CN109883494B - Digital signal modulation and driving circuit of ultrasonic transducer and working method thereof - Google Patents
Digital signal modulation and driving circuit of ultrasonic transducer and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A digital signal modulation and driving circuit of an ultrasonic transducer comprises a digital signal modulator, an analog adaptation circuit and a programmable power driving control circuit; the digital signal modulator includes: a digital signal modulator DSM, provided inside the microprocessor U1, for modulating the digital driving signal of the ultrasonic transducer; the inverter A1 provides a signal with the phase complementary with the DSM output signal, and the two signals are matched with each other to drive the two arms of the push-pull circuit in the analog adaptive circuit to be alternately switched on and off; the digital signal modulator adopts the digital modulation signal, and has the advantages of flexible and efficient design, and can realize the modulation of any frequency, phase, pulse width and duty ratio through software, thereby greatly simplifying the realization of hardware circuits and reducing the power consumption and the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a digital signal modulation and driving circuit of an ultrasonic transducer, belonging to the technical field of ultrasonic metering and ultrasonic transducer control and application.
Background
The function of the ultrasonic transducer is to convert the input electrical energy into mechanical energy and emit the mechanical energy in the form of sound waves, or to convert the received sound wave energy, i.e. mechanical vibration energy, into electrical energy, which is electronically and digitally processed by the circuitry and microprocessor at the back end. The signal modulation and driving of the ultrasonic transducer is a circuit which generates an electric excitation signal according to the system requirement and drives the transducer to generate a required ultrasonic signal output.
The national and industry standards of ultrasonic metering equipment have strict and definite requirements on metering precision and repeatability, and consistency of mass production products, and the equipment must be capable of working normally under complex electromagnetic and acoustic interference and severe temperature and humidity environments, and adapt to different measuring media and medium component changes. In order to meet the above requirements, the measurement control circuit of the ultrasonic metering device must have good noise suppression and anti-interference capabilities, and ensure high reliability and stability of the working state on the premise of realizing high metering accuracy. As an important component of the ultrasonic metering technology, the invention ensures the metering precision and stability under various severe working environments along with an ultrasonic transducer for metering, an impedance matching circuit of the ultrasonic transducer and a high-precision digital signal processing algorithm.
Modulation modes of the driving signal of the ultrasonic transducer commonly used include amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, pulse width modulation, duty cycle modulation, phase modulation and the like. In the prior art, an analog modulation method is mostly adopted, and the main reason is that the ultrasonic transducer is mostly an analog device and cannot be directly and effectively driven by adopting a digital signal. Although the modulation modes of the driving signals of the conventional ultrasonic transducer can be realized by adopting an analog modulation mode, compared with a digital modulation method, the analog modulation method has the advantages of complex circuit, high cost and poor flexibility, and particularly when a plurality of signal modulation modes are required to be realized simultaneously in the same application, the limitation of the analog modulation method is obvious and even difficult to realize.
In contrast, the digital modulation method can be realized by software only by using a microprocessor, the required hardware materials are few, the circuit is simple, the realization cost is low, each or a plurality of signal modulation modes can be realized conveniently and rapidly, and even the precise phase modulation with high realization difficulty of the analog modulation method can be realized easily by adopting digital modulation.
However, digital modulation has the limitation that digital signal driven transducers are inefficient and difficult to adapt to different transducer devices and various operating environments and mediums.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a digital signal modulation and driving circuit of an ultrasonic transducer, which comprises an analog adaptation circuit and a programmable power driving control circuit which are matched with a digital signal modulator. The invention not only can make up the limitation of low efficiency of the digital modulation method for driving the analog transducer, meet the technical requirements of different ultrasonic transducers, adapt to various temperature, humidity and interference environments, but also can realize the design target of unified system flexibility and adaptability.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a digital signal modulation and driving circuit of an ultrasonic transducer comprises a digital signal modulator, an analog adaptation circuit and a programmable power driving control circuit;
the digital signal modulator includes: a digital signal modulator DSM, provided inside the microprocessor U1, for modulating the digital driving signal of the ultrasonic transducer; the inverter A1 provides a signal with the phase complementary with the DSM output signal, and the two signals are matched with each other to drive the two arms of the push-pull circuit in the analog adaptive circuit to be alternately switched on and off; the digital signal modulator adopts the digital modulation signal, and has the advantages of flexible and efficient design, and can realize the modulation of any frequency, phase, pulse width and duty ratio through software, thereby greatly simplifying the realization of hardware circuits and reducing the power consumption and the cost.
The analog adaptation circuit comprises a microprocessor U1, a transformer T1, a first electronic switch SW1, a second electronic switch SW2, a first rectifying device D1, a second rectifying device D2, a first input protection resistor R1, a second input protection resistor R2 and a resonance excitation loop; the first electronic switch SW1, the second electronic switch SW2, the first rectifying device D1, the second rectifying device D2, the first input protection resistor R1 and the second input protection resistor R2 together form two arms of a push-pull structure circuit, and an analog excitation signal for driving the ultrasonic transducer is induced by the transformer T1 with the middle tap.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the resonant tank comprises: damping resistor R3, resonant capacitor C1, protection resistor R4, and transducer Td.
The analog devices such as the ultrasonic transducer driven by the signals output by the digital signal modulator have low efficiency, and are difficult to meet the metering requirements of different manufacturers on different performance ultrasonic transducer devices, various limit working environments and different media, so the analog adaptive circuit and the programmable power driving control circuit are matched with the digital signal modulator, the advantages of simplicity in implementation, powerful and flexibility of the digital signal modulator are utilized, and the digital signal modulator has broad-spectrum adaptability to the transducer devices, the working environments and the media.
Preferably according to the present invention, the programmable power drive control circuit comprises a microprocessor U1, a programmable current sink G1 and a voltage source V1.
A working method of a digital signal modulation and driving circuit of an ultrasonic transducer comprises the following steps:
the microprocessor U1 adjusts the maximum exciting current allowed to pass in the primary coil loop of the transformer T1 through the programmable current sink G1 according to the detected signal amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio change, and realizes the automatic control of exciting signal power. The method can meet the requirements of the amplitude and the signal-to-noise ratio of the sound wave output signals under various working environments and working medium conditions to the maximum extent, and ensures the metering precision.
The working principle of the circuit of the invention is as follows:
when the received signal amplitude is lower than a preset value, the microprocessor U1 increases the maximum excitation current allowed to pass through in the primary coil loop of the transformer T1 through the programmable current sink G1, so that the ultrasonic transducer outputs stronger sound wave signals, the signal amplitude and the signal-to-noise ratio received by the receiving transducer are improved, and the metering requirement is met; when the received signal amplitude is higher than a preset value, the microprocessor U1 reduces the maximum excitation current allowed to pass through in the primary coil loop of the transformer T1 through the programmable current sink G1, so that the amplitude of the output sound wave signal of the ultrasonic transducer is reduced, the amplitude of the signal received by the receiving transducer is reduced, and the signal-to-noise ratio can meet the metering requirement, thereby reducing the power consumption of the system.
According to the invention, preferably, the time-dependent excitation current i (T) generates an induced electromotive force v at the primary winding of the transformer T1 p (t):
In formula (1), t is a time variable, L p For the self-inductance of the primary coil of the transformer T1, the amplitude of the exciting current i (T) is limited by a programmable current sink G1, and the induced electromotive force v in the primary coil is obtained through the coupling mutual inductance between the primary coil and the secondary coil of the transformer T1 p (t) generating an induced alternating electromotive force v in the secondary coil s (t) for ideal transformers:
in the formula (2)The turns ratio of the secondary primary coil; induced alternating electromotive force v s And (t) exciting the transducer Td through the resonant circuit to generate an ultrasonic signal and transmitting the ultrasonic signal, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the power of the output signal.
According to the invention, the voltage source V1 is preferably a programmable voltage source in order to further increase the dynamic adjustment range of the output power. The purpose of this design is to further increase the driving capability with reference to the voltage source V1 in the extreme case in combination with the programmable current sink G1.
The working principle of the programmable voltage source is as follows:
when the received signal amplitude is lower than a preset value, if the microprocessor U1 increases the maximum exciting current allowed to pass in the primary coil loop of the transformer T1 through the programmable current sink G1, the maximum exciting current is insufficient to enable the sound wave signal output by the ultrasonic transducer to meet the metering requirement, and at the moment, the microprocessor U1 controls the programmable voltage source V1 to further increase the maximum exciting current passing through the primary coil of the transformer T1 by increasing the voltage applied to the primary coil of the transformer T1, so that a higher measuring signal is excited in the transducer Td, and the signal requirement of the precise metering requirement is met.
The invention has the technical advantages that:
the whole circuit design is based on the core requirement of the metering circuit, the design targets of low signal distortion, low stray signal radiation and low power consumption are realized, and the design requirements of dynamic control of signal amplitude and flexibility and high efficiency are met.
1. In the ultrasonic flow metering technology, weak signal detection of precise metering is involved, and complex digital signal processing (DSP, digital Signal Processing) algorithms and technologies are used. Unlike conventional driving of transducers with analog modulation signals, the modulation signals of the transducers are required to be digitized in order to meet digital signal processing. This is done by a microprocessor-based digital signal modulator (Digital Signal Modulator).
2. As an analog electronic device, the ultrasonic transducer cannot be effectively driven directly by a digital signal, and an analog adaptation circuit is required as an interface of the digital modulation signal.
3. The ultrasonic flow metering equipment is required to adapt to severe working environment, has strong anti-interference capability and wide working temperature range, is applicable to different working media and media components, and is not easily influenced by impurities in the media and unstable fluid flow modes. Therefore, the driving circuit of the transducer is required to meet the requirements of high efficiency and controllable amplitude, and the intelligent programmable power driving control of the transducer is realized through the detection and perception of different working environment conditions by the microprocessor system, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of signals is ensured, various interferences are effectively restrained, and the requirement of accurate and stable metering on the signals is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a digital signal modulation and driving circuit of an ultrasonic transducer according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a signal S1 provided by the inverter A1 and complementary to the phase of the digital modulation signal S2 outputted by the digital signal modulator DSM, for controlling the first electronic switch SW1;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a digital modulation signal S2 output by the digital signal modulator DSM for controlling the second electronic switch SW2 according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a block diagram of a measurement control system applied to an ultrasonic gas meter.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples and drawings, but is not limited thereto.
Example 1,
A digital signal modulation and driving circuit of an ultrasonic transducer comprises a digital signal modulator, an analog adaptation circuit and a programmable power driving control circuit;
the digital signal modulator includes: a digital signal modulator DSM, provided inside the microprocessor U1, for modulating the digital driving signal of the ultrasonic transducer; the inverter A1 provides a signal with the phase complementary with the DSM output signal, and the two signals are matched with each other to drive the two arms of the push-pull circuit in the analog adaptive circuit to be alternately switched on and off;
the analog adaptation circuit comprises a microprocessor U1, a transformer T1, a first electronic switch SW1, a second electronic switch SW2, a first rectifying device D1, a second rectifying device D2, a first input protection resistor R1, a second input protection resistor R2 and a resonance excitation loop.
The resonant excitation circuit includes: damping resistor R3, resonant capacitor C1, protection resistor R4, and transducer Td.
The programmable power drive control circuit comprises a microprocessor U1, a programmable current sink G1 and a voltage source V1.
EXAMPLE 2,
The working method of the digital signal modulation and driving circuit of the ultrasonic transducer according to the embodiment 1 is as follows:
the microprocessor U1 adjusts the maximum exciting current allowed to pass in the primary coil loop of the transformer T1 through the programmable current sink G1 according to the detected signal amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio change, and realizes the automatic control of exciting signal power.
EXAMPLE 3,
The digital signal modulation and driving circuit of the ultrasonic transducer according to embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the time-varying excitation current i (T) is applied to the primary line of the transformer T1Generating induced electromotive force v on the coil p (t):
In formula (1), t is a time variable, L p For the self-inductance of the primary coil of the transformer T1, the amplitude of the exciting current i (T) is limited by a programmable current sink G1, and the induced electromotive force v in the primary coil is obtained through the coupling mutual inductance between the primary coil and the secondary coil of the transformer T1 p (t) generating an induced alternating electromotive force v in the secondary coil s (t) for ideal transformers:
in the formula (2)The turns ratio of the secondary primary coil; induced alternating electromotive force v s And (t) exciting the transducer Td through the resonant circuit to generate an ultrasonic signal and transmitting the ultrasonic signal, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the power of the output signal.
To further increase the dynamic adjustment range of the output power, the voltage source V1 is a programmable voltage source.
Application example,
As shown in fig. 4.
When the invention is applied to a measurement control system of an ultrasonic gas meter, in order to meet the digital signal processing algorithm and technical requirements of precise measurement, a digital signal modulator based on a microprocessor is adopted to realize the modulation of an ultrasonic transducer driving signal, so that a signal modulation circuit is simple, flexible and efficient.
According to the performance parameters of ultrasonic transducers of different batches produced by different manufacturers, the internal control parameters of the digital signal modulator are regulated, and digital driving signals which meet the performance characteristics of the transducer devices and are modulated in frequency, pulse width and even phase are output. The digital signal modulation technology of the invention can be automatically completed by the digital signal modulator based on the microprocessor only by inputting a small amount of control parameters without changing a circuit, and has the advantages of flexibility, high efficiency and strong adaptability.
The digital modulation signal drives the ultrasonic transducer through the analog adapting circuit and the programmable power driving control circuit. When the received signal amplitude is lower than a preset value, the microprocessor U1 regulates the maximum exciting current allowed to pass through in the primary coil loop of the transformer T1 through the programmable current sink G1, so that the ultrasonic transducer outputs stronger sound wave signals, the signal amplitude and the signal-to-noise ratio received by the receiving transducer are improved, and the metering requirement is met; when the received signal amplitude is higher than a preset value, the microprocessor U1 regulates down the maximum exciting current allowed to pass in the primary coil loop of the transformer T1 through the programmable current sink G1, so that the amplitude of the sound wave signal output by the ultrasonic transducer is reduced, and the amplitude of the signal received by the receiving transducer is reduced, and the system power consumption is reduced.
In summary, the invention designs an analog adaptation circuit as an interface for driving analog devices by digital modulation signals, so that the driving circuit has good adaptability to devices of different batches produced by different manufacturers. In order to adapt to a wide working temperature and humidity range and different working media, the intelligent programmable power driving control system has good inhibition on external complex electromagnetic and acoustic interference, and adopts intelligent programmable power driving control based on a microprocessor to effectively inhibit various interferences and ensure the signal-to-noise ratio of signals.
Claims (4)
1. The digital signal modulation and driving circuit of the ultrasonic transducer is characterized by comprising a digital signal modulator, an analog adaptation circuit and a programmable power driving control circuit;
the digital signal modulator includes: a digital signal modulator DSM, provided inside the microprocessor U1, for modulating the digital driving signal of the ultrasonic transducer; the inverter A1 provides a signal with the phase complementary with the DSM output signal, and the two signals are matched with each other to drive the two arms of a push-pull circuit in an analog adaptive circuit to be turned on and off alternately;
the analog adaptation circuit comprises a microprocessor U1, a transformer T1, a first electronic switch SW1, a second electronic switch SW2, a first rectifying device D1, a second rectifying device D2, a first input protection resistor R1, a second input protection resistor R2 and a resonance excitation loop, wherein the first electronic switch SW1, the second electronic switch SW2, the first rectifying device D1, the second rectifying device D2, the first input protection resistor R1 and the second input protection resistor R2 jointly form two arms of a push-pull structure circuit;
the programmable power drive control circuit comprises a microprocessor U1, a programmable current sink G1 and a voltage source V1.
2. The digital signal modulation and driving circuit of an ultrasonic transducer according to claim 1, wherein the resonant excitation circuit comprises: damping resistor R3, resonant capacitor C1, protection resistor R4, and transducer Td.
3. The method for operating a digital signal modulation and driving circuit of an ultrasonic transducer according to claim 1 or 2, comprising:
the microprocessor U1 adjusts the maximum exciting current allowed to pass in the primary coil loop of the transformer T1 through the programmable current sink G1 according to the detected signal amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio change, so as to realize automatic control of exciting signal power;
and, the exciting current i (T) varying with time generates an induced electromotive force v on the primary winding of the transformer T1 p (t):
In formula (1), t is a time variable, L p For the self-inductance of the primary coil of the transformer T1, the amplitude of the exciting current i (T) is limited by a programmable current sink G1, and the induced electromotive force v in the primary coil is obtained through the coupling mutual inductance between the primary coil and the secondary coil of the transformer T1 p (t) generating an induced alternating electromotive force v in the secondary coil s (t) pair ofThe ideal transformer exists:
in the formula (2)The turns ratio of the secondary primary coil; induced alternating electromotive force v s And (t) exciting the transducer Td through the resonant circuit to generate an ultrasonic signal and transmitting the ultrasonic signal, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the power of the output signal.
4. A method of operating a digital signal modulation and driving circuit for an ultrasonic transducer according to claim 3, wherein the voltage source V1 is a programmable voltage source.
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| WO2024011519A1 (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2024-01-18 | 深圳市汇顶科技股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic fingerprint detection apparatus and electronic equipment |
| CN115824331B (en) * | 2023-02-22 | 2023-06-16 | 青岛鼎信通讯科技有限公司 | Low-power consumption measuring method suitable for ultrasonic water meter |
| CN117168583B (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2024-01-23 | 成都千嘉科技股份有限公司 | Zero-crossing detection method and detection device for gas meter |
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