CN109877454B - Laser welding method for thin-film solar cell electrode - Google Patents
Laser welding method for thin-film solar cell electrode Download PDFInfo
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- CN109877454B CN109877454B CN201910287063.2A CN201910287063A CN109877454B CN 109877454 B CN109877454 B CN 109877454B CN 201910287063 A CN201910287063 A CN 201910287063A CN 109877454 B CN109877454 B CN 109877454B
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Abstract
The invention provides a laser welding method of a thin-film solar cell electrode, which comprises the following steps: (1) tightly attaching the stainless steel to be welded and the copper foil through a clamp; (2) the method is characterized in that a single-mode fiber laser is used as a laser light source, a high-speed vibrating mirror is used for conducting laser beams, a long focusing lens is used for focusing the laser beams, and the focused laser beams are guided by the high-speed vibrating mirror to move on a cross track on the surface of a product, so that stainless steel and copper foil are welded together after being melted. The invention can realize the reliable welding of stainless steel and copper foil of the electrode material of the thin-film solar cell, adopts the single-mode fiber laser as a laser light source, has good welding quality and high efficiency, can also reduce the thermal deformation of the material, adopts the long focusing lens to focus the laser beam, has large welding breadth, further improves the welding efficiency and meets the requirement of reducing the production cost of the thin-film solar cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser beam processing, in particular to a laser welding method of a thin-film solar cell electrode.
Background
Copper indium gallium selenide (Cu (In, Ga) Se _2, CIGS) thin film solar cells have been developed rapidly since the 70 s of the 20 th century, have completely realized industrial production, and are widely applied In the photovoltaic field. CIGS thin-film solar cells may be made of glass, metal foil (tape), Polyimide (PI), or the like as a substrate. The stainless steel substrate is high temperature resistant, has relatively matched thermal expansion coefficients, is suitable for roll-to-roll production processes, and has a wide prospect in industrialization and photovoltaic application of flexible CIGS thin film solar cells.
At present, the welding of the thin-film solar cell electrode mainly adopts an ultrasonic welding mode. For example, in patent "ultrasonic welding equipment for solar cell electrode", china, publication no: 101110458A. High-frequency electromagnetism generated in the ultrasonic welding process has certain harm to human bodies and is mainly reflected in the fact that skin burns are easily caused; if the long-term work is carried out in the environment with high-frequency electromagnetic field, the temperature of certain organs can be raised, and vegetative nerve dysfunction symptoms such as dizziness, hypodynamia, hypomnesis, dreaminess, alopecia and the like appear, see the reference document safety and protection in plastic ultrasonic welding, the authors repair waves in fields, and the Yangshi service; the following magazines: safety, health and environment, issue, publication, page number: 1997. 1, 5-7. The ultrasonic welding is in mechanical contact with the product and has certain pressure, so that the product is easy to deform, see the reference of the influence of the geometric dimension of a welding head on the plastic deformation of a copper/aluminum ultrasonic welding joint, and authors of Shandong, Zhaoyang and Zhang Yansong; the following magazines: thermal processing technology, term, publication, page number: 2013. 42(9), 149 and 151.
In the production of thin-film solar cells, the welding quality of electrode stainless steel and copper foil is particularly important, and the welding quality directly influences the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the service life of the cells. Meanwhile, the welding efficiency influences the efficiency of the whole production line, and the method has important significance for reducing the whole production cost of the battery. The existing ultrasonic welding method of the thin-film solar cell electrode is easy to harm human bodies, and the welding quality and the welding efficiency cannot meet the production requirements, so that a new welding method of the thin-film solar cell electrode is needed to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laser welding method of a thin-film solar cell electrode, and aims to solve the problems that the existing ultrasonic welding mode of the thin-film solar cell electrode is easy to damage human bodies, and the welding quality and the welding efficiency cannot meet the production requirements.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the invention provides a laser welding method of a thin-film solar cell electrode, which comprises the following steps:
(1) tightly attaching the stainless steel to be welded and the copper foil through a clamp;
(2) the method is characterized in that a single-mode fiber laser is used as a laser light source, a high-speed vibrating mirror is used for conducting laser beams, a long focusing lens is used for focusing the laser beams, and the focused laser beams are guided by the high-speed vibrating mirror to move on a cross track on the surface of a product, so that stainless steel and copper foil are welded together after being melted.
Furthermore, the clamp comprises a magnetic adsorption plate positioned on one side of the copper foil, and the two layers of materials are tightly adsorbed by the magnetic adsorption plate and the stainless steel.
Further, the fixture further comprises a lifting mechanism and a mounting seat, the lifting mechanism is mounted on the mounting seat, and the magnetic adsorption plate is fixed on the lifting mechanism.
Furthermore, a buffer mechanism for buffering the movement of the magnetic adsorption plate is further arranged on the mounting seat.
Further, the "cross" trajectory comprises two perpendicularly intersecting trajectory lines, which are curved lines having a certain width as a whole.
Further, the length of the track line is 1-4mm, and the width of the track line is 0.04-0.08 mm.
Further, the power of the single-mode fiber laser is 50W-100W.
Further, the operating speed of the focused laser beam is 100-200 mm/s.
Further, the focal length of the long focusing lens is greater than or equal to 330 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the laser welding method of the thin-film solar cell electrode can realize reliable welding of stainless steel and copper foil which are materials of the thin-film solar cell electrode, adopts the single-mode fiber laser as a laser light source, has good welding quality and high efficiency, can reduce thermal deformation of materials, adopts the long focusing lens to focus the laser beam, has large welding breadth, further improves the welding efficiency, and meets the requirement of reducing the production cost of the thin-film solar cell. The method can comprehensively replace ultrasonic welding, does not produce noise and other pollution in the production process, and is a green and environment-friendly production mode.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser welding fixture for electrodes of a thin film solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a "cross" track provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1-lifting mechanism, 2-magnetic adsorption plate, 3-mounting seat and 4-buffer mechanism.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a laser welding method of a thin-film solar cell electrode, which comprises the following steps:
(1) tightly attaching the stainless steel to be welded and the copper foil through a clamp;
(2) the method is characterized in that a single-mode fiber laser is used as a laser light source, a high-speed vibrating mirror is used for conducting laser beams, a long focusing lens is used for focusing the laser beams, and the focused laser beams are guided by the high-speed vibrating mirror to move on a cross track on the surface of a product, so that stainless steel and copper foil are welded together after being melted.
The laser welding method for the thin-film solar cell electrode provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize reliable welding of stainless steel and copper foil which are used as thin-film solar cell electrode materials, adopts a single-mode fiber laser as a laser light source, has good welding quality and high efficiency, can reduce thermal deformation of materials, adopts a long focusing lens to focus a laser beam, has large welding breadth, further improves welding efficiency, and meets the requirement of reducing the production cost of the thin-film solar cell. The method can comprehensively replace ultrasonic welding, does not produce noise and other pollution in the production process, and is a green and environment-friendly production mode.
In the embodiment, a single-mode fiber laser is used as a laser light source, the laser wavelength is 1070nm, the beam quality M2 is 1.05, wherein M2 is the beam waist radius of an actual beam multiplied by the far-field divergence angle of the actual beam/the beam waist radius of the Gaussian light velocity of a basement membrane multiplied by the divergence angle of the basement membrane, the theoretical M2 value is 1, and the closer the M2 value is to 1, the better the beam quality is. Because the single-mode fiber laser has excellent beam quality, the area of a light spot focused on the surface of a material by laser is very small, high power density (the power density is the area of laser power/laser acting on the surface of the material) is obtained more easily, the laser with high power density acts on the material, the material can be quickly melted and welded, and the welding efficiency is improved. Due to the fact that the thickness of the stainless steel and the copper foil of the thin-film solar cell electrode is small, thermal deformation is easy to generate in the welding process, the single-mode fiber laser is adopted, laser power needed to be input in welding is relatively small, namely total heat input is relatively small, and thermal deformation of the stainless steel and the copper foil can be effectively reduced.
Preferably, the clamp comprises a magnetic adsorption plate 2 located on one side of a copper foil, the stainless steel and the copper foil are attached to each other when moving to the upper part of the clamp, the stainless steel is located above the copper foil, the copper foil is located below the copper foil, and the magnetic adsorption plate 2 located on one side of the copper foil and the stainless steel attract each other to integrally suck the two layers of materials tightly due to the fact that the stainless steel material has magnetic conductivity, and therefore no gap exists between the two layers of materials. Because the magnetic adsorption plate 2 and the copper foil are in integral surface contact and non-point contact, and the surface of the stainless steel is not in mechanical contact, the deformation of the product or the scratch can be avoided. The structure of the clamp is shown in fig. 1, and the clamp comprises a lifting mechanism 1, a mounting seat 3 and a buffer mechanism 4. Wherein elevating system 1 fixes on mount pad 3, magnetic adsorption plate 2 fixes on elevating system 1, after the product reachd the position, elevating system 1 drives 2 upward movements of magnetic adsorption plate, with the product contact, the product is the material area form, both ends are taut around, through drive mechanism with the material area forward pulling, will need welded region to stimulate directly over the anchor clamps, through magnetic adsorption plate 2 with the laminating of stainless steel and copper foil tight, among the elevating system upward movement process, cushion the motion of magnetic adsorption plate 2 by buffer gear 4, avoid the rate of motion too fast, prevent that anchor clamps from damaging the product striking. After welding, the lifting mechanism 1 drives the magnetic adsorption plate 2 to move downwards to separate from the product, and the product can be moved away to finish welding.
When laser welding is carried out, a cross track is welded in each welding area of the surface of a product, the cross track comprises two perpendicularly crossed track lines, and the length of the track lines can be set. Due to the requirement of electrical conductivity and soldering strength, if the trace is a single straight line, the welding width is insufficient, and therefore the width of the trace needs to be widened. Preferably, the trace line is a curve having a certain width as a whole, as shown in fig. 2, the trace line of the present embodiment is a rectangular filling curve, and in other embodiments, the trace line may also be a curve having another shape. The embodiment is realized by a mode that a high-speed galvanometer guides a focused laser beam to run a rectangular filling curve, and the width of a track line of a cross is adjusted by setting the whole width D and the length L of the rectangular filling curve, so that the requirements on welding strength and conductivity are met.
Through process parameter optimization, the power of the single-mode fiber laser is preferably 50W-100W. The operating speed of the focused laser beam is 100-200 mm/s. The length of the track line is preferably 1-4mm and the width is preferably 0.04-0.08 mm. The welding quality is optimal under the parameters.
Preferably, the focal length of the long focusing lens is greater than or equal to 330mm, in this embodiment, 330mm, the effective welding breadth is 200 × 200mm, 5 "crosses" need to be welded on a single product, the distribution range is 180 × 60mm, in order to improve the production efficiency, two products are welded at one time, and the actually required welding breadth is 180 × 120mm, and is in the effective breadth of the lens. The time for one weld was 1.5 seconds.
For further improvement production efficiency, 8 products are welded at the laser welding workstation, the 1 st product of first welding, then drive the product through the motor and move to the assigned position, weld 2 nd product. The motor moves for 3 times, and the laser welding is carried out for 4 times, so that the welding production of 8 products is completed. The motor removes once consuming time 1s, and laser welding once consumes time 1.5s, 8 products of welding, and 3 times consuming time 3s are removed to the motor, and laser welding 4 times consumes time 6s, and the time of welding 8 products is motor movement time + laser welding time 3s +6s promptly and is 9s, satisfies the requirement of actual production.
After welding, the tensile force of the stainless steel and the copper foil is larger than 15N through testing, the resistance of a welding position is smaller than 0.2 ohm, and the quality requirement of a welding joint of the thin-film solar cell electrode is met.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. A laser welding method for electrodes of a thin film solar cell is characterized by comprising the following steps:
tightly attaching the stainless steel to be welded and the copper foil through a clamp;
adopting a single-mode fiber laser as a laser light source, adopting a high-speed vibrating mirror to conduct laser beams, adopting a long focusing lens to focus the laser beams, and guiding the focused laser beams to move a cross track on the surface of a product through the high-speed vibrating mirror so that stainless steel and copper foil are welded together after being melted; the clamp comprises a magnetic adsorption plate positioned on one side of the copper foil, and the two layers of materials are tightly adsorbed by the magnetic adsorption plate and the stainless steel; the fixture further comprises a lifting mechanism and a mounting seat, the lifting mechanism is mounted on the mounting seat, and the magnetic adsorption plate is fixed on the lifting mechanism.
2. The laser welding method of the electrode of the thin film solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the mounting seat is also provided with a buffer mechanism for buffering the movement of the magnetic adsorption plate.
3. The laser welding method of the electrode of the thin film solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the "cross" trajectory comprises two perpendicularly intersecting trajectory lines, which are curves having a certain width as a whole.
4. A laser welding method for electrodes of thin film solar cells according to claim 3, characterized in that: the length of the track line is 1-4mm, and the width of the track line is 0.04-0.08 mm.
5. The laser welding method of the electrode of the thin film solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the power of the single-mode fiber laser is 50W-100W.
6. The laser welding method of the electrode of the thin film solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the operating speed of the focused laser beam is 100-200 mm/s.
7. The laser welding method of the electrode of the thin film solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the focal length of the long focusing lens is greater than or equal to 330 mm.
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