CN109883900A - The method that single coarse aggregate determines the method for fractal dimension and determines aggregate grading - Google Patents
The method that single coarse aggregate determines the method for fractal dimension and determines aggregate grading Download PDFInfo
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- CN109883900A CN109883900A CN201910093062.4A CN201910093062A CN109883900A CN 109883900 A CN109883900 A CN 109883900A CN 201910093062 A CN201910093062 A CN 201910093062A CN 109883900 A CN109883900 A CN 109883900A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940099259 vaseline Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011020 pilot scale process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The method that the single coarse aggregate of the present invention determines the method for fractal dimension and determines aggregate grading, belongs to the field of building materials；The technical problem to be solved is that provide a kind of method for being determined the method for single coarse aggregate fractal dimension with crushing test and being determined aggregate grading with fractal dimension；Solve the technical solution of technical problem use are as follows: carry out crushing test after coarse aggregate screening, drying, statistics partial size, regrading and weighing are carried out after crushing test, then pass through the relationship distribution curve after drafting aggregate crusher less than 4.75mm particle accumulated quality and partial size, straight slope after digital simulation, fractal dimension is obtained by slope, and aggregate grading is calculated by the fractal dimension obtained；It the composite can be widely applied to the field of building materials.
Description
Technical field
The method that the single coarse aggregate of the present invention determines the method for fractal dimension and determines aggregate grading, belongs to construction material skill
Art field.
Background technique
With urbanization accelerated development and large-scale reconstruction of the old city town, building waste yield will increase year by year, it is contemplated that
To the year two thousand twenty, the newly-increased discharge building waste in China will be more than 5,000,000,000 tons.How building waste is recycled, is urban development and rock
The project that geotechnological Cheng Bixu is faced.In current building waste research on utilization, discarded concrete regeneration is studied more,
But research almost blank is recycled to discarded brick and tile.According to statistics, in building demolition rubbish, discarded concrete accounts for about 25%-
35%, brick and tile fragment (predominantly clay brick) accounts for about 45% or more, and the regeneration of discarded clay brick is urgently paid attention to.Discarded clay
For brick compared with discarded concrete, intensity is relatively low, and water absorption rate is high.The test of crushing coarse aggregates value is to measure building stones increasing step by step
Resistant to crushing ability is supported under loading condition, is that highway subgrade must do experiment project, sees that highway engineering is gathered materials testing regulations (JTG
E42 the crushing coarse aggregates value in) tests (T0316-2005), but the method is tried only for the section 13.2mm~9.5mm partial size
Test, road is 37.5mm with discarded clay brick maximum particle diameter, how by crushing test evaluate its intensity and according to crushing partial size
It is problem to be solved that distribution, which calculates its fractal dimension,.
In addition, the building waste of Urban House Demolition facts have proved it is feasible in terms of being used as roadbase and basement process, but
Building waste as roadbed filling, discard clay brick and two kinds of materials of discarded concrete from mechanical property for also with larger
Difference, the compression strength that discarded clay brick gathers materials is markedly less than discarded concrete and gathers materials, and how to determine that discarded clay brick gathers materials
Gradation standardizes that there are blank at present, and the determination of aggregate grading at present is typically all to go to select according to the recommended range that specification provides
It takes, it being capable of method according to specific material targetedly to determine gradation without one kind.
Summary of the invention
The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art, and technical problem to be solved is a kind of true with crushing test to provide
The method of one coarse aggregate fractal dimension of order and the method for determining aggregate grading with fractal dimension.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows: single coarse aggregate determines fractal dimension
Method, comprising the following steps:
The first step, coarse aggregate sieve sample preparation；
Prepare single component coarse aggregate, screening, remove needle-shaped and sheet-like particle, take any two adjacent standard square hole screens it
Between coarse aggregate as coarse aggregate sample；
Second step, the drying of coarse aggregate sample；
By the coarse aggregate sample, drying to constant weight, is cooled back to room temperature；
Third step counts partial size and is packed into examination cylinder；
Extract second step coarse aggregate sample after cooling, statistics maximum, minimum, centre three to be placed into each particle in examination cylinder
Shaft length is accurate to 0.01mm, uses formulaThe equivalent grain size for calculating each particle takes all equivalent grain sizes
Maximum number is as maximum equivalent partial size dmax, unit mm；Coarse aggregate sample is filled into examination cylinder, and measures and is fitted into rough set in examination cylinder
Expect the gross mass M of sample0, unit g；
4th step, crushing test；
The examination cylinder installed in third step is put on press machine, while pressure head being put into examination cylinder and is collected on charge level, pays attention to making
Pressure head is balanced, and wedge does not squeeze examination cylinder side wall, then starts press machine, uniformly applied load reaches within the time of 5min~10min
To total load head, the full payload is not less than the compressive ultimate strength of coarse aggregate sample, pressure stabilizing 5s, and then off-load will try cylinder from pressure
It is removed on power machine, takes out sample；
5th step, regrading and weighing；
Gathering materials after crushing is sieved with 4.75mm and the above standard square hole screen, is both needed to be sieved in 1min without obvious
Outsifting until, aggregate quality is denoted as m under sieves at different levelsi, unit g, diFor the numerical value of sieve screen-apertures at different levels, precision is accurate
To 1mm；
The miRefer specifically to the quality gathered materials between every grade of sieve and the square hole screen of smaller level-one；
6th step, the single fractal dimension that gathers materials determine；
Fractal dimension calculation formula is D=3-k, and D ∈ (2,3), wherein the calculation method of k is as follows:
The relationship distribution curve for drawing aggregate crusher particle accumulated quality and partial size, respectively with log [(m (di))/M0] it is exhausted
To value, log (di/dmax) absolute value be longitudinal and transverse coordinate, wherein m (di) it be aperture is di, unit is all under the square hole screen of mm
The accumulated quality of aggregate crusher particle, unit g, diIt is sieved to for larger square hole in the adjacent modular square hole screen that is sampled in the first step
All standard screen screen-apertures between 4.75mm square hole screen, unit mm, diFor the numerical value of sieve screen-apertures at different levels, relation
Cloth curve approximation is straight line；
It is straight after digital simulation with the relationship distribution curve of least square method fitting aggregate crusher particle accumulated quality and partial size
Line slope is denoted as k, obtains the corresponding fractal dimension D of samples taken in the first step according to k.
7th step, the method for the above-mentioned first step of repetition to the 6th step, it may be determined that go out any single coarse aggregate of particle size range
Fractal dimension, the particle size range are sieved by adjacent modular square hole screen and are determined.
The coarse aggregate of single component is discarded clay brick in the first step, or is discarded concrete, or be stone, or be
Other brittle crush solid materials.
Coarse aggregate sample is dried in the second step method particularly includes: the coarse aggregate sample is placed in tray, is put
Enter in baking oven and dry, oven temperature is no more than 100 DEG C, and the time toasted in an oven must not be less than 4h, takes out tray, is placed on band
It is cooled to room temperature in the container of lid.
The third step pilot scale cylinder internal diameter is maximum equivalent partial size dmax5-10 times, be highly maximum equivalent partial size dmax's
4-8 times, wall thickness 12mm-15mm；Before filler, vaseline or other lubricants are uniformly smeared in examination cylinder inner wall, in three times filler, often
Sub-quantity is substantially the same, and is uniformly fitted into examination cylinder, is vibrated on a vibration table after each filler, plate is covered in vibration processes, covers
Plate is no less than 3kg again, and size is consistent with examination cylinder internal diameter, vibratory compaction, and vibration is no less than 2min every time.
The square hole screen could alternatively be round-hole mesh.
The method that determining fractal dimension determines aggregate grading:
Calculate partial size be no more than j, unit be mm single aggregate grading method the following steps are included:
A, in the first step, using j, unit is that the square hole screen of mm and smaller next stage standard square hole screen screen out
Sample；
B, the second step is carried out to the 6th step, determines the fractal dimension D of screened out samplej, further according to following public affairs
Formula calculates partial size and is no more than j, and unit is the single gradation gathered materials of mm；
Wherein: diFor j, unit is that the square hole of mm is sieved to all standard screen screen-apertures between 4.75mm square hole screen, single
Position is mm, diFor the numerical value of sieve screen-apertures at different levels；dminFor the minimum grain size that gathers materials, unit mm；dmaxTo crush preceding sample
Maximum equivalent partial size, unit mm.
The present invention has the advantages that compared with prior art.
The invention proposes the methods of a kind of completely new one coarse aggregate fractal dimension of order and single aggregate grading really, and are
It can be determined completely according to specific material, specific aim is very strong, and finally determining gradation is good, provides very for engineer application
Good foundation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the relationship distribution curve of aggregate crusher particle accumulated quality and partial size.
Fig. 2 is the grading curve figure that discarded clay brick of the partial size no more than 26.5mm gathers materials.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described in detail with specific example with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Below for the discarded clay brick by partial size within the scope of 26.5mm~19mm, illustrate to determine its fractal dimension D value
Method, and determine partial size no more than 26.5mm aggregate grading method.
One, the method for determining the fractal dimension D value of discarded clay brick of the partial size within the scope of 26.5mm~19mm, step
Are as follows:
The first step discards clay brick and sieves sample preparation；
Discarded clay brick is sieved, takes the discarded clay brick between 26.5mm square hole screen and 19mm square hole screen as sample.
Second step discards the drying of clay brick sample；
Discarded clay brick sample is placed in tray, is put into baking oven that drying to constant weight, oven temperature is no more than 100 DEG C,
The time toasted in an oven must not be less than 4h, take out tray, be placed in container with cover and be cooled to room temperature.
Third step counts partial size and is packed into examination cylinder；
Extract second step discarded clay brick sample after cooling, statistics is maximum, minimum to be placed into each particle in examination cylinder, in
Between three shaft lengths, be accurate to 0.01mm, as shown in table 1, use formulaThe equivalent grain size of each particle is calculated, most
Big equivalent grain size dmax=27.54mm；Internal diameter 150mm is selected, the examination cylinder of height 100mm, wall thickness 12mm are uniform in examination cylinder inner wall
Vaseline or other lubricants are smeared, discarded clay brick sample filler (every sub-quantity is substantially the same) in three times is uniformly packed into
It tries in cylinder, and measures the gross mass M for being fitted into coarse aggregate sample in examination cylinder0=1600g.
Table 1:26.5mm-19mm discards part clay brick and gathers materials three axis partial sizes
| Specimen coding | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| d1(mm) | 23.06 | 40.41 | 37.15 | 31.70 | 22.82 | 25.02 | 33.27 | 60.76 | 45.22 | 19.28 |
| d2(mm) | 21.28 | 27.88 | 26.55 | 21.96 | 17.41 | 47.87 | 41.08 | 20.23 | 22.08 | 28.90 |
| d3(mm) | 38.26 | 15.68 | 18.41 | 20.08 | 35.16 | 9.82 | 13.83 | 17.00 | 13.78 | 36.79 |
| d(mm) | 26.58 | 26.04 | 26.28 | 24.09 | 24.08 | 22.74 | 26.64 | 27.54 | 23.96 | 27.37 |
4th step, crushing test；
The examination cylinder installed in third step is put on press machine, while pressure head being put into examination cylinder, pays attention to balancing pressure head,
Wedge does not squeeze examination cylinder side wall, then starts press machine, uniformly applied load reaches total load head 12MPa, surely within the time of 5min
5s is pressed, examination cylinder is removed from press machine, takes out sample by then off-load.
5th step, regrading and weighing；
With the standard square hole screen of 4.75mm, 9.5mm, 13.2mm, 16mm, 19mm and 26.5mm to the discarded clay after crushing
Brick sample is sieved, and until being both needed to be sieved in 1min without apparent outsifting, aggregate quality is denoted as m under sieves at different levelsi(i=
26.5,19,16,13.2,9.5,4.75), unit g, precision accurately to 1mg, is shown in Table 2；
Table 2: statistic of attribute table after preceding and crushing is crushed
6th step is discarded clay brick fractal dimension and is determined；
By fractals it is found that aggregate crusher rule can be indicated with fractal dimension, the fractal dimension of aggregate crusher
It can be by formula log [(m (di))/M0]=(3-D) log (di/dmax) calculate determination；
The relationship distribution curve for drawing aggregate crusher particle accumulated quality and partial size, respectively with log [(m (di))/M0] it is exhausted
To value, log (di/dmax) absolute value be longitudinal and transverse coordinate, relationship be distributed curve approximation be straight line, see Fig. 1；
It is straight after digital simulation with the relationship distribution curve of least square method fitting aggregate crusher particle accumulated quality and partial size
Line slope, is denoted as k=0.336, corresponding fractal dimension D=3-k=3-0.336=2.664, this D value corresponds to partial size in 26.5mm
Discarded clay brick within the scope of~19mm gathers materials.
Two, the method for discarded clay brick aggregate grading of the partial size no more than 26.5mm is determined
Gradation P (x) is calculated as follows, using P (x), di as ordinate and abscissa, grading curve is drawn, sees Fig. 2.
Wherein dmax=27.54mm, takes dmin=0, DjFrom the foregoing, it will be observed that being 2.664, calculating process is shown in Table 3；
Table 3: gradation calculating process
| di/mm | 26.5 | 19 | 16 | 13.2 | 9.5 | 4.75 | 2.36 | 1.18 | 0.6 | 0.075 |
| P (x)/% | 98 | 88 | 83 | 78 | 69 | 55 | 43 | 34 | 27 | 13 |
The nonuniformity coefficient C for the grading curve drawn outu=80, coefficient of curvature Cc=1.3, grading curve meets Cu>=5 and
Cc=1~3, it is good to verify discarded clay brick aggregate grading.
Utilize method of the invention, it may be determined that go out the FRACTAL DIMENSION of the single coarse aggregate of any particle size range (sieving with standard screen)
The gradation and grading curve of single coarse aggregate under number, and any partial size, make concrete guide for engineer application.
The embodiment of the present invention is explained in detail above in conjunction with attached drawing, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned implementations
Example, within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art, can also make without departing from the purpose of the present invention
Various change out.
Claims (7)
1. the method that single coarse aggregate determines fractal dimension, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
The first step, coarse aggregate sieve sample preparation；
Prepare the coarse aggregate of single component, screening removes needle-shaped and sheet-like particle, takes between any two adjacent standard square hole screens
Coarse aggregate is as coarse aggregate sample；
Second step, the drying of coarse aggregate sample；
By the coarse aggregate sample, drying to constant weight, is cooled back to room temperature；
Third step counts partial size and is packed into examination cylinder；
Second step coarse aggregate sample after cooling is extracted, statistics is to be placed into maximum, minimum, intermediate three axial lengths of each particle in examination cylinder
Degree, is accurate to 0.01mm, uses formulaThe equivalent grain size for calculating each particle takes the maximum of all equivalent grain sizes
Number is used as maximum equivalent partial size dmax, unit mm；Coarse aggregate sample is filled into examination cylinder, and measures and is fitted into coarse aggregate sample in examination cylinder
The gross mass M of product0, unit g；
4th step, crushing test；
The examination cylinder installed in third step is put on press machine, while pressure head being put into examination cylinder and is collected on charge level, pays attention to making pressure head
It balances, wedge does not squeeze examination cylinder side wall, then starts press machine, uniformly applied load reaches total within the time of 5min~10min
Load, the full payload are not less than the compressive ultimate strength of coarse aggregate sample, pressure stabilizing 5s, and then off-load will try cylinder from press machine
On remove, take out sample；
5th step, regrading and weighing；
Gathering materials after crushing is sieved with 4.75mm and the above standard square hole screen, is both needed to be sieved in 1min without apparent sieve
Out until object, aggregate quality is denoted as m under sieves at different levelsi, unit g, diFor the numerical value of sieve screen-apertures at different levels, precision is accurately extremely
1mm；
The miRefer specifically to the quality gathered materials between every grade of sieve and the square hole screen of smaller level-one；
6th step, the single fractal dimension that gathers materials determine；
Fractal dimension calculation formula is D=3-k, and D ∈ (2,3), wherein the calculation method of k is as follows:
The relationship distribution curve for drawing aggregate crusher particle accumulated quality and partial size, respectively with log [(m (di))/M0] it is absolute
Value, log (di/dmax) absolute value be longitudinal and transverse coordinate, wherein m (di) it be aperture is di, unit is all collection under the square hole screen of mm
Expect the accumulated quality of crushed particles, unit g, diIt is sieved to for larger square hole in the adjacent modular square hole screen that is sampled in the first step
All standard screen screen-apertures between 4.75mm square hole screen, unit mm, diFor the numerical value of sieve screen-apertures at different levels, relation
Cloth curve approximation is straight line；
The relationship distribution curve of aggregate crusher particle accumulated quality and partial size is fitted with least square method, straight line is oblique after digital simulation
Rate is denoted as k, obtains the corresponding fractal dimension D of samples taken in the first step according to k.
2. the method that single coarse aggregate according to claim 1 determines fractal dimension, it is characterised in that: the 7th step repeats
Method of the above-mentioned first step to the 6th step, it may be determined that go out the fractal dimension of any single coarse aggregate of particle size range, the partial size model
It encloses to be sieved by adjacent modular square hole screen and determine.
3. the method that single coarse aggregate according to claim 1 or 2 determines fractal dimension, it is characterised in that: described first
The coarse aggregate of single component is discarded clay brick in step, or is discarded concrete, or is stone, or is other brittle crush solids
Material.
4. the method that single coarse aggregate according to claim 1 or 2 determines fractal dimension, it is characterised in that: described second
Coarse aggregate sample is dried in step method particularly includes: and the coarse aggregate sample is placed in tray, is put into baking oven and dries, baking oven
Temperature is no more than 100 DEG C, and the time toasted in an oven must not be less than 4h, takes out tray, is placed in container with cover and is cooled to
Room temperature.
5. the method that single coarse aggregate according to claim 1 or 2 determines fractal dimension, it is characterised in that: the third
Step pilot scale cylinder internal diameter is maximum equivalent partial size dmax5-10 times, be highly maximum equivalent partial size dmax4-8 times, wall thickness 12mm-
15mm；Before filler, vaseline or other lubricants are uniformly smeared in examination cylinder inner wall, filler, every sub-quantity are substantially the same in three times,
It is uniformly fitted into examination cylinder, is vibrated on a vibration table after each filler, plate is covered in vibration processes, cover board is no less than 3kg again, greatly
Small consistent with examination cylinder internal diameter, vibratory compaction, vibration is no less than 2min every time.
6. the method that single coarse aggregate according to claim 1 or 2 determines fractal dimension, it is characterised in that: the square hole
Sieve could alternatively be round-hole mesh.
7. the method that the fractal dimension determined according to claim 1 determines aggregate grading, it is characterised in that:
Calculate partial size be no more than j, unit be mm single aggregate grading method the following steps are included:
A, in the first step, using j, unit is that the square hole screen of mm and smaller next stage standard square hole screen screen out sample
Product；
B, the second step is carried out to the 6th step, determines the fractal dimension D of screened out samplej, calculated further according to following formula
Partial size is no more than j, and unit is the single gradation gathered materials of mm；
Wherein: diFor j, unit is that the square hole of mm is sieved to all standard screen screen-apertures between 4.75mm square hole screen, and unit is
Mm, diFor the numerical value of sieve screen-apertures at different levels；dminFor the minimum grain size that gathers materials, unit mm；dmaxFor the maximum for crushing preceding sample
Equivalent grain size, unit mm.
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| CN112183308A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-01-05 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Cemented sand gravel material online identification and grading optimization method and system |
| CN112945810A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-11 | 中北大学 | Construction waste regeneration mixed aggregate gradation determination method |
| CN112986071A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-18 | 西京学院 | Loess structural potential strength determination method based on macro-micro correlation |
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| CN112945810B (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2023-10-10 | 中北大学 | Construction waste regeneration mixed aggregate grading determination method |
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