CN109873179B - Fuel cell system and low-temperature quick start method - Google Patents
Fuel cell system and low-temperature quick start method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109873179B CN109873179B CN201711261589.0A CN201711261589A CN109873179B CN 109873179 B CN109873179 B CN 109873179B CN 201711261589 A CN201711261589 A CN 201711261589A CN 109873179 B CN109873179 B CN 109873179B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a low-temperature quick starting device for a fuel cell. Comprises a combustion chamber for providing heat for the reforming chamber; the reforming chamber is used for converting methanol into hydrogen; the electric pile is used for converting the chemical energy of the hydrogen into electric energy; the electromagnetic valve is used for controlling the hydrogen flow; the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank is used for storing hydrogen; the pressure sensor is used for detecting the hydrogen pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank; the methanol supply module is used for supplying methanol to the combustion chamber and the reforming chamber; the control module is used for controlling the opening of the solenoid valve, reading the pressure of hydrogen, and adjusting the supply of methanol in the combustion chamber and the reforming chamber. The invention adds the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank to store a part of hydrogen and provides the hydrogen to the combustion chamber when the fuel cell system is started, particularly when the fuel cell system is started at low temperature, so that the combustion chamber can be quickly heated to reach the temperature capable of catalyzing the combustion of methanol, and the starting time of the fuel cell is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a low-temperature quick starting device for a fuel cell.
Background
The conventional fuel cell starting system is mostly started by adopting electric heating, has long starting time, is not uniformly heated, needs to consume a large amount of electric energy, and is difficult to heat the fuel cell to a temperature suitable for operation particularly during low-temperature starting, and even can exhaust the electric energy of the lithium battery before the fuel cell is heated to the temperature suitable for operation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a hydrogen storage structure with an electromagnetic valve, a low-pressure hydrogen storage tank and a pressure sensor added at a hydrogen outlet of a galvanic pile, which is used for accelerating the next fuel cell starting and solving the difficult problem of low-temperature starting of the fuel cell. And provides a hydrogen storage pressure algorithm for calculating the hydrogen storage pressure required by the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank based on the current ambient temperature and possible ambient temperature in a period of time in the future, and provides hydrogen to the combustion chamber according to the hydrogen pressure in the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank and the ambient temperature when the fuel cell is started next time, so as to accelerate the start of the fuel cell, and additionally assist electric heating to reach the required start temperature when the hydrogen is stored insufficiently.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:
a fuel cell system comprises a fuel supply module, a fuel combustion chamber, a fuel reforming chamber and a fuel cell stack, wherein the fuel supply module is simultaneously connected with the fuel combustion chamber and the fuel reforming chamber through pipelines and is used for supplying fuel to the fuel combustion chamber and the fuel reforming chamber; the reforming chamber is communicated with an anode inlet pipeline of the fuel cell stack; the fuel combustion chamber provides heat for the fuel reforming chamber, or the fuel combustion chamber provides heat for the fuel reforming chamber and the fuel cell stack during starting, and the fuel is liquid fuel;
the fuel cell system also comprises a low-pressure hydrogen storage module and a control module; the low-pressure hydrogen storage module comprises a low-pressure hydrogen storage tank, a pressure sensor and a second electromagnetic valve; the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank is connected with an anode outlet of the fuel cell stack or an outlet pipeline of the reforming chamber through a pipeline, the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank is communicated with the fuel combustion chamber through a second electromagnetic valve through an outlet pipeline, and the pressure sensor is arranged in the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank or on the outlet pipeline; the control module is in signal connection with the pressure sensor and the second electromagnetic valve, namely the control module controls the action of the electromagnetic valve after receiving the control signal of the pressure sensor.
The liquid fuel is one or more of methanol, ethanol, gasoline and diesel oil, and the fuel supply module comprises a fuel storage tank and a liquid pump.
The low-pressure hydrogen storage tank is connected with the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack or the outlet of the reforming chamber through a first electromagnetic valve pipeline, the control module is in signal connection with the first electromagnetic valve, namely the control module controls the actions of the first electromagnetic valve and the second electromagnetic valve after receiving a control signal of the pressure sensor.
When the fuel cell system comprises a fuel supply module, a fuel combustion chamber and a fuel cell stack, the fuel supply module is connected with an anode inlet pipeline of the fuel cell stack and supplies fuel to the fuel cell stack; the fuel combustion chamber provides heat for a fuel cell stack during starting, and the fuel is hydrogen;
the fuel cell system also comprises a low-pressure hydrogen storage module and a control module; the low-pressure hydrogen storage module comprises a low-pressure hydrogen storage tank, a pressure sensor and a second electromagnetic valve; the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank is connected with an anode outlet of the fuel cell stack or an outlet pipeline of the reforming chamber through a pipeline, the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank is communicated with the fuel combustion chamber through a second electromagnetic valve through an outlet pipeline, and the pressure sensor is arranged in the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank or on the outlet pipeline; the control module is in signal connection with the pressure sensor and the second electromagnetic valve, namely the control module controls the action of the electromagnetic valve after receiving the control signal of the pressure sensor.
The fuel delivery module includes a fuel tank and a valve.
The low-pressure hydrogen storage tank is connected with the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack or the outlet of the reforming chamber through a first electromagnetic valve pipeline, the control module is in signal connection with the first electromagnetic valve, namely the control module controls the actions of the first electromagnetic valve and the second electromagnetic valve after receiving a control signal of the pressure sensor.
The low-temperature quick starting method of the fuel cell system comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the ambient temperature of the low-temperature start and inputting the ambient temperature into the controller; the controller calculates the amount of the required hydrogen according to the heat required by the start-up of the galvanic pile at the low-temperature environment temperature;
(2) the controller calculates the gas pressure in the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank according to the amount of the required hydrogen substance calculated in the step (1) and the volume of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank which is input into the controller;
(3) the controller adjusts the opening degree of the second electromagnetic valve or adjusts the opening degrees of the first electronic valve and the second electronic valve according to requirements so as to ensure that the gas pressure in the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank is higher than the gas pressure value obtained in the step (2) through calculation;
(4) opening a second electromagnetic valve to lead the hydrogen in the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank to the combustion chamber, wherein the combustion chamber provides heat for the fuel cell stack and/or the fuel reforming chamber; and after the temperature of the fuel cell stack reaches the starting temperature, starting the fuel cell stack to finish the low-temperature quick start of the fuel cell system.
The invention has the following beneficial effects and advantages:
1. the problems of long low-temperature starting time and difficult starting of the fuel cell are solved.
2. The problem that a large amount of electric energy is consumed for heating when the fuel cell is started is solved.
3. The problem of uneven temperature when the fuel cell is started and electrically heated is solved.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a control flow diagram of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of an electric heating start-up structure.
The specific implementation mode is as follows: the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example (b):
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the apparatus of the present invention.
Taking a 3kW methanol fuel cell system as an example, the low-temperature rapid start system comprises a combustion chamber for providing heat for a reforming chamber; the reforming chamber is used for converting methanol into hydrogen; the electric pile is used for converting the chemical energy of the hydrogen into electric energy; the electromagnetic valve is used for controlling the hydrogen flow; the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank is used for storing hydrogen, the volume of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank is 2L, if the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank is required to realize quick start at the temperature of minus 40 ℃, the hydrogen storage pressure is 1 MPa; the pressure sensor is used for detecting the hydrogen pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank; the methanol supply module is used for supplying methanol to the combustion chamber and the reforming chamber; the control module is used for controlling the opening of the solenoid valve, reading the pressure of hydrogen, and adjusting the supply of methanol in the combustion chamber and the reforming chamber. The invention adds the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank to store a part of hydrogen left by the discharge of the galvanic pile and provides the hydrogen to the combustion chamber when the fuel cell system is started, particularly when the fuel cell system is started at low temperature, so that the temperature of the combustion chamber can be raised within 5 minutes to reach the temperature capable of catalyzing the combustion of methanol, and the starting time of the fuel cell is shortened.
Fig. 2 shows a control flow chart of the present invention.
The system collects current environment temperature information, collects a temperature range in a period of time in the future, calculates the hydrogen leakage rate according to the previous data, calculates the hydrogen amount required by the next fuel cell start according to the data, calculates the required hydrogen pressure according to the volume of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank, adjusts the opening degree of the electromagnetic valve to ensure that the hydrogen pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank is higher than the calculated value, records the data and exits.
Comparative example:
fig. 3 is a block diagram showing an electric heating start structure.
Taking a 3kW methanol fuel cell system as an example, the electric heating starting system comprises a combustion chamber for providing heat for the reforming chamber; the reforming chamber is used for converting methanol into hydrogen; the electric pile is used for converting the chemical energy of the hydrogen into electric energy; the electric heating rod is used for providing heat for the combustion chamber; the methanol supply module is used for supplying methanol to the combustion chamber and the reforming chamber; the control module is used for controlling the electric heating rod to work and regulating the methanol supply of the combustion chamber and the reforming chamber. Low temperature start at-40 c with pure electric start requires 15 minutes to heat the combustor to a temperature that can catalyze the combustion of methanol while consuming about 200Wh of electrical energy. The starting speed is slow, and the lithium battery is required to discharge at high power at the temperature of minus 40 ℃, so that the integral volume and the cost of the product are increased.
Claims (5)
1. A low-temperature quick starting method of a fuel cell system is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
determining the ambient temperature of the low-temperature start and inputting the ambient temperature into the controller; the controller calculates the amount of the required hydrogen according to the heat required by the start-up of the galvanic pile at the low-temperature environment temperature;
the controller calculates the gas pressure in the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank according to the amount of the required hydrogen substance calculated in the step (1) and the volume of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank which is input into the controller;
the controller adjusts the opening degree of the second electromagnetic valve or adjusts the opening degrees of the first electromagnetic valve and the second electromagnetic valve according to requirements so as to ensure that the gas pressure in the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank is higher than the gas pressure value obtained in the step (2) through calculation;
opening a second electromagnetic valve to lead the hydrogen in the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank to a combustion chamber, wherein the combustion chamber provides heat for the fuel cell stack and/or the fuel reforming chamber; after the temperature of the fuel cell stack reaches the starting temperature, starting the fuel cell stack to finish the low-temperature quick start of the fuel cell system;
the fuel cell system comprises a fuel supply module, a fuel combustion chamber, a fuel reforming chamber and a fuel cell stack, wherein the fuel supply module is simultaneously connected with the fuel combustion chamber and the fuel reforming chamber through pipelines and is used for supplying fuel to the fuel combustion chamber and the fuel reforming chamber; the reforming chamber is communicated with an anode inlet pipeline of the fuel cell stack; the fuel combustion chamber provides heat for the fuel reforming chamber, or the fuel combustion chamber provides heat for the fuel reforming chamber and the fuel cell stack during starting, the fuel is liquid fuel, and the fuel cell system further comprises a low-pressure hydrogen storage module and a control module; the low-pressure hydrogen storage module comprises a low-pressure hydrogen storage tank, a pressure sensor and a second electromagnetic valve; the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank is connected with an anode outlet of the fuel cell stack or an outlet pipeline of the reforming chamber through a pipeline, the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank is communicated with the fuel combustion chamber through a second electromagnetic valve through an outlet pipeline, and the pressure sensor is arranged in the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank or on the outlet pipeline; the control module is in signal connection with the pressure sensor and the second electromagnetic valve, namely the control module controls the action of the electromagnetic valve after receiving a control signal of the pressure sensor; the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank is connected with the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack or the outlet of the reforming chamber through a first electromagnetic valve pipeline, the control module is in signal connection with the first electromagnetic valve, namely the control module controls the actions of the first electromagnetic valve and the second electromagnetic valve after receiving a control signal of the pressure sensor.
2. A start-up method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the liquid fuel is one or more of methanol, ethanol, gasoline and diesel oil, and the fuel supply module comprises a fuel storage tank and a liquid pump.
3. A low-temperature quick starting method of a fuel cell system is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of determining the ambient temperature of the low-temperature start and inputting the ambient temperature into a controller; the controller calculates the amount of the required hydrogen according to the heat required by the start-up of the galvanic pile at the low-temperature environment temperature;
the controller calculates the gas pressure in the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank according to the amount of the required hydrogen substance calculated in the step (1) and the volume of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank which is input into the controller;
the controller adjusts the opening degree of the second electromagnetic valve or adjusts the opening degrees of the first electronic valve and the second electronic valve according to requirements so as to ensure that the gas pressure in the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank is higher than the gas pressure value obtained in the step (2) through calculation;
opening a second electromagnetic valve to lead the hydrogen in the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank to the combustion chamber, wherein the combustion chamber provides heat for the fuel cell stack and/or the fuel reforming chamber; after the temperature of the fuel cell stack reaches the starting temperature, starting the fuel cell stack to finish the low-temperature quick start of the fuel cell system;
the fuel cell system comprises a fuel supply module, a fuel combustion chamber and a fuel cell stack, wherein the fuel supply module is connected with an anode inlet pipeline of the fuel cell stack and is used for supplying fuel to the fuel cell stack; the fuel combustion chamber provides heat for a fuel cell stack when the fuel combustion chamber is started, the fuel is hydrogen, and the fuel cell system further comprises a low-pressure hydrogen storage module and a control module; the low-pressure hydrogen storage module comprises a low-pressure hydrogen storage tank, a pressure sensor and a second electromagnetic valve; the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank is connected with an anode outlet of the fuel cell stack or an outlet pipeline of the reforming chamber through a pipeline, the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank is communicated with the fuel combustion chamber through a second electromagnetic valve through an outlet pipeline, and the pressure sensor is arranged in the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank or on the outlet pipeline; the control module is in signal connection with the pressure sensor and the second electromagnetic valve, namely the control module controls the action of the electromagnetic valve after receiving the control signal of the pressure sensor.
4. A start-up method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the fuel delivery module includes a fuel tank and a valve.
5. A starting method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank is connected with the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack or the outlet of the reforming chamber through a first electromagnetic valve pipeline, the control module is in signal connection with the first electromagnetic valve, namely the control module controls the actions of the first electromagnetic valve and the second electromagnetic valve after receiving a control signal of the pressure sensor.
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| CN201711261589.0A CN109873179B (en) | 2017-12-04 | 2017-12-04 | Fuel cell system and low-temperature quick start method |
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| CN201711261589.0A CN109873179B (en) | 2017-12-04 | 2017-12-04 | Fuel cell system and low-temperature quick start method |
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| CN110649282B (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2022-04-19 | 西安新衡科测控技术有限责任公司 | HT-PEM methanol-water fuel cell control system and control method |
| CN111211342A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-29 | 张纵 | Management method and system for hydrogen fuel cell for vehicle |
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