a.
Specifically, the characteristic parameter of J-A model is determined using particle swarm optimization algorithm, the step of particle swarm optimization algorithm wraps It includes: the position of each particle in random initializtion population;The fitness of current each particle is calculated and compares, fitness is optimal Desired positions of the position of individual as population, the desired positions of current particle group are the update provider of the position of each particle To;Update the position of each particle;It repeats the above steps, until the number of iterations reaches setting value.
In the present embodiment, the number of iterations is set as 1000 times, and the J-A model obtained according to above-mentioned particle swarm optimization algorithm is special The optimal value of sign parameter is respectively as follows: Ms=6.92 × 105A/m, k=2.03A/m, c=0.40, a=3.86A/m, α=9.03 × 10-6
Step 3: the magnetic field strength H of optimal value and actual measurement based on J-A aspect of model parameter obtains prediction magnetic flux density B ' obtains the hysteresis loop H-B ' based on J-A model;
Specifically, anhysteretic intensity M is calculated using formula (1)an, anhysteretic intensity characterize in the ideal case, The magnetic history of magnetic core when not having a magnetic hystersis loss solves the prediction intensity of magnetization for assisting.
Prediction magnetization M is calculated using formula (2), solves prediction magnetic flux density for assisting.Formula (2) is magnetic susceptibility table Up to formula, the intensity of magnetization is characterized with the change rate of magnetic field strength:
Wherein, δ is direction coefficient, as dH/dt > 0, δ=1;As dH/dt < 0, δ=- 1, δMFor modifying factor, work as δ (Man- M) < 0 when, δM=0;As δ (Man- M) > 0 when, δM=1;
Prediction magnetic flux density B ' is calculated by formula (3), the hysteresis loop H-B ' based on J-A model is obtained, such as solid line in Fig. 2 It is shown;
B '=μ0(H+M) (3)
Wherein, μ0For space permeability, μ0=4 π × 10-7N/A2
Step 4: approaching to saturation section in toroidal core, prediction magnetic flux density B ' is modified, obtain compensation magnetic flux density B " obtains transition hysteresis loop H-B ";
Specifically, magnetic core is not accounted for based on J-A model to approach to saturation in section the rotation process of magnetic moment in magnetic domain, and magnetic domain The rotation process of interior magnetic moment is approximately reversible process, so prediction magnetization M is small compared with actual value in the section that approaches to saturation, is based on Above-mentioned consideration utilizes anhysteretic intensity ManThe practical intensity of magnetization is characterized with the weighted value of prediction magnetization M, magnetic will be compensated Flux density B " is indicated are as follows:
B "=μ0(H+p1Man+p2M) (4)
Wherein, p1、p2For undetermined coefficient, value should make the compensation magnetic flux density B " and the actual measurement magnetic flux density B exist Magnetic core approaches to saturation a section error minimum, in the present embodiment, p1=0.32, p2=0.60, the M that will be calculated in step (3)an、M Substitution formula (4) obtains transition hysteresis loop H-B ", as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2.
Step 5: being greater than 0 part in magnetic field strength, choose the section that approaches to saturation of the hysteresis loop H-B ' based on J-A model Starting point A and terminal D chooses the starting point B and terminal C of the section that approaches to saturation of transition hysteresis loop H-B ", and A, B point are connected, and will C, D point connects, and completes the amendment that magnetic field strength is greater than 0 some hysteresis loop line;
Specifically, since compared with the hysteresis loop H-B of actual measurement, the approach of the hysteresis loop H-B ' based on J-A model is full Larger with section error, section error that approaches to saturation of transition hysteresis loop H-B " is smaller, and therefore, it is necessary to will be based on the magnetic of J-A model The non-section that approaches to saturation of hysteresis curves H-B ' is connect with the section that approaches to saturation of transition hysteresis loop H-B ".It chooses based on J-A model Hysteresis loop H-B ' goes up magnetic field strength greater than 0 part, the starting point A and terminal D of the section that approaches to saturation, and chooses transition hysteresis loop H- B " goes up magnetic field strength greater than 0 part, and the starting point B and terminal C of the section that approaches to saturation connect A, B point, and the connection of C, D point is corrected Hysteresis loop;Wherein, magnetic field strength is greater than 0 part, and the hysteresis loop H-B ' of the J-A model section that above approaches to saturation refers to: magnetic flux Density B ' is 0.3 times to 0.95 times of section for surveying peakflux density in hysteresis loop H-B;On transition hysteresis loop H-B " The section that approaches to saturation refers to: magnetic flux density B " is 0.5 times to 0.9 times of section for surveying peakflux density in hysteresis loop H-B.
Step 6: in magnetic field strength less than 0 part, choosing the section that approaches to saturation of the hysteresis loop H-B ' based on J-A model Starting point E and terminal K chooses the starting point F and terminal G of the section that approaches to saturation of transition hysteresis loop H-B ", E, F point is connected, G, H point Amendment of the magnetic field strength less than 0 some hysteresis loop line is completed in connection;
Specifically, in magnetic field strength less than 0 part, chooses the hysteresis loop H-B ' based on J-A model and above approach to saturation section Starting point E and terminal K, and choose the starting point F and terminal G for the section that approaches to saturation on transition hysteresis loop H-B ", E, F point connected, G, H point connects, and obtains modified hysteresis loop.
Wherein, magnetic field strength is less than 0 part, and the hysteresis loop H-B ' of the J-A model section that above approaches to saturation refers to: magnetic flux density B ' is 0.3 times to 0.95 times of section for surveying negative sense peakflux density in hysteresis loop H-B;On transition hysteresis loop H-B " The section that approaches to saturation refers to: magnetic flux density B " is 0.5 times to 0.9 times for surveying negative sense peakflux density in hysteresis loop H-B Section.
J-A model is describing to generate large error when hysteresis loop approaches to saturation section it can be seen from such as Fig. 3, by repairing After just, error of the J-A model when describing hysteresis loop and approaching to saturation section is greatly reduced.
Step 7: the magnetic field strength of measuring transformer magnetic core under operation, in the non-section that approaches to saturation of magnetic core, according to institute It states prediction magnetic flux density B ' and surveys the relationship of magnetic field strength H, determine the magnetic flux density under current operating conditions;It is approached in magnetic core It is saturated section, according to the relationship of the compensation magnetic flux density B " and actual measurement magnetic field strength H, determines that the magnetic flux under current operating conditions is close Degree.
On the other hand the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic measuring device, comprising: J-A model mark Cover half block, magnetic flux density prediction module, magnetic flux density correction module and magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic obtain module;
J-A model calibration module is used for measure annular magnetic core magnetic field strength H and magnetic flux density B, and obtained according to measurement Magnetic field strength and magnetic flux density relationship obtain J-A aspect of model parameter optimal value;
Magnetic flux density prediction module, for according to the optimal value of the J-A aspect of model parameter and actual measurement magnetic field strength H, Obtain prediction magnetic flux density B ';
Magnetic flux density correction module, for approaching to saturation section in the toroidal core, to the prediction magnetic flux density B ' into Row amendment obtains compensation magnetic flux density B ";
Magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic obtains module, for the magnetic field strength of measuring transformer magnetic core under operation, The non-section that approaches to saturation of magnetic core determines current operating conditions according to the relationship of the prediction magnetic flux density B ' and actual measurement magnetic field strength H Under magnetic flux density;It approaches to saturation section in magnetic core, according to the compensation magnetic flux density B " and surveys the relationship of magnetic field strength H, really Determine the magnetic flux density under current operating conditions.
In embodiments of the present invention, each module specific implementation can be with reference to retouching in above-mentioned corresponding method embodiment It states, the embodiment of the present invention will be repeated no longer.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to The limitation present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should all include Within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic measurement method characterized by comprising
(1) measure annular magnetic core is reaching magnetic field strength H and magnetic flux density B in depth saturation process;
(2) according to actual measurement magnetic field strength H and magnetic flux density B, the optimal value of J-A aspect of model parameter is obtained;The characteristic parameter It include: saturation magnetization Ms, hysteresis loss coefficient k, the magnetic domain coefficient of coup α, reversible degree factor c and form parameter a;
(3) according to the optimal value of the J-A aspect of model parameter and the actual measurement magnetic field strength H, prediction magnetic flux density B ' is obtained;
(4) it approaches to saturation section in the toroidal core, the prediction magnetic flux density B ' is modified, obtain compensation magnetic flux density B″;
(5) magnetic field strength of measuring transformer magnetic core under operation, in the non-section that approaches to saturation of magnetic core, according to the prediction magnetic The relationship of flux density B ' and actual measurement magnetic field strength H, determine the magnetic flux density under current operating conditions;It approaches to saturation section in magnetic core, According to the relationship of the compensation magnetic flux density B " and actual measurement magnetic field strength H, the magnetic flux density under current operating conditions is determined.
2. a kind of magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic measurement method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (3) In, the method for obtaining prediction magnetic flux density B ' are as follows:
Obtain anhysteretic intensity Man
According to the anhysteretic intensity Man, obtain prediction magnetization M;
According to the prediction magnetization M and the actual measurement magnetic field strength H, prediction magnetic flux density B ' is obtained.
3. a kind of magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic measurement method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (4) In, described that the prediction magnetic flux density B ' is modified, the method for obtaining compensation magnetic flux density B " are as follows:
Consider that magnetic core approaches to saturation in section the rotation process of magnetic moment in magnetic domain, utilizes the anhysteretic intensity ManWith it is described pre- The weighted value for surveying magnetization M characterizes the practical intensity of magnetization, and the compensation magnetic flux density B " is indicated are as follows:
B "=μ0(H+p1Man+p2M)
Wherein, p1、p2For undetermined coefficient, value should make the compensation magnetic flux density B " and the actual measurement magnetic flux density B in magnetic core Approach to saturation a section error minimum.
4. a kind of magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic measurement method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the undetermined coefficient p1It is 0.32, p2It is 0.60.
5. a kind of magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic measurement method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (5) Described in toroidal core approach to saturation section are as follows: magnetic flux density be survey 0.3 times to 0.95 times of magnetic flux density B maximum value it is corresponding Magnetic field strength section;The non-section that approaches to saturation of the magnetic core are as follows: the magnetic core approaches to saturation section other than section.
6. according to claim 1 or a kind of 5 described in any item magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic measurement methods, which is characterized in that institute It is identical as the toroidal core material to state magnetic core of transformer.
7. a kind of magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic measuring device characterized by comprising J-A model calibration module, magnetic flux density are pre- It surveys module, magnetic flux density correction module and magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic and obtains module;
The J-A model calibration module is used for measure annular magnetic core magnetic field strength H and magnetic flux density B, and obtained according to measurement Magnetic field strength and magnetic flux density relationship obtain J-A aspect of model parameter optimal value;
The magnetic flux density prediction module, for according to the optimal value of the J-A aspect of model parameter and actual measurement magnetic field strength H, Obtain prediction magnetic flux density B ';
The magnetic flux density correction module, for approaching to saturation section in the toroidal core, to the prediction magnetic flux density B ' into Row amendment obtains compensation magnetic flux density B ";
The magnetic core of transformer magnetic characteristic obtains module, for the magnetic field strength of measuring transformer magnetic core under operation, The non-section that approaches to saturation of magnetic core determines current operating conditions according to the relationship of the prediction magnetic flux density B ' and actual measurement magnetic field strength H Under magnetic flux density;It approaches to saturation section in magnetic core, according to the compensation magnetic flux density B " and surveys the relationship of magnetic field strength H, really Determine the magnetic flux density under current operating conditions.
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CN114236433B (en) * 2021-11-23 2022-08-30 浙江大学 Ferromagnetic material magnetic induction intensity online estimation method
CN114089013A (en) * 2022-01-21 2022-02-25 华中科技大学 Zero offset suppression method based on magnetization micro-asymmetric magnetic core group mirror image matching

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