CN109882306A - A kind of modified structure for inboard wall of cylinder block - Google Patents
A kind of modified structure for inboard wall of cylinder block Download PDFInfo
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- CN109882306A CN109882306A CN201910190289.0A CN201910190289A CN109882306A CN 109882306 A CN109882306 A CN 109882306A CN 201910190289 A CN201910190289 A CN 201910190289A CN 109882306 A CN109882306 A CN 109882306A
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- coating
- protective layer
- cylinder
- cylinder block
- inboard wall
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- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to cylinder body reinforcement technique fields, a kind of modified structure for inboard wall of cylinder block are specifically disclosed, including the protective layer being arranged on inboard wall of cylinder block.The setting of protective layer of the invention is able to ascend the wearability, intensity and lubricity of entire inboard wall of cylinder block, to improve the engineering property and service life of inboard wall of cylinder block.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wear-resistant coating manufacture fields.
Background technique
Engine cylinder body (cylinder block) may include one or more casing bores for accommodating the piston of internal combustion engine.Hair
Motivation cylinder body can be formed for example by cast iron or aluminum casting.Aluminium is lighter than cast iron, and can be chosen so as to mitigate the weight of vehicle
And improve fuel economy.Aluminium engine cylinder body may include cylinder sleeve, such as cast iron liners.If without cylinder sleeve, aluminum
Engine cylinder body can include coating on cylinder holes surface.Cast iron liner usually increases the weight of cylinder body, and may cause
Hot property between aluminium rotor housing and Cast iron liner mismatches.The cylinder body of no cylinder sleeve can be with receptive coating (for example, plasma applies
Cover cylinder holes technique) to reduce abrasion and/or friction.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of modified structure for inboard wall of cylinder block, with solve to mention in background technique
Problem.
In order to achieve the above object, base case of the invention provides a kind of modified structure for inboard wall of cylinder block, including
Protective layer on inboard wall of cylinder block is set, cylinder body includes at least one cylinder body hole wall with longitudinal axis, protective layer be along
The longitudinal axis extends, and with a thickness of 5-50；The thermal expansion coefficient of protective layer is lower than cylinder body, protects layer porosity 0.2%-
5%。
The beneficial effect of this base case is:
The setting of protective layer is able to ascend the wearability, intensity and lubricity of entire inboard wall of cylinder block, to improve inboard wall of cylinder block
Engineering property and service life, protect cylinder body from wearing and/or rubbing.
Protective layer setting of the invention is namely arranged in pore structure in inboard wall of cylinder block, the advantages of this arrangement are as follows:
Thermal stress when protective layer molding can effectively be dissolved, avoid protective layer and pore structure from being detached from, and when heated, cylinder body expansion
So that pore structure reduces, and protective layer then expands outward close to the side of cylinder body, so that protective layer and cylinder body can
It is sufficiently chimeric, increase binding force, form more stable structure, and when cylinder body work, the protective layer thickness that the present invention is arranged
It is 5-50, can guarantees that protective layer has comparable heat-insulation and heat-preservation, reduces the heat loss in the hole that protective layer surrounds, passes
It leads, it is higher can either to ensure that combustion gas etc. enters rear full combustion, the thermal efficiency in cylinder bore, and can guarantee cylinder body and protective layer
The temperature of faying face integrally tends to be uniform and avoids the deformation difference of the faying face larger, also can effectively buffer temperature in borehole urgency
Drastic change influences the binding force of cylinder body and protective layer faying face, structure, so that cylinder body be kept to contact with the good of protective layer.Cylinder
When high temperature thermal response occurring in body running or pore structure, the gradient of temperature decline is generated in hole, between protective layer and cylinder body, is protected
The temperature of sheath, which increases, is typically greater than cylinder body, and the thermal expansion coefficient that protective layer is arranged in the present invention is lower than cylinder body, protective layer with
The deformation quantity of cylinder body integrally approaches, that is, is conducive to the two equivalent deformation, this, which can largely reduce temperature and increase, causes cylinder
Body and protective layer faying face is axially displaced, binding force declines caused by cylinder body Radial creep, conversely, if the thermal expansion of protective layer
Coefficient is equal to or over cylinder body, and when the temperature increases, the deformation quantity of protective layer entirety is naturally larger than cylinder body deformation quantity, leads to cylinder
The creep and cylinder body of body and the axially displaced phenomenon of protective layer faying face cause cylinder body and protective layer binding force to decline；
Cylinder body is particularly evident when being light metal or light metal alloy material.The set-up mode of protective layer can be used for repairing cylinder block one
The cylinder body of class.Protective layer high temperature resistance is improved by adjusting the attribute of protective layer material, cylinder body is can protect and is fired from fuel
The direct effect for burning the instantaneous high-temperature generated, avoids cylinder body scaling loss；Protective layer is significantly less thick than the protective case of cylinder sleeve one kind, is conducive to
The waste heat generated in cylinder body is quickly exported to and then is guaranteed normal working temperature, the service life of cylinder body, this is in engine cylinder body
It is prominent using upper effect.
The rising of protective layer hole normally results in wearability reduction, protective layer strength reduction, the protective layer hole in the present invention
Gap rate 0.2%-5% had not only ensured protective layer deposition efficiency, protective layer binding force, but also obtained appropriate protection layer porosity, and
Protective layer hole is the non-through microcellular structure of disorder distribution, can be used to store lubricant medium, cylinder body, guarantor when cylinder body work
Sheath temperature increases, and protective layer entity part expands to which the lubricant medium in protective layer hole is squeezed out protective layer,
To which when protective layer forms lubricating film, and cylinder body, protective layer temperature reduce, protective layer entity part shrinks and becomes hole
Greatly, and then lubricant medium of attracting deposit, to be conducive to the holding of greasy property, the setting of protective layer can also improve the wetting of lubricating oil
Property, the main function for improving wetability are can to make lubricating oil preferably to form oil film, and can be uniform and stable it is attached
On its surface, thinner more stable oil film is faster formed.If wetability is poor, it will lead to lubricating oil and be easy to be lost, lubricity
Decline, lubricating oil usage amount are big；In addition, protective layer can also be effectively reduced in the protection layer porosity restriction of 0.2%-5% of the present invention
The thermal expansion coefficient of material, conducive to condition of high temperature lower protective layer, the realization of cylinder body equivalent deformation.
Further, pore size is 0.1-100 μm.
Further, protective layer thickness is 10 to 30.It is too thick not have effect, it is easy when being processed if too thin by the top gem of a girdle-pendant
It is destroyed when the machinings such as mill, processing external force；Thickness has an impact to thermal stress, and thickness is bigger, and protective layer thermal stress correspondinglys increase, and leads
The binding force of protective layer and cylinder body is caused to decline.
Further, combination is mechanical bond.
Further, protective layer and cylinder body binding force are at least 30MPa.
Further, alloy or carbide or oxide ceramics or self-lubricating material or nitride or carbon nitrogen are contained in protective layer
Compound or DLC or intermetallic compound.
Further, the inboard wall of cylinder block surface roughness is more than or equal to 10um.
Further, the protective layer intermediate region has bigger be averaged than one or both of protective layer end regions
Porosity.
It further, further include micro metallurgic bonding.The mode of micro metallurgic bonding is able to ascend the knot between cylinder body and protective layer
With joint efforts.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is metallographic microscope of the protective layer in conjunction with cylinder body in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below by the further details of explanation of specific embodiment:
In at least one embodiment, the protective layer in the present invention is coating, and cylinder body is engine cylinder body or cylinder block.Engine
Cylinder body may include one or more casing bores, and casing bore may be structured to accommodate the piston of internal combustion engine.Engine cylinder body
Main body can be formed by any suitable light metal or light metal alloy material (such as, aluminium, magnesium, titanium or their alloy).?
In another embodiment, engine cylinder body can be formed by cast iron materials.
In at least one embodiment, engine cylinder body is the engine cylinder body of no cylinder sleeve.In these embodiments, cylinder holes
On can have coating.
In at least one embodiment, engine cylinder body may include the cylinder sleeve for being inserted into or being cast into casing bore.Cylinder sleeve can
To be the hollow cylinder or pipe with outer surface, inner surface and wall thickness.Inside surface roughness is more than or equal to 10 μm；Coating with it is interior
Surface binding force is at least 30MPa, and combination is mechanical bond or micro metallurgic bonding, and based on mechanical bond, there may be micro-
Metallurgical bonding.
If the fertile material (parent material) of engine cylinder body is aluminium, iron cylinder sleeve or coating can be set
It sets in casing bore and provides increased intensity, rigidity, wearability or other characteristics for casing bore, such as corrosion resistance (such as
The corrosivity of bio-fuel).For example, iron cylinder sleeve can be cast after engine cylinder body (for example, passing through casting) formation
Enter to engine cylinder body or is pressed into casing bore.In another example, aluminum casing bore can be no cylinder sleeve, but can be
Engine cylinder body has been formed after (for example, passing through casting) to aluminum casing bore applying coating.In another embodiment, it sends out
The fertile material of motivation cylinder body can be aluminium or magnesium, and aluminum or magnesium cylinder sleeve can be inserted into or be cast into engine cylinder hole, and cylinder body can
Think the cylinder sleeve of aluminum or magnesium.
Therefore, the cylinder holes surface of casing bore can form in various ways and can be formed by a variety of materials.For example, cylinder
Hole surface can be Cast Iron Surface (for example, from cast iron engine block or Cast iron liner) or aluminium surface (for example, from no cylinder
The aluminium rotor housing or aluminum cylinder sleeve of set) either magnesium surface (for example, magnesium cylinder body or magnesium cylinder sleeve from no cylinder sleeve) or titanium
Surface (for example, titanium cylinder body or titanium cylinder sleeve from no cylinder sleeve).Disclosed variable coating can be applied to any suitable
Cylinder holes surface, therefore, term " cylinder holes surface " can be applied to no cylinder sleeve cylinder body surface or be applied to (for example,
By being interference fitted or passing through castingin) surface of the cylinder sleeve in casing bore or sleeve is set.
The disclosure can be applied to include matrix any object, the matrix include have longitudinal axis at least one cunning
Dynamic surface wall.At least protective layer can be increasing material protective layer in one embodiment, can repair the defect of matrix surface, example
Such as: abrasion, scuffing, sand holes, pin hole, damage.Before applying coating, cylinder holes surface roughening can be made.Make cylinder holes surface
The bonding or bond strength of coating and cylinder holes can be improved in roughening.Roughening process can be mechanically roughened technique, such as
Use tool, sandblasting or water jet with cutting edge.Other roughening operations may include etching (for example, chemistry or plasma
Body), spark/electric discharge or other.In an illustrated embodiment, roughening process can be multiple steps.In the first step, may be used
To remove the material on cylinder holes surface, to form protrusion.In the second step, thus it is possible to vary protrusion has the outstanding of undercutting to be formed
Stretch protrusion.Any suitable technique (such as rolling, cutting, milling, compacting, sandblasting or other) can be used to change protrusion.
Roughened cylinder holes surface can be applied a layer to.In one embodiment, protective layer can be spray-on coating, example
Such as hot-spraying coating.The non-limiting example that can be used to form the plasma spray technology of coating may include plasma spray coating, explosion
Spraying, electric arc spraying (for example, plasma transferred arc power or PTWA), flame-spraying, high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying, high temperature
Spraying or cold spraying.Also other paint-on techniques, such as plating, Brush Plating, chemical plating, magnetron sputtering technique, electrophoresis can be used
The method of coating, sol-gal process, laser melting coating, vapor deposition (for example, PVD or CVD) or chemical composition coating.At at least one
In embodiment, protective layer is the coating formed by electric arc spraying.Coating technology should be not limited to coating, further include hardened layer, packet
It includes using ion implantation technique, chemical heat treatment technology, electron beam surface reinforcement technique, ion beam surface strengthening technology, conversion
Membrane technology, in-situ preparation etc., surface remelting technology can reduce porosity.
The equipment for spray-on coating can be provided, which can be the thermal spraying apparatus including spraying torch.Spraying torch can be with
Including spraying torch parameter, such as spray distance, atomization pressure, electric current, air pressure, wire feed rate and spray torch transverse moving speed.
Spray torch parameter can be it is variable so that they spray torch operation during be adjustable or variable.The equipment may include
Controller can be programmed or configured to that spray torch parameter is controlled and changed during the operation of spray torch.Such as further below in detail
Carefully describe, controller can be configured as change spray torch parameter with along longitudinal direction and/or depth direction adjust protective layer hole
Rate, binding force and deposition.Controller may include one or more system for computer, can be configured as and passes through peace
Dress software on this system, firmware, hardware or combinations thereof execute specific operation or movement, the software, firmware, hardware
Or combinations thereof so that the system is executed disclosed movement in operation.One or more computer programs can be configured as
Specific operation or movement are executed by including instruction, described instruction makes the equipment execute institute when being executed by controller
State movement.
Protective layer can be for engine cylinder body casing bore provide enough intensity, rigidity, density, wear-resisting property, friction,
Any suitable coating of fatigue strength and/or thermal conductivity.In at least one embodiment, coating can be iron or steel coating.
The non-limiting example of suitable composition of steel may include any AISI/SAE steel grade of from 1010 to 4130 steel.Steel is also possible to
Stainless steel those of in stainless steel, such as AISI/SAE 400 serial (such as 420).It is also possible, however, to use other composition of steel.
Coating is not limited to iron or steel, and can be by other metals or nonmetallic formation or including other metals or nonmetallic.For example, applying
Layer can be ceramic coating, polymer coating or amorphous carbon coating (such as DLC or the like).Coating is not limited to ferrous alloy
Or nickel-base alloy, and can be formed by other alloys or be combined including other metals or nonmetallic one or more
It is formed, such as carbide or nitride or carbonitride or boride or DLC.
Therefore, types of coatings and ingredient can change according to application and desired characteristic.In addition, can be in casing bore
There are a variety of types of coatings.For example, different types of coatings (for example, ingredient) can be applied to casing bore different zones (under
Face is more fully described) and/or types of coatings can be according to the change in depth of entire coating (for example, coating can be made from dead-soft
Cylinder body excessively arrives the coating of high rigidity, and the durability of such coating is more preferable；It further include some functional gradient changes).Protection
Nonmetallic materials, such as the addition of carbide can also be added in layer, the hardness and wearability of protective layer can be improved, simultaneously also
The porosity of protective layer may be improved, the addition of carbide can be improved the wetability and porosity of protective layer.Protective layer
In can also add oxide, the effect of oxide is not limited to improve the wear-resisting property and corrosion resistance of material, can also mention
For thermal boundary performance, i.e. the performance of heat transfer in reduction material, such as the protective layer containing zirconium oxide can be improved casing bore
The upper limit of operating temperature.Solid self lubricant material, such as graphite, molybdenum sulfide etc. can also be added in protective layer, can reduce guarantor
The coefficient of friction of sheath improves wear-resisting property, while can also improve the performance of cylinder, for example improves output power, reduces consumption
Oil mass still has lubricity when can not forming oil film under mal-condition.And the introducing of self-lubricating material can improve material
The porosity of material, to further promote the greasy property of protective layer.Surface remelting technology can be Alloy by Laser Surface Remelting, intermediate frequency
The modes such as quenching, high-frequency quenching, flame spray welding can reduce the porosity of protective layer by surface remelting technology, improve wear-resisting
Property and (or) hardness, can improve the bond strength of protective layer and cylinder body；Protective layer and cylinder body metallurgy may be implemented in control parameter
In conjunction with original combination can also be kept.Metallurgical bonding can make the combination of protective layer and cylinder body even closer.Surface
Technology For Remelting can make Alloy by Laser Surface Remelting, mid frequency induction hardening and high-frequency quenching, the modes such as flame spray welding, that is, be added using a kind of
Hot mode, makes the technology of surface melted by heat, and technical characterstic is energy density height, can quickly make surface melting and cylinder body not by
It influences.This technology is exactly surface remelting technology.The porosity of protective layer, control parameter can be reduced by surface remelting technology
Protective layer and cylinder body metallurgical bonding may be implemented, original combination can also be kept.Metallurgical bonding can make protective layer
And the combination of cylinder body is even closer.Wearability usually can be improved in Technology For Remelting, improves hardness.
In at least one embodiment, hole can be added by machine or chemical attack obtains.
At least in one embodiment, the manufacturing method of protective layer can be electric arc spraying, protective layer can make one layer or
Person's multilayer, such as electric arc spraying thickness in monolayer are 10 μm, and protective layer thickness is 50 μm, and protective layer is of five storeys altogether, every layer of protective layer
Material can be different, such as bottom be to improve the prime coat layer of protective layer binding force (metals such as MCrAlY, M Co, Ni are first
Element), the second layer is thermal barrier coating metal oxide (ZrO2、SiO2Deng), third layer is 67% thermal barrier coatings and 33% wearing layer
(ferrous alloy layer, nickel base alloy layer etc.), the 4th layer be 33% thermal barrier coatings and 67% wearing layer, layer 5 be 100% it is wear-resisting
Layer.Wherein multi-protective layer is not limited to a kind of this variation.In one embodiment, the region can correspond to coating painting
The thickness of coating single layer when layer.For example, if five layers of PTWA of deposition and every layer are with 10 μm of thickness, total painting thickness
Degree can be 50 μm.Protective layer material ingredient can be adjusted during each, some or all of layer depositions.For example, different materials
Material ingredient can increase in each succeeding layer, so that the table of certain in protective layer or several ingredients from the interface to coating
Face increases continuously.Alternatively, some layers can be formed to have identical material composition, so that from the interface to the surface of coating
There are the steps of material composition.The material composition content of coating can also be discrete region, and different layers of material compositions are complete
Complete different, for example, bottom is NiCrAlY prime coat, the second layer is ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings, and third layer is WC wearing layer, and effect is
Acquisition binding force is good, the protective layer with thermal boundary and wear-resisting two kinds of performances.
During the stroke of piston in casing bore, andfrictional conditions can the position based on crankangle (crank shaft angle) or piston
And/or speed and change.For example, piston is in stroke when piston is at or approximately at top dead centre (TDC) and/or lower dead center (BDC)
Top and the speed of bottommost (for example, near crankangle of 0 degree and 180 degree) can be small or be zero.When piston is in
Or when close to TDC or BDC, andfrictional conditions can be boundary friction, wherein on piston and cylinder holes surface (or when being coated with coating
Coating surface) between there are asperity contacts.When piston in the middle section of cylinder holes length/height (for example, crankangle is big
Between about 35 degree to 145 degree) when moving at a relatively high speed, andfrictional conditions can be hydrodynamic friction, wherein hardly
There are asperity contacts.When piston is between these two regions (for example, crankangle is at about 10 degree to 35 degree or about 145 degree
To between 170 degree) towards or away from when TDC or BDC movement, piston speed is relatively medium and andfrictional conditions can be boundary and rub
Wipe the mixed film friction (for example, some asperity contacts) with hydrodynamic friction.Certainly, crankangle disclosed herein is example,
And revolving speed, the engine of engine will be depended on to the transformation of differentiated friction situation (for example, boundary friction to mixed film friction)
Structure and other factors.
Therefore, lubrication property or requirement can be different in the different zones of casing bore.In at least one embodiment, coating
Porosity can be along the height change of cylinder holes.As it is used herein, porosity can refer to the shape during coating deposition
At hole or can (for example, by chemically or mechanically texture) be formed in the coating after coating deposition hole
Gap.Hole in coating may be used as keeping oil/lubricant reservoir, to provide lubrication under severe operating condition or improve
Lubricant film thickness.Therefore, the region with different porosities level can have different influences to the lubrication of casing bore.Extremely
In few one embodiment, there can be at least two different porosity levels along the height of cylinder holes.It can be added in coating certainly
Lubriation material, to realize solid lubrication in the case where cannot keep lubricant film under severe operating condition.The variation of porosity
Main bring is that porosity is higher, and protecting oily effect will be more preferable, but the problem of bringing therewith is exactly that hole is too many, and structure is held
Easy avalanche leads to the decline of intensity and wearability.The size of hole also influences whether protect oil performance, and Kong Tai little lubricating oil may
Into not going.Coating porosity 0.2%-5%.Contain carbide in coating.
In at least one embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, being followed successively by material, coating and the cylinder body of edge sample from left to right,
The material for wherein inlaying sample is not belonging to the structure in the present invention, is for convenience by coating structure of the invention in micro- sem observation
And it is specially set in the thing similar to " handle " on coating, it can be seen from the figure that the contact surface of cylinder body and coating is coarse
Change, in floating coat average pore size can from 0.1 μm to 100 μm or in which any subrange, such as 0.1 μm to 25
μm, 0.1 μm to 100 μm, 1 μm to 50 μm, 1 μm to 30 μm, 1 μm to 20 μm, 10 μm to 30 μm, 10 μm to 20 μm, 20 μm to 100
μm, 10 μm to 50 μm or 20 μm to 50 μm, the hole under this size can guarantee to have in the coating adequately shrink, diastole
Performance, while can be avoided the physical property, such as hardness, brittleness etc. for excessively reducing coating again, due to the diffusive of hole,
When coating when outside is consumed, the hole of internal layer can show again, play a role.
In one embodiment, at least one embodiment be cylinder surface add one layer of protective coating, such as: pass through
The coating that laser melting coating is formed.Such as oil removal treatment is first carried out to magnesium alloy using the method for laser melting coating in magnesium alloy cylinder body,
Then using laser as heat source, by coaxial powder-feeding or precoating in cylinder surface material together with cylinder body cladding, in magnesium
Alloy surface obtains laser melting coating protective layer.It should be noted that magnesium alloy fusing point and burning point it is lower, need using fusing point compared with
Low strengthening material forces cooling method, keeps cylinder body not burning.
Coating can be single layer or can be formed by multilayer.For example, if being applied using heat spraying method (for example, PTWA)
Coating can then spray to multiple layers on cylinder holes surface so that coating is built up to its final thickness.Thermal spraying can pass through rotation
Turn nozzle or by applying around fixed nozzle rotating cylinder hole surface.Therefore, when forming coating, nozzle and/or cylinder holes table
Face, which often rotates a circle, can deposit mew layer.As described above, protective layer material component content level can be surface material composition and contain
Amount is horizontal.However, protective layer material ingredient can also change according to the depth of coating, the effect of change of gradient essentially consists in material
Material performance has the effect of a gradual change, and the property between such words cylinder block material and coating material can be more nearly, in conjunction with meeting
More preferably.
In one embodiment, coating can have 50 μm to 500 μm (such as 50 μm to 250 μm, 50 μm to 500 μm, 50 μm
To 250 μm, 50 μm to 100 μm or 50 μm to 75 μm) thickness.It has been found that the porosity and protective layer material ingredient of coating
Content can influence the bonding or combination of coating Yu cylinder holes surface (for example, aluminum cylinder holes or cylinder sleeve).In general, coating and cylinder holes table
The bonding in face can increase with the reduction of porosity, as the reduction binding force of alloy content and material melting point gradually rises
It is high.The mean porosities of interface between coating and cylinder holes surface can be less than coating at the surface of coating (for example, contact
The exposed surface of piston) mean porosities, alloy content and (or) material melting point can be lower than being averaged at the surface of coating
It is horizontal.
It is similar with surface porosity factor region, may exist two or more discrete porosity areas along the thickness of coating
Domain, or can have gradient or continually changing porosity along thickness.Coating is in the hole of itself and the interface on cylinder holes surface
Gap rate can be up to 2%, such as 0.1% to 2%, 0.3% to 2%, 0.5% to 2%, 0.1% to 1.5%, 0.1% to 1%,
0.5% to 2% or 0.5% to 1.5%.The porosity of coating at its surface is as described above, and can be according to coating along vapour
The position of the height of cylinder holes and change.Therefore, coating may exist along the height of casing bore and the porosity of both depth and become
Change.
It can be by with two or more regions (for example, 2 to N number of region) along the porosity change of coating layer thickness
Multiple small stairs of porosity are constituted.In one embodiment, the region can correspond to coating single layer when applying coating
Thickness.For example, total coating layer thickness can be 50 μm if five layers of PTWA of deposition and every layer are with 10 μm of thickness.
Can during each, some or all of layers deposition adjustment apertures rate.For example, porosity can increase in each succeeding layer,
So that surface of the porosity from the interface to coating increases continuously.Alternatively, some layers can be formed to have identical hole
Rate, so that there are porosity steps for the surface from the interface to coating.
In addition in coating porosity and/or pore-size according to the height and/or change in depth of casing bore other than, it is other
There may also be variations for characteristic.In one embodiment, the microhardness of coating can change according to the height in casing bore.
For example, microhardness can change in a similar way with porosity, so that existing in engine cylinder hole has difference micro-
The region or part of hardness.Therefore, low, high and/or medium porosity region can also have different microhardnesses horizontal.With hole
Gap rate is similar, and there may be the different microhardness regions of two, three, four, or more.Microhardness can be with gradually
Mode change, or can be continuous or substantially continuous (for example, many very small Discrete Changes).Similar to hole
Gap rate, microhardness can by adjusting coating depositing operation parameter (such as spray torch parameter) and change.
In one embodiment, microhardness of the coating in the region having compared with low porosity can have than coating
Microhardness in the region of higher porosity is bigger.For example, in some embodiments, being also possible to height compared with low porosity region
Microhardness region.Including and the region of neighbouring TDC and BDC can be than piston at a relatively high speed (for example, about 90 degree
Crankangle) mobile region has higher microhardness.Microhardness in high microhardness region can be 400HV extremely
1600HV or in which any subrange.For example, microhardness in high microhardness region can for 400HV to 1600HV,
800HV is to 1600HV, 500HV to 800HV or 800HV to 1000HV.In some embodiments, the microhardness of entire coating can
With within the above range, however, high microhardness region can have the biggish microhardness within the scope of this.
Spraying method can be applied to including any object matrix at least one slidingsurface wall of longitudinal axis
It is upper to form the coating with variable porosity battery rate.In step, cylinder holes surface can be prepared with receptive coating.Cylinder holes surface can be
Cast engine cylinder hole or cylinder sleeve (castingin or interference fit).Surface preparation may include being roughened and/or rinsing the surface
To improve bonding/combination of coating.
Coating can be applied in any suitable manner, such as be sprayed.In one example, thermal spraying can be passed through
(such as PTWA spraying) applies coating.It can be by the way that coating will be applied on coating rotary spraying to cylinder holes surface.It can revolve
Turn nozzle, cylinder holes surface or both to apply coating.As described above, coating can have at it with the part of the interface on cylinder holes surface
There is low porosity to promote to combine/bonding.Therefore, the initiation layer of coating is identical along entirely highly can be for casing bore coating
's.However, in other embodiments, primary coat porosity can be changed based on height.
Can (for example, passing through controller) adjust deposition parameter, to generate the porosity of different level in the coating.It can be with
It is adjusted when applying coating, or application can be suspended to adjust the parameter.The adjustable parameter to be formed on
State coating structure.For example, the adjustable parameter with formed at the disclosed position in coating surface it is low, medium and/or
High porosity region.The parameter can also be adjusted to form the porosity change as the function of profile depth, as described above.
Parameter to be adjusted can type based on deposition and used specific equipment and change.In the example using PTWA spraying,
Adjustable spray torch or other operating parameters are to change porosity.For example, it has been found that adjustable such as atomization pressure,
Electric current, plasma gas flow speed, wire feed rate and the parameter of torch transverse moving speed is sprayed to increased or decrease the porosity of coating.It adjusts
These whole parameters can change the size, temperature and speed of metallic particles, and therefore change the microstructure and/or composition of coating
To be conducive to higher or lower porosity level.
If these layer can have identical or different thickness there are multiple layers in entire coating.For example, each
Layer can have identical thickness, such as 5 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm or 20 μm, or can have in entire coating two or more
Multiple and different thickness degree.Coating layer thickness is 10 to 30.If coating is too thick, thermal stress rises, and will lead to coating and cylinder body
Binding force decline.
It can be according to specified engine cylinder pore size by finished product coating honing to final cylinder holes diameter.In some embodiments
In, optional machining operations (such as boring, cutting etc.) can be executed, before honing to reduce the original during honing
Expect removal amount.In general, honing technique includes that will there is the rotation tool of abrasive grain to be inserted into casing bore to remove material
And reach controlled diameter.In some embodiments, coating can initially deposit to thickness.Honing process can remove the material of removing coating
Expect and the height cylinder cylinder holes wall with final cylinder holes diameter is provided.As described herein, for the coating of porosity purpose
Surface can be by the surface of honing process generation, rather than post-depositional initial surface (for example, be cylinder holes wall, rather than just
Beginning thickness).
After honing steps, machined after optional honing can be executed.The step may include additional traditional machine
Process is to complete casing bore.Furthermore it is possible to include that process for machining is additional to open up or generate in the surface of coating
Hole.For example, can have other rinsing step, such as high pressure washing (for example, with water or other fluids), brushing step or dry
Ice injecting step.
It has been found that the disclosed casing bore with variable coating can improve the lubrication of cylinder and reduce friction and
Abrasion.As described above, when piston is at or approximately at TDC or BDC, andfrictional conditions can be boundary friction, wherein in piston
There are asperity contacts between cylinder holes surface (or coating surface when being coated with coating).This andfrictional conditions may be not required to
It largely to lubricate to fill the small―gap suture between piston and cylinder holes/coating surface.Therefore, in the region that boundary friction occurs
In (for example, at zero piston speed and low piston speed and corresponding crankangle), coating can have relatively low porosity.
When piston moves at a relatively high speed in the middle section of cylinder holes length/height, friction condition be can be
Hydrodynamic friction, wherein between piston and cylinder holes/coating surface almost without asperity contact and piston and cylinder holes/
There are wide arc gaps between coating surface.This andfrictional conditions may need larger amount of lubrication to fill piston and cylinder holes/coating
Larger gap between surface.Therefore, occur hydrodynamic friction region (for example, maximum and close to maximum piston speed
At degree and corresponding crankangle) in, coating can have relatively high porosity.
When piston is mobile towards or away from TDC or BDC between these two regions, piston speed is relatively medium, rubs
Wiping situation can be the mixed film friction (for example, some asperity contacts) of boundary friction and hydrodynamic friction.This friction shape
Condition may need the lubrication of moderate to fill the moderate gap between piston and cylinder holes/coating surface.Therefore, it is being mixed
In the region (for example, at medium piston speed and corresponding crankangle) of friction, coating can have relatively medium hole
Rate.
Other than andfrictional conditions, piston speed changes also according to the piston position in casing bore.At TDC and BDC,
Speed is zero or substantially zeroed and relatively low at the crankangle close to TDC/BDC.The speed is as piston is towards cylinder
Centre/center is mobile and increases, and can be at centre/center or near it (for example, at or about 90 degree of crankangle
Place) reach maximum value.Frictional force can change according to speed, usually increase as speed increases.It has therefore been discovered that
Increased porosity level is provided in casing bore coating at maximum speed region can improve lubrication and reduce friction.As above
It is described, porosity can along the height change of cylinder holes with correspond to andfrictional conditions, piston speed and/or crankangle, so as to
A certain amount of lubrication is provided in each region.There may be two or more (for example, two, three, four, five or more
It is more) regions of different porosities, or can be continuously or with very small discrete step adjustment apertures rate.
The coating processed at least one embodiment is subjected to HV hardness test, test data is as follows:
Data 1:
| Coating material | Coating 1 | Coating 2 | Coating 3 | Coating 4 | Coating 5 | Coating 6 | Coating 7 | Coating 8 | Coating 9 | Coating 10 | Coating 11 | Coating 12 | Coating 13 | Coating 14 |
| Ferrous alloy | 508.3 | 706.7 | 586.5 | 478.8 | 615.4 | 590 | 534.6 | 494.6 | 600.7 | 534.6 | 473.7 | 600.7 | 497.3 | 650.5 |
Data 2:
| Coating material | Coating 15 | Coating 16 | Coating 17 | Coating 18 | Coating 19 | Coating 20 | Coating 21 | Coating 22 | Coating 23 | Coating 24 |
| Nickel-base alloy | 885.6 | 638.4 | 965.9 | 948.8 | 554.5 | 932.3 | 957.3 | 916.2 | 863.8 | 932.3 |
Data 3:
| Coating material | Coating 25 | Coating 26 | Coating 27 | Coating 28 | Coating 29 | Coating 30 |
| Cermet | 1348.2 | 1256.71 | 1159.8 | 1268.9 | 1384.9 | 1399.3 |
Conclusion: 1, by data in table it can be concluded that, the coating hardness after processing is related with coating material itself, coating material hardness
Higher, the coating hardness after the processing of this technique is higher.2, under the premise of coating material is roughly the same, by adjusting this
The design parameter of technique can carry out coating hardness so as to adjust the porosity or alloying component in coating in a certain range
Adjustment.
What has been described above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common sense such as well known specific structure and characteristic are not made herein in scheme
Excessive description.It, without departing from the structure of the invention, can be with it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art
Several modifications and improvements are made, these also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention, these all will not influence what the present invention was implemented
Effect and patent practicability.The scope of protection required by this application should be based on the content of the claims, in specification
The records such as specific embodiment can be used for explaining the content of claim.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of modified structure for inboard wall of cylinder block, it is characterised in that: including the protective layer being arranged on inboard wall of cylinder block, cylinder body
Including at least one cylinder body hole wall with longitudinal axis, protective layer is to extend along the longitudinal axis, and with a thickness of 5-50
Silk；The thermal expansion coefficient of protective layer is lower than cylinder body, protects layer porosity 0.2%-5%.
2. the modified structure according to claim 1 for inboard wall of cylinder block, it is characterised in that: pore size is 0.1-100 μ
m。
3. the modified structure according to claim 1 or 2 for inboard wall of cylinder block, it is characterised in that: protective layer thickness 10
Silk is to 30.
4. the modified structure according to claim 1 or 2 for inboard wall of cylinder block, it is characterised in that: combination is machinery
In conjunction with.
5. the modified structure according to claim 4 for inboard wall of cylinder block, it is characterised in that: protective layer and cylinder body binding force
At least 30MPa.
6. according to claim 1, being used for the modified structure of inboard wall of cylinder block described in 2 or 5 any bars, it is characterised in that: protective layer
In contain carbide or oxide ceramics or self-lubricating material or nitride or carbonitride or DLC or intermetallic compound.
7. according to claim 1, being used for the modified structure of inboard wall of cylinder block described in 2 or 5 any bars, it is characterised in that: the cylinder
Internal wall surface roughness is more than or equal to 10 μm.
8. according to claim 1, being used for the modified structure of inboard wall of cylinder block described in 2 or 5 any bars, it is characterised in that: the guarantor
Sheath intermediate region has bigger mean porosities than one or both of protective layer end regions.
9. the modified structure according to claim 4 for inboard wall of cylinder block, it is characterised in that: further include micro metallurgic bonding.
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