CN109874351B - Miniaturized, efficient design for near field power transfer systems - Google Patents
Miniaturized, efficient design for near field power transfer systems Download PDFInfo
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- CN109874351B CN109874351B CN201780062480.6A CN201780062480A CN109874351B CN 109874351 B CN109874351 B CN 109874351B CN 201780062480 A CN201780062480 A CN 201780062480A CN 109874351 B CN109874351 B CN 109874351B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
- H02J50/23—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves characterised by the type of transmitting antennas, e.g. directional array antennas or Yagi antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/26—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength
- H01Q9/27—Spiral antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
- H01Q9/285—Planar dipole
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
- H01Q9/40—Element having extended radiating surface
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/70—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields
Abstract
Embodiments of a near field power transfer system are disclosed herein that may include antenna elements constructed or printed in close proximity to one another in a curved arrangement. In a curved arrangement, adjacent antenna elements conduct currents flowing in opposite directions. This current flow completely or almost completely cancels out any far field RF radiation generated by the antenna or by the electromagnetic effects of the current flow. In other words, for a first current flowing in the first path, there may be a second current flowing in a second cancellation path that cancels far-field radiation generated by the first current flowing in the first path. Thus, there may be no radiation of power to the far field. However, such cancellation may not occur in the near-field active area where transfer of power between the transmitter and receiver may occur. Furthermore, the ground plane may block power leakage from the back of the transmitter and/or receiver.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates generally to wireless charging systems and more particularly to near-field Radio Frequency (RF) antennas for transmitting or receiving power.
Background
Electronic devices such as laptop computers, smart phones, portable gaming devices, tablets, etc., require power to operate. As is generally understood, electronic devices are typically charged at least once a day, or more than once a day in the case of high usage or high power consuming electronic devices. Such activity can be tedious and can be burdensome on the user. For example, a user may need to carry a charger to prevent the user's electronic device from running out of power. In addition, some users have to find an available power source to connect to, which is inconvenient and time consuming. Finally, some users must plug into a wall or other power source to charge the user's electronic device. Such activity may render the electronic device inoperable or immobile during charging.
Some conventional solutions include inductive charging pads, which may employ magnetic induction or resonant coils. As understood in the art, this solution still requires electronics: (i) is placed at a particular location on the inductive charging pad, and (ii) is specifically oriented for power supply due to a magnetic field having a particular direction. Furthermore, inductive charging units require large coils in both devices (i.e., the charger and the device being charged by the charger), which may be undesirable, for example, due to size and cost. Thus, if the electronic device is not properly oriented on the inductive charging pad, the electronic device may not be sufficiently charged or may not receive charge. Also, when the electronic device is not charged as intended after the charging pad is used, the user may feel frustrated, thereby undermining the reliability and user acceptance of such charging pads.
Other solutions use far-field RF wave transmission to create some pockets of energy (pockets) by constructive interference of RF waves at remote locations for charging devices. However, such solutions are more suitable for specific uses and configurations, since far-field RF wave transmission solutions typically use multiple antenna arrays and circuits for providing phase and amplitude control of the RF waves. Furthermore, far field antennas may not be effective for near field charging systems. Some antennas, such as patch antennas, have been used for near field power transfer. However, the patch antenna also has a low power transfer efficiency in the near field, particularly because the generated power may leak in all directions, rather than being concentrated in a specific area within the near field distance of the transmitter.
Therefore, there is a need in the art to solve the above-mentioned disadvantages of the far-field antenna and the near-field antenna and to construct a near-field RF antenna having high coupling efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The system disclosed herein addresses the above-mentioned problems and may also provide many other benefits.
(A1) In some embodiments, there is provided a near field Radio Frequency (RF) power transfer system, comprising: a first antenna element disposed on or below the first surface of the substrate and configured to carry a first current in a first direction during a first period of time to generate first RF radiation; a second antenna element disposed on or below the first surface of the substrate and configured to carry a second current in a second direction opposite the first direction during the first time period to produce second RF radiation such that a far-field portion of the second RF radiation cancels a far-field portion of the first RF radiation; and a ground plane disposed on or below a second surface of the substrate, wherein the second surface is opposite the first surface.
(A2) In some embodiments of the near field RF power delivery system of a1, the system comprising: a via passing through the ground plane, the via including a power feed line configured to supply a first current and a second current.
(A3) In some embodiments of the near field RF power delivery system of a1, the system comprising: a first via passing through the ground plane, the first via including a first power feed line configured to supply a first current; and a second via passing through the ground plane, the second via including a second power feed line configured to supply a second current.
(A4) In some embodiments of the near field RF power transfer system of any of a 1-A3, the first antenna element and the second antenna element are segments of a helical antenna.
(A5) In some embodiments of the near field RF power transfer system of any of a 1-A3, the first antenna element is a segment of a first pole of a dipole antenna and the second antenna element is a segment of a second pole of the dipole antenna.
(A6) In some embodiments of the near field RF power transfer system of any of a 1-A3, the first antenna element and the second antenna element are segments of a loop antenna.
(A7) In some embodiments of the near field RF power transfer system of any of a 1-A3, the first antenna element and the second antenna element are segments of a loop antenna comprising concentric rings.
(A8) In some embodiments of the near field RF power transfer system of any of a 1-A3, the first antenna element and the second antenna element are segments of a monopole antenna.
(A9) In some embodiments of the near field RF power transfer system of any of a 1-A3, the first antenna element and the second antenna element are segments of a hybrid dipole antenna comprising two helical poles.
(A10) In some embodiments of the near field RF power transfer system of any of a 1-A3, the first antenna element and the second antenna element are segments of a stepped spiral antenna.
(A11) In some embodiments of the near field RF power transfer system of any of a 1-a 10, the ground plane is comprised of a solid sheet of metal of copper or a copper alloy.
(A12) In some embodiments of the near field RF power transfer system of any of a 1-a 10, the ground plane is comprised of a metal strip arranged in a shape selected from the group consisting of a loop, a spiral, and a mesh.
(A13) In some embodiments of the near field RF power transfer system of any of a 1-a 12, the first antenna element and the second antenna element are comprised of copper or a copper alloy.
(A14) In some embodiments of the near field RF power transfer system of any of a 1-a 13, the substrate comprises a metamaterial having a predetermined permeability or permittivity.
(A15) In some embodiments of the near field RF power transfer system of any of a 1-a 14, the ground plane is configured to reflect at least a portion of the RF radiation generated by the first antenna element and the second antenna element.
(A16) In some embodiments of the near field RF power transfer system of any of a 1-a 15, the ground plane is configured to cancel at least a portion of the RF radiation produced by the first antenna element and the second antenna element.
(A17) In some embodiments of the near field RF power transfer system of any of a 1-a 16, the power transfer system is configured as a power receiver.
(A18) In some embodiments of the near field RF power transfer system of any of a 1-a 16, the power transfer system is configured as a power transmitter.
(A19) In some embodiments, there is also provided a near-field RF power transfer method, the method comprising: supplying a first current to a first antenna element through one or more vias through a ground plane such that the first antenna produces a first RF radiation and supplying a second current to a second antenna element such that the second antenna produces a second RF radiation, wherein the first current is in a first direction and the second current is in a second direction opposite the first direction such that a far-field portion of the second RF radiation substantially cancels the far-field portion of the first RF radiation, wherein the first antenna element and the second antenna element are disposed on or below a first surface of a substrate, and wherein the ground plane is disposed on or below a second surface of the substrate opposite the first surface and below the first antenna element and the second antenna element.
(A20) In some embodiments of the near field RF power transfer system of a19, the ground plane, the first antenna element, the substrate, and the second antenna element are all part of the near field power transfer system, and the near field power transfer system is configured in accordance with any one of a 1-a 18.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings form a part of the specification and illustrate embodiments of the presently disclosed technology.
Fig. 1A and 1B are schematic diagrams of an exemplary system according to an embodiment.
Fig. 2A-2D are schematic diagrams of an exemplary system according to an embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary system, according to an embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary system, according to an embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary system, according to an embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary system, according to an embodiment.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary system, according to an embodiment.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary system, according to an embodiment.
Fig. 9A and 9B are schematic diagrams of an exemplary system according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made to the illustrative embodiments illustrated in the drawings, and specific language will be used herein to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the claims or of the disclosure is thereby intended. Alterations and further modifications of the inventive features illustrated herein, and additional applications of the principles of the inventions as illustrated herein, which would occur to one skilled in the relevant art and having possession of this disclosure, are to be considered within the scope of the inventions disclosed herein. The invention will be described in detail herein with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, which form a part hereof. Other embodiments may be utilized, and/or other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description are not meant to limit the technical solutions presented herein.
Various embodiments of a power transfer system with high power transfer efficiency in near-field, RF-based power transfer coupling are disclosed herein. The power transfer efficiency of a transmitter and a receiver in a power transfer system may be defined as a percentage or ratio related to the amount of power transmitted or generated by the transmitter and the amount of power collected by the receiver. The power transfer efficiency may depend on the coupling of the transmitter and the receiver. If the transmitter and receiver are well coupled, most of the power transmitted by the one or more transmit antennas of the transmitter is located at the one or more receive antennas of the receiver. On the other hand, if the transmitter and receiver are not well coupled, relatively less power is localized at the receiver antenna and power is lost due to leakage in an undesired direction. Accordingly, it is desirable to have better coupled power transmitters and receivers, wherein a majority of the electromagnetic power is captured or otherwise positioned between the transmitter and receiver.
Embodiments of near field power transfer systems described herein may include antenna elements constructed or printed in close proximity to one another in a curved arrangement. In a curved arrangement, adjacent antenna elements conduct currents flowing in opposite directions. This current flow completely or almost completely cancels out any far field RF radiation generated by the antenna or by the electromagnetic effects of the current flow. In other words, for a first current flowing in the first path, there may be a second current flowing in a second cancellation path that cancels far-field radiation generated by the first current flowing in the first path. Thus, there may be no radiation of power to the far field. However, such cancellation may not occur in the near-field active area where transfer of power between the transmitter and receiver may occur. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that one or more solutions to maxwell's equations for time-varying electric and magnetic fields generated by currents flowing in opposite directions will determine that far-field electromagnetic radiation will be cancelled and near-field electromagnetic radiation will not be cancelled when currents flow in opposite directions. It will also be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the near field active area is defined by the presence of electromagnetic power in the immediate, adjacent or adjacent areas of the power delivery system. One of ordinary skill in the art will further understand near field/far field discrimination. For example, the near field may refer to the immediate vicinity of an antenna element and may also include the radiating near field (fresnel) region, while the far field may refer to a region outside the immediate vicinity of the antenna element.
Embodiments of the near field power transfer systems described herein may include a ground plane behind the antenna. For near-field power transfer systems that function as transmitters, the ground plane may not allow power to be transferred behind the transmit antenna of the power transfer system, for example, by functioning as a reflector for electromagnetic waves generated by the transmitter antenna. Similarly, for near field power transfer systems used as receivers, the ground plane may not allow the received electromagnetic waves to radiate from the back of the receiver. Thus, having one or more ground planes may localize or capture electromagnetic power between the transmitter and receiver by blocking power leakage from the back of the transmitter and/or receiver.
The antenna may be configured in different shapes such as monopole, bent monopole, dipole, bent dipole, spiral, loop, and concentric loop. The antenna may also be configured in a hybrid configuration such as a helical dipole. Further, there may be a stepped antenna, e.g., an antenna having a first helical dipole at a first level and a second helical dipole at a second level on the first level. In some embodiments, a single ground plane may be provided at the lowest level. In other embodiments, each tier may include a ground plane. Broadband designs and/or multiband designs may require a hybrid or hierarchical structure. For example, a non-hierarchical or non-hybrid structure may be efficient at a first distance between the transmitter and the receiver and at a first frequency, but may be inefficient at other frequencies and distances. Combining more complex structures such as hybrid structures and hierarchical structures allows for higher efficiency along a range of frequencies and distances.
In some embodiments, the transmit antennas and corresponding receive antennas may have to be mirror images of each other or symmetrical to each other. In other words, the receive antennas may have the same or substantially the same shape and/or size configuration as the corresponding transmit antennas. Such mirroring may ensure better coupling and thus result in higher power transfer efficiency. However, in other embodiments, the transmit and receive antennas may not necessarily be symmetrical to each other. Further, for non-mirrored pairings, the antennas disclosed herein may be paired with other antennas (e.g., patches, dipoles, slots); in these cases, the near-field coupling efficiency may still be acceptable for certain applications. Different types of transmit antennas may be mixed and matched to different types of receive antennas.
As frequencies decrease and wavelengths increase, matched antennas may have to become longer and longer in conventional systems. Embodiments of the near field power transfer systems described herein may also provide miniaturized antennas. For example, in many conventional systems, a half-wave-dipole antenna used to transmit and/or receive 900MHz electromagnetic waves is typically 33.3 centimeters (cm) or about 1 foot (ft) from one end of the antenna to the other end of the antenna. The embodiments described herein may use a smaller form factor to achieve such results. The curved arrangement disclosed herein may allow the antennas to fold or spiral over each other. Thus, the long antenna may be printed or constructed in a relatively small housing. For example, a transmitter/receiver operating at a very low frequency, such as 400MHz, may be miniaturized to antenna sizes from about 6 millimeters (mm) by 6mm to about 14mm by 14 mm. Furthermore, the near field power transfer system disclosed herein has significantly higher power transfer efficiency compared to transmitters and receivers known in the art.
The near field power transfer systems disclosed herein may be used in electronic devices such as mobile phones, wearable devices, and toys. For example, the first power transfer system may be part of or associated with a transmitter embedded within the charging pad, and the second power transfer system may be part of or associated with a receiver embedded within the mobile phone. When the mobile phone is placed near the charging pad, the transmitter may transfer power to the receiver. In some embodiments, the near-field power transfer system may be used in conjunction with a far-field power transfer system. For example, a mobile phone may have both a near-field receiver and a far-field receiver. When a mobile phone is placed on a charging pad with a near field transmitter, a near field receiver in the mobile phone may receive power from the near field transmitter. When the mobile phone is removed from the charging pad and placed in a different location, a far-field receiver in the mobile phone may receive power from a far-field transmitter.
Fig. 1A shows a top perspective view of a schematic diagram of an exemplary near field power transfer system 100. Fig. 1B illustrates a bottom perspective view of a schematic diagram of an exemplary near-field power transfer system 100. The power transfer system 100 may include a top surface 101, a bottom surface 102, and sidewalls 103. In some embodiments, the housing containing the components of the power delivery system 100 may be constructed of a material that creates a minimal obstruction to the passage of electromagnetic waves. In other embodiments, different portions of the housing may be constructed of materials having different electromagnetic properties, such as magnetic permeability and permittivity. For example, the top surface 101 may allow electromagnetic waves to pass with minimal obstruction, while the sidewalls 103 may obstruct electromagnetic waves by attenuation, absorption, reflection, or other techniques known in the art.
When the power transfer system 100 is adjacent to a second power transfer system (not shown), the power transfer system 100 may radiate RF energy and thus transfer power. As such, the power transfer system 100 may be on the "transmit side" to function as a power transmitter, or the power transfer system 100 may be on the "receive side" to function as a power receiver. In some embodiments, where the power transfer system 100 is associated with a transmitter, the power transfer system 100 (or a sub-component of the power transfer system 100) may be integrated into the transmitter device or may be externally wired to the transmitter. Similarly, in some embodiments, where the power transfer system 100 is associated with a receiver, the power transfer system 100 (or a sub-component of the power transfer system 100) may be integrated into the receiver device or may be externally wired to the receiver.
The substrate 107 may be disposed within a space defined between the top surface 101, the sidewall 103, and the bottom surface 102. In some embodiments, the power delivery system 100 may not include a housing, and the substrate 107 may include a top surface 101, sidewalls 103, and a bottom surface 102. The substrate 107 may comprise any material, such as a metamaterial, capable of insulating, reflecting, absorbing, or otherwise housing electrical wires that conduct electrical current. Metamaterials can be a wide variety of synthetic materials designed to produce the desired permeability and permittivity. At least one of the permeability and the permittivity may be based on regulatory compliance constraints of government regulations and/or power delivery requirements. The metamaterials disclosed herein may receive radiation or may generate radiation and may be used as thin reflectors.
The antenna 104 may be configured on or below the top surface 101. When the power transfer system 100 is associated with a power transmitter, the antenna 104 may be used to transmit electromagnetic waves. Alternatively, the antenna 104 may be used to receive electromagnetic waves when the power transfer system 100 is associated with a power receiver. In some embodiments, the power transfer system 100 may function as a transceiver, and the antenna 104 may both transmit and receive electromagnetic waves. The antenna 104 may be constructed of materials such as metals, alloys, metamaterials, and composites. For example, the antenna 104 may be made of copper or a copper alloy. The antenna 104 may be configured to have different shapes based on power transfer requirements. In the exemplary system 100 shown in fig. 1A and 1B, the antenna 104 is configured in a spiral shape, including antenna segments 110 disposed proximate to each other. The current flowing through the antenna segment 110 may be in the opposite direction. For example, if the current in the antenna segment 110b flows from the left side of fig. 1A to the right side of fig. 1A, the current in each of the antenna segments 110a, 110c may flow from right to left. The opposite flow of currents results in cancellation of electromagnetic radiation in the far field of the power delivery system 100. In other words, far-field electromagnetic radiation generated by one or more antenna segments 110 to the left of the imaginary line 115 is cancelled by far-field electromagnetic radiation generated by one or more antenna segments 110 to the right of the line 115. Thus, there may be no power leakage in the far field of the power transfer system 100. However, such cancellation may not occur in the near-field active area of the power transfer system 100 where power transfer may occur.
The power transfer system 100 may include a ground plane 106 located at the bottom surface 102 or above the bottom surface 102. The ground plane 106 may be formed of materials such as metals, alloys, and composites. In an embodiment, the ground plane 106 may be formed of copper or a copper alloy. In some embodiments, the ground plane 106 may be constructed of a solid sheet of material. In other embodiments, the ground plane 106 may be constructed using strips of material arranged in shapes such as loops, spirals, and grids. Vias 105 carrying power feed lines (not shown) to the antenna may pass through the ground plane 106. The power feed line may supply current to the antenna 104. In some embodiments, the ground plane 106 may be electrically connected to the antenna 104. In some embodiments, the ground plane 106 may not be electrically connected to the antenna 104. For such embodiments, an insulating region 108 that insulates the via 105 from the ground plane 106 may be configured between the via 105 and the ground plane 106. In some embodiments, the ground plane 106 may act as a reflector of electromagnetic waves generated by the antenna 104. In other words, the ground plane may not allow electromagnetic transmission beyond the bottom surface of power transfer system 100 by canceling and/or reflecting transmission images formed outside the bottom surface. Reflecting electromagnetic waves by the ground plane may enhance the electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna 104 from the top surface 101 or towards the top surface 101. Thus, there may be no leakage of electromagnetic power from the bottom surface 102.
Thus, due to the antenna 104 and the ground plane 106, electromagnetic waves transmitted or received by the power transfer system 100 accumulate in the near field of the system 100. Leakage into the far field of the system 100 is minimized.
Fig. 2A schematically illustrates a top perspective view of an exemplary near-field power transfer system 200, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the power transfer system 200 may be part of or associated with a power transmitter. In other embodiments, the power transfer system 200 may be part of or associated with a power receiver. Power delivery system 200 may include a housing defined by a top surface 201, a bottom surface (not shown), and sidewalls 203. In some embodiments, the housing may be constructed of a material that creates a minimal obstruction to the passage of electromagnetic waves. In other embodiments, different portions of the housing may be constructed of materials having different electromagnetic properties, such as magnetic permeability and permittivity. For example, the top surface 201 may allow electromagnetic waves to pass with minimal obstruction, while the sidewalls 203 may obstruct electromagnetic waves by attenuation, absorption, reflection, or other techniques known in the art.
The substrate 207 may be disposed within a space defined between the top surface 201, the sidewall 203, and the bottom surface 202. In some embodiments, the power transfer system 200 may not include a housing, and the substrate 207 may include a top surface 201, sidewalls 203, and a bottom surface 202. The substrate 207 may comprise any material, such as a metamaterial, capable of insulating, reflecting, absorbing, or otherwise containing electrical wires that conduct electrical current. Metamaterials can be a wide variety of synthetic materials designed to produce the desired permeability and permittivity. At least one of the permeability and the permittivity may be based on regulatory compliance constraints of government regulations and/or power delivery requirements. The metamaterials disclosed herein may receive radiation or may generate radiation and may be used as thin reflectors.
Fig. 2B schematically illustrates a side view of an exemplary power transfer system 200. As shown, the upper metal layer may form an antenna 204 and the lower metal layer may form a ground plane 206. The substrate 207 may be disposed between the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer. Substrate 207 may comprise a material such as FR4, a metamaterial, or any other material known in the art. Metamaterials can be a wide variety of synthetic materials designed to produce the desired permeability and permittivity. At least one of the permeability and the permittivity may have to be based on regulatory compliance constraints of government regulations and/or power transfer requirements. The metamaterials disclosed herein may receive radiation or generate radiation and may be used as thin reflectors.
Fig. 2C schematically illustrates a top perspective view of antenna 204. The antenna 204 comprises a connection point 209 for a feed line (not shown) through the via 205. Fig. 2D schematically illustrates a side perspective view of the ground plane 206. In an embodiment, the ground plane 206 comprises a solid metal layer. In other embodiments, the ground plane 206 may include structures such as stripes, grids, and lattices, and may not be entirely solid. The ground plane 206 may also include a socket 209 for the passage of the via 205. The ground plane 206 may also include an insulating region 210 around the receptacle 209 to insulate the receptacle 209 from the rest of the ground plane 206. In some embodiments, the ground plane may have electrical connections to lines through vias, and the insulating region 210 may not be needed.
Fig. 3 schematically illustrates a top perspective view of an exemplary near field power transfer system 300, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the power transfer system 300 may be part of or associated with a power transmitter. In other embodiments, the power transfer system 300 may be part of or associated with a power receiver. Power transfer system 300 may include a housing defined by a top surface 301, a bottom surface (not shown), and sidewalls 303. In some embodiments, the housing may be constructed of a material that creates a minimal obstruction to the passage of electromagnetic waves. In other embodiments, different portions of the housing may be constructed of materials having different electromagnetic properties, such as magnetic permeability and permittivity. For example, the top surface 301 may allow electromagnetic waves to pass with minimal obstruction, while the sidewalls 303 may obstruct electromagnetic waves by attenuation, absorption, reflection, or other techniques known in the art.
The substrate 307 may be disposed within a space defined between the top surface 301, the sidewall 303, and the bottom surface 302. In some embodiments, the power transfer system 300 may not include a housing, and the substrate 307 may include a top surface 301, sidewalls 303, and a bottom surface 302. The substrate 307 may comprise any material, such as a metamaterial, capable of insulating, reflecting, absorbing, or otherwise containing electrical wires that conduct electrical current. Metamaterials can be a wide variety of synthetic materials designed to produce the desired permeability and permittivity. At least one of the permeability and the permittivity may be based on regulatory compliance constraints of government regulations and/or power delivery requirements. The metamaterials disclosed herein may receive radiation or may emit radiation, and may be used as thin reflectors.
The antenna 304 may be constructed on or below the top surface. When the power transfer system 300 is part of or associated with a power transmitter, the antenna 304 may be used to transmit electromagnetic waves. Alternatively, when the power transfer system 300 is part of or associated with a power receiver, the antenna 304 may be used to receive electromagnetic waves. In some embodiments, the power transfer system 300 may function as a transceiver, and the antenna 304 may transmit and receive electromagnetic waves simultaneously. The antenna 304 may be constructed of materials such as metals, alloys, metamaterials, and composites. For example, the antenna 304 may be made of copper or a copper alloy. The antenna 304 may be configured to have different shapes based on power transfer requirements. In the exemplary system 300 shown in fig. 3, antenna 304 is configured in the shape of a dipole, including a first bent pole 309a and a second bent pole 309 b. A first power feed line (not shown) to the first bent pole 309a can be carried by the first via 305a and a second power feed line (not shown) to the second bent pole 309b can be carried by the second via 305 b. A first power feed line may supply current to the first bent pole 309a and a second power feed line may supply current to the second bent pole 309 b. The first curved pole 309a includes antenna segments 310 disposed proximate to each other and the second curved pole 309b includes antenna segments 311 also disposed proximate to each other. The currents flowing through adjacent antenna segments 310, 311 may be in opposite directions. For example, if the current in the antenna segment 310b flows from the left side of fig. 3 to the right side of fig. 3, the current in each of the antenna segments 310a, 310c may flow from right to left. The opposing flow of current across any number of antenna segments 310 of the power transfer system 300 results in cancellation of the far field electromagnetic radiation produced by the power transfer system 300. Additionally or alternatively, far-field electromagnetic radiation generated by antenna segment 310 of first pole 309a may be cancelled by electromagnetic radiation generated by antenna segment 311 of second pole 309 b. It should be appreciated that far-field cancellation may occur over any number of segments 310, 311 and/or across any number of poles 309. Thus, there may be no power leakage in the far field of the power transfer system 300. However, such cancellation may not occur in the near-field active area of the power transfer system 300 where power transfer may occur.
The power transfer system 300 may include a ground plane (not shown) at or above the bottom surface. The ground plane may be formed of materials such as metals, alloys, and composites. In an embodiment, the ground plane may be formed of copper or a copper alloy. In some embodiments, the ground plane may be constructed of a solid sheet of material. In other embodiments, the ground plane may be constructed using strips of material arranged in shapes such as loops, spirals, and meshes. The vias 305 carrying the power feed lines to the antenna may pass through the ground plane. In some embodiments, the ground plane may be electrically connected to the antenna. In some embodiments, the ground plane may not be electrically connected to the antenna 304. For such embodiments, an insulating region that insulates the via 305 from the ground plane may be configured between the via 305 and the ground plane. In some embodiments, the ground plane may act as a reflector of electromagnetic waves generated by the antenna 304. In other words, the ground plane may not allow electromagnetic transmission beyond the bottom surface of power transfer system 300 by canceling and/or reflecting transmission images formed outside of the bottom surface. Reflecting electromagnetic waves by the ground plane may enhance the electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna 304 from the top surface 301 or towards the top surface 301. Thus, there may be no leakage of electromagnetic power from the bottom surface.
Fig. 4 schematically illustrates a top perspective view of an exemplary near field power transfer system 400 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the power transfer system 400 may be part of or associated with a power transmitter. In other embodiments, the power transfer system 400 may be part of or associated with a power receiver. Power delivery system 400 may include a housing defined by a top surface 401, a bottom surface (not shown), and sidewalls 103. In some embodiments, the housing may be constructed of a material that creates a minimal obstruction to the passage of electromagnetic waves. In other embodiments, different portions of the housing may be constructed of materials having different electromagnetic properties, such as magnetic permeability and permittivity. For example, the top surface 401 may allow electromagnetic waves to pass with minimal obstruction, while the sidewalls 403 may obstruct electromagnetic waves by attenuation, absorption, reflection, or other techniques known in the art.
The base plate 407 may be disposed within a space defined between the top surface 401, the sidewall 403, and the bottom surface 402. In some embodiments, the power delivery system 400 may not include a housing, and the substrate 407 may include a top surface 401, sidewalls 403, and a bottom surface 402. The substrate 407 may comprise any material, such as a metamaterial, capable of insulating, reflecting, absorbing, or otherwise containing electrical wires that conduct electrical current. Metamaterials can be a wide variety of synthetic materials designed to produce the desired permeability and permittivity. At least one of the permeability and the permittivity may be based on regulatory compliance constraints of government regulations and/or power delivery requirements. The metamaterials disclosed herein may receive radiation or may generate radiation and may be used as thin reflectors.
The antenna 404 may be configured on or below the top surface 401. When the power transfer system 400 is part of or associated with a power transmitter, the antenna 404 may be used to transmit electromagnetic waves. Alternatively, when the power transfer system 400 is part of or associated with a power receiver, the antenna 404 may be used to receive electromagnetic waves. In some embodiments, the power transfer system 400 may function as a transceiver, and the antenna 404 may both transmit and receive electromagnetic waves. The antenna 404 may be constructed of materials such as metals, alloys, and composites. For example, the antenna 404 may be made of copper or a copper alloy. The antenna 404 may be configured to have different shapes based on power transfer requirements. In the exemplary system 400 shown in fig. 4, the antenna 404 is configured in a loop shape, including loop segments 410 disposed proximate to each other. The current flowing through adjacent ring segments 410 may be in opposite directions. For example, if the current in the first ring segment 410a flows from the left side of fig. 4 to the right side of fig. 4, the current in the second ring segment 410b may flow from right to left. The opposite flow of currents results in cancellation of electromagnetic radiation in the far field of the power transfer system 400. Thus, there may be no power leakage in the far field of the power transfer system 400. However, such cancellation may not occur in the near-field active area of the power transfer system 400 where power transfer may occur.
Fig. 5 schematically illustrates a top perspective view of an exemplary near field power transfer system 500 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the power transfer system 500 may be part of or associated with a power transmitter. In other embodiments, the power transfer system 500 may be part of or associated with a power receiver. In other embodiments, the power transfer system 500 may be part of or associated with a transceiver. The power transfer system 500 may include a housing defined by a top surface 501, a bottom surface (not shown), and sidewalls 503. In some embodiments, the housing may be constructed of a material that creates a minimal obstruction to the passage of electromagnetic waves. In other embodiments, different portions of the housing may be constructed of materials having different electromagnetic properties, such as magnetic permeability and permittivity. For example, the top surface 501 may allow electromagnetic waves to pass with minimal obstruction, while the sidewalls 503 may obstruct electromagnetic waves by attenuation, absorption, reflection, or other techniques known in the art.
The substrate 507 may be disposed within a space defined between the top surface 501, the sidewall 503, and the bottom surface 502. In some embodiments, the power transfer system 500 may not include a housing, and the substrate 507 may include a top surface 501, sidewalls 503, and a bottom surface 502. The substrate 507 may comprise any material, such as a metamaterial, capable of insulating, reflecting, absorbing, or otherwise containing electrical wires that conduct electrical current. Metamaterials can be a wide variety of synthetic materials designed to produce the desired permeability and permittivity. At least one of the permeability and the permittivity may be based on regulatory compliance constraints of government regulations and/or power delivery requirements. The metamaterials disclosed herein may receive radiation or may emit radiation, and may be used as thin reflectors.
The antenna 504 may be configured on or below the top surface 501. When the power transfer system 500 is part of or associated with a power transmitter, the antenna 504 may be used to transmit electromagnetic waves. Alternatively, when the power transfer system 500 is part of or associated with a power receiver, the antenna 504 may be used to receive electromagnetic waves. In some embodiments, the power transfer system 500 may function as a transceiver, and the antenna 504 may both transmit and receive electromagnetic waves. A power feed line (not shown) to the antenna 504 may be carried by the via 505. The power feed line may provide current to the antenna 504. The antenna 504 may be constructed of materials such as metals, alloys, metamaterials, and composites. For example, the antenna 504 may be made of copper or a copper alloy. The antenna 504 may be configured to have different shapes based on power transfer requirements. In the exemplary system 500 shown in fig. 5, the antenna 504 is configured as a concentric ring, including antenna segments 510 disposed proximate to each other. As shown in fig. 5, a single concentric ring may include two of the antenna segments 510. For example, the innermost ring may include a first antenna segment 510c on the right side of an imaginary line 512 that roughly divides the ring into two halves and a corresponding second antenna segment 510c' on the left side of the imaginary line 512. The current flowing through adjacent antenna segments 510 may be in opposite directions. For example, if the currents in the antenna segments 510a ', 510b ', 510e ' flow from the left side of fig. 5 to the right side of fig. 5, the currents in each of the antenna segments 510a, 510b, 510c may flow from right to left. The opposite flow of currents results in cancellation of electromagnetic radiation at the far field of the power transfer system 500. Thus, there may be no far field where power is transferred to the power transfer system 500. However, such cancellation may not occur in the near-field active area of the power transfer system 500 where power transfer may occur. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that cancellation of electromagnetic radiation in the far field and the absence of such cancellation in the near field is determined by one or more solutions of maxwell's equations for time-varying electric and magnetic fields generated by currents flowing in opposite directions. It will be further appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the near field active area is defined by the presence of electromagnetic power in the immediate vicinity of the power transfer system 500.
The power transfer system 500 may include a ground plane (not shown) located at or above the bottom surface. The ground plane may be formed of materials such as metals, alloys, and composites. In an embodiment, the ground plane may be formed of copper or a copper alloy. In some embodiments, the ground plane may be constructed of a solid sheet of material. In other embodiments, the ground plane may be constructed using strips of material arranged in shapes such as loops, spirals, and meshes. A via 505 carrying a power feed line to the antenna may pass through the ground plane 106. In some embodiments, the ground plane may be electrically connected to the antenna. In some embodiments, the ground plane may not be electrically connected to the antenna 504. For such embodiments, an insulating region that insulates the via 505 from the ground plane may be configured between the via 305 and the ground plane. In some embodiments, the ground plane may act as a reflector of electromagnetic waves generated by the antenna 504. In other words, the ground plane may not allow electromagnetic transmission beyond the bottom surface of the power transfer system 500 by canceling and/or reflecting transmission images formed outside the bottom surface. Reflecting the electromagnetic waves by the ground plane may enhance the electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna 504 from the top surface 501 or towards the top surface 501. Thus, there may be no leakage of electromagnetic power from the bottom surface.
Fig. 6 schematically illustrates a top perspective view of an exemplary near field power transfer system 600, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the power transfer system 600 may be part of or associated with a power transmitter. In other embodiments, the power transfer system 600 may be part of or associated with a power receiver. Power transfer system 600 may include a housing defined by a top surface 601, a bottom surface (not shown), and sidewalls 603. In some embodiments, the housing may be constructed of a material that creates a minimal obstruction to the passage of electromagnetic waves. In other embodiments, different portions of the housing may be constructed of materials having different electromagnetic properties, such as magnetic permeability and permittivity. For example, top surface 601 may allow electromagnetic waves to pass with minimal obstruction, while sidewalls 603 may obstruct electromagnetic waves by attenuation, absorption, reflection, or other techniques known in the art.
The substrate 607 may be disposed in a space defined between the top surface 601, the sidewall 603, and the bottom surface 602. In some embodiments, the power transfer system 600 may not include a housing, and the substrate 607 may include a top surface 601, sidewalls 603, and a bottom surface 602. The substrate 607 may include any material, such as a metamaterial, capable of insulating, reflecting, absorbing, or otherwise containing electrical wires that conduct electrical current. Metamaterials can be a wide variety of synthetic materials designed to produce the desired permeability and permittivity. At least one of the permeability and the permittivity may be based on regulatory compliance constraints of government regulations and/or power delivery requirements. The metamaterials disclosed herein may receive radiation or may emit radiation, and may be used as thin reflectors.
The antenna 604 may be constructed on or below the top surface 601. When the power transfer system 600 is part of or associated with a power transmitter, the antenna 604 may be used to transmit electromagnetic waves. Alternatively, when the power transfer system 600 is part of or associated with a power receiver, the antenna 604 may be used to receive electromagnetic waves. In some embodiments, the power transfer system 600 may function as a transceiver, and the antenna 604 may both transmit and receive electromagnetic waves. The antenna 604 may be constructed from materials such as metals, alloys, and composites. For example, the antenna 604 may be made of copper or a copper alloy. The antenna 604 may be configured to have different shapes based on power transfer requirements. In the exemplary system 600 shown in fig. 6, the antenna 604 is configured in the shape of a monopole. The vias 605 may carry power feed lines to the antennas 604. The power feed line may provide current to the antenna 604.
Fig. 7 schematically illustrates a top perspective view of an exemplary near field power transfer system 700, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the power transfer system 700 may be part of or associated with a power transmitter. In other embodiments, the power transfer system 700 may be part of or associated with a power receiver. The power transfer system 700 may include a housing defined by a top surface 701, a bottom surface (not shown), and sidewalls 103. In some embodiments, the housing may be constructed of a material that creates a minimal obstruction to the passage of electromagnetic waves. In other embodiments, different portions of the housing may be constructed of materials having different electromagnetic properties, such as magnetic permeability and permittivity. For example, the top surface 701 may allow electromagnetic waves to pass with minimal obstruction, while the sidewalls 703 may obstruct electromagnetic waves by attenuation, absorption, reflection, or other techniques known in the art.
A substrate 707 may be disposed within the space defined between the top surface 701, the sidewalls 703, and the bottom surface 702. In some embodiments, the power delivery system 700 may not include a housing, and the substrate 707 may include a top surface 701, sidewalls 703, and a bottom surface 702. The substrate 707 can include any material, such as a metamaterial, capable of insulating, reflecting, absorbing, or otherwise containing electrical wires that conduct electrical current. Metamaterials can be a wide variety of synthetic materials designed to produce the desired permeability and permittivity. At least one of the permeability and the permittivity may be based on regulatory compliance constraints of government regulations and/or power delivery requirements. The metamaterials disclosed herein may receive radiation or may emit radiation, and may be used as thin reflectors.
Fig. 8 schematically illustrates a top perspective view of an exemplary near field power transfer system 800 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the power transfer system 800 may be part of or associated with a power transmitter. In other embodiments, the power transfer system 800 may be part of or associated with a power receiver. Power delivery system 800 may include a housing defined by a top surface 801, a bottom surface (not shown), and sidewalls 803. In some embodiments, the housing may be constructed of a material that creates a minimal obstruction to the passage of electromagnetic waves. In other embodiments, different portions of the housing may be constructed of materials having different electromagnetic properties, such as magnetic permeability and permittivity. For example, top surface 801 may allow electromagnetic waves to pass with minimal obstruction, while sidewalls 803 may obstruct electromagnetic waves by attenuation, absorption, reflection, or other techniques known in the art.
The antenna 804 may be constructed on or below the top surface 801. When the power transfer system 800 is part of or associated with a power transmitter, the antenna 804 may be used to transmit electromagnetic waves. Alternatively, when the power transfer system 800 is part of or associated with a power receiver, the antenna 804 may be used to receive electromagnetic waves. In some embodiments, the power transfer system 800 may function as a transceiver, and the antenna 804 may both transmit and receive electromagnetic waves. The antenna 804 may be constructed of materials such as metals, alloys, and composites. For example, the antenna 804 may be made of copper or a copper alloy. The antenna 804 may be configured to have different shapes based on power transfer requirements. In the exemplary system 800 shown in fig. 8, the antenna 804 is configured as a hybrid dipole comprising a first helical pole 820a and a second helical pole 820 b. A first power feed line supplying current to the first helical pole 820a may be disposed through the first via 805a, and a second power feed line supplying current to the second helical pole 820b may be disposed through the second via 805 b. The antenna segments in each of the helical poles 820 may cancel each other out the electromagnetic radiation in the far field generated by the helical dipole 820, thereby reducing power transfer to the far field. For example, the antenna segments in the first helical pole 820a may cancel each other's generated far field electromagnetic radiation. Additionally, or alternatively, far-field radiation produced by one or more antenna segments of the first helical pole 820a may be cancelled by far-field radiation produced by one or more antenna segments of the second helical pole 820 b. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that cancellation of electromagnetic radiation in the far field and the absence of such cancellation in the near field is determined by one or more solutions of maxwell's equations for time-varying electric and magnetic fields generated by currents flowing in opposite directions.
A broadband design and/or a multiband design may require a hybrid antenna 804. For example, a non-hybrid structure may be efficient at a first distance between the transmitter and the receiver and at a first frequency, but may be inefficient at other frequencies and distances. Incorporating more complex structures such as hybrid antenna 80 may allow for higher efficiency along a range of frequencies and distances.
Fig. 9A and 9B schematically illustrate a top perspective view and a side perspective view, respectively, of an exemplary near field power transfer system 900, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, power transfer system 900 may be part of or associated with a power transmitter. In other embodiments, the power transfer system 100 may be part of or associated with a power receiver. Power transfer system 900 may include a housing defined by a top surface 901, a bottom surface 902, and sidewalls 903. In some embodiments, the housing may be constructed of a material that creates a minimal obstruction to the passage of electromagnetic waves. In other embodiments, different portions of the housing may be constructed of materials having different electromagnetic properties, such as magnetic permeability and permittivity. For example, top surface 901 may allow electromagnetic waves to pass with minimal obstruction, while sidewall 903 may obstruct electromagnetic waves by attenuation, absorption, reflection, or other techniques known in the art.
The power transfer system may include a stepped antenna 904, which stepped antenna 904 may be constructed on or below the top surface 901. When the power transfer system 900 is part of or associated with a power transmitter, the antenna 904 may be used to transmit electromagnetic waves. Alternatively, when the power transfer system 900 is part of or associated with a power receiver, the antenna 904 may be used to receive electromagnetic waves. In some embodiments, the power transfer system 900 may function as a transceiver, and the antenna 904 may both transmit and receive electromagnetic waves. The antenna 904 may be constructed of materials such as metals, alloys, and composites. For example, the antenna 904 may be made of copper or a copper alloy. The antenna 904 may be configured to have different shapes based on power transfer requirements. In the exemplary system 900 shown in fig. 9A and 9B, the antenna 104 is constructed in a hierarchical helical structure having a zero order graded antenna 904a and a one order graded antenna 904B. Each of the stepped antennas 904 may include antenna segments with currents flowing in opposite directions to cancel far-field radiation. For example, the antenna segments in the zero order grading wire 904a may cancel each other's generated far field electromagnetic radiation. Additionally, or alternatively, far-field radiation produced by one or more antenna segments of the zero-order graded wire 904a may be cancelled by far-field radiation produced by one or more antenna segments of the first-order graded wire 904 b. A power feed line (not shown) to the antenna is carried through via 905. The power feed line may supply current to the antenna 904.
The power transfer system 900 may include a ground plane 906 located at the bottom surface 902 or above the bottom surface 902. The ground plane 906 may be formed from materials such as metals, alloys, and composites. In an embodiment, the ground plane 906 may be formed of copper or a copper alloy. In some embodiments, the ground plane 906 may be constructed from a solid sheet of material. In other embodiments, the ground plane 906 may be constructed using strips of material arranged in shapes such as loops, spirals, and grids. A via 905 carrying a power feed line to the antenna may pass through the ground plane 906. In some embodiments, the ground plane 906 may be electrically connected to one or more of the antennas 904. In some embodiments, the ground plane 906 may not be electrically connected to the antenna 904. For such embodiments, an insulating region 908 that insulates via 905 from ground plane 906 may be configured between via 905 and ground plane 906. In some embodiments, the ground plane 906 may act as a reflector of electromagnetic waves generated by the antenna 904. In other words, the ground plane may not allow electromagnetic transmission beyond the bottom surface of power transfer system 900 by canceling and/or reflecting transmission images formed outside the bottom surface. Reflecting electromagnetic waves by the ground plane may reinforce electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna 904 from the top surface 901 or towards the top surface 901. Thus, there may be no leakage of electromagnetic power from the bottom surface 902. In some embodiments, there may be multiple ground planes, including a ground plane for each of the graded antennas 904. In some embodiments, the hierarchical antenna has different power feed lines carried by multiple vias.
A broadband design and/or a multiband design may require a stepped antenna 904. For example, a non-hierarchical structure may be efficient at a first distance between the transmitter and the receiver and at a first frequency, but may be inefficient at other frequencies and distances. Incorporating more complex structures such as a stepped antenna 904 may allow for greater efficiency along a range of frequencies and distances.
The foregoing method descriptions and process flow diagrams are provided merely as illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that the steps of the various embodiments must be performed in the order presented. The steps in the foregoing embodiments may be performed in any order. Words such as "then," "next," etc. are not intended to limit the order of the steps; these words are simply used to guide the reader through the description of the methods. Although a process flow diagram may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be rearranged. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When the process corresponds to a function, process termination may correspond to a return of the function to the calling function or the main function.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the embodiments described herein, as well as variations thereof. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter disclosed herein. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the following claims and the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed, other aspects and embodiments are contemplated. The disclosed aspects and embodiments are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
Claims (17)
1. A near field radio frequency, RF, power transfer system comprising a transmitter, the transmitter comprising:
a first antenna element disposed on or below a first surface of a substrate and configured to carry a first current in a first direction during a first period of time to generate first RF radiation;
a second antenna element disposed on or below the first surface of the substrate and configured to carry a second electrical current in a second direction different and opposite from the first direction to generate second RF radiation during the first time period such that (i) a far-field portion of the second RF radiation substantially cancels a far-field portion of the first RF radiation and (ii) a near-field portion of the second RF radiation does not substantially cancel a near-field portion of the first RF radiation, wherein the first antenna element is positioned above the second antenna element and the first and second antenna elements generate the first and second RF radiation when an electronic device is within a predetermined proximity of the transmitter, and wherein the near-field portion of the second RF radiation and the near-field portion of the first RF radiation are transmitted to the electronic device, the electronic device converting a near-field portion of the second RF radiation and a near-field portion of the first RF radiation to usable power for charging the electronic device;
a ground plane disposed on or below a second surface of the substrate, wherein the second surface is opposite the first surface;
a first via passing through the ground plane, wherein the first via includes a first power feed line configured to supply the first current; and
a second via passing through the ground plane, wherein the second via is different from the first via and includes a second power feed line configured to supply the second current.
2. The near field Radio Frequency (RF) power transfer system of claim 1, wherein the first antenna element and the second antenna element are segments of a helical antenna.
3. The near field Radio Frequency (RF) power transfer system of claim 1, wherein the first antenna element is a segment of a first pole of a dipole antenna and the second antenna element is a segment of a second pole of the dipole antenna.
4. The near field Radio Frequency (RF) power transfer system of claim 1, wherein the first antenna element and the second antenna element are segments of a loop antenna.
5. The near field Radio Frequency (RF) power transfer system of claim 1, wherein the first antenna element and the second antenna element are segments of a loop antenna comprising concentric rings.
6. The near field Radio Frequency (RF) power transfer system of claim 1, wherein the first antenna element and the second antenna element are segments of a monopole antenna.
7. The near field Radio Frequency (RF) power transfer system of claim 1, wherein the first antenna element and the second antenna element are segments of a hybrid dipole antenna comprising two helical poles.
8. The near field Radio Frequency (RF) power transfer system of claim 1, wherein the first antenna element and the second antenna element are segments of a stepped spiral antenna.
9. The near field Radio Frequency (RF) power transfer system of claim 1, wherein the ground plane is comprised of a solid metal sheet of copper or a copper alloy.
10. The near field Radio Frequency (RF) power transfer system of claim 1, wherein the ground plane is comprised of a metal strip arranged in a shape selected from the group consisting of a loop, a spiral, and a mesh.
11. The near field Radio Frequency (RF) power transfer system of claim 1, wherein the first antenna element and the second antenna element are comprised of copper or a copper alloy.
12. The near field Radio Frequency (RF) power transfer system of claim 1, wherein the far field portion of the first RF radiation cancels the far field portion of the second RF radiation.
13. The near field Radio Frequency (RF) power transfer system of claim 1, wherein the ground plane is configured to reflect at least a portion of the RF radiation generated by the first antenna element and the second antenna element.
14. The near field Radio Frequency (RF) power transfer system of claim 1, wherein the ground plane is configured to cancel at least a portion of the RF radiation generated by the first antenna element and the second antenna element.
15. The near field Radio Frequency (RF) power transfer system of claim 1, wherein the power transfer system is configured as a power transmitter.
16. The near field Radio Frequency (RF) power transfer system of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a metamaterial having a predetermined permeability or permittivity.
17. A method of near field radio frequency, RF, power transfer with a transmitter comprising a first antenna element, a second antenna element, a ground plane, a first via, and a second via, the method comprising:
supplying a first current to the first antenna element through the first via through the ground plane such that the first antenna element generates a first RF radiation;
supplying a second current to the second antenna element through the second via, different from the first via and through the ground plane, such that the second antenna element generates a second RF radiation,
wherein the first current is in a first direction and the second current is in a second direction different and opposite from the first direction such that (i) a far-field portion of the second RF radiation substantially cancels a far-field portion of the first RF radiation and (ii) a near-field portion of the second RF radiation does not substantially cancel a near-field portion of the first RF radiation, wherein the first antenna element is positioned above the second antenna element and the first and second antenna elements produce the first and second RF radiation when an electronic device is within a predetermined proximity of the transmitter, and wherein a near-field portion of the second RF radiation and a near-field portion of the first RF radiation are transmitted to the electronic device, which converts the near-field portion of the second RF radiation and the near-field portion of the first RF radiation into usable electrical power for charging the electronic device The force is applied to the inner wall of the container,
wherein the first antenna element and the second antenna element are disposed on or below a first surface of a substrate, and
wherein the ground plane is disposed on or below a second surface of the substrate opposite the first surface.
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| PCT/US2017/046800 WO2018032009A1 (en) | 2016-08-12 | 2017-08-14 | Miniaturized highly-efficient designs for near-field power transfer system |
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| US11159057B2 (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2021-10-26 | Energous Corporation | Loop antennas with selectively-activated feeds to control propagation patterns of wireless power signals |
| WO2019190091A1 (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2019-10-03 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | Wireless charging device with wireless communication coil |
| CN111509403B (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2022-02-18 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Array antenna and electronic device |
| US11616284B2 (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2023-03-28 | Bench Tree Group, Llc | Electromagnetic tool using slotted point dipole antennas |
| JP2024012724A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2024-01-31 | エイターリンク株式会社 | Wireless power supply mask device |
| KR102283986B1 (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-07-29 | 양황순 | Coil Assembly for wireless battery charge |
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- 2017-08-14 WO PCT/US2017/046800 patent/WO2018032009A1/en unknown
- 2017-08-14 CN CN201780062480.6A patent/CN109874351B/en active Active
- 2017-08-14 KR KR1020197007062A patent/KR102089375B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2017-08-14 JP JP2019507785A patent/JP6770172B2/en active Active
- 2017-08-14 EP EP17840412.5A patent/EP3497774A4/en active Pending
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP6770172B2 (en) | 2020-10-14 |
| EP3497774A1 (en) | 2019-06-19 |
| KR102089375B1 (en) | 2020-03-17 |
| EP3497774A4 (en) | 2019-08-14 |
| WO2018032009A1 (en) | 2018-02-15 |
| CN109874351A (en) | 2019-06-11 |
| KR20190032600A (en) | 2019-03-27 |
| JP2019531682A (en) | 2019-10-31 |
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