CN109874387A - Modular multi-level converter with the unit for being organized into cluster - Google Patents
Modular multi-level converter with the unit for being organized into cluster Download PDFInfo
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- CN109874387A CN109874387A CN201680088483.2A CN201680088483A CN109874387A CN 109874387 A CN109874387 A CN 109874387A CN 201680088483 A CN201680088483 A CN 201680088483A CN 109874387 A CN109874387 A CN 109874387A
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of modular multi-level converter includes phase arm and current transformer control structure with the unit for being organized into cluster, current transformer control structure includes control target control set (12), at least one collection GSU group selection unit (14A, 4B) and clustered control device (16A, 16J), one clustered control unit of each cluster, wherein control target control set (12) determines to meet the number of the unit of the control required phase arm of targetAnd notify collection GSU group selection unit (14A), collection GSU group selection unit (14A) obtains cluster voltage measuring value from each clustered control device (16A, 16J)Using precedence scheme between cluster, at least one first cluster (CL1) is selected based on acquired cluster voltage measuring value, and the first clustered control device (16A) is ordered to control the unit of the first cluster, then the first cluster come selecting unit and controls their change conduction states according to unit precedence scheme in cluster.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to modular multi-level converters, and for controlling the unit in the modular multi-level converter
Method and computer program product.
Background technique
Modular multi-level converter is in many different power transmission environment using meaningful.They can example
Such as be used as direct current (DC) electrical power transmission system (such as high voltage direct current (HVDC)) and exchange (AC) electrical power transmission system (such as flexibility
Ac transmission system (FACTS)) in voltage source converter.
There are multiple concatenation units in these current transformers, each concatenation unit includes multiple switch and offer cell voltage
Energy storage elements, wherein unit can be controlled, by being inserted into cell voltage into phase arm or exiting unit from phase arm
Voltage helps to form waveform in phase arm.
Meanwhile these current transformers voltage level to be offered has increased, such as so as to identical or lower current transformer
Loss obtains increased electric power transmission capacity.The voltage level of known 800kV or more has been used for such as superhigh voltage DC
(UHVDC) system.
It is a kind of enhance transmittability obvious method be by simply by multiple element stacks together.But when this
When sample is done, it is possible that other problem.
It is likely difficult to modulate the voltage for synthesizing multiple units with reasonable low switching frequency.It is likely difficult to as each unit
The enough insertion time is realized to realize switch motion appropriate.It is likely difficult to obtain and is capable of handling multiple input/output (I/
O) the control structure of signal.
The present invention is provided for one or more of solving these problems.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to provide enough units for the modular multi-level converter with multiple units to be inserted into the time.
According in a first aspect, the purpose is realized by a kind of modular multi-level converter, which becomes
Flowing device includes at least one phase arm with the unit of multiple series connections, and wherein unit is configured to provide at least one electricity
Pressure contribution, which helps the formation of AC wave shape, and wherein the unit of phase arm is organized into cluster, becomes
Flowing device further includes current transformer control structure, which includes control target control set, at least one collection mass selection
Select device and multiple clustered control devices, one clustered control device of each cluster,
Wherein control target control set, which is configured to determine that during current time interval, controls target institute to meet
The number of the unit of phase arm to be used is needed, and notifies the number to collection GSU group selection unit,
Collection GSU group selection unit is configured as:
Cluster voltage measuring value is obtained from each clustered control device,
At least one first collection is selected using precedence scheme between cluster, based on acquired cluster voltage measuring value
Group, and
The first clustered control device is ordered to control the unit of selected first cluster, to be expired for allowing to control target
Foot, and
First clustered control device is configured as: according to unit precedence scheme in cluster, selecting the unit of the first cluster
And it controls selected unit and changes the conduction state in current time interval.
According to second aspect, the purpose is by a kind of method of the unit in control module Multilevel Inverters come real
Existing, which includes at least one phase arm with the unit of multiple series connections, which is configured
For providing at least one voltage contributions, which helps the formation of AC wave shape, and wherein phase arm
Unit is organized into cluster, and this method is performed in current transformer control structure and includes:
Determine the number for meeting the unit for controlling the required phase arm of target during current time interval,
Cluster voltage measuring value is obtained from each cluster,
At least one first collection is selected using precedence scheme between cluster, based on acquired cluster voltage measuring value
Group, and
According to unit precedence scheme in cluster, select the unit of the first cluster and control selected unit change to work as
Conduction state in preceding time interval, for allowing current transformer control structure to meet control target.
According to the third aspect, which passes through a kind of computer for the unit in control module Multilevel Inverters
Program product realizes that the modular multi-level converter includes at least one phase arm with the unit of multiple series connections,
The unit is configured to provide at least one voltage contributions, which helps the formation of AC wave shape, and
And wherein the unit of phase arm is organized into cluster, which includes that there are the data of computer program code to carry
Body, the computer program code are configured as making current transformer control structure:
Determine the number for meeting the unit for controlling the required phase arm of target during current time interval,
Cluster voltage measuring value is obtained from each cluster,
At least one first collection is selected using precedence scheme between cluster, based on acquired cluster voltage measuring value
Group, and
According to unit precedence scheme in cluster, select the unit of the first cluster and control selected unit and change to exist
Conduction state in current time interval, for allowing current transformer control structure to meet control target.
The present invention has lot of advantages.Distributed control structure can reduce for each control device I/O require and
Calculating task.Low-loss, small three-phase alternating current filter specifications, independent Reactive Power Control and black may be implemented in the current transformer
Starting ability.Furthermore, it is possible to increase the number of unit of each arm without increasing control structure ability, control complexity, and not
Reduce condenser voltage balanced capacity.By using cluster concept, factory's assembly can be carried out to a greater extent.It can also be
The place for installing current transformer carries out cluster assembling, to meet these requirements.Cluster can be made to be suitble to maximum suitable dimension and again
Amount is to transport (for example, container).Further, it is also possible to factory testing is carried out to larger device in the form of cluster and is freezed,
To accelerating work on the spot and debugging, and reduce new hand fail (infant failures) a possibility that.Due to entire cluster
It can be used as spare and be saved and be easy to be replaced, therefore more easily control can be safeguarded and be repaired.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1, which is schematically shown, to be connected between pole and ground and the modularization of the unit including being grouped into cluster is more
Level voltage source current transformer,
Fig. 2 schematically shows the current transformer control structure provided for voltage source converter and control unit cluster,
Fig. 3 is schematically shown between the first and second upper limit voltage level and the first and second lower voltage limit level
The variation of cluster voltage measuring value and cell voltage,
Fig. 4 shows the process of the multiple method and steps executed by the control target control set of current transformer control structure
Figure,
Fig. 5 shows the flow chart of multiple method and steps by the collection GSU group selection unit execution of current transformer control structure,
Fig. 6 is shown by multiple method and steps of the clustered control device execution of current transformer control structure,
Fig. 7 schematically shows the first method of the unit of control cluster,
Fig. 8 schematically shows the second method of the unit of control cluster,
Fig. 9 schematically shows the Third Way of the unit of control cluster, and
Figure 10 schematically shows the meter including at least part of computer program code for realizing control structure
Calculation machine program product computer program medium.
Specific embodiment
Hereinafter, it detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be given.
Fig. 1 shows more in the form of voltage source converter 10 or modular multi-level converter (MMC) based on unit
The simplification modification of level current transformer.Current transformer between exchange (AC) and direct current (DC) for being converted.Current transformer in Fig. 1
10 include the three-phase bridge being made of multiple phase feet.There are three phase feet in this case.It should be appreciated, however, that as substitution
Scheme, there may be such as only two phase feet.Accordingly, there exist the first phase foot PL1, the second phase foot PL2 and third phase foot PL3.Phase
Foot is more specifically connected between the first DC terminal DC1 and the 2nd DC terminal DC2, wherein the first DC terminal may be coupled to DC electricity
First pole P1 of force transmission system (such as high voltage direct current (HVDC) electrical power transmission system), and the 2nd DC terminal DC2 can connect
It is connected to ground, wherein the midpoint of phase foot is connected to ac terminal ACA, ACB, the ACC answered.In this example, phase foot is divided into two
A half portion: the first top half and the second lower half portion, wherein such half portion is also referred to as phase arm.
In addition, the first pole DC P1, which has, can be the first positive current potential Udp.Therefore, the first pole P1 is referred to as anode.
AC terminal ACA, ACB, ACC can for example be connected to AC system, such as Flexible AC Transmission System via transformer again
(FACTS).Phase arm between first pole P1 and first AC terminal ACA, ACB and ACC can be referred to as the first phase arm or top phase
Arm, and the phase arm between the first AC terminal and ground can be referred to as the second phase arm or lower part phase arm.
HVDC system can be more specifically in 800kV and the superhigh voltage DC system (UHVDC) operated above.
As described above, the voltage source converter of type shown in FIG. 1 is only that modular multilevel of the invention can be used
One example of current transformer.For example, current transformer can be used as reactive compensation device, such as static VAR compensator.
The voltage source converter 10 described in Fig. 1 has asymmetric monopolar configuration.Therefore it is connected between pole and ground.
As an alternative, it can be connected with symmetrical monopolar configuration or symmetrical bipole arrangement.In symmetrical monopolar configuration, the
Two DC terminal DC2 will be connected to the second pole with the second negative potential, second negative potential can it is big as the first current potential but
With opposite polarity.In symmetrical bipole arrangement, there is also the second poles.In bipole arrangement, also it will be present in phase foot
Third and fourth phase arm, wherein second and third phase arm will be connected to ground, the first phase arm be connected to the positive voltage of the first pole P1 with
Between second phase arm, and the 4th phase arm is connected between the negative voltage of the second pole and third phase arm.First AC terminal of phase foot
It will be arranged between the first phase arm and the second phase arm in symmetrical bipole arrangement, and the second AC terminal of same phase foot will be arranged
Between third phase arm and the 4th phase arm.In addition, phase arm is connected to AC terminal via phase reactor.
The phase arm of voltage source converter 10 in example in Fig. 1 includes unit (cell).Unit be can be switched with
For providing the unit (unit) of voltage contributions to the voltage formed on corresponding AC terminal.Then, unit includes and has
One or more energy storage elements, for example in form of a capacitor of one or two branch parallel connection of switch, wherein switching
Can switch facilitates the formation of waveform to begin through insertion voltage contributions corresponding with the voltage of energy storage elements.
When unit will stop facilitating the formation of waveform, the operation of switch again may be by exit the unit.
Unit is advantageously connected or cascade connection is in phase arm.
In the simplification example being presented in Fig. 1, there are six series connection or cascade units in each phase arm.Therefore,
The top phase arm of one phase foot PL1 includes six units C1p1, C2p1, C3p1, C4p1, C5p1 and C6p1, and the first phase foot PL1
Lower part phase arm includes six units C1n1, C2n1, C3n1, C4n1, C5n1 and C6n1.On top, there are at the unit both ends of phase arm
One phase arm voltage Uvppa, and there is the first phase arm electric current Ivppa to flow through in the phase arm of top.When top, phase arm is connected to the first pole
When P1, it is also considered positive phase arm.In lower part, there are the second phase arm voltage Uvpna at the unit both ends of phase arm, and under
There is the second phase arm electric current Ivpna to flow through in portion's phase arm.In addition, top phase arm links via first or upper arm reactor Laarm1
To AC terminal ACA, and lower part phase arm is attached to identical AC terminal ACA via second or lower arm reactor Laarm2.With class
As mode, the top phase arm of the second phase foot PL2 includes six units C1p2, C2p2, C3p2, C4p2, C5p2 and C6p2, and the
The lower part phase arm of two-phase foot PL2 includes six units C1n2, C2n2, C3n2, C4n2, C5n2 and C6n2.Finally, third phase foot
The top phase arm of PL3 includes six units C1p3, C2p3, C3p3, C4p3, C5p3 and C6p3, and the lower part phase of third phase foot PL3
Arm includes six units C1n3, C2n3, C3n3, C4n3, C5n3 and C6n3.In addition, top phase arm is respectively via corresponding first
Or upper arm reactor Lbarm1 and Lcarm1 and be attached to corresponding AC terminal ACB and ACC, and lower part phase arm is respectively via correspondence
Second or lower arm reactor Lbarm2 and Lcarm2 and be attached to identical AC terminal ACB and ACC.
The number of unit provided in Fig. 1 is only for showing the example of the principle for organizational unit.Therefore it must be emphasized that
, the number of the unit in phase arm can be quite high, and such as 1,000.
In order to improve the mode for the unit for handling this high number, unit is grouped or is organized into cluster, and each collection
Group may include the phase arm unit for the fixed number being physically close to each other.In Fig. 1, the cluster in the phase of top is illustrated only.
In this example, unit C1n1 and C2n1 forms the first cluster CL1, and unit C3n1 and C4n1 form the second cluster CL2, and single
First C5n1 and C6n1 forms third cluster CL3.It must be stressed that cluster may include more than two units.It is given later
An exemplary substitution number be 10.
The cluster of same type is also carried out in other phase arms.
The unit in phase arm usually is controlled by providing control signal to unit, to control the unit to meeting voltage
The contribution of reference, wherein Voltage Reference can be set to provide the waveform for meeting control target, pass to obtain certain electric power
It passs, such as active or reactive power is transmitted.Therefore it can control unit with for realizing various targets, wherein the shape of waveform can be with
It is a target.For control unit, current transformer control structure is provided.Current transformer control structure for phase arm includes control
Target control set 12, one or more collection GSU group selection units 14 and multiple clustered control device 16a, 16B, 16C, each cluster
One clustered control device.Accordingly, there exist the first clustered controls for controlling unit C1p1 and C2p1 in the first cluster CL1
Device 16A, for controlling the second clustered control device 16B of unit C3p1 and C4p1 in the second cluster CL2, and for controlling
The third clustered control device 16C of unit C5p1 and C6o1 in third cluster CL3 processed.Unit C1p1, C2p1, C3p1, C4p1,
C5p1 and C6p1 is to corresponding clustered control device 16A, 16B and 16C reporting unit voltage, electric current and temperature, and from the collection
Group control device 16A, 16B and 16C receive control signal, this is indicated by two-way dotted arrow.Clustered control device 16A,
16B and 16C is also communicated with collection GSU group selection unit 14, which is also indicated with dotted line four-headed arrow.Collect GSU group selection unit 14 again
It is communicated with control target control set 12, this is also indicated with two-way dotted arrow.Communication can be via communication channel, such as light
Communication channel and provide.
As described above, for a phase arm provide shown in control structure.Similar control can be provided for each phase arm
Structure.In this case, control target control set 12 can be what two collection GSU group selection units 14 shared, one of collection
GSU group selection unit is provided for top phase arm, and another collection GSU group selection unit is provided for lower part phase arm.As substitution
Scheme, it is possible to, for entire phase foot, there is only a collection GSU group selection units, this is special using full bridge unit
Ground is advantageous.Furthermore, it is possible to provide the structure of same type for all phase feet.In this case, target control set 12 is controlled
It is also shared for all phase feet.Alternatively, a control target control set can be provided for each phase foot.
Control structure can be realized by one or more computers.As an example, it can also be by using one
Or multiple field programmable gate array (FPGA) Lai Shixian.
In control structure, the cluster that clustered control device 16A, 16B, 16C are generally proximal to unit is arranged, and other devices
Positioned at a distance from the unit.Clustered control device 16A, 16B, 16C can be via cable (such as passing through optical fiber) even
It is connected to collection GSU group selection unit.
Fig. 2 schematically shows the control structures of phase foot, wherein there are control target control set 12, two shared
Collect GSU group selection unit 14A and 14B (one cluster selecting unit of each phase arm) and multiple clustered control devices, wherein uniquely showing
Clustered control device out be the clustered control device of top phase arm and then illustrate only the first clustered control device 16A and
Last clustered control device 16J.In addition, in this example, there is 1000 units in each phase arm, wherein each cluster includes 10
A unit.In order to simplify the figure, illustrate only the first cluster first unit and Unit the tenth and (the tenth cluster) first
Unit thousand.In addition, only indicating in the control provided by clustered control device 16A and 16J by associated with the first cluster CL1
The first clustered control device 16A execute control.It is all these to be used for the purpose of simplifying the understanding to various aspects of the present invention.
In the figure, control target control set 12, which is shown as obtaining, is used as desired active power value and reactive power
The controlling value P of value*、Q*And desired cell capaciator value(that is, desired cell voltage value of energy storage elements).
Control target control set 12 is also depicted as providing upper limit voltage index or phase arm voltage ginseng to the first collection GSU group selection unit 14A
It examinesAnd lower voltage limit index or phase arm Voltage Reference are provided to the second collection GSU group selection unit 14B
Control target control set 14 is also depicted as receiving average top phase arm voltage from the first collection GSU group selection unit 14AAnd average lower part phase arm voltage is received from the second collection GSU group selection unit 14BIn addition, the first collection GSU group selection unit
14A is shown as providing cluster index to the first clustered control device 16AAnd it is received from the first clustered control device 16A
Averaging unit voltage levelAnd the information of the potential unit being excluded of instruction.Indicate the information of the potential unit being excluded
It is maximum allowable index n heremaxN is indexed with minimum allowableminForm.First collection GSU group selection unit 14A is also depicted as
It is indexed to the last clustered control device 14J signalling of bouquet of top phase armFirst clustered control device 16A is shown as again
Control signal S is sent to the first unit of the first cluster CL1 and Unit the tenth1And S10, and it is electric from these unit acquiring units
Press measured value vC1And vC10。
As in fig. 2 it can be seen that current transformer should include a large amount of unit, such as 1,000 units.This will lead to respectively
Kind problem, is such as difficult to carry out modulation voltage with reasonable low switching frequency, it is difficult to realize the enough insertion time for each unit
To realize switching action appropriate, and it is difficult to obtain the control knot for being capable of handling thousands of input/output (I/O) signal
Structure.
In these problems, the insertion time may be most serious.
In order to solve this point, it is proposed that execute control strategy by current transformer control structure.
Describe how to execute this control according to control strategy referring now to Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, wherein scheming
3 show cell voltage variation, and Fig. 4 shows the flow chart of the multiple method and steps executed by control target control set 12,
Fig. 5 is shown by the flow chart of the first collection GSU group selection unit 14A multiple method and steps executed, and Fig. 6 is shown by selected
The method and step that the clustered control device (for example, first clustered control device 16A) selected executes.
It is appreciated that cell voltage is not static from Fig. 3, variation.It is inserted into the electricity of the unit in phase arm
Container is typically charged or discharges, this is determined by the sense of current of phase arm, and wherein positive current is usually to cell capaciator
Charging, and negative current discharges to cell capaciator.In addition, allowing cell voltage at the first upper limit voltage level V1UL and first
It rations the power supply and changes between voltage level V1LL, wherein having reached the unit of the first upper limit voltage level V1UL does not allow to be electrically charged, and
And the unit for having reached the first lower voltage limit level V1LL does not allow to be discharged.This is indicated, is in the first upper limit voltage level
The unit of V1UL is not inserted into for positive arm electric current, and the unit in the first lower voltage limit level V1LL is not inserted into for bearing
Arm electric current.Then, there is the unit close to the cell voltage of the first upper limit voltage level can have cell voltage variation VCMAX,
And there is the unit close to the cell voltage of the first lower voltage limit level V1LL can have cell voltage variation VCMIN。
In addition, this principle can also follow in cluster level.The unit of the available unit of clustered control device 16
Voltage and cluster voltage measuring value is formed, such as cell voltage average value VCAVE, which is allowed to
Change between two upper limit voltage level V2UL and the second lower voltage limit level V2LL, wherein the second upper limit voltage level V23UL has
It is lower than the first upper limit voltage level V1UL sharply and the second lower voltage limit level V2LL is higher than the first lower voltage limit level V1LL.
Cluster voltage measuring value can be used for instructing selection cluster.
Therefore, each unit control apparatus obtains the cell voltage of the unit in cluster and executes three activities.First
Activity is to be compared to each unit voltage and the first upper limit voltage level V1UL to determine whether there is any unit electricity
Pressure is equal to or higher than first upper limit voltage level V1UL, and the second activity is by each unit voltage and the first lower voltage limit
Level V1LL is compared to determine whether to deposit any cell voltage equal to or less than the first lower voltage limit level V1LL.With
This mode, in the case where cluster will be used to be utilized respectively positive arm electric current and negative arm electric current carrys out control unit, determination will be excluded
Which unit.N can be indexed by the previously mentioned maximum cluster of determinationmaxN is indexed with minimum clusterminTo determine potential arranged
The unit removed, and these indexes are supplied to the first collection GSU group selection unit 14A.In the case where any unit of no exclusion,
The value of these indexes will be equal to the total number of cluster unit and null set group unit.However, being had reached on first in any unit
It rations the power supply in the case where voltage level V1UL, then maximum cluster indexes nmaxAmount corresponding with nominal cell voltage will be reduced.With similar
Mode, will lead to minimum cluster at or below the unit of the first lower voltage limit level V1LL and index nminIncrease and nominal list
The corresponding amount of first voltage.Then minimum and maximum cluster index is reported to collection GSU group selection unit 14A.As can be seen that with this
Kind mode, the information about the potential unit being excluded for two current directions is determined, and is reported to cluster
Selection device, step 32.It should here be realised that the advice method of other potential units being excluded can be used, such as directly
Connect the number for providing the unit being excluded for the first electric current arm direction, and being excluded for opposite current direction
Another number of unit.
The third activity executed by each unit control apparatus is that the value of assembled unit voltage is above-mentioned to obtain
Cluster voltage measuring value, then the cluster voltage measuring value indicates the voltage level of cluster.This can be obtained as unit electricity
The average value of pressureOr averaging unit voltage.Another possibility is using summation.It as an alternative, can be with determination unit
The intermediate value of voltage.Then cluster voltage measuring value is also reported to the first collection GSU group selection unit 14A.Cluster voltage measurement as a result,
Value is also determined and is reported to the first collection GSU group selection unit 14A, step 34.
Now, by about the top phase arm of the first phase foot come be more fully described by control structure execute control.
The control determination first of target control set 12 will be provided in the phase arm of top for real in current time interval
Now control the voltage of target, step 18.In this example, control target is to make desired active-power P*With desired idle function
Rate Q*With desired balancing cell voltagesMatch.The control is only the example of control target, and is known.Electricity
Condenser voltage control can more specifically opened loop control or closed-loop control.
Active and Reactive Power Control can the Conventional measurements (not shown) based on active power and reactive power, and it is single
First balance of voltage can be based on the cell voltage average voltage of the measurement in the phase arm of upper and lower partWithCome carry out.Base
Then it in the data, controls target control set 12 and determines the Voltage Reference for top phase arm in a way knownWith the Voltage Reference for lower part phase arm
Top phase arm Voltage ReferenceSubstantially define facilitate in current time interval meet with reference to (that is, in order to
Meet control target) required for voltage or number of unit in the phase arm of top.Based on how many list needed in preceding time interval
Member, then it is known that how many unit be inserted into or exit in current time interval.
Then, reference will be sent to the first collection GSU group selection unit 14AAnd to collect GSU group selection unit 14A to first
Notify the cell voltage to be controlled, step 20.
Since control can be used for being formed waveform, some units may be had been inserted into phase arm, and therefore collect
GSU group selection unit knows that needs are inserted into how much additional units or need the unit how much being already inserted into exited or remove.
Therefore, the first collection GSU group selection unit 14A receives Voltage Reference from control target control set 12, that is, about working as
How many a units are needed to be inserted into information, step 22 with the voltage for meeting control target in preceding time interval.It is also with maximum
Cluster indexes nmaxN is indexed with minimum clusterminForm from each clustered control device receive about averaging unit voltage and with
The information of the potential relevant instruction of unit being excluded, step 24.
Collection GSU group selection unit 14A also has the knowledge about phase arm sense of current.Based on Voltage Reference, current direction and
Precedence scheme (inter-cluster priority scheme) between cluster relevant to phase arm current direction, cluster selection
Then device 14A selects the cluster that be inserted into or exit, step 26.Collection GSU group selection unit 14A is typically selected to have most herein
The cluster of high or minimum averaging unit voltage for insertion into or exit, wherein electric current be to unit charging positive phase arm electric current
In the case where, can choose the cluster with lowest element average voltage for insertion into or can choose with highest
The cluster of cell voltage average value is with for exiting, can be with and in the case where electric current is the negative arm electric current to cell discharge
Selection the cluster with highest cell voltage average value for insertion into or can choose with lowest element average voltage
Cluster with for exiting.
Hereafter, the collection selected clustered control device of GSU group selection unit 14A order controls the list of selected first cluster
Member is with for allowing to meet control target, and to avoid the mode for using the unit being excluded, step 28.As an example, should
Clustered control device can be the first clustered control device 16A.The order can be by being repaired to clustered control device 16A transmission
The cluster index changedTo complete.
The unit of cluster is operated usually as an entity.Usually it can be inserted into or exit in current time interval
All units other than the unit being excluded.This is indicated, if be excluded without unit, cluster indexIt will be with collection
The insertion of all units is corresponding in group.However, when in the presence of the unit that be excluded, not use, then can be by the collection
Group's index reduces amount corresponding with the number for the unit being excluded.This indicates that the first clustered control device is used to control list
The order of member may include the order to omit the unit being excluded from the control.
In addition, if being excluded without unit, then it may not be needed other clusters and participate in unit insertion or exit to reach
To desired voltage level.But if excluding one or more units in the cluster, it can not probably obtain the electricity
It is flat.
Therefore, in order to reach desired voltage level, collection GSU group selection unit can order another clustered control device to be controlled
System reaches unit required for the desired number of the unit of phase arm, such as to compensate the voltage for the unit being excluded, step 30.
This is indicated, if for example needing to be inserted into other two unit, collects another clustered control device insertion of GSU group selection unit 14A order
Two units, and exit two units if necessary, then collect another clustered control device of GSU group selection unit order and exits two
Unit (had previously been inserted into selected cluster).This indicates that the unit being excluded can be compensated by another cluster.It is another with this
The associated cluster of clustered control device can be the low cluster of the first cluster of priority ratio, such as according under priority orders
One cluster.It is also possible to special special cell compensation cluster.
In other words, therefore clustered control device is inserted into unit at voltage limitation, regardless of the original of Ji Qunxuanzezhuanzhichu
How is beginning reference voltage.Therefore, actual insertion index may be no longer identical.It can be in Ji Qunxuanzezhuanzhichu to make reality
Insertion index can correct the reference insertion index of clustered control device as close possible to the mode of reference voltage.The correction can
To be completed by subtracting additional insertion index to the additional insertion index of reference voltage addition or from reference voltage.
Here it can also mention, the change that collection GSU group selection unit can be indexed without cluster, but clustered control device
The number for being themselves based on the unit being excluded carries out adaptively.It is excluded however, collection GSU group selection unit may be still necessary to compensation
Unit.
Here it can be further noted that, required voltage change may also need lists more more than unit in cluster
Member.In that case it is possible to another clustered control device be ordered to control one or more units, even if selected collection
All units of group are not potential to be excluded.
Selected clustered control device (can be the first clustered control device 16A in the given example) then proceedes to
And select the unit to be operated, and hereafter control selected unit change in current time interval conduction state (that is,
Insertion phase arm is exited from phase arm), it can be according to unit priority in cluster relevant to arm current direction wherein being inserted into/exiting
Scheme (intra-cluster cell priority scheme) Lai Zhihang, step 36.Therefore, selection is in first upper limit or the
Unit in one lower voltage limit level, and exclude to be in, higher or lower than the unit of the voltage level, and control other lists
Member.For example, selected unit can be handled with the priority orders defined by each unit voltage.When there are negative arm electricity
When stream, it can be firstly inserted into the unit with highest cell voltage, and when there are positive phase arm electric current, can be firstly inserted into has
The unit of lowest element voltage.In a similar way, it when there are negative arm electric current, can exit first with lowest element electricity
The unit of pressure, and when there are positive phase arm electric current, the unit with highest cell voltage can be exited first.
The priority orders of unit can also be organized at voltage over zero.Therefore, collect GSU group selection unit and each collection
Group control device can change priority at current zero-crossing point.
In fig. 3 it can be seen that collection GSU group selection unit by by the cluster voltage measuring value of cluster (for example, average capacitance
Device voltage) it adjusts to obtaining cluster inner equilibrium in special frequency band.Clustered control device obtains interior cluster balance again, which will
Each condenser voltage in cluster is adjusted into another frequency band, wherein each frequency band can be according to acceptable condenser voltage
To design.
In addition, the mode for the unit being inserted into or exit in current time interval in cluster can be held according to some schemes
Row.It is, for example, possible to use two level schemes (two-level scheme), make it possible to be inserted into or exit all units simultaneously,
Multistage scheme (multistep scheme) can be used, wherein being sequentially inserting unit stepwise, or can be used with electromechanics
Square case (random level scheme), wherein being firstly inserted into first group of unit and being inserted into second group of unit.First
Kind situation is as shown in Figure 7, wherein carry out the variation of 20kV simultaneously for the first cluster CL1 of ten units, each unit tool
There is the cell voltage of 2.5kV.Second situation is as shown in Figure 8, wherein the variation from 0 to 20kV is with the rank of multiple equal sizes
Middle progress, wherein one rank of each unit.The third situation is as shown in Figure 9, wherein being carried out using random level from 0 to 20kV
Variation, which is all here 10kV for the first cluster CL1 in the form of two ranks.In this case, half
Unit can be used for the first rank, and the unit of half can be used for second-order.Here it is possible to should be mentioned that, can also make
With the voltage level (it is also example) of 2.5kV so as to for operation error margin is provided.
Further it is possible that using the first scheme shown in fig. 7, and working as cell voltage when cell voltage balance
When uneven, second and the third scheme are used.Therefore, whether can be balanced based on each unit voltage to carry out scheme
Selection.
It selection total harmonic distortion (THD) according to required by 3-phase power converter voltage of scheme and calculates and logical
Required time is believed to determine.
The present invention has lot of advantages.
As can be seen that cluster can be considered as variable voltage source, wherein Harmonics elimination occurs in cluster internal.Namely
It says, modulation and cell voltage balance occur in cluster internal, so that significant simplification and benefit are possibly realized.
The I/O that distributed control structure can reduce single controller is required and calculating task.Therefore, it can use and be based on
The current transformer of MMC replaces the thyristor current transformer based on current source for being rated for several GW being currently installed on.Controller can be real
Existing low-loss, small three-phase ac filter specifications, independent Reactive Power Control and black start-up ability.Furthermore, it is possible to increase every
The number of unit of a arm does not reduce condenser voltage balanced capacity without increasing control structure ability, control complexity.
By using cluster concept, factory's assembly can be carried out to a greater extent.It can also be on the ground of equipment to be installed
Fang Jinhang cluster assembling, to meet these requirements.Cluster can be made to be suitble to maximum suitable dimension and weight so as to transport (for example,
Container).Further, it is also possible to carry out factory testing to larger device in the form of cluster and freeze, to accelerate work on the spot
And debugging, and reduce a possibility that new hand fails.
It is saved and because entire cluster can be used as spare cluster due to using for cooling down and controlling signal
Simple interface and be easily changed, therefore more easily control can be safeguarded and be repaired.Give simple interface, it might even be possible to set
Think (hot plug) during operation automatically (passing through robot) exchange cluster.In this way it is possible to maintenance breaks are avoided, from
And reduce the gap for even reversing the reliability compared with traditional electric power network technique based on AC.
In a preferred embodiment, clustered control device can be provided at the potential of the unit in cluster.In this way, light
The control and be used for collecting signal that fine link docking switchs, it is not necessary to which full voltage is measured.The function of clustered control device
It may include modulation, the cell capaciator balance of voltage and protection feature.Therefore, at least some low latency communications may remain in collection
In group.
Accessory power supply required by cluster can for example be derived from the condenser voltage of one or more units in unit.Its
His option includes optical fiber power supply (power-over-fiber) or Microturbine in chilled(cooling) water return (CWR).
Clustered control device may only require a bi-directional communication channel.Therefore, the communication for being respectively capable of handling cluster needs
Two or more slacks asked can be routed to each clustered control device along different physical pathways, without
Excessive cost.Fault-tolerance can be increased in this way, to improve reliability.It is obtained in short, this is equivalent to the low of optic communication links
The reliability of more cost and raising.
By implementing standard interface (cooling medium, control, electrically), the interoperability from different manufacturers may be implemented
Cluster.
Another option is to be internally cooled cluster and by substitute medium than air (for example, oil, SF6
Gas or other premium insulation materials or cooling medium) and insulated.This can pave the way for more compact design.
According to other modification, cluster may include the unit with different topology and/or semiconductor technology.One example
Be using 90% equipped with HV grid change transistor (GCT) half-bridge cells and 10% equipped with lower blocking voltage
The combination of the full bridge unit of SiC MOSFET.In this configuration, GCT can be with fundamental frequency operation, and SiC MOSFET is with higher
Frequency operation.It thus can satisfy harmonic requirement, although most of semiconductors are with fundamental frequency operation.It as a result will be to realize HV
Semiconductor use and reduce overall semiconductor loss.
In addition, cluster can be connected in parallel with thyristor switch.It is other to bypass to may then pass through thyristor switch
The cluster on road, i.e., wherein all units will provide the cluster that the no-voltage of waveform is contributed.This has the conduction reduced in current transformer
The advantages of loss.
Half-bridge cells are assumed in the above description.But it can also use full bridge unit.
As described above, control structure can be realized in the form of discrete assembly.However, it can also with one or more at
The form for managing device is realized, wherein adjoint program storage includes the meter of control function needed for executing when running on a processor
Calculation machine program code.The computer program product for carrying this code can be provided as data medium, such as carrying computer
One or more CD ROM disks of program code or one or more memory sticks, hold when being loaded into wave analyzer
The above-mentioned wave analyzer function of row.Carry such data medium of 38 form of CD ROM disk of computer program code 40
As shown in Figure 10.
From the discussion of front, it is apparent that the present invention can be varied in many ways.It will therefore be appreciated that this hair
It is bright to be limited only by the following claims.
Claims (15)
1. a kind of modular multi-level converter (10), including with multiple series connections unit (C1p1, C2p1, C3p1,
C4p1, C5p1, C6p1) at least one phase arm, the unit is configured to provide at least one voltage contributions, it is described at least
One voltage contributions help the formation of AC wave shape, and wherein the unit of phase arm be organized into cluster (CL1, CL2,
CL3),
The current transformer further includes current transformer control structure, and the current transformer control structure includes control target control set
(12), at least one collection GSU group selection unit (14,14A, 14B) and multiple clustered control devices (16A, 16B, 16C, 16J), each
One clustered control device of cluster,
Wherein
The control target control set (12) is configured as: determining and controls target institute during current time interval in order to meet
Need the number of the unit of phase arm to be usedAnd the number is notified to the collection GSU group selection unit (14A),
The collection GSU group selection unit (14A) is configured as:
Cluster voltage measuring value is obtained from each clustered control device (16A, 16J)
At least one first cluster is selected using precedence scheme between cluster, based on the acquired cluster voltage measuring value
(CL1), and
The first clustered control device (16A) is ordered to control the unit of selected first cluster, for allowing the control
Target processed is satisfied, and
The first clustered control device (16A) is configured as: according to unit precedence scheme in cluster, selecting first collection
It the unit of group and controls the selected unit and changes conduction state in the current time interval.
2. modular multi-level converter (10) according to claim 1, wherein the cluster selection device can also operate
With order required for desired number of at least one other clustered control device to the unit for reaching the phase arm it is any in addition
Unit controlled.
3. modular multi-level converter (10) according to claim 2, wherein the cluster selection device can also operate
To obtain instruction relevant with the potential unit that is excluded in correspondence cluster from each clustered control device, wherein the second cluster
The order of control device includes the order to compensate the voltage for the unit being excluded.
4. modular multi-level converter (10) according to claim 3, wherein the unit being excluded include due to
With the cell voltage for being equal to or higher than the first upper limit voltage level (V1UL), the list being excluded for the first current direction
Member, and/or due to having the cell voltage equal to or less than the first lower voltage limit level (V1LL), for the second current direction and
The unit being excluded.
5. modular multi-level converter (10) according to claim 4, wherein the cluster voltage measuring value is allowed to
Change between the second upper limit voltage level (V2UL) and the second lower voltage limit level (V2LL), wherein second upper limit voltage
Level (V2UL) is lower than the first upper limit voltage level (V1UL), and the second lower voltage limit level (V2LL) is higher than institute
State the first lower voltage limit level (V1LL).
6. modular multi-level converter (10) according to any one of claim 3 to 5, wherein cluster selection dress
It sets and is configured as changing precedence scheme at current zero-crossing point with each clustered control device.
7. modular multi-level converter (10) according to any one of claim 1 to 6, wherein the selected collection
Whether group control device can operate to be balanced based on individual unit voltage, be controlled according to two level schemes or random level scheme
The unit.
8. modular multi-level converter (10) according to any one of claim 1 to 7, wherein each cluster further includes
The thyristor switch in parallel with cluster, the thyristor switch can be operated to be connected in the case where the cluster will be bypassed.
9. a kind of method of the unit in control module Multilevel Inverters (10), the control module Multilevel Inverters
It (10) include at least one phase arm with the unit (C1p1, C2p1, C3p1, C4p1, C5p1, C6p1) of multiple series connections,
The unit is configured to provide at least one voltage contributions, at least one described voltage contributions help the shape of AC wave shape
At, and wherein the unit of phase arm is organized into cluster (CL1, CL2, CL3), and the method is in current transformer control structure
It is executed in (12,14,14A, 14B, 16A, 16B, 16C, 16J) and includes:
Determine that (18) meet the number of the unit of the control required phase arm of target during current time interval
(24) cluster voltage measuring value is obtained from each cluster (CL1, CL2, CL3)
Selected using precedence scheme between cluster, based on the acquired cluster voltage measuring value (26) at least one first
Cluster (CL1), and
According to unit precedence scheme in cluster, selects the unit of (36) described first cluster and control the selected list
Member changes the conduction state in the current time interval, for allowing the current transformer control structure to meet the control mesh
Mark.
10. according to the method described in claim 9, further including appointing required for the desired number to the unit for reaching the phase arm
What other unit is controlled (30).
11. according to the method described in claim 10, further including the potential quilt obtained from each cluster in (24) and the cluster
The relevant instruction of the unit of exclusion, and the control of any other unit includes controlling the other unit to mend
Repay the voltage for the unit being excluded.
12. according to the method described in claim 10, wherein the unit being excluded includes being equal to or higher than the due to having
The cell voltage of one upper limit voltage level (V1UL), the unit being excluded for the first current direction, and/or due to have etc.
In or lower than the cell voltage of the first lower voltage limit level (V1LL), the unit that is excluded for the second current direction.
13. according to the method for claim 12, wherein the cluster voltage measuring value is allowed in the second upper limit voltage electricity
Change between flat (V2UL) and the second lower voltage limit level (V2LL), wherein the second upper limit voltage level (V2UL) is lower than institute
The first upper limit voltage level (V1UL) is stated, and the second lower voltage limit level (V2LL) is higher than the first lower voltage limit electricity
Flat (V1LL).
14. the method according to any one of claim 9 to 13, wherein to the unit in selected first cluster
The control include: whether balanced based on individual unit voltage, according to two level schemes or random level scheme to control
State unit.
15. computer program product of the one kind for the unit in control module Multilevel Inverters (10), the modularization
Multilevel Inverters (10) include having the units (C1p1, C2p1, C3p1, C4p1, C5p1, C6p1) of multiple series connections extremely
A few phase arm, the unit are configured to provide at least one voltage contributions, at least one voltage contributions help is handed over
The formation of waveform is flowed, and wherein the unit of phase arm is organized into cluster (CL1, CL2, CL3), the computer program produces
Product include the data medium (38) with computer program code (40), and the computer program code (40) is configured as making to become
It flows device control structure (12,14,14A, 14B, 16A, 16B, 16C, 16J):
Determine the number for meeting the unit for controlling the required phase arm of target during current time interval
Cluster voltage measuring value is obtained from each cluster (CL1, CL2, CL3)
At least one first cluster is selected using precedence scheme between cluster, based on the acquired cluster voltage measuring value
(CL1), and
According to unit precedence scheme in cluster, select the unit of first cluster and control the selected unit to change
Become the conduction state in the current time interval, for allowing the current transformer control structure to meet the control target.
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|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2016/072192 WO2018050256A1 (en) | 2016-09-19 | 2016-09-19 | Modular multilevel converter with cells organized in clusters |
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| CN108566101B (en) | 2016-12-16 | 2020-09-22 | 台达电子企业管理（上海）有限公司 | Modular power supply system |
| SE2050109A1 (en) * | 2020-02-03 | 2021-01-28 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Dc offset removal method and arrangement for hvdc systems |
| US11824461B2 (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2023-11-21 | North Carolina State University | MMC submodules scale-up methodology for MV and HV power conversion system applications |
| CN112383236B (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-10-22 | 华北电力大学 | Modular multilevel converter maintenance method and system based on online monitoring |
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| CN105048844A (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2015-11-11 | 西门子公司 | Pulse width modulation control for a multilevel converter |
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| CN105048844A (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2015-11-11 | 西门子公司 | Pulse width modulation control for a multilevel converter |
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| YUEBIN ZHOU等: "A Control System for Large-Scale Modular", 《IECON 2013 - 39TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY》 * |
| YUEBIN ZHOU等: "A Prototype of Modular Multilevel Converters", 《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS》 * |
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