CN109876841B - Method for preparing graphite-phase carbon nitride visible-light-driven photocatalyst by copolymerization of 2-amino terephthalic acid and amine compound - Google Patents

Method for preparing graphite-phase carbon nitride visible-light-driven photocatalyst by copolymerization of 2-amino terephthalic acid and amine compound Download PDF

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CN109876841B
CN109876841B CN201910058788.4A CN201910058788A CN109876841B CN 109876841 B CN109876841 B CN 109876841B CN 201910058788 A CN201910058788 A CN 201910058788A CN 109876841 B CN109876841 B CN 109876841B
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carbon nitride
amine compound
phase carbon
graphite
light
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CN109876841A (en
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师进文
程诚
毛柳浩
郭烈锦
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Abstract

A method for preparing a graphite-phase carbon nitride visible-light-induced photocatalyst by copolymerizing 2-aminoterephthalic acid and an amine compound comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the amine compound and the 2-aminoterephthalic acid to obtain mixed powder, and calcining the mixed powder at the temperature of 520-600 ℃ to obtain the graphite-phase carbon nitride visible-light-induced photocatalyst. The preparation method is simple, and the obtained novel graphite-phase carbon nitride has better visible light catalytic hydrogen production performance than the original carbon nitride.

Description

Method for preparing graphite-phase carbon nitride visible-light-driven photocatalyst by copolymerization of 2-amino terephthalic acid and amine compound
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing a graphite-phase carbon nitride visible-light-driven photocatalyst by copolymerizing 2-amino terephthalic acid and an amine compound, belonging to the field of energy material preparation and photocatalysis.
Background
The development of the human society is seriously restricted by the shortage of energy and environmental pollution which are two major problems of the energy and the environment in the current human society. On the one hand, the high-speed development of society makes the demand for energy more and more for human beings, and the energy used by us at present is mainly traditional fossil fuel, but the non-renewable property of the fossil fuel makes the fossil fuel have to be exhausted for one day. On the other hand, the combustion of fossil fuels, which causes serious environmental pollution and environmental damage, such as greenhouse effect, acid rain, photochemical smog, etc., poses serious threats to human survival. Therefore, it is becoming more urgent to find a clean and sustainable alternative energy source. The breadth of our country is broad, has extremely abundant solar energy resources, has great development potential, and can completely meet the national sustainable development requirement in the long-term development. However, the defects of low solar energy density, strong dispersibility, instability and discontinuity make us lack of effective means for efficient, low-cost and large-scale utilization of the solar energy. As early as 1972, Japanese academicians Fujishima and Honda irradiated TiO2The discovery that the electrodes lead to water decomposition to generate hydrogen enables the conversion of solar energy into hydrogen energy to be realized, and an ideal path is provided for solving various difficulties in the process of utilizing solar energy. The hydrogen production by utilizing solar photocatalysis to decompose water is regarded as a solar energy utilization mode with great potential, and the produced hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and nontoxic clean fuel, has high energy storage density, no pollution and easy use in combination with electric energyThe energy conversion and the like are regarded as the most ideal alternative energy.
Ideal graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C)3N4) The N-type organic polymer semiconductor has a triazine ring structure, and C atoms and N atoms are orderly and alternately arranged. The material is convenient and fast in preparation method, low in cost, good in chemical stability, and suitable in forbidden bandwidth (2.7eV) and band edge position, and meets the requirement of visible light catalytic water decomposition reaction, so that the material is more and more favored by the academic world in recent years. In 2008, Wang et al reported g-C for the first time3N4The research result shows that g-C has high hydrogen producing capacity3N4Can realize artificial synthesis by adopting a high-temperature polycondensation method between 400 ℃ and 600 ℃, and the calculation and analysis of an energy band structure prove that g-C3N4Is that it absorbs visible light and reduces H + to produce H2Provides guarantee and becomes a research hotspot of hydrogen production photocatalyst. But g-C3N4The inner sheets are not arranged exactly in the ideal graphite phase, but are stacked, so that the actual specific surface area tends to be low, and electron-hole pairs generated by photoexcitation recombine too quickly to efficiently reduce hydrogen ions. The above causes g-C3N4The photocatalytic activity is low, and an effective modification method is urgently needed to be found to further improve the photocatalytic hydrogen production capacity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a graphite-phase carbon nitride visible-light-driven photocatalyst by copolymerizing 2-amino terephthalic acid and an amine compound, the visible-light-driven photocatalyst of the copolymerized graphite-phase carbon nitride prepared by the method is obviously improved in visible-light-driven performance, about 3.2 times of that of the original graphite-phase carbon nitride, and the preparation method is simple.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing a graphite-phase carbon nitride visible-light-induced photocatalyst by copolymerizing 2-aminoterephthalic acid and an amine compound comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the amine compound and the 2-aminoterephthalic acid to obtain mixed powder, and calcining the mixed powder at the temperature of 520-600 ℃ to obtain the graphite-phase carbon nitride visible-light-induced photocatalyst.
In a further improvement of the present invention, the amine compound is at least one of urea, melamine and dicyandiamide.
A further improvement of the present invention resides in that the mass ratio of 2-aminoterephthalic acid to the amine compound is (0.1-1): 1000.
A further improvement of the present invention resides in that the mass ratio of 2-aminoterephthalic acid to the amine compound is (0.1-0.5): 1000.
A further improvement of the present invention is that the mass ratio of 2-aminoterephthalic acid to amine compound is 0.3: 1000.
A further improvement of the invention is that the calcination is carried out in an ash furnace.
A further improvement of the invention is that the calcination is carried out in an air atmosphere.
A further improvement of the invention is that the calcination is carried out for a period of 2 to 5 hours.
The invention is further improved in that the temperature is increased from room temperature to 520-600 ℃ at a temperature increase rate of 3-5 ℃/min.
The invention is further improved in that the specific process of mixing the amine compound and the 2-amino terephthalic acid is as follows: adding amine compound and 2-amino terephthalic acid into deionized water, dissolving to form transparent solution, heating, stirring, evaporating to dryness, and grinding the obtained powder uniformly with a mortar to obtain mixed powder.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a novel graphite-phase carbon nitride visible light catalyst prepared by copolymerization, which can synthesize novel g-C on a molecular level by the copolymerization of amine compound and 2-amino terephthalic acid3N4A photocatalyst. Through copolymerization, the chemical composition of the catalyst can be optimized, the semiconductor band structure can be regulated and controlled, the light absorption performance is improved, the separation efficiency of photon-generated carriers is improved, and the activity of hydrogen production through photocatalytic water decomposition is greatly improved. The method has the following advantages:
1) the synthesis process is simple, and no environmental pollution by-product is generated;
2) the amine compound and a very small amount of 2-amino-p-phenyl-dibenzoic acid are used as precursors, so that the cost is low;
3) the obtained sample obviously improves the activity of hydrogen generated by decomposing water by visible light catalysis, and is about 3.2 times of the original graphite phase carbon nitride.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a molecular structural formula of 2-aminoterephthalic acid used in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of novel graphite-phase carbon nitride prepared by copolymerization of 2-aminoterephthalic acid in various proportions obtained in comparative example 1 and examples 1 to 5 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the UV/VIS absorption spectra of novel graphite-phase carbon nitride prepared by copolymerization of 2-aminoterephthalic acid in different ratios prepared in comparative example 1 and examples 1 to 5.
FIG. 4 is a TEM image of CN-3.0 prepared in example 1 of the present invention
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the visible light hydrogen production performance of the novel graphite-phase carbon nitride prepared by copolymerization of 2-aminoterephthalic acid with different proportions, prepared in comparative example 1 and examples 1 to 5, according to the present invention. .
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following figures and embodiments, which should be understood to illustrate and not to limit the present invention.
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The method for preparing the graphite-phase carbon nitride visible-light-driven photocatalyst by copolymerizing the 2-aminoterephthalic acid (see figure 1) and the amine compound comprises the following steps: and uniformly mixing the amine compound and the 2-aminoterephthalic acid to obtain mixed powder, then putting the mixed powder into a crucible, covering the crucible in an ash furnace to calcine in the air atmosphere, raising the temperature from room temperature to 520-600 ℃ at the heating rate of 3-5 ℃/min, and calcining for 2-5 hours at the temperature of 520-600 ℃ to obtain the graphite-phase carbon nitride visible light catalyst.
Wherein the amine compound is one or more of urea, melamine and dicyandiamide.
The mass ratio of the 2-aminoterephthalic acid to the amine compound is (0.1-1): 1000.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the 2-aminoterephthalic acid to the amine compound is (0.1-0.5): 1000.
More preferably, the mass ratio of 2-aminoterephthalic acid to amine compound is 0.3: 1000.
The specific process for mixing the amine compound and the 2-amino terephthalic acid is as follows: adding amine compound and 2-amino terephthalic acid into deionized water, dissolving to form transparent solution, heating, stirring, evaporating to dryness, and grinding the obtained powder uniformly with a mortar to obtain mixed powder. Or the amine compound and the 2-amino terephthalic acid can be directly and uniformly mixed to obtain mixed powder.
Comparative example 1
10g of urea was dissolved in 20mL of deionized water to form a transparent mixed solution, which was then stirred and evaporated to dryness in a 70 ℃ water bath. The resulting mixture was ground uniformly in a mortar, added to a 50mL crucible with a lid, and then the crucible was placed in an ash oven, heated from room temperature to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, held for 4 hours, and naturally cooled to room temperature. Thus obtaining the novel graphite-phase carbon nitride for copolymerization to be subjected to performance test.
Example 1
10g of urea and 0.5mg of 2-amino terephthalic acid were dissolved in 20mL of deionized water to form a transparent mixed solution, and the solution was stirred and evaporated to dryness in a 70 ℃ water bath. The resulting mixture was ground uniformly in a mortar, added to a 50mL crucible with a lid, and then the crucible was placed in an ash oven, heated from room temperature to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, held for 4 hours, and naturally cooled to room temperature. Thus obtaining the novel graphite-phase carbon nitride for copolymerization to be subjected to performance test.
Example 2
10g of urea and 1mg of 2-amino terephthalic acid are dissolved in 20mL of deionized water to form a transparent mixed solution, and the transparent mixed solution is stirred and evaporated in a water bath kettle at the temperature of 70 ℃. The resulting mixture was ground uniformly in a mortar, added to a 50mL crucible with a lid, and then the crucible was placed in an ash oven, heated from room temperature to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, held for 4 hours, and naturally cooled to room temperature. Thus obtaining the novel graphite-phase carbon nitride for copolymerization to be subjected to performance test.
Example 3
10g of urea and 3mg of 2-amino terephthalic acid were dissolved in 20mL of deionized water to form a transparent mixed solution, and the solution was stirred and evaporated to dryness in a 70 ℃ water bath. The resulting mixture was ground uniformly in a mortar, added to a 50mL crucible with a lid, and then the crucible was placed in an ash oven, heated from room temperature to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, held for 4 hours, and naturally cooled to room temperature. Thus obtaining the novel graphite-phase carbon nitride for copolymerization to be subjected to performance test.
Example 4
10g of urea and 5mg of 2-amino terephthalic acid are dissolved in 20mL of deionized water to form a transparent mixed solution, and the transparent mixed solution is stirred and evaporated in a water bath kettle at the temperature of 70 ℃. The resulting mixture was ground uniformly in a mortar, added to a 50mL crucible with a lid, and then the crucible was placed in an ash oven, heated from room temperature to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, held for 4 hours, and naturally cooled to room temperature. Thus obtaining the novel graphite-phase carbon nitride for copolymerization to be subjected to performance test.
Example 5
10g of urea and 7mg of 2-amino terephthalic acid were dissolved in 20mL of deionized water to form a transparent mixed solution, and the solution was stirred and evaporated to dryness in a 70 ℃ water bath. The resulting mixture was ground uniformly in a mortar, added to a 50mL crucible with a lid, and then the crucible was placed in an ash oven, heated from room temperature to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, held for 4 hours, and naturally cooled to room temperature. Thus obtaining the novel graphite-phase carbon nitride for copolymerization to be subjected to performance test.
Example 6
And uniformly mixing the amine compound and the 2-aminoterephthalic acid to obtain mixed powder, then putting the mixed powder into a crucible, covering the crucible in an ash furnace to calcine in the air atmosphere, raising the temperature from room temperature to 600 ℃ at the rate of 3 ℃/min, and calcining for 2 hours to obtain the graphite-phase carbon nitride visible light catalyst.
Wherein the amine compound is melamine.
The mass ratio of 2-aminoterephthalic acid to amine compound was 0.2: 1000.
Example 7
And uniformly mixing the amine compound and the 2-aminoterephthalic acid to obtain mixed powder, then putting the mixed powder into a crucible, covering the crucible in an ash furnace to calcine in the air atmosphere, raising the temperature from room temperature to 570 ℃ at the temperature rise rate of 4 ℃/min, and calcining for 3 hours to obtain the graphite-phase carbon nitride visible light catalyst.
Wherein the amine compound is a mixture of melamine and dicyandiamide.
The mass ratio of 2-aminoterephthalic acid to amine compound was 0.6: 1000.
Example 8
And uniformly mixing the amine compound and the 2-aminoterephthalic acid to obtain mixed powder, then putting the mixed powder into a crucible, covering the crucible in an ash furnace to calcine in the air atmosphere, raising the temperature from room temperature to 570 ℃ at the temperature rise rate of 4 ℃/min, and calcining for 3 hours to obtain the graphite-phase carbon nitride visible light catalyst.
Wherein the amine compound is a mixture of urea, melamine and dicyandiamide.
The mass ratio of 2-aminoterephthalic acid to amine compound was 0.3: 1000.
Referring to fig. 2, it can be seen from fig. 2 that g-C corresponds to 27.4 ° in 2 θ3N4The (002) crystal face of (a) is layered with graphite-like particles belonging to a pi-conjugated plane, and 2 θ is 13.0 ° corresponding to g-C3N4The (100) plane of (A) is classified as a repeating unit of the heptazine ring. Without significant destruction of g-C by copolymerization3N4The stacking structure and the connection method.
Referring to FIG. 3, it can be seen from FIG. 3 that the novel g-C produced by copolymerization increases with the addition of 2-aminoterephthalic acid3N4Light absorption ofThe yield is obviously improved.
Referring to fig. 4, it can be seen from fig. 4 that the surface of the CN-3.0 sample has significant pores, which are significantly thinner than the original carbon nitride sheet layer, which facilitates the separation of carriers.
And (3) carrying out visible light catalytic hydrogen production performance test on the novel copolymerized graphite-phase carbon nitride prepared in the comparative example 1 and the implementation steps 1-5 according to the following steps:
adding 10mg of novel graphite-phase carbon nitride visible light photocatalyst prepared by copolymerization into a reactor with the volume of 110mL, adding 72mL of deionized water, adding 8mL of triethanolamine as a sacrificial agent, and adding 500 mu L of H containing Pt with the mass concentration of 0.5978mg/mL2PtCl6The solution was subjected to photo-deposition of promoter Pt. The reactor was purged with nitrogen for 15 minutes before irradiation to remove oxygen from the solution. Starting a 300W xenon lamp, adding a 420nm cut-off filter, turning on a magnetic stirrer to stir the solution in the reactor to generate H2Detection was performed using gas chromatography. As shown in fig. 5, it is a graph of the visible light hydrogen production performance of the novel graphite-phase carbon nitride prepared by copolymerization of 2-amino terephthalic acid with different proportions. The abscissa represents the 2-aminoterephthalic acid content in the precursor, respectively 0mg, 0.5mg, 1mg, 3mg, 5mg, 7mg, and the ordinate represents the hydrogen generation rate (. mu. mol. h)-1·gcat -1). It can be seen that the hydrogen production activity of the novel graphite-phase carbon nitride prepared by adding 3mg of 2-amino terephthalic acid for copolymerization is the highest and reaches 10600 mu mol.h-1·gcat -1While the hydrogen production activity of the original carbon nitride material was 3323. mu. mol. h-1·gcat -1. Therefore, the catalytic activity of the novel graphite-phase carbon nitride prepared by copolymerization is obviously improved compared with that of the original carbon nitride, and the hydrogen production rate is about 3.2 times of that of the original carbon nitride.
The above description of the embodiments is merely provided to aid in understanding the methods and core techniques of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Any modification, replacement, improvement or the like within the principles of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are within the scope of the present application.

Claims (7)

1. A method for preparing a graphite-phase carbon nitride visible-light-induced photocatalyst by copolymerizing 2-aminoterephthalic acid and an amine compound is characterized in that urea and 2-aminoterephthalic acid are uniformly mixed to obtain mixed powder, and then the mixed powder is calcined for 2-5 hours at the temperature of 520-600 ℃ to obtain the graphite-phase carbon nitride visible-light-induced photocatalyst; wherein the mass ratio of the 2-amino terephthalic acid to the urea is (0.1-1): 1000.
2. The method for preparing the graphite-phase carbon nitride visible-light-driven photocatalyst by copolymerizing 2-aminoterephthalic acid and an amine compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of 2-aminoterephthalic acid to urea is (0.1-0.5): 1000.
3. The method for preparing the graphite-phase carbon nitride visible-light-driven photocatalyst by copolymerizing 2-aminoterephthalic acid and an amine compound as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of 2-aminoterephthalic acid to urea is 0.3: 1000.
4. The method for preparing a graphite-phase carbon nitride visible-light-driven photocatalyst by copolymerizing 2-aminoterephthalic acid and an amine compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calcination is carried out in an ash furnace.
5. The method for preparing a graphite-phase carbon nitride visible-light-driven photocatalyst by copolymerizing 2-aminoterephthalic acid and an amine compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calcination is carried out in an air atmosphere.
6. The method for preparing a graphite-phase carbon nitride visible-light-driven photocatalyst by copolymerizing 2-aminoterephthalic acid and an amine compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature is raised from room temperature to 520-600 ℃ at a temperature raising rate of 3-5 ℃/min.
7. The method for preparing the graphite-phase carbon nitride visible-light-driven photocatalyst by copolymerizing the 2-aminoterephthalic acid and the amine compound according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of mixing the urea and the 2-aminoterephthalic acid is as follows: adding urea and 2-amino terephthalic acid into deionized water, dissolving to form a transparent solution, heating, stirring, and evaporating to dryness, and grinding the obtained powder uniformly by using a mortar to obtain mixed powder.
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