CN109884448B - Method for quickly judging turn-to-turn fault of transformer - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for rapidly judging turn-to-turn faults of a transformer, wherein when the transformer normally operates with load, the influence of load current is removed through the differential action of fault components, and because the fault components are used, the influence of the transformer load and CT characteristics is reduced, the differential action threshold can be reduced, so that the action sensitivity of a transformer protection device is provided, and the faults are rapidly removed; when the transformer is in air-drop, the criteria of secondary harmonic and waveform break angle are integrated, when the waveform of the transformer air-drop side is not interrupted and the content of the secondary harmonic is in a certain range, the condition that a fault exists is indicated, the transformer protection device acts, and the technical defect that the protection action is started only when the turn-to-turn fault continues to develop to a differential flow to meet the action condition after inrush current disappears in the conventional method is overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for quickly judging turn-to-turn faults of a transformer, and belongs to the technical field of transformer fault removal.
Background
When the insulation of the transformer winding is damaged, the transformer can generate turn-to-turn short circuit fault, because the fault current (transformer differential current) is small and difficult to identify when the fault occurs at the initial stage, the current typical judging method is to wait for the turn-to-turn fault of the transformer to gradually develop from small to large, when the fault develops enough, the differential current of the transformer can be caused to be large, and when the differential current of the transformer meets the action condition, the microcomputer comprehensive automatic protection device of the transformer acts to cut off the switches at all sides of the transformer.
The technical defects that the response to turn-to-turn faults of the transformer is not sensitive enough, the fault is removed for a long time, and the damage to the transformer is large exist in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, solve the technical problems, and provide a method for quickly judging turn-to-turn faults of a transformer, which solves the technical defects that the response to the turn-to-turn faults of the transformer is not sensitive enough, the faults are removed longer, and the damage to the transformer is larger in the prior art.
When the transformer normally operates with load, the invention has the influence of load current, so that the fault characteristics are not obvious when turn-to-turn fault occurs at the moment, and the differential protection action is not sensitive enough. The method of the scheme is to remove the influence of the load current through the differential of the fault components, and because the fault components are used, the influence of the transformer load and the CT characteristics is reduced, the differential action threshold can be reduced, so that the action sensitivity of the transformer protection device is provided, and the fault is quickly removed.
When the transformer is in no-load operation, the waveform of turn-to-turn fault and the waveform of excitation inrush current are mutually overlapped due to the influence of the excitation inrush current, the protection device of the transformer can be locked due to the influence of the inrush current, and the conventional method is that the turn-to-turn fault is continuously developed until the difference current meets the action condition after the inrush current disappears, and the protection action is carried out at the moment. The method of the scheme is to synthesize the criteria of the second harmonic and the waveform discontinuity angle, and when the waveform of the air-drop side of the transformer is not discontinuous and the content of the second harmonic is within a certain range, the fault exists and the transformer protection device acts.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme: the method for rapidly judging turn-to-turn faults of the transformer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step SS 1: starting a transformer protection device, judging the total harmonic content, if the total harmonic content is judged to be low, performing fault component differential judgment, and reducing the K value, otherwise, switching to judging whether the transformer is empty, wherein K is a braking coefficient;
step SS 2: judging whether the transformer is in idle-throw or not, if not, exiting the judgment, entering the conventional judgment, and if yes, switching to the judgment of odd harmonic content;
step SS 3: judging the odd harmonic content, if the odd harmonic content is judged to be high, exiting the criterion, entering the conventional criterion, and if the odd harmonic content is judged to be low, switching to the judgment of the second harmonic content;
step SS 4: judging the second harmonic content, if the second harmonic content is judged to be low, exiting the criterion, entering the conventional criterion, and if the second harmonic content is judged to be high, entering the discontinuous angle criterion;
step SS 5: and judging a discontinuous angle criterion, if the discontinuous angle criterion is judged to have discontinuity in the waveform, exiting the criterion, entering a conventional criterion, and if the discontinuous angle criterion is judged to have no discontinuity in the waveform, judging to have turn-to-turn fault, and starting the transformer protection device.
As a preferred embodiment, the followingThe conventional criteria are: taking the side with the maximum absolute value of the steady-state quantity current of each side of the transformer as one end of the steady-state quantity differential protection, equivalently setting the sum of the steady-state quantity currents of the other sides of the transformer as the other end of the steady-state quantity differential protection, wherein the currents at the two ends of the steady-state quantity differential protection are I respectivelyM、IE-MAnd the steady-state magnitude differential current is denoted as IEIn which IE-M＝IE-IMThen, the action equation of the transformer steady-state differential protection is: iEI is greater than or equal tosetIn which IsetA threshold value set for steady state quantity differential protection.
As a preferred embodiment, the determining of the total harmonic content in step SS1 specifically includes: setting a harmonic total content threshold Hmax of the transformer, acquiring the harmonic total content H of the transformer in real time by the transformer protection device, comparing the harmonic total content H with the harmonic total content threshold Hmax, judging whether the transformer is in idle-casting or not if the harmonic total content H is larger than or equal to the harmonic total content Hmax, judging whether the transformer is in idle-casting or not, determining the harmonic total content to be low if the harmonic total content H is smaller than the harmonic total content Hmax, and performing fault component differential judgment to reduce the value of K.
As a preferred embodiment, the determining whether the transformer is dropped in step SS2 specifically includes: setting a no-load content threshold H1max of the transformer, acquiring the no-load content H1 of the transformer in real time by the transformer protection device and comparing the no-load content with the no-load content threshold H1max, if H1 is greater than or equal to H1max, judging whether the transformer air-drop is positive, switching to odd harmonic content judgment, and if H1 is smaller than H1max, judging whether the transformer air-drop is negative, exiting the judgment, and entering a conventional judgment.
As a preferred embodiment, the determining of the odd harmonic content in step SS3 specifically includes: setting an odd harmonic content threshold value H2max of the transformer, acquiring the odd harmonic content H2 of the transformer in real time by the transformer protection device to be compared with the odd harmonic content threshold value H2max, judging that the odd harmonic content is high if H2 is larger than or equal to H2max, exiting the criterion, entering a conventional criterion, otherwise judging that the odd harmonic content is low if H2 is smaller than H2max, and entering the judgment of the second harmonic content.
As a preferred embodiment, the determining of the second harmonic content in step SS4 specifically includes: setting a second harmonic content threshold H3max of the transformer, acquiring the second harmonic content H3 of the transformer in real time by the transformer protection device to be compared with the second harmonic content threshold H3max, judging that the second harmonic content is high if H3 is greater than or equal to H3max, entering a discontinuous angle criterion for judgment, otherwise judging that the second harmonic content is low if H2 is less than H2max, exiting the criterion, and entering a conventional criterion.
As a preferred embodiment, the judgment of the break angle criterion in step SS5 specifically includes: if the harmonic content waveform of the transformer air-drop side collected by the transformer protection device is not interrupted, the transformer is judged to have inter-turn fault, the transformer protection device is started to act, and if the harmonic content waveform of the transformer air-drop side collected by the transformer protection device is interrupted, the judgment is exited, and the conventional judgment is entered.
As a preferred embodiment, the differential fault component determination in step SS1 specifically includes: taking the side with the largest absolute value of fault component current at each side of the transformer as one end of fault component differential protection, equivalently setting the sum of the fault component currents at the other sides as the other end of the fault component differential protection, wherein the currents at the two ends of the fault component differential protection are KI respectivelyM、KIE-MAnd the differential current of the fault component is recorded as KIEWherein KIE-M＝KIE-KIMThe fault component differential discrimination equation is: i KIEI is more than or equal to KIsetWherein KIsetAnd the thresholds are respectively set for the additional conditions of the sudden change current, the negative sequence current and the zero sequence current, and K is a braking coefficient.
As a preferred embodiment, the fault component differential current is any one of an abrupt current, a negative sequence current or a zero sequence current.
In a preferred embodiment, the harmonic content is a harmonic current or a harmonic voltage.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects: firstly, the invention provides the sensitivity of the transformer protection device for inter-turn faults under a non-air-drop state by reducing the differential action threshold of fault components, and the transformer protection device can sensitively act during slight inter-turn faults; secondly, in the air-drop state, the turn-to-turn fault can be rapidly judged through comprehensive criteria of harmonic waves and discontinuous angles and is exported within 40ms, and the turn-to-turn fault is exported only when the conventional method usually needs to wait for the inrush current to retreat and the turn-to-turn fault develops to reach an action value, so that the timeliness is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The present invention is designed from the following two aspects. Firstly, when the transformer normally operates with load, the fault characteristics are not obvious when turn-to-turn fault occurs due to the influence of load current, and the differential protection action is not sensitive enough. Secondly, when the transformer is in no-load operation, the waveform of the turn-to-turn fault and the waveform of the excitation inrush current are mutually overlapped due to the influence of the excitation inrush current, the protection device of the transformer can be locked due to the influence of the inrush current, and the conventional method is that the turn-to-turn fault continues to develop to the differential current to meet the action condition after the inrush current disappears, and then the protection action is carried out. The method of the invention is to synthesize the criteria of second harmonic and waveform break angle, when the waveform of the transformer air drop side is not interrupted and the content of the second harmonic is in a certain range, the fault exists, and the transformer protection device acts.
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the following describes the technical solution of the present invention specifically: the method for rapidly judging turn-to-turn faults of the transformer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step SS 1: starting a transformer protection device, judging the total harmonic content, if the total harmonic content is judged to be low, performing fault component differential judgment, and reducing the K value, otherwise, switching to judging whether the transformer is empty, wherein K is a braking coefficient;
step SS 2: judging whether the transformer is in idle-throw or not, if not, exiting the judgment, entering the conventional judgment, and if yes, switching to the judgment of odd harmonic content;
step SS 3: judging the odd harmonic content, if the odd harmonic content is judged to be high, exiting the criterion, entering the conventional criterion, and if the odd harmonic content is judged to be low, switching to the judgment of the second harmonic content;
step SS 4: judging the second harmonic content, if the second harmonic content is judged to be low, exiting the criterion, entering the conventional criterion, and if the second harmonic content is judged to be high, entering the discontinuous angle criterion;
step SS 5: and judging a discontinuous angle criterion, if the discontinuous angle criterion is judged to have discontinuity in the waveform, exiting the criterion, entering a conventional criterion, and if the discontinuous angle criterion is judged to have no discontinuity in the waveform, judging to have turn-to-turn fault, and starting the transformer protection device.
As a preferred embodiment, the general criteria are: taking the side with the maximum absolute value of the steady-state quantity current of each side of the transformer as one end of the steady-state quantity differential protection, equivalently setting the sum of the steady-state quantity currents of the other sides of the transformer as the other end of the steady-state quantity differential protection, wherein the currents at the two ends of the steady-state quantity differential protection are I respectivelyM、IE-MAnd the steady-state magnitude differential current is denoted as IEIn which IE-M＝IE-IMThen, the action equation of the transformer steady-state differential protection is: iE| is greater than or equal toIsetIn which IsetA threshold value set for steady state quantity differential protection.
As a preferred embodiment, the determining of the total harmonic content in step SS1 specifically includes: setting a harmonic total content threshold Hmax of the transformer, acquiring the harmonic total content H of the transformer in real time by the transformer protection device, comparing the harmonic total content H with the harmonic total content threshold Hmax, judging whether the transformer is in idle-casting or not if the harmonic total content H is larger than or equal to the harmonic total content Hmax, judging whether the transformer is in idle-casting or not, determining the harmonic total content to be low if the harmonic total content H is smaller than the harmonic total content Hmax, and performing fault component differential judgment to reduce the value of K.
As a preferred embodiment, the determining whether the transformer is dropped in step SS2 specifically includes: setting a no-load content threshold H1max of the transformer, acquiring the no-load content H1 of the transformer in real time by the transformer protection device and comparing the no-load content with the no-load content threshold H1max, if H1 is greater than or equal to H1max, judging whether the transformer air-drop is positive, switching to odd harmonic content judgment, and if H1 is smaller than H1max, judging whether the transformer air-drop is negative, exiting the judgment, and entering a conventional judgment.
As a preferred embodiment, the determining of the odd harmonic content in step SS3 specifically includes: setting an odd harmonic content threshold value H2max of the transformer, acquiring the odd harmonic content H2 of the transformer in real time by the transformer protection device to be compared with the odd harmonic content threshold value H2max, judging that the odd harmonic content is high if H2 is larger than or equal to H2max, exiting the criterion, entering a conventional criterion, otherwise judging that the odd harmonic content is low if H2 is smaller than H2max, and entering the judgment of the second harmonic content.
As a preferred embodiment, the determining of the second harmonic content in step SS4 specifically includes: setting a second harmonic content threshold H3max of the transformer, acquiring the second harmonic content H3 of the transformer in real time by the transformer protection device to be compared with the second harmonic content threshold H3max, judging that the second harmonic content is high if H3 is greater than or equal to H3max, entering a discontinuous angle criterion for judgment, otherwise judging that the second harmonic content is low if H2 is less than H2max, exiting the criterion, and entering a conventional criterion.
As a preferred embodiment, the judgment of the break angle criterion in step SS5 specifically includes: if the harmonic content waveform of the transformer air-drop side collected by the transformer protection device is not interrupted, the transformer is judged to have inter-turn fault, the transformer protection device is started to act, and if the harmonic content waveform of the transformer air-drop side collected by the transformer protection device is interrupted, the judgment is exited, and the conventional judgment is entered.
As a preferred embodiment, the differential fault component determination in step SS1 specifically includes: taking the side with the largest absolute value of fault component current at each side of the transformer as one end of fault component differential protection, equivalently setting the sum of the fault component currents at the other sides as the other end of the fault component differential protection, wherein the currents at the two ends of the fault component differential protection are KI respectivelyM、KIE-MAnd the differential current of the fault component is recorded as KIEWherein KIE-M＝KIE-KIMThe fault component differential discrimination equation is: i KIEI is more than or equal to KIsetWherein KIsetAnd the thresholds are respectively set for the additional conditions of the sudden change current, the negative sequence current and the zero sequence current, and K is a braking coefficient.
As a preferred embodiment, the fault component differential current is any one of an abrupt current, a negative sequence current or a zero sequence current.
In a preferred embodiment, the harmonic content is a harmonic current or a harmonic voltage.
The core of the invention is that: properly reducing the action threshold of fault component differential through harmonic conditions; under the air drop state, the interturn fault is rapidly judged through the characteristics of harmonic waves and discontinuous angles.
It should be noted that: harmonic (harmonic wave), in a strict sense, refers to an electric quantity contained in a current and having a frequency which is an integral multiple of a fundamental wave, and generally refers to an electric quantity generated by performing fourier series decomposition on a periodic non-sinusoidal electric quantity, and the rest is a current with a frequency greater than the fundamental wave; harmonics rated at odd multiples of the fundamental frequency, referred to as "odd harmonics," such as 3, 5, 7 harmonics; harmonics rated at even multiples of the fundamental frequency, referred to as "even harmonics," such as harmonics 2, 4, 6, 8; generally speaking, odd harmonics cause more and more harm than even harmonics.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for rapidly judging turn-to-turn faults of the transformer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step SS 1: starting a transformer protection device, judging the total harmonic content, if the total harmonic content is judged to be low, performing fault component differential judgment, and reducing the K value, otherwise, switching to judging whether the transformer is empty, wherein K is a braking coefficient;
step SS 2: judging whether the transformer is in idle-throw or not, if not, exiting the judgment, entering the conventional judgment, and if yes, switching to the judgment of odd harmonic content;
step SS 3: judging the odd harmonic content, if the odd harmonic content is judged to be high, exiting the criterion, entering the conventional criterion, and if the odd harmonic content is judged to be low, switching to the judgment of the second harmonic content;
step SS 4: judging the second harmonic content, if the second harmonic content is judged to be low, exiting the criterion, entering the conventional criterion, and if the second harmonic content is judged to be high, entering the discontinuous angle criterion;
step SS 5: judging a discontinuous angle criterion, if the discontinuous angle criterion is judged to have discontinuity in waveform, exiting the criterion, entering a conventional criterion, if the discontinuous angle criterion is judged to have no discontinuity in waveform, judging to have turn-to-turn fault, and starting a transformer protection device;
the conventional criterion is: taking the side with the maximum absolute value of the steady-state quantity current of each side of the transformer as the steady-state quantityOne end of the differential protection is equivalent to the sum of the steady-state quantity currents of the other sides of the transformer as the other end of the steady-state quantity differential protection, and the currents at the two ends of the steady-state quantity differential protection are I respectivelyM、IE-MAnd the steady-state magnitude differential current is denoted as IEIn which IE-M＝IE-IMThen, the action equation of the transformer steady-state differential protection is: iE| is greater than or equal to IsetIn which IsetA threshold value set for steady state quantity differential protection.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining of the total harmonic content in step SS1 specifically includes: setting a harmonic total content threshold Hmax of the transformer, acquiring the harmonic total content H of the transformer in real time by the transformer protection device, comparing the harmonic total content H with the harmonic total content threshold Hmax, judging whether the harmonic total content is high if the harmonic total content H is greater than or equal to the harmonic total content Hmax, judging whether the transformer is in idle operation or not, determining that the harmonic total content is low if the harmonic total content H is less than the harmonic total content Hmax, and performing fault component differential judgment to reduce the value of K.
3. The method for rapidly determining turn-to-turn faults of transformers according to claim 1, wherein the determination of whether the transformers are dropped in the step SS2 specifically comprises: setting a no-load content threshold H1max of the transformer, acquiring the no-load content H1 of the transformer in real time by the transformer protection device and comparing the no-load content with the no-load content threshold H1max, if H1 is greater than or equal to H1max, judging that the transformer air-drop is yes, switching to odd harmonic content judgment, and if H1 is smaller than H1max, judging that the transformer air-drop is no, exiting the judgment, and entering a conventional judgment.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of rapidly determining the odd harmonic content in the step SS3 specifically includes: setting an odd harmonic content threshold H2max of the transformer, acquiring the odd harmonic content H2 of the transformer in real time by the transformer protection device to be compared with the odd harmonic content threshold H2max, judging that the odd harmonic content is high if H2 is greater than or equal to H2max, exiting the criterion, entering a conventional criterion, otherwise judging that the odd harmonic content is low if H2 is less than H2max, and entering the judgment of the second harmonic content.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining of the second harmonic content in step SS4 specifically includes: setting a second harmonic content threshold H3max of the transformer, acquiring the second harmonic content H3 of the transformer in real time by the transformer protection device to be compared with the second harmonic content threshold H3max, judging that the second harmonic content is high if H3 is greater than or equal to H3max, entering the discontinuous angle criterion judgment, otherwise judging that the second harmonic content is low if H2 is less than H2max, exiting the criterion, and entering a conventional criterion.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the judgment of the discontinuity angle criterion in step SS5 specifically includes: if the harmonic content waveform of the transformer air-drop side collected by the transformer protection device is not interrupted, the transformer is judged to have inter-turn fault, the transformer protection device is started to act, and if the harmonic content waveform of the transformer air-drop side collected by the transformer protection device is interrupted, the judgment is exited, and the conventional judgment is entered.
7. The method for rapidly discriminating a transformer turn-to-turn fault according to claim 1, wherein the differential discrimination of the fault component in step SS1 specifically comprises: taking the side with the largest absolute value of fault component current at each side of the transformer as one end of fault component differential protection, equivalently setting the sum of the fault component currents at the other sides as the other end of the fault component differential protection, wherein the currents at the two ends of the fault component differential protection are KI respectivelyM、KIE-MAnd the differential current of the fault component is recorded as KIEWherein KIE-M＝KIE-KIMThe fault component differential discrimination equation is: i KIE| is greater than or equal toKIsetWherein KIsetAnd the thresholds are respectively set for the additional conditions of the sudden change current, the negative sequence current and the zero sequence current, and K is a braking coefficient.
8. The method for rapidly discriminating turn-to-turn faults of transformers according to claim 7, wherein the fault component differential current is any one of a sudden change current, a negative sequence current and a zero sequence current.
9. The method for rapidly judging turn-to-turn faults of transformers according to claim 1, wherein the harmonic content is the content of harmonic current or the content of harmonic voltage.
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| CN111244894B (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2021-05-14 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Protection method and device for transformer winding turn-to-turn short circuit and storage medium |
| CN112018734B (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2024-03-19 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Alternating current line differential protection method and device suitable for flexible direct current transmission system |
| CN112986868B (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-08-31 | 成都工百利自动化设备有限公司 | Transformer state monitoring method |
| CN114844000B (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2024-03-12 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Inter-turn protection method and system for converter transformer |
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