CN109881623B - Device for simulating earth-rock dam crack triggering in centrifugal model test and working method - Google Patents
Device for simulating earth-rock dam crack triggering in centrifugal model test and working method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109881623B CN109881623B CN201910114496.8A CN201910114496A CN109881623B CN 109881623 B CN109881623 B CN 109881623B CN 201910114496 A CN201910114496 A CN 201910114496A CN 109881623 B CN109881623 B CN 109881623B
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Abstract
The device for simulating the triggering of the cracks of the earth-rock dam in the centrifugal model test comprises a model box and an earth-rock dam model arranged in the model box, and is characterized in that a base at the lower part of the earth-rock dam model is divided into a square base (also called a fixed base) and a movable base, the boundary of the two parts is vertically positioned below a core wall, and one side of the boundary is provided with the fixed base for fixed support; the other side of the boundary is a movable base of a movable support, and the movable base has the structure that: an X-shaped steel plate is arranged between the upper base plate and the lower base plate which can slide, and an oil jack is arranged below the X-shaped steel plate. The device has a simple structure and is convenient to operate, the pressure of the oil pump communicated with the oil pressure jack is increased to control the upper base plate to move downwards, so that the uneven settlement in the earth and rockfill dam body is constructed, the crack of the dam top is triggered, the mechanism of the crack generation of the earth and rockfill dam and the expansion rule of the crack can be revealed through the device, and a reference is provided for the anti-crack design of the earth and rockfill dam engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering geotechnical tests, and relates to a device for simulating the triggering of an earth-rock dam crack in a centrifugal model test and a working method thereof.
Background
The centrifugal model test is an important means for testing the structural deformation of rock and soil mass, and for earth and rockfill dam cracks, particularly frequent high earth and rockfill dam crest cracks, no effective means for simulating the dam crest cracks in the centrifugal model test exists at present due to complexity of problems. Therefore, the device and the method for simulating the earth-rock dam cracks in the centrifugal model test are researched and developed, and the device and the method have important significance for predicting the crack occurrence and development rules of high earth-rock dam engineering.
For a core-earth rock-fill dam, a core wall can generate a dam crest tension crack or a hydraulic fracture crack under excessive tensile stress or water pressure, and can generate an apparent transverse crack under excessive uneven settlement, such as: after the high-core-wall rock-fill dam with the small wave bottom, the waterfall ditch and the like is built, dam crest cracks of different degrees appear at the dam crest, and the dam break is finally caused by the hydraulic fracture of the American Teton dam; for concrete faced rockfill dams, concrete faced panels can crack under excessive tensile/compressive stress or uneven settlement, such as: concrete face dams such as water distribution bealock, slab bridge and the like all have more or less cracking phenomenon during operation, and the safe use of the dam is seriously influenced. At present, a common method for simulating cracks of earth-rock dams in a centrifugal model test is to set different densities or different soil layer thicknesses in different areas so as to achieve the purpose of increasing uneven settlement among the areas, such as: and arranging a concrete base with a certain gradient in the model box, filling dam building materials on the base in a layered mode, forming an uneven settlement difference between the top slope and the bottom slope, and finally forming an apparent crack of the dam body. The method for simulating the earth-rock dam cracks has the following problems: 1. whether the dam body cracks occur or not is uncontrollable, and the situation that no cracks occur can occur probably in the test process; 2. the stress deformation shape of the actual earth-rock dam engineering cannot be reflected, so that the simulated crack cannot reflect the engineering reality; 3. the operation is complex, and particularly, the method for setting the density in the subareas has high requirements on the filling quality and great difficulty in practical implementation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a device for simulating the triggering of the earth-rock dam crack in a centrifugal model test and a working method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a device for simulating crack triggering of an earth and rockfill dam in a centrifugal model test comprises a model box and an earth and rockfill dam model arranged in the model box, and is characterized in that a base at the lower part of the earth and rockfill dam model is divided into a square base (also called a fixed base) and a movable base, a boundary of the two parts is vertically positioned below a core wall (for example, the two parts take a downward extension line of a vertical center line of the core wall as a boundary), and one side of the boundary is provided with a fixed base for fixed support; the other side of the boundary is a movable base of a movable support, and the movable base has the structure that: an X-shaped steel plate is arranged between the upper base plate and the lower base plate which can slide, and an oil jack is arranged below the X-shaped steel plate.
In other words, the scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a device that simulation earth and rockfill dam crack triggered in centrifugal model test, includes the mold box, sets up the earth and rockfill dam model in the mold box, earth and rockfill dam model lower part is equipped with square base, upper plate and the lower plate that can slide, be equipped with X shaped steel board between upper plate and the lower plate that can slide, X shaped steel board has oil jack.
Furthermore, two vertical slide rails are arranged at the lower right corner of the model box.
Further, the earth-rock dam model may be a core dam (including a core wall and a rockfill area) or a panel rockfill dam (including a concrete panel and a rockfill area).
Furthermore, the square base is composed of a plurality of square high-strength thin-wall steel pipes, can be freely disassembled and assembled, can ensure that the square base does not deform in the test process, and two vertical slide rails are arranged outside the square steel pipe on the outermost side.
Furthermore, 2 horizontal guide rails are arranged in the middle of the upper base plate capable of sliding, and 2 horizontal guide rails are arranged in the middle of the lower base plate.
Further, pulleys are arranged on two side edges of the upper base plate capable of sliding, and the pulleys can freely slide up and down through square steel pipes on two sides and vertical sliding rails arranged on the model box.
Furthermore, the X-shaped steel plate is connected by two high-strength steel plates through a hinge and can move freely, and pulleys are arranged at the top ends of the two high-strength steel plates and can slide through horizontal guide rails arranged on the upper bottom plate and the lower bottom plate.
Furthermore, an oil jack is arranged between the X-shaped steel plate and the lower bottom plate, and can drive the X-shaped steel plate to move, so that the upper bottom plate is driven to slide up and down.
Furthermore, the lower end of the oil jack is provided with a hinge, and the angle between the hinge and the lower bottom plate can be freely changed.
The technical scheme for completing the second invention task of the application is that the working method of the device for simulating the triggering of the earth-rock dam crack in the centrifugal model test is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, coating a layer of vaseline in a mold box;
secondly, sequentially and closely placing the high-strength thin-wall steel pipes one by one on one side of a model box, and installing a vertical guide rail on the other side of the model box;
thirdly, mounting the vertical guide rail on the outermost side of the high-strength thin-wall steel pipe, and smearing vaseline;
fourthly, mounting the horizontal guide rail on the lower bottom plate, and then placing the whole integrated close-fitting high-strength thin-wall steel pipe in a model box;
installing an oil jack on the lower bottom plate, installing pulleys at each end part of the X-shaped steel plate, and then installing the X-shaped steel plate on the lower bottom plate;
installing a horizontal guide rail at the lower part of the upper bottom plate, installing pulleys at two sides of the upper bottom plate, then installing the upper bottom plate on an X-shaped steel plate, and finally installing alloy gaskets at two sides of the upper bottom plate;
and (seventhly) filling and paving the dam material in the model box by adopting a layering method according to the preset density.
And (eighthly), installing a model box on the centrifuge, applying centrifugal acceleration, and increasing the pressure of an oil pump communicated with an oil jack to control the upper base plate to move downwards so as to cause uneven settlement and further trigger the crack of the dam crest.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the testing device provided by the invention is simple in structure and convenient to operate, the pressure of the oil pump communicated with the oil jack is increased to control the upper base plate to move downwards, so that the uneven settlement in the earth and rockfill dam body is caused, and the crack generation of the dam crest is triggered.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan sectional view of a simulated earth and rockfill dam crack initiation device in a centrifugal model test in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a section 1-1 of a device for simulating a crack in an earth and rockfill dam in a centrifugal model test according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view of a 1-2 simulation earth and rockfill dam crack initiation device in a centrifugal model test in accordance with the present invention.
The main reference numerals in the figures have the following meanings:
1-a core wall; 2-rockfill material; 3-a model box; 4-square high-strength thin-wall steel pipe I; 5, square high-strength thin-wall steel pipe II; 6-square high-strength thin-wall steel pipe III; 7-square high-strength thin-wall steel pipe; 8-square high-strength thin-wall steel pipe; 9-square high-strength thin-wall steel pipe; 10-an upper base plate; 11-a lower bottom plate; 12-X type steel plate; 13-X type steel plate pulley; 14-a floor pulley; 15-vertical guide rails; 16-a hinge; 17-oil jack; an 18-alloy shim; 19-horizontal guide rail.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1, a device for simulating the initiation of a crack in an earth and rockfill dam in a centrifugal model test, as shown in fig. 1: the embodiment comprises dam building materials (a core wall 1 and a stacking material 2), a model box 3, square high-strength thin-wall steel pipes (i-r) with the corresponding numbers of 4-9, an upper base plate 10, a lower base plate 11, an X-shaped steel plate 12, an X-shaped steel plate end pulley 13, an upper base plate pulley 14, a vertical rail 15, a hinge 16, an oil hydraulic jack 17, an alloy gasket 18, a horizontal guide rail 19 and the like. The oil pressure jack 17 is controlled to stretch and retract by increasing the pressure of an oil pump to drive the X-shaped steel plate 12 to move, and then the pulley 13 at the end part of the X-shaped steel plate is driven to slide on the horizontal guide rail 19, so that the pulley 14 of the bottom plate can slide on the vertical guide rail 15 to drive the upper bottom plate 10 to move downwards, uneven settlement in the earth and rockfill dam body is caused by the method, and then the occurrence of cracks at the top of the dam is triggered.
The following describes a method for simulating the triggering of the earth-rock dam crack in the centrifugal model test according to the embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings:
firstly, coating a layer of vaseline on the inner wall of a model box 3;
secondly, sequentially and closely placing the high-strength thin-wall steel pipes 4-9 on one side of the model box one by one, installing a vertical guide rail 15 outside the high-strength thin-wall steel pipes 9, and coating lubricating oil on the guide rail;
thirdly, another pair of vertical guide rails 15 are arranged on the inner side of the model box 3, the two pairs of vertical guide rails are ensured to be aligned, and lubricating oil is coated on the guide rails;
fourthly, a pair of horizontal guide rails 19 are arranged on the lower bottom plate, then the whole integrated close-fitting high-strength thin-wall steel pipe 9 is placed in the model box 3, and lubricating oil is smeared on the guide rails;
installing an oil jack 17 on the lower bottom plate, installing a pulley 13 at each end of an X-shaped steel plate 12 and then installing the X-shaped steel plate 12 on the lower bottom plate 11, and connecting the X-shaped steel plates 12 through a hinge 16;
sixthly, installing pulleys 14 at two sides of another pair of horizontal guide rails 19 at the lower part of the upper bottom plate 10, coating lubricating oil on the guide rails, then installing the guide rails on the X-shaped steel plate 12, and finally installing alloy gaskets 18 at two sides of the upper bottom plate;
and (seventhly) filling and paving dam materials (a core wall 1 and a rockfill material 2) in the model box 3 by adopting a layering method according to the preset density.
And (eighthly), mounting a model box on a centrifugal machine, applying centrifugal acceleration, and controlling the upper base plate 10 to move downwards by increasing the pressure of an oil pump communicated with an oil jack 17 to cause uneven settlement so as to trigger the occurrence of dam crest cracks.
The measurement principle of the invention is as follows: after the device is installed in a model box of the centrifuge, the downward movement of an upper base plate in the model box can be controlled by increasing the pressure of an oil pump of an oil jack in the communication device, so that the uneven settlement in the earth-rock dam body is caused, and the crack of the dam top is triggered.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present patent, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the inventive concept, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present patent.
Claims (2)
1. A device for simulating the crack triggering of an earth and rockfill dam in a centrifugal model test comprises a model box and an earth and rockfill dam model arranged in the model box, and is characterized in that a base at the lower part of the earth and rockfill dam model is divided into a square base and a movable base, the boundary of the two parts is vertically positioned below a core wall, and one side of the boundary is provided with a fixed base for fixed support; the other side of the boundary is a movable base of a movable support, and the movable base has the structure that: an X-shaped steel plate is arranged between the upper base plate and the lower base plate which can slide, and an oil jack is arranged below the X-shaped steel plate;
2 horizontal guide rails are arranged in the middle of the upper base plate capable of sliding; 2 horizontal guide rails are arranged in the middle of the lower bottom plate;
the X-shaped steel plate is formed by connecting two high-strength steel plates through a hinge and can move freely, and pulleys are arranged at the top ends of the two high-strength steel plates and can slide through horizontal guide rails arranged on the upper bottom plate and the lower bottom plate;
the square base is composed of a plurality of square high-strength thin-wall steel pipes, can be freely disassembled and combined, can ensure no deformation in the test process, and two vertical sliding rails are arranged outside the square steel pipe at the outermost side;
pulleys are arranged on the edges of two sides of the slidable upper bottom plate, and the pulleys can freely slide up and down through square steel pipes on two sides and vertical sliding rails arranged on the model box;
the earth-rock dam model is a core wall dam which comprises a core wall and a rockfill area, or is a panel rockfill dam which comprises a concrete panel and a rockfill area;
the square base and the movable base take the downward extension line of the vertical central line of the core wall as a boundary.
2. The method of operation of a device for simulating an earth and rockfill dam fracture strike in a centrifugal model test according to claim 1, wherein the steps of:
firstly, coating a layer of vaseline in a mold box;
secondly, sequentially and closely placing the high-strength thin-wall steel pipes one by one on one side of a model box, and installing a vertical guide rail on the other side of the model box;
thirdly, mounting the vertical guide rail on the outermost side of the high-strength thin-wall steel pipe, and smearing vaseline;
fourthly, mounting the horizontal guide rail on the lower bottom plate, and then placing the whole integrated close-fitting high-strength thin-wall steel pipe in a model box;
installing an oil jack on the lower bottom plate, installing pulleys at each end part of the X-shaped steel plate, and then installing the X-shaped steel plate on the lower bottom plate;
installing a horizontal guide rail at the lower part of the upper bottom plate, installing pulleys at two sides of the upper bottom plate, then installing the upper bottom plate on an X-shaped steel plate, and finally installing alloy gaskets at two sides of the upper bottom plate;
(VII) filling and paving the dam material in the model box by adopting a layering method according to the preset density;
and (eighthly), installing a model box on the centrifuge, applying centrifugal acceleration, and increasing the pressure of an oil pump communicated with an oil jack to control the upper base plate to move downwards so as to cause uneven settlement and further trigger the crack of the dam crest.
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| CN110716028B (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2021-04-27 | 清华大学 | Centrifugal model test simulation method and system for damming dam |
| CN110987600B (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-12-08 | 清华大学 | Continuously adjustable trapezoidal or conical non-uniform settlement control equipment in geotechnical centrifugal model |
| CN111521151B (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2021-09-24 | 机械工业勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Centrifugal model test-based filling valley foundation settlement inversion method |
| CN112415175B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2023-01-06 | 中国路桥工程有限责任公司 | Physical model test device for ground fissure |
| CN114563241B (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2024-04-05 | 天津大学 | Reduced scale model fatigue test sample for simulating floating body structure of deepwater platform and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN115184461B (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2023-06-02 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Centrifugal test device and method for core wall dam break |
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| US6062090A (en) * | 1996-07-31 | 2000-05-16 | Transportation Technology Center, Inc. | Apparatus and method for determining the strength and type of soil |
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| JP2005171586A (en) * | 2003-12-10 | 2005-06-30 | Earth Tect:Kk | Evaluation method for uneven settlement of foundation structure, design method for foundation structure, and design evaluation method for foundation structure |
| AR060106A1 (en) * | 2006-11-21 | 2008-05-28 | Crystal Lagoons Corp Llc | PROCESS OF OBTAINING LARGE WATER BODIES OVER 15,000 M3 FOR RECREATIONAL USE WITH COLORING, TRANSPARENCY AND CLEANING FEATURES SIMILAR TO THE TROPICAL POOLS OR SEA TROPICAL SEA AT LOW COST |
| US20080310920A1 (en) * | 2007-06-13 | 2008-12-18 | Bruce Allen | Secondary containment for liquid |
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| CN102359907B (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2013-08-14 | 西南交通大学 | Model differential settlement controlling device of geotechnical centrifuge test |
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| CN105527389A (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2016-04-27 | 山东交通学院 | Jack-based experiment model and method for simulating uneven settlement of foundation |
| CN105675409B (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2019-02-01 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Integral type rock mass discontinuity direct shear apparatus and direct shear test method |
| CN107560982B (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2023-10-27 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Particle size analysis test device for simulating hydraulic separation of tailing dam and application method thereof |
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| US6062090A (en) * | 1996-07-31 | 2000-05-16 | Transportation Technology Center, Inc. | Apparatus and method for determining the strength and type of soil |
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Inventor after: Ji Enyue Inventor after: Ren Guofeng Inventor after: Yan Zhikun Inventor after: Mei Shiang Inventor after: Chen Chenghao Inventor after: Geng Zhizhou Inventor after: Chen Shengshui Inventor after: Wei Kuangmin Inventor after: Fu Zhongzhi Inventor after: Zhong Qiming Inventor after: Li Guoying Inventor after: Mi Zhankuan Inventor after: Xu Guangming Inventor after: Gu Xingwen Inventor before: Wei Kuangmin Inventor before: Other inventors request not to publish their names |
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