CN109880957B - Molten iron pretreatment composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Molten iron pretreatment composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a composite desiliconization and dephosphorization agent for molten iron pretreatment, which comprises vanadium extraction tailings and active lime, wherein the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime are uniformly mixed, the weight percentage of the vanadium extraction tailings in the composite desiliconization and dephosphorization agent is 60-90%, and the weight percentage of the active lime in the composite desiliconization and dephosphorization agent is 10-40%. The vanadium extraction tailings are effectively utilized, the contents of silicon and phosphorus in the molten iron can be effectively reduced, high-quality molten iron is provided for steel making, and meanwhile, the recovery of iron resources in the composite desiliconization dephosphorization agent can be realized in the pretreatment process of the molten iron. The invention also provides a preparation method of the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent for molten iron pretreatment, which comprises the following steps: drying the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime; and then uniformly mixing the dried vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime according to the dosage of the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime in the composite desiliconization and dephosphorization agent to obtain the composite desiliconization and dephosphorization agent. Simple ingredients, simple preparation and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of molten iron pretreatment in ferrous metallurgy industry, and particularly relates to a composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent for molten iron pretreatment and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the ferrous metallurgy industry, molten iron pretreatment is an essential process in the steel making process in order to improve the quality of steel. The molten iron pretreatment process mainly provides molten iron with stable components and lowest silicon and phosphorus content for the steelmaking process so as to facilitate the operation control of steelmaking. Two important tasks in the pretreatment of molten iron are the pretreatment of molten iron for desilicification and the pretreatment of molten iron for dephosphorization respectively.
The silicon removal of the molten iron pretreatment is mainly to oxidize Si in the molten iron into SiO by using an oxidant2Into the slag, thereby removing:
[Si]+2(FeO)＝(SiO2)+2[Fe]
the dephosphorization of the molten iron by pretreatment is mainly to oxidize P in the molten iron into P by using an oxidant2O5And then combining it with the basic oxide added to produce a phosphate which is stable in the slag:
the desiliconization and dephosphorization of the molten iron pretreatment are mainly carried out in a torpedo tank car or a ladle, generally requiring medium-low temperature, high alkalinity, high oxidability and large slag quantity, and the commonly used desiliconization and dephosphorization agents for the molten iron pretreatment comprise a lime desiliconization and dephosphorization agent and a soda desiliconization and dephosphorization agent. The desiliconization dephosphorization agent of soda system has high cost, the temperature drop of molten iron is large in the treatment process, and the problems of environmental pollution, corrosion of refractory materials and equipment and the like are easily caused, so that the desiliconization dephosphorization agent is not generally applied. At present, lime series desilicication dephosphorization agent consisting of fluorite, iron scale and lime is generally adopted, but the existence of fluoride can cause serious environmental pollution.
Chinese patent CN200410013065.6 discloses a molten iron pretreating agent and a preparation method thereof, and concretely relates to a red mud and Fe pretreating agent2O3、CaO、Na2CO3、MnO2、CaCl2、SiO2Or other metallurgical wastes containing the components are subjected to mixed grinding to obtain the molten iron pretreatment agent, so that the high oxidability, strong basicity and good melting performance of the molten iron pretreatment agent are ensured, but the molten iron pretreatment agent has multiple ingredients and complex process proportion, and the red mud is less in utilization amount and only accounts for 15-30% of the proportion of the molten iron pretreatment agent. Chinese patent CN201110117960.2 discloses a dephosphorizing agent for molten iron pretreatment containing metal magnesium slag, specifically, magnesium slag, barium carbonate, converter sludge, iron scale, fluorite and B2O3The dephosphorization agent prepared by mixing has good dephosphorization effect, but the fluorite contains a large amount of fluoride, which brings a series of environmental pollution problems. Therefore, there is a need for an efficient, inexpensive and pollution-free desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent in the molten iron pretreatment process.
The vanadium extraction tailings are waste tailings obtained by blast furnace smelting of vanadium titano-magnetite and vanadium extraction from the vanadium slag, wherein the waste tailings contain 20-40% of TFe and 10-20% of SiO2Small amount of Na2O、Al2O3And other metal oxides such as V, Mn, Ti, Cr, etc. At present, about 100 million tons of vanadium extraction tailings are discharged by vanadium enterprises in China every year, the discharge amount of the vanadium extraction tailings is increased year by year along with the continuous increase of the productivity of the vanadium enterprises, and the quantity of the vanadium extraction tailings is considerable by adding the accumulated quantity in the past year. Because of the low utilization rate of the precious and rich secondary resource, most of the secondary resource can only be piled up in the open air environment, which not only wastes the resource, but also generates a large amount of dust and the toxicity in the dustSex V5+、Cr6+And the like cause great harm to the environment and human health. Therefore, finding an economically feasible method to utilize the vanadium extraction tailings is always the focus of attention of metallurgical workers.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent for the molten iron pretreatment, which not only effectively utilizes the vanadium extraction tailings, but also can effectively reduce the content of silicon and phosphorus in the molten iron, improve the quality of steel, and simultaneously can realize the recovery of iron resources in the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent in the molten iron pretreatment process.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the molten iron pretreatment composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent, which is simple in material preparation, simple in preparation and low in cost.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the main technical scheme that:
a composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent for molten iron pretreatment comprises: the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime are uniformly mixed; the weight percentage of the vanadium extraction tailings in the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent is 60-90%, and the weight percentage of the active lime in the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent is 10-40%.
Preferably, the content of iron oxide in the vanadium extraction tailings is more than 35 percent, and SiO is2The content of (A) is 10-20%, and Na2The content of O is 4-10%.
Preferably, the content of CaO in the active lime is more than 90%.
Preferably, the particle size of the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime is below 0.5 mm.
Preferably, the alkalinity of the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent is CaO/SiO21.0 to 5.0; the melting point of the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent is 1200-1300 ℃.
A preparation method of a molten iron pretreatment composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent comprises the following steps:
and step S1, drying the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime.
And step S2, weighing the dried vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime according to the dosage of the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime, and uniformly mixing to obtain the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent.
As an improvement of the preparation method of the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent for molten iron pretreatment of the present invention, in step S1, before the drying treatment of the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime, the method comprises: and crushing and screening the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime in sequence to obtain the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime with the granularity of less than 0.5 mm.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the composite desiliconization and dephosphorization agent for molten iron pretreatment comprises the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime, so that the vanadium extraction tailings are effectively utilized, the silicon and phosphorus contents in the molten iron can be effectively reduced, the steel quality is improved, the recovery of iron resources in the composite desiliconization and dephosphorization agent can be realized in the molten iron pretreatment process, and the composite desiliconization and dephosphorization agent has good economic and social benefits.
2. After the pretreatment of the molten iron, the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent for molten iron pretreatment has toxic V5+、Cr6+Can be reduced to a non-toxic lower valence state and exists in stable spinel, thus reducing the harm of the piling of vanadium extraction tailings to the environment and human body.
3. The invention prepares the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent by adding a proper amount of active lime into the vanadium extraction tailings, and the alkalinity is CaO/SiO2The content of the active lime is controlled to be 1.0-5.0, and on the one hand, the active lime can absorb SiO in the slag2、P2O5Stable silicate and phosphate are formed, so that the desiliconization and dephosphorization effects are ensured; on the other hand, a proper amount of active lime can be mixed with Na in the vanadium extraction tailings2O、SiO2And reacting to form a low-melting-point compound, so that the melting point of the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent is reduced to 1200-1300 ℃, thereby ensuring that the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent can rapidly form slag at the molten iron pretreatment temperature, and improving the dynamic conditions of desiliconizing and dephosphorizing reaction.
4. According to the preparation method of the composite desiliconization and dephosphorization agent for molten iron pretreatment, the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime are crushed and screened in sequence to obtain the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime with the particle size of less than 0.5mm, so that the transportation and feeding of the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime are facilitated, the specific surface area participating in the reaction is increased, the slagging speed is accelerated, and the molten iron desiliconization and dephosphorization reaction is promoted.
5. The preparation method of the molten iron pretreatment composite desiliconization dephosphorization agent has the advantages of simple ingredients, simple preparation, simple operation, low energy consumption and low investment.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments for easy understanding.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the percentage contents of the individual components, unless specified otherwise, are percentages by weight; the ratios between the components are by weight unless otherwise specified.
The invention provides a composite desiliconization dephosphorization agent for molten iron pretreatment, which comprises vanadium extraction tailings and active lime, wherein the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime are uniformly mixed, the content of the vanadium extraction tailings is 60-90% of that of the composite desiliconization dephosphorization agent, and the content of the active lime is 10-40% of that of the composite desiliconization dephosphorization agent.
Wherein, the iron oxide in the vanadium extraction tailings can provide stronger oxygen potential to oxidize Si and P in the molten iron into SiO2、P2O5Entering the slag; a small amount of SiO in the vanadium extraction tailings2And Na2The O can reduce the melting point and viscosity of the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent, so that the compound desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent has good slagging and improves the dynamic conditions of the reaction. The active lime can be mixed with SiO2、P2O5Combine to form stable silicate and phosphate to promote desiliconization and dephosphorization reaction. The composite desiliconization and dephosphorization agent for molten iron pretreatment provided by the invention meets the requirements of 'three high and one low', namely high alkalinity, high oxidability, large slag quantity and medium and low temperature, and is suitable for being applied to desiliconization and dephosphorization of molten iron pretreatment.
The composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent for molten iron pretreatment provided by the invention adopts the waste tailings (vanadium extraction tailings) generated in the vanadium extraction process of the vanadium slag as the main raw material, so that the vanadium extraction tailings are effectively utilized, the contents of silicon and phosphorus in the molten iron can be effectively reduced, high-quality molten iron is provided for steel making, meanwhile, the recovery of iron resources in the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent can be realized in the molten iron pretreatment process, and the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent has good economic and social benefits. The composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent for molten iron pretreatment provided by the invention does not use fluorite as a fluxing agent at all, and avoids the corrosion of fluorine to refractory materials and the pollution of fluorine to the environment in the molten iron pretreatment process.
Preferably, the content of iron oxide in the vanadium extraction tailings is more than 35 percent, and SiO is2The content of (A) is 10-20%, and Na2The content of O is 4-10%. At the moment, the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent has relatively good desiliconizing and dephosphorizing effects.
Preferably, the content of CaO in the active lime is more than 90%. At the moment, the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent has relatively good desiliconizing and dephosphorizing effects.
Preferably, the particle size of the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime is below 0.5 mm. The composite desiliconization dephosphorization agent has small granularity, increases the specific surface area participating in the reaction, accelerates the slagging speed and promotes the molten iron desiliconization dephosphorization reaction.
Preferably, the alkalinity of the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent is CaO/SiO21.0-5.0, corresponding melting point of 1200-1300 ℃, lower than the pretreatment temperature of molten iron. The active lime can absorb SiO generated by desiliconization and dephosphorization2、P2O5To generate stable calcium silicate and calcium phosphate, thereby ensuring dephosphorization effect. On the other hand, a proper amount of active lime can be mixed with Na in the vanadium extraction tailings2O、SiO2And the reaction is carried out to form a low-melting-point compound, so that the melting point of the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent is reduced, the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent can rapidly form slag at the molten iron pretreatment temperature, and the dynamic conditions of the desiliconizing and dephosphorizing reaction are improved. Comprehensively considering SiO in stable slag2、P2O5And the requirement of good slagging is met, and the alkalinity CaO/SiO of the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent is regulated and controlled2Is 1.0 to 5.0.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent for molten iron pretreatment, which comprises the following steps:
and S1, crushing and screening the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime in sequence to obtain the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime with the granularity of less than 0.5mm, and then drying.
The vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime with the granularity of less than 0.5mm are obtained, so that the transportation and the feeding of the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime are facilitated.
And step S2, weighing the dried vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime according to the dosage of the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime in the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent, and uniformly mixing to obtain the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent.
The preparation method of the molten iron pretreatment composite desiliconization dephosphorization agent provided by the invention has the advantages of simple ingredients, simple preparation, simple operation, low energy consumption and low investment.
The features and technical effects of the technical scheme of the invention are explained by combining specific embodiments.
Example 1
In the embodiment, vanadium extraction tailings obtained after sodium salt roasting-leaching of vanadium slag of a certain steel plant in China are used as raw materials.
And S1, crushing and screening the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime in sequence to obtain the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime with the granularity of less than 0.5mm, and then drying.
Step S2, mixing, by mass ratio 77: 23 weighing the dried vanadium extraction tailings and active lime, and uniformly mixing to obtain CaO/SiO with the melting point of 1236.0 ℃ and the alkalinity22.1 of the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent for the pretreatment of molten iron. Wherein, the melting point of the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent is measured according to a hemisphere method. The specific chemical composition of the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent for molten iron pretreatment is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 chemical composition of the molten iron pretreatment composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent in example 1
The hot metal pretreatment experiment was carried out in a high temperature tube furnace, wherein the weight of the carbon-saturated hot metal was 300g, the experimental temperature was controlled at 1350 ℃, 60g of the hot metal pretreatment composite desiliconization dephosphorization agent was added to the hot metal in an upward feeding manner, and stirred with a molybdenum rod. Finally, the Si content in the molten iron is reduced from 0.308% to 0.013%, the desiliconization rate is 95.7%, the P content in the molten iron is reduced from 0.040% to 0.024%, and the dephosphorization rate is 40.0%. In addition, iron oxide in the composite desiliconization dephosphorization agent is greatly reduced to enter molten iron, the total iron content in the composite desiliconization dephosphorization agent is reduced to 8.58% from 27.17%, the recovery rate of iron elements reaches 68.42%, and only a small amount of elements such as vanadium, chromium and the like enter the molten iron and mainly exist in a stable spinel phase in a lower valence state.
Example 2
In the embodiment, vanadium extraction tailings obtained after sodium salt roasting-leaching of vanadium slag of a certain steel plant in China are used as raw materials.
And S1, crushing and screening the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime in sequence to obtain the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime with the granularity of less than 0.5mm, and then drying.
Step S2, according to the mass ratio 71: 29 weighing the dried vanadium extraction tailings and active lime, and uniformly mixing to obtain CaO/SiO with the melting point of 1260.1 ℃ and the alkalinity22.8 of the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent for the pretreatment of molten iron. Wherein, the melting point of the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent is measured according to a hemisphere method. The chemical composition of the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent for the molten iron pretreatment is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 chemical composition of the molten iron pretreatment composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent in example 2
The hot metal pretreatment experiment was carried out in a high temperature tube furnace, wherein the weight of the carbon-saturated hot metal was 300g, the experimental temperature was controlled at 1350 ℃, 60g of the hot metal pretreatment composite desiliconization dephosphorization agent was added to the hot metal in an upward feeding manner, and stirred with a molybdenum rod. Finally, the Si content in the molten iron is reduced from 0.309% to 0.014%, the desiliconization rate is 95.5%, the P content in the molten iron is reduced from 0.043% to 0.021%, and the dephosphorization rate is 51.2%. In addition, iron oxide in the composite desiliconization dephosphorization agent is greatly reduced to enter molten iron, the total iron content in the composite desiliconization dephosphorization agent is reduced to 4.40% from 25.22%, the recovery rate of iron elements reaches 82.55%, and only a small amount of elements such as vanadium, chromium and the like enter the molten iron and mainly exist in a stable spinel phase in a lower valence state.
Example 3
In the embodiment, vanadium extraction tailings obtained after sodium salt roasting-leaching of vanadium slag of a certain steel plant in China are used as raw materials.
And S1, crushing and screening the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime in sequence to obtain the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime with the granularity of less than 0.5mm, and then drying.
Step S2, mixing the following components in mass ratio 67: 33 weighing the dried vanadium extraction tailings and active lime, and uniformly mixing to obtain CaO/SiO with the melting point of 1274.9 ℃ and the alkalinity23.5 of the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent for the pretreatment of molten iron. Wherein, the melting point of the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent is measured according to a hemisphere method. The specific chemical composition of the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent for molten iron pretreatment is shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 chemical composition of molten iron pretreatment composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent in example 3
The hot metal pretreatment experiment was carried out in a high temperature tube furnace, wherein the weight of the carbon-saturated hot metal was 300g, the experimental temperature was controlled at 1350 ℃, 60g of the hot metal pretreatment composite desiliconization dephosphorization agent was added to the hot metal in an upward feeding manner, and stirred with a molybdenum rod. Finally, the Si content in the molten iron is reduced from 0.280% to 0.007%, the desiliconization rate is 97.5%, the P content in the molten iron is reduced from 0.039% to 0.025%, and the dephosphorization rate is 35.9%. In addition, a large amount of iron oxide in the composite desiliconization dephosphorization agent is reduced to enter molten iron, the total iron content in the composite desiliconization dephosphorization agent is reduced to 4.00 percent from 23.55 percent, the recovery rate of iron elements reaches 83.01 percent, and only a small amount of elements such as vanadium, chromium and the like enter the molten iron and mainly exist in a stable spinel phase in a lower valence state.
The technical principles of the present invention have been described above in connection with specific embodiments. The description is made for the purpose of illustrating the principles of the invention and should not be construed in any way as limiting the scope of the invention. Based on the explanations herein, those skilled in the art will be able to conceive of other embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, which shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent for molten iron pretreatment is characterized by consisting of vanadium extraction tailings and active lime which are mixed with each other;
the weight percentage of the vanadium extraction tailings in the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent is 67-90%, and the weight percentage of the active lime in the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent is 10-33%;
the content of iron oxide in the vanadium extraction tailings is more than 35 percent, and SiO is2The content of (A) is 10-20%, and Na2The content of O is 4-10%;
the content of CaO in the active lime is more than 90%.
2. The dephosphorization agent for molten iron pretreatment of claim 1, wherein,
the particle size of the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime is below 0.5 mm.
3. The dephosphorization agent for molten iron pretreatment of claim 1, wherein,
alkalinity CaO/SiO of the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent21.0 to 5.0;
the melting point of the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent is 1200-1300 ℃.
4. The preparation method of the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent for molten iron pretreatment is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1, drying the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime;
step S2, weighing the dried vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime according to the dosage ratio of the vanadium extraction tailings to the active lime in the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent of any one of claims 1 to 3, and uniformly mixing to obtain the composite desiliconizing and dephosphorizing agent.
5. The method for preparing the dephosphorization agent for molten iron pretreatment in accordance with claim 4, wherein step S1, before the drying treatment of the vanadium extraction tailings and the activated lime, comprises: and crushing and screening the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime in sequence to obtain the vanadium extraction tailings and the active lime with the granularity of less than 0.5 mm.
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