CN109879589A - A kind of annealing process improving glass mechanical property - Google Patents
A kind of annealing process improving glass mechanical property Download PDFInfo
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- CN109879589A CN109879589A CN201910293373.5A CN201910293373A CN109879589A CN 109879589 A CN109879589 A CN 109879589A CN 201910293373 A CN201910293373 A CN 201910293373A CN 109879589 A CN109879589 A CN 109879589A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of annealing process for improving glass mechanical property, and its step are as follows: step 1: by once being annealed to rigid molding glass；Step 2: the glass once annealed is rapidly cooled；Step 3: the glass once annealed is cooled down at a slow speed；Step 4: primary annealing is then obtained into the slow optimum temperature annealing temperature that is warming up to of glass progress and carries out double annealing, and double annealing is respectively annealed 3 minutes using optimum temperature and minimum temperature；Step 5: the glass after double annealing is subjected to important cooling, prevents inside glass from generating permanent stress；Step 6: then important glass after cooling is rapidly cooled, to obtain finished glass.The annealing process of the raising glass mechanical property, the annealing effect of glass is increased, and reduces the content of internal residual stresses after glass molding, while be preferably minimized glass permanent stress after molding, to increase glass mechanical property after molding, keep glass firmer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to glass working arts field, specially a kind of annealing process for improving glass mechanical property.
Background technique
The production technology of glass includes: the processes such as ingredient, melted, forming, annealing, and wherein the annealing operation of glass is glass
Mostly important link in production process, glass annealing were primarily referred to as glass being placed in annealing kiln by the sufficiently long time
Cool down by annealing region or with slow speed, so as to no longer generate more than allowed band permanent stress and temporarily
Shi Yingli, or perhaps the process for as far as possible reducing or eliminating the thermal stress generated in glass, glass annealing can prevent glass
Glass is cooling too fast and there is a situation where burst appearance.
However, when glass cools under room temperature, after ectonexine temperature equalization, i.e., temperature gradient disappears in glass annealing process
After mistake, thermal stress is remained in glass, and this stress is known as permanent stress or residual stress, when most glass is annealed simultaneously
Without excessively paying attention to eliminating or reducing permanent stress, cause the permanent stress of glass entirety higher, after glass molding
Intensity it is very low, it could even be possible to there is the case where glass is directly burst appearance, and existing most glass annealing process is only
It anneals after glass is cooling, causes the permanent stress for starting to generate that may have residual, permanent stress is caused to be eliminated not
Thoroughly, glass mechanical property is reduced.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of annealing process for improving glass mechanical property, to solve above-mentioned background technique
In middle proposition glass annealing process, when glass cools under room temperature, after ectonexine temperature equalization, i.e., after temperature gradient disappears,
Thermal stress is remained in glass, this stress is known as permanent stress or residual stress, and there is no mistakes when most glass is annealed
It is pay attention to eliminating or reducing permanent stress more, cause the permanent stress of glass entirety higher, so as to cause glass intensity after molding
It is very low, it could even be possible to there is the case where glass is directly burst appearance, and existing most glass annealing process is only in glass
It anneals after cooling, causes the permanent stress for starting to generate that may have residual, cause permanent stress elimination to be not thorough, drop
The problem of low glass mechanical property.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: it is a kind of improve glass mechanical property annealing process,
Its processing technology is as follows:
Step 1: the high temp glass of rigid machine-shaping is once annealed, and the temperature of rigid machine-shaping glass is also kept
It in a more high temperature, is directly placed into annealing furnace and is cooled down, keep annealing furnace internal temperature at 570 degree, be just processed into
The high temp glass of type enters annealing furnace internal cooling to 570 degree, and carries out annealing 5-10 minutes, obtains an annealed glass；
Step 2: an annealed glass is cooled down at a slow speed, and annealing furnace internal temperature is dropped to 390 degree from 570 degree, is protected
The speed for reducing by 30 degree inside annealing furnace per minute is held to annealed glass progress Slow cooling 8 minutes, makes glass of once annealing
Glass temperature is gradually reduced to 390 degree, obtains tentatively cooling down glass；
Step 3: will tentatively cool down glass and be cooled down fastly, and annealing furnace internal temperature is dropped to 390 degree and drops to 40 degree, is protected
Hold reduces by 50 degree inside annealing furnace per minute, carries out cooling 7 minutes fastly to preliminary cooling glass, make tentatively to cool down glass temperature by
40 degree are gradually reduced to, obtains preliminary annealed glass, and preliminary annealed glass is stood until reaching room temperature；
Step 4: the preliminary annealed glass that will be cooled to room temperature, which is put into inside annealing furnace, carries out double annealing, to annealing furnace
Inside carries out uniform heating, keeps being heated to 540-550 degree inside annealing furnace to increase by 70 degree of speed per minute, makes tentatively to move back
Flint glass is gradually heated up to 540-550 degree, and 540-550 degree inside annealing furnace is kept to carry out annealing 3-5 to preliminary annealed glass
Minute, then reduce annealing furnace internal temperature makes preliminary annealed glass gradually be cooled to 520-500 degree to 520-500 degree, and protects
It holds 520-500 degree inside annealing furnace and annealing 3-5 minutes is carried out to preliminary annealed glass, to complete to the two of preliminary annealed glass
Secondary annealing obtains double annealing glass；
Step 5: double annealing glass is subjected to important cooling, the temperature inside annealing furnace is reduced to 470 from 500 degree
Degree keeps 5 degree of reduction per minute inside annealing furnace, 8-10 minutes cooling, so that preliminary annealed glass is gradually cooled to 470 degree, connects
The temperature inside annealing furnace is reduced to 380 degree from 470 degree, keep reducing by 10 degree inside annealing furnace per minute, cooling 10-12
Minute, so that preliminary annealed glass is gradually cooled to 380 degree, obtains preliminary cooling forming glass；
Step 6: preliminary cooling forming glass is rapidly cooled, and the temperature inside annealing furnace is reduced to from 380 degree
It 230 degree, keeps reducing by 30 degree inside annealing furnace per minute, so that preliminary cooling forming glass is gradually cooled to 230 within cooling 7-9 minutes
Temperature inside annealing furnace is then reduced to 70 degree from 230 degree by degree, keeps 50 degree of reduction per minute inside annealing furnace, cooling
4-6 minutes, so that preliminary cooling forming glass is gradually cooled to 70 degree, obtain finished products glass.
Further, 570 degree of an annealing temperature in the step 1 are the highest annealing temperature of glass, and high temperature glass
570 degree are kept when glass is once annealed, and guarantee that lower deviation is no more than 3 degree in temperature.
Further, the annealing furnace temperature in the step 2 drops to 390 degree of needs from 570 degree 6 minutes, then keeps moving back
Stove internal temperature is 390 degree and cools down to an annealed glass.
Further, the cooling of the step 3 to step 6 is identical as the cooling method in step 2, first will be wait drop
Warm object is gradually decrease to formulate temperature, is then maintained at annealing furnace temperature and formulates temperature cooling 1-5 minutes.
Further, the first time annealing temperature in the step 4 subtracts 20-30 degree for glass highest annealing temperature, and
Second of annealing temperature 520-500 in step 4 is the minimum annealing temperature of glass.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the annealing process of the raising glass mechanical property, by when glass just forms pair
Glass carries out just step annealing, and cooling can generate permanent stress and form residual stress after preventing glass from just forming, thus after preventing
Continuous annealing can not completely eliminate residual stress, increase the annealing effect of glass, and reduce in after glass molding
The content of portion's residual stress, while double annealing has twice annealing process, the temperature of twice annealing process is glass highest respectively
Annealing temperature subtracts 20-30 degree and the minimum annealing temperature of glass, and glass highest annealing temperature, which subtracts 20-30 degree, makes glass anneal
Optimum temperature, and 3 minutes optimum temperature annealing can eliminate 95% stress, annealing three minutes of low temperature thermal oxidation can disappear
Except 5% temperature, glass is set also to carry out the annealing of minimum temperature after the annealing for carrying out optimum temperature, by the permanent of inside glass
Stress is preferably minimized, and ensure that glass mechanical property after molding, while the cooling procedure in glass annealing is divided into two parts,
Wherein important cooling most possibly allows glass to form permanent stress prevents glass cold so being cooled down using extremely slow
But biggish permanent stress is generated during, etc. temperature lower than accelerating to cool down again after the minimum annealing temperature of glass, facilitate glass
Molding, while being quickly cooled down can make molding glass be reduced rapidly to room temperature, and two stages are equally arranged, and prevent glass cold
Too fast and fragmentation, the technique are preferably minimized glass permanent stress after molding, to increase glass mechanics after molding
Performance keeps glass firmer.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described
Embodiment one:
The invention discloses a kind of annealing process for improving glass mechanical property, processing technology is as follows:
Step 1: the high temp glass of rigid machine-shaping is once annealed, and the temperature of rigid machine-shaping glass is also kept
It in a more high temperature, is directly placed into annealing furnace and is cooled down, keep annealing furnace internal temperature at 570 degree, be just processed into
The high temp glass of type enters annealing furnace internal cooling to 570 degree, and carries out annealing 5 minutes, obtains an annealed glass；
Step 2: an annealed glass is cooled down at a slow speed, and annealing furnace internal temperature is dropped to 390 degree from 570 degree, is protected
The speed for reducing by 30 degree inside annealing furnace per minute is held to annealed glass progress Slow cooling 8 minutes, makes glass of once annealing
Glass temperature is gradually reduced to 390 degree, obtains tentatively cooling down glass；
Step 3: will tentatively cool down glass and be cooled down fastly, and annealing furnace internal temperature is dropped to 390 degree and drops to 40 degree, is protected
Hold reduces by 50 degree inside annealing furnace per minute, carries out cooling 7 minutes fastly to preliminary cooling glass, make tentatively to cool down glass temperature by
40 degree are gradually reduced to, obtains preliminary annealed glass, and preliminary annealed glass is stood until reaching room temperature；
Step 4: the preliminary annealed glass that will be cooled to room temperature, which is put into inside annealing furnace, carries out double annealing, to annealing furnace
Inside carries out uniform heating, keeps being heated to 540 degree inside annealing furnace to increase by 70 degree of speed per minute, makes just step annealing glass
Glass is gradually heated up to 540 degree, and keeps carrying out annealing 3 minutes to preliminary annealed glass for 540 degree inside annealing furnace, then reduces and moves back
Stove internal temperature makes preliminary annealed glass gradually be cooled to 520 degree to 520 degree, and keeps 520 degree of annealing furnace inside to preliminary
Annealed glass carries out annealing 3 minutes, to complete the double annealing to preliminary annealed glass, obtains double annealing glass；
Step 5: double annealing glass is subjected to important cooling, the temperature inside annealing furnace is reduced to 470 from 520 degree
Degree keeps 5 degree of reduction per minute inside annealing furnace, 8 minutes cooling, so that preliminary annealed glass is gradually cooled to 470 degree, then will
Temperature inside annealing furnace is reduced to 380 degree from 470 degree, keeps reducing by 10 degree inside annealing furnace per minute, cooling 10 minutes makes
Preliminary annealed glass is gradually cooled to 380 degree, obtains preliminary cooling forming glass；
Step 6: preliminary cooling forming glass is rapidly cooled, and the temperature inside annealing furnace is reduced to from 380 degree
It 230 degree, keeps reducing by 30 degree inside annealing furnace per minute, so that preliminary cooling forming glass is gradually cooled to 230 within cooling 7 minutes
It spends, the temperature inside annealing furnace is then reduced to 70 degree from 230 degree, keep reducing by 50 degree inside annealing furnace per minute, cooling 4
Minute, so that preliminary cooling forming glass is gradually cooled to 70 degree, obtains finished products glass；
The permanent stress of the finished products inside glass obtained according to embodiment one is almost completely eliminated, and annealed glass
Mechanical property it is higher, hardness is stronger；
Embodiment two:
The invention discloses a kind of annealing process for improving glass mechanical property, processing technology is as follows:
Step 1: the high temp glass of rigid machine-shaping is once annealed, and the temperature of rigid machine-shaping glass is also kept
It in a more high temperature, is directly placed into annealing furnace and is cooled down, keep annealing furnace internal temperature at 570 degree, be just processed into
The high temp glass of type enters annealing furnace internal cooling to 570 degree, and carries out annealing 8 minutes, obtains an annealed glass；
Step 2: an annealed glass is cooled down at a slow speed, and annealing furnace internal temperature is dropped to 390 degree from 570 degree, is protected
The speed for reducing by 30 degree inside annealing furnace per minute is held to annealed glass progress Slow cooling 8 minutes, makes glass of once annealing
Glass temperature is gradually reduced to 390 degree, obtains tentatively cooling down glass；
Step 3: will tentatively cool down glass and be cooled down fastly, and annealing furnace internal temperature is dropped to 390 degree and drops to 40 degree, is protected
Hold reduces by 50 degree inside annealing furnace per minute, carries out cooling 7 minutes fastly to preliminary cooling glass, make tentatively to cool down glass temperature by
40 degree are gradually reduced to, obtains preliminary annealed glass, and preliminary annealed glass is stood until reaching room temperature；
Step 4: the preliminary annealed glass that will be cooled to room temperature, which is put into inside annealing furnace, carries out double annealing, to annealing furnace
Inside carries out uniform heating, keeps being heated to 545 degree inside annealing furnace to increase by 70 degree of speed per minute, makes just step annealing glass
Glass is gradually heated up to 545 degree, and keeps carrying out annealing 4 minutes to preliminary annealed glass for 545 degree inside annealing furnace, then reduces and moves back
Stove internal temperature makes preliminary annealed glass gradually be cooled to 510 degree to 510 degree, and keeps 510 degree of annealing furnace inside to preliminary
Annealed glass carries out annealing 4 minutes, to complete the double annealing to preliminary annealed glass, obtains double annealing glass；
Step 5: double annealing glass is subjected to important cooling, the temperature inside annealing furnace is reduced to 470 from 510 degree
Degree keeps 5 degree of reduction per minute inside annealing furnace, 9 minutes cooling, so that preliminary annealed glass is gradually cooled to 470 degree, then will
Temperature inside annealing furnace is reduced to 380 degree from 470 degree, keeps reducing by 10 degree inside annealing furnace per minute, cooling 11 minutes makes
Preliminary annealed glass is gradually cooled to 380 degree, obtains preliminary cooling forming glass；
Step 6: preliminary cooling forming glass is rapidly cooled, and the temperature inside annealing furnace is reduced to from 380 degree
It 230 degree, keeps reducing by 30 degree inside annealing furnace per minute, so that preliminary cooling forming glass is gradually cooled to 230 within cooling 8 minutes
It spends, the temperature inside annealing furnace is then reduced to 70 degree from 230 degree, keep reducing by 50 degree inside annealing furnace per minute, cooling 5
Minute, so that preliminary cooling forming glass is gradually cooled to 70 degree, obtains finished products glass；
The permanent stress of the finished products inside glass obtained according to embodiment two is completely eliminated, and the power of annealed glass
Performance is high, and hardness is extremely strong；
Embodiment three:
The invention discloses a kind of annealing process for improving glass mechanical property, processing technology is as follows:
Step 1: the high temp glass of rigid machine-shaping is once annealed, and the temperature of rigid machine-shaping glass is also kept
It in a more high temperature, is directly placed into annealing furnace and is cooled down, keep annealing furnace internal temperature at 570 degree, be just processed into
The high temp glass of type enters annealing furnace internal cooling to 570 degree, and carries out annealing 10 minutes, obtains an annealed glass；
Step 2: an annealed glass is cooled down at a slow speed, and annealing furnace internal temperature is dropped to 390 degree from 570 degree, is protected
The speed for reducing by 30 degree inside annealing furnace per minute is held to annealed glass progress Slow cooling 8 minutes, makes glass of once annealing
Glass temperature is gradually reduced to 390 degree, obtains tentatively cooling down glass；
Step 3: will tentatively cool down glass and be cooled down fastly, and annealing furnace internal temperature is dropped to 390 degree and drops to 40 degree, is protected
Hold reduces by 50 degree inside annealing furnace per minute, carries out cooling 7 minutes fastly to preliminary cooling glass, make tentatively to cool down glass temperature by
40 degree are gradually reduced to, obtains preliminary annealed glass, and preliminary annealed glass is stood until reaching room temperature；
Step 4: the preliminary annealed glass that will be cooled to room temperature, which is put into inside annealing furnace, carries out double annealing, to annealing furnace
Inside carries out uniform heating, keeps being heated to 550 degree inside annealing furnace to increase by 70 degree of speed per minute, makes just step annealing glass
Glass is gradually heated up to 550 degree, and keeps carrying out annealing 5 minutes to preliminary annealed glass for 550 degree inside annealing furnace, then reduces and moves back
Stove internal temperature makes preliminary annealed glass gradually be cooled to 500 degree to 500 degree, and keeps 500 degree of annealing furnace inside to preliminary
Annealed glass carries out annealing 5 minutes, to complete the double annealing to preliminary annealed glass, obtains double annealing glass；
Step 5: double annealing glass is subjected to important cooling, the temperature inside annealing furnace is reduced to 470 from 500 degree
Degree keeps 5 degree of reduction per minute inside annealing furnace, 10 minutes cooling, so that preliminary annealed glass is gradually cooled to 470 degree, then
Temperature inside annealing furnace is reduced to 380 degree from 470 degree, keeps 10 degree of reduction per minute inside annealing furnace, it is 12 minutes cooling,
So that preliminary annealed glass is gradually cooled to 380 degree, obtains preliminary cooling forming glass；
Step 6: preliminary cooling forming glass is rapidly cooled, and the temperature inside annealing furnace is reduced to from 380 degree
It 230 degree, keeps reducing by 30 degree inside annealing furnace per minute, so that preliminary cooling forming glass is gradually cooled to 230 within cooling 9 minutes
It spends, the temperature inside annealing furnace is then reduced to 70 degree from 230 degree, keep reducing by 50 degree inside annealing furnace per minute, cooling 6
Minute, so that preliminary cooling forming glass is gradually cooled to 70 degree, obtains finished products glass；
The permanent stress of the finished products inside glass obtained according to embodiment three is almost completely eliminated, and annealed glass
Mechanical property it is higher, hardness is stronger；
A kind of annealing process of raising glass mechanical property of the invention, more traditional glass annealing process, the present invention are logical
Cross and preannealing carried out to glass after one-step forming at the beginning of glass, when preventing glass just one-step forming be cooling glass it is cooling too fast and in inside
Permanent stress is generated, prevents annealing operation from can not completely eliminate residual stress clean.It is remaining to reduce inside glass
Permanent stress, then double annealing is annealed using optimum annealing temperature and minimum annealing temperature, and guarantee it is cooling stablize and
It slowly carries out, to prevent inside glass from generating permanent stress, increases glass mechanical property after molding, make glass more
It is firm, so that the glass for producing technique is more suitable today's society needs.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
A variety of variations, modification, replacement can be carried out to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding
And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of annealing process for improving glass mechanical property, it is characterised in that: its processing technology is as follows:
Step 1: the high temp glass of rigid machine-shaping is once annealed, and the temperature of rigid machine-shaping glass is also maintained at one
A more high temperature, is directly placed into annealing furnace and is cooled down, and keeps annealing furnace internal temperature at 570 degree, rigid machine-shaping
High temp glass enters annealing furnace internal cooling to 570 degree, and carries out annealing 5-10 minutes, obtains an annealed glass；
Step 2: an annealed glass is cooled down at a slow speed, and annealing furnace internal temperature is dropped to 390 degree from 570 degree, keeps moving back
30 degree of speed is reduced inside stove per minute to carry out an annealed glass Slow cooling 8 minutes, makes an annealed glass temperature
Degree is gradually reduced to 390 degree, obtains tentatively cooling down glass；
Step 3: it will tentatively cool down glass and be cooled down fastly, annealing furnace internal temperature is dropped to 390 degree and drops to 40 degree, keeps moving back
50 degree are reduced inside stove per minute, cooling 7 minutes fastly are carried out to preliminary cooling glass, makes tentatively to cool down glass temperature and gradually drop
It is 40 degree, obtains preliminary annealed glass, and preliminary annealed glass is stood until reaching room temperature；
Step 4: the preliminary annealed glass that will be cooled to room temperature, which is put into inside annealing furnace, carries out double annealing, to annealing furnace inside
Uniform heating is carried out, keeps being heated to 540-550 degree inside annealing furnace to increase by 70 degree of speed per minute, makes just step annealing glass
Glass is gradually heated up to 540-550 degree, and 540-550 degree inside annealing furnace is kept to carry out annealing 3-5 minutes to preliminary annealed glass,
Then reduce annealing furnace internal temperature makes preliminary annealed glass gradually be cooled to 520-500 degree to 520-500 degree, and keeps moving back
520-500 degree carries out annealing 3-5 minutes to preliminary annealed glass inside stove, to complete to move back the secondary of preliminary annealed glass
Fire obtains double annealing glass；
Step 5: carrying out important cooling for double annealing glass, and the temperature inside annealing furnace is reduced to 470 degree from 500 degree, is protected
Hold reduces by 5 degree per minute inside annealing furnace, cooling 8-10 minutes makes preliminary annealed glass gradually be cooled to 470 degree, will then move back
Temperature inside stove is reduced to 380 degree from 470 degree, keeps 10 degree of reduction per minute inside annealing furnace, 10-12 minutes cooling,
So that preliminary annealed glass is gradually cooled to 380 degree, obtains preliminary cooling forming glass；
Step 6: preliminary cooling forming glass is rapidly cooled, and the temperature inside annealing furnace is reduced to 230 from 380 degree
Degree keeps reducing by 30 degree inside annealing furnace per minute, so that preliminary cooling forming glass is gradually cooled to 230 degree within cooling 7-9 minutes,
Then the temperature inside annealing furnace is reduced to 70 degree from 230 degree, keeps reducing by 50 degree inside annealing furnace per minute, cooling 4-6
Minute, so that preliminary cooling forming glass is gradually cooled to 70 degree, obtains finished products glass.
2. a kind of annealing process for improving glass mechanical property according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step 1
In 570 degree of an annealing temperature be glass highest annealing temperature, and 570 degree of holding when high temp glass is once annealed,
And guarantee that lower deviation is no more than 3 degree in temperature.
3. a kind of annealing process for improving glass mechanical property according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step 2
In annealing furnace temperature drop to 390 degree from 570 degree and need 6 minutes, then keeping annealing furnace internal temperature is 390 degree to once moving back
Flint glass is cooled down.
4. a kind of annealing process for improving glass mechanical property according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step 3
Cooling to step 6 is identical as the cooling method in step 2, is first gradually decrease to object to be cooled down to formulate temperature, then
It is maintained at annealing furnace temperature and formulates temperature cooling 1-5 minutes.
5. a kind of annealing process for improving glass mechanical property according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step 4
In first time annealing temperature be that glass highest annealing temperature subtracts 20-30 degree, and second of annealing temperature in step 4
520-500 is the minimum annealing temperature of glass.
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| CN201910293373.5A CN109879589A (en) | 2019-04-12 | 2019-04-12 | A kind of annealing process improving glass mechanical property |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111238461A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-05 | 中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 | Harmonic oscillator and preparation method thereof |
| CN112919786A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-06-08 | 金玛瑙香水（明光）有限公司 | High borosilicate glass stress-relief machining forming process |
| CN114434773A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-05-06 | 内蒙古师范大学 | Preparation system of large-diameter organic glass rod |
-
2019
- 2019-04-12 CN CN201910293373.5A patent/CN109879589A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111238461A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-05 | 中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 | Harmonic oscillator and preparation method thereof |
| CN112919786A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-06-08 | 金玛瑙香水（明光）有限公司 | High borosilicate glass stress-relief machining forming process |
| CN114434773A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-05-06 | 内蒙古师范大学 | Preparation system of large-diameter organic glass rod |
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Application publication date: 20190614 |
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