CN109871596A - The main contributions Structure Prediction Methods of new-energy automobile electric drive axle vibration noise - Google Patents
The main contributions Structure Prediction Methods of new-energy automobile electric drive axle vibration noise Download PDFInfo
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- CN109871596A CN109871596A CN201910082461.0A CN201910082461A CN109871596A CN 109871596 A CN109871596 A CN 109871596A CN 201910082461 A CN201910082461 A CN 201910082461A CN 109871596 A CN109871596 A CN 109871596A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of main contributions Structure Prediction Methods of new-energy automobile electric drive axle vibration noise, the following steps are included: S1, establishing based on many-body dynamics method the many-body dynamics computation model of electric drive axle, the exciting force as caused by gear drive error and bearing touch is calculated；S2, the Dynamics Finite Element Model that electric drive axle is established based on finite element dynamic method calculate the frequency response under drive axle exciting force effect obtained by S1 calculating；S3, the boundary element model that electric drive axle noise radiation is established based on boundary element theory carry out numerical value calculating to the noise radiation of electric drive axle based on step S2 the data obtained.Present invention saves main noises to contribute the structure prediction time, reduces experimental cost, improves the accuracy of noise significant contribution structure under prediction crest frequency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to automobile advanced design manufacturing fields, more specifically to a kind of new-energy automobile electric drive axle
The main contributions Structure Prediction Methods of vibration noise.
Background technique
Noise is the key factor for judging modern means of communication comfort, and the vibration noise of transmission system is in internal-combustion engines vehicle
On be often ignored.And since without engine, the noise of transmission system is just highlighted on electric car, become influence
The most important noise source of electric car comfort.The vibration noise for thus reducing transmission system can largely reduce vehicle
Vibration noise, and main vibration noise is caused by drive axle in new-energy automobile.
Currently, the main Research Thinking of vibration noise about drive axle is to carry out numerical value meter by simple finite element
It calculates.And since driving bridge system is excessively complicated, finite element numerical simulation is limited to the limit of the convergence calculated and calculation scale
Contact relation complicated in bearing, is often reduced to the substituting units such as CBUSH by system, it is difficult to which the dynamics for accurately reflecting bearing is special
Property.It in contrast, can be fine by the method that many-body dynamics+three step of finite element+boundary element is composed in the present invention
Solve these problems.
A kind of drive axle vibration noise numerical value meter is disclosed in the patent of invention of Patent No. ZL201710536412.0
Calculation method, in the method although it is contemplated that transmission system is coupled with the non-linear bearing rigidity of axle housing, but it is calculating axis
Simplification is taken to bearing when holding non-linear rigidity coupling, using the stable state linear rigidity of bearing instead of non-linear rigidity.
In addition this method and automobile drive axle practical work process have certain gap, be difficult to obtain accurate gear engagement time-varying excitation with
And be unable to the accurate description time-varying excitation with bearing rotate and change, be eventually transferred on shell cause hull vibration this
Process.Thus the accurate numerical solution of drive axle vibration noise can not be obtained, and then be unable to Accurate Prediction noise and contribution amount compared with
Big structural panel.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that providing a kind of more accurate, electric closer to actual new-energy automobile
The numerical value of drive axle vibration noise calculates and main contributions Structure Prediction Methods.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is: constructing a kind of new-energy automobile electric drive axle vibration
The main contributions Structure Prediction Methods of noise, comprising the following steps:
S1, the many-body dynamics computation model that electric drive axle is established based on many-body dynamics method, are calculated and are passed by gear
Exciting force caused by dynamic error and bearing touch；
S2, the Dynamics Finite Element Model that electric drive axle is established based on finite element dynamic method, are calculated drive axle and existed
Frequency response under exciting force effect；
S3, the boundary element model that electric drive axle noise radiation is established based on boundary element theory are based on step S2 the data obtained
Numerical value calculating is carried out to the noise radiation of electric drive axle；Find out in the biggish peak sound pressure frequency of numerical value with each component of theoretical calculation
The corresponding frequency of working frequency, by the vibratory response of step S2 calculated result analysis-driven bridge at these frequencies, according to vibration
Dynamic size carries out piecemeal to driving axle housing, then when establishing acoustic boundary member grid the boundary element for corresponding to these piecemeals
Grid assigns different attributes；The acoustic boundary meta-model for having panel is established, corresponding calculating parameter is set, submission calculates
Each panel contribution amount of acoustic pressure and acoustical power at output point under to different frequency.
In above scheme, the step S1 further comprises:
S11, the physical model that each component of electric drive axle is established by three-dimensional software ProE, then the 3D solid established
Model imports in multi-body Dynamic Analysis software ADAMS；
S12, the dress between each component is being arranged in the concrete form of engineering in practice according to electric drive axle in ADAMS software
Match and connects and contact relation；
S13, constant rotational speed driving is inputted on the input shaft of electric drive axle while inputting simulated automotive on the semiaxis of left and right
The reaction torque that ground is transmitted to wheel when driving, the time calculated required for being arranged and time step, move electric drive axle
Mechanics Calculation is calculated a bearing outer ring mass center and is in dynamic ex-citing forces suffered in simulation process；
In above scheme, the step S2 further comprises:
S21, based on the three-dimensional entity model established under step S1 before, to physical model in HyperMesh software
It is discrete to carry out grid, establishes the finite element model of each component of electric drive axle；
S22, the connection relationship set up between each component are consistent with reality；
Exciting force suffered by S23, each bearing outer ring calculated to above step S1 carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to obtain
To the Spectrum Relationship of excitation；
S24, the position for the loading spectrum of gained exciting force in S23 being loaded into finite element model response, setting solve parameter
And output parameter, carry out FEM calculation；Each grid node of electric drive axle finite element model is obtained after calculating in different frequencies
Speed, acceleration and displacement data under rate.
In above scheme, the step S3 further comprises:
S31, it is established based on acoustics in finite-element preprocessing software HyperMesh by the structural finite element model of step S2
Acoustic boundary member grid needed for calculating；
S32, steps for importing S2 calculating is resulting comprising each node vibrations of model in acoustics software for calculation Virtual.Lab
The destination file of data (speed/acceleration/displacement), while the resulting boundary element model of steps for importing S31；
S33, the vibration data of each node is mapped on boundary on grid by mapping relations, setting material properties are set
Set reflecting surface simulation ground, setting ISO site and boundary condition；
S34, setting solve parameter, submit and solve；After solution, obtain calculating the acoustic pressure cloud atlas in site in result；
It is set after solution and needs the site paid close attention to as output point, tool is converted by the voctor-function that software carries
Previous step can be calculated the numeric form that resulting cloud atlas data are transformed into output point；
S35, the working frequency of acoustic pressure data at output point and bearing obtained by theoretical calculation, gear is compared.It finds out
Each component working frequency crest frequency corresponding with acoustic pressure data, the foundation of the structure optimization as subsequent vibration and noise reducing；
S36, the vibratory response by step S2 calculated result analysis-driven bridge under the established frequency of S35, according to vibration
Size carries out piecemeal to driving axle housing, then when establishing acoustic boundary member grid the boundary element mesh for corresponding to these piecemeals
Different attributes is assigned, boundary element mesh corresponding to these positions is set as different when establishing acoustic boundary meta-model
Panel；
S37, the acoustic boundary meta-model for having panel is established, corresponding calculating parameter is set, difference is calculated in submission
Each panel contribution amount of acoustic pressure and acoustical power at output point under frequency；
The contribution amount of S38, each panel obtained by step S37, find out the maximum panel of contribution amount, accurately obtain contribution amount
Maximum position and component provide reliable basis for subsequent vibration and noise reducing.
Implement the main contributions Structure Prediction Methods of new-energy automobile electric drive axle vibration noise of the invention, has following
The utility model has the advantages that
1, the present invention passes through foundation and engineering actually consistent new-energy automobile electric drive axle kinetic model, obtains system
The main excitation of middle each position.And then new-energy automobile electric drive axle vibration noise mould is established by FInite Element and boundary element method
Type, the main excitation based on system each position obtains the peak noise of the critical components working frequencies such as bearing, gear, and then predicts
The main noise of each noise peak position contributes structure.This method has saved the main noise contribution structure prediction time, reduces
Experimental cost improves the forecasting accuracy of prediction crest frequency noise significant contribution structure.
2, the assembly and connection relationship between present invention component each in the multi-body Dynamics Model for establishing electric drive axle
Actually consistent with engineering, compared with the previous power train multi-body Dynamics Model that other people are established, the model is in simulation process
The transient state of mutual alignment relation, actually consistent with engineering between the components such as middle gear, shafting, bearing, institute in the present invention
The model of foundation is closer to real model.In addition, Boundary Element carries out Plate division when subsequent noise figure calculates, it can
The plate contribution amount for carrying out noise calculates, and can provide more convenient specific thinking for the searching and establishment of noise source.
3, the present invention provides one kind can accurate simulation go out as gear engaged transmission error caused by dynamic ex-citing forces, with
And the exciting force, with constantly converting in bearing roller rolling process, being transmitted to shell finally by bearing outer ring, this is a series of
The method of the course of work.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples, in attached drawing:
Fig. 1 is prediction technique flow diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the ADAMS multi-body Dynamics Model of electric drive axle；
Fig. 3 is the time-domain diagram positioned at the X of two axis right end of retarder, 6206 bearing to exciting force；
Fig. 4 is the frequency domain figure after FFT transform；
Fig. 5 is the finite element dynamics of electric drive axle；
Fig. 6 is each component connection relationship of electric drive axle Dynamics Finite Element Model；
Fig. 7 is the speed vibration data of each grid node of electric drive axle；
Fig. 8 is the boundary element model of electric drive axle noise radiation；
Fig. 9 is the boundary element mesh of electric drive axle boundary element model；
Figure 10 is the acoustic pressure cloud atlas of boundary element model ISO site；
Figure 11 is the acoustic pressure data on output point；
Figure 12 is each component theoretical work frequency relationship corresponding with noise peak frequency；
Figure 13 is the acoustic boundary member grid that different attribute is assigned according to vibration position；
Figure 14 is pressure contribution amount of each panel at output point.
Specific embodiment
For a clearer understanding of the technical characteristics, objects and effects of the present invention, now control attached drawing is described in detail
A specific embodiment of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the main contributions Structure Prediction Methods packet of new-energy automobile electric drive axle vibration noise of the invention
Include following steps:
The practical many-body dynamics computation model for establishing electric drive axle of S1, incorporation engineering, as shown in Figure 2.
1. the three-dimensional entity model of electric drive axle is established using 3 d modeling software ProE, including reducer gear axis
One axis, two axis of reducer gear axis, two shaft gear of retarder, differential mechanism outer gear ring, differential casing, differential spider wheel, a left side
The components such as right jack shaft, reducer shell, axle housing, bearing 6206, bearing 6009, bearing 3208-ARS and key pin.
2. the 1. middle threedimensional model established is imported in many-body dynamics software ADAMS, according to electric drive axle in engineering reality
The assembly relation between each component is arranged in concrete form in border.Such as: being contact relation between setting gear mesh, setting bearing rolls
Being between kinetoplast and Internal and external cycle is the relationship that is connected, setting drive shaft and difference between contact relation, setting bearing outer ring and shell
It is the relationship that is connected between fast device shell and bearing inner race.The freedom degree of bearing roller and Internal and external cycle and mobile relationship and each tooth
Freedom degree and mobile relationship between wheel shaft and gear mesh will be established by the correlation between each component, actually complete with engineering
It is complete consistent, thus accurate kinetic results can be obtained.
3. assume in this example that electric automobile during traveling speed be 30km/h, according to relevant parameter can convert electric drive axle subtracts
Fast one axis revolving speed of device is 200.351r/s, applies revolving speed on one axis of retarder accordingly and is driven to 12021.06 °/s.It ties simultaneously
Reality is closed, applies identical reaction torque in electric drive axle or so semiaxis to simulate electric car straight-line travelling.When setting emulation
Between and emulation step etc. calculating parameters, emulated.
4. theoretical calculation and simulation result compare, such as the revolving speed of each component is checked, checks retarder in this example
Two axle bearing rolling element revolving speeds.According to theoretical calculation, rolling element obtains revolving speed under the present conditions first are as follows:
In formula (1), dmFor bearing pitch diameter, niFor inner ring revolving speed, D is rolling element diameter, γ=Dcos α/dm；By
D known to theoretical calculationm=45.91mm, ni=97.31r/s, D=9.525mm, γ=0.207.And it should as obtained by simulation result
Bearing roller rotation revolving speed is about 218r/s, considers simplification and phantom error when calculating, it is believed that the simulation model is quasi-
It is really feasible.
5. from the above comparing result: establish multi-body Dynamics Model is accurately feasible, computed information is accurate
Reliably.Exciting force suffered by each bearing outer ring mass center is extracted as calculated result, each bearing outer ring there are tri- directions X, Y, Z respectively
Exciting force.To extract exciting force carries out FFT (Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)) and can obtain exciting force obtaining frequency domain data, electricity drives
Dynamic bridge totally 8 bearings, to there is 24 exciting forces, Fig. 3 is the X positioned at two axis right end of retarder, 6206 bearing to exciting force for institute
Time-domain diagram, Fig. 4 are the frequency domain figure after FFT transform.
S2, the Dynamics Finite Element Model for establishing electric drive axle, as shown in figure 5, calculating drive axle in bearing exciting force
Frequency response under effect.Specific implementation step is as follows:
1. based on the three-dimensional entity model established under step S1 before, in HyperMesh software to physical model into
Row grid is discrete, establishes the finite element model of each component of electric drive axle.
2. setting up the connection relationship between each component according to the actual situation.Specifically such as: setting up between reducer shell and axle housing
For be bolted, be arranged be between bearing outer ring and shell fixed relationship, gearing relationships utilize RIGRID+MPC unit connect
Connecing, being arranged is fixed relationship between bearing inner race and shafting, and each connection relationship is as shown in Figure 6.
3. being loaded into the corresponding position of finite element model using exciting force obtained by FFT transform is passed through as loading spectrum in step S1
It sets, setting solves parameter and output parameter, carries out FEM calculation.Each grid on finite element model can be obtained after calculating
Must be displaced under node different frequency, the vibration datas such as velocity and acceleration it is as shown in Figure 7.
(3) boundary element model of electric drive axle noise radiation, such as Fig. 8 are established, electricity is calculated based on step S2 the data obtained and is driven
The noise of dynamic bridge.Specific step is as follows:
1. the finite element model based on step S2 is established needed for acoustics calculating in finite-element preprocessing software HyperMesh
Boundary element mesh it is as shown in Figure 9.
2. it includes each node vibrations number of model that steps for importing S2, which is calculated resulting, in acoustics software for calculation Virtual.Lab
According to the destination file of (speed/acceleration/displacement).1. resulting boundary element mesh in steps for importing S3 simultaneously.
3. the vibration data of each node is mapped on boundary on grid by mapping relations, setting material is air, and
Respective attributes are arranged to assign boundary element mesh, reflecting surface is arranged according to the road clearance of electric drive axle for simulating ground, setting
The series of parameters such as ISO site and boundary condition.
4. setting solves parameter as solved frequency range and frequency steps, submits and solve.After solution, in the result just
It is as shown in Figure 10 can to obtain the acoustic pressure cloud charts calculated in site.
Need the site paid close attention to as output point 5. setting after solution, the voctor- that can be carried by software
Function conversion tool can calculate previous step the numeric form that resulting cloud atlas data are transformed into output point.Output point
Place's acoustic pressure data is compared with the resulting bearing of theoretical calculation and working gear frequency, can find out each component working frequency
Relationship corresponding with noise peak frequency is as shown in figure 12.
6. the size by vibratory response of the step S2 calculated result analysis-driven bridge under 5. established frequency, according to vibration
Piecemeal is carried out to driving axle housing, then the boundary element mesh for corresponding to these piecemeals is assigned when establishing acoustic boundary member grid
Different attribute, as shown in figure 13, conveniently when establishing acoustic boundary meta-model boundary element mesh corresponding to these positions
It is set as different panels.
7. establishing the acoustic boundary meta-model for having panel, corresponding calculating parameter is set, submitting to calculate can obtain not
Acoustic pressure and acoustical power contribution amount of each panel at output point under same frequency, as shown in figure 14.Acoustical power contributes biggish face
Plate plane3, plane4 are the main contributions structures of noise under the Frequency point, thus subsequent optimize to the positional structure can
The noise of the Frequency point is effectively reduced.
8. simulation analysis 4. 5. 6. 7. can be done in conjunction with vehicle above, can effectively avoid resonating, the present invention is not described in detail one by one.
The embodiment of the present invention is described with above attached drawing, but the invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific
Embodiment, the above mentioned embodiment is only schematical, rather than restrictive, those skilled in the art
Under the inspiration of the present invention, without breaking away from the scope protected by the purposes and claims of the present invention, it can also make very much
Form, all of these belong to the protection of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of main contributions Structure Prediction Methods of new-energy automobile electric drive axle vibration noise, which is characterized in that including with
Lower step:
S1, the many-body dynamics computation model that electric drive axle is established based on many-body dynamics method, are calculated and are missed by gear drive
Exciting force caused by difference and bearing touch；
S2, the Dynamics Finite Element Model that electric drive axle is established based on finite element dynamic method are calculated drive axle and counted in S1
Calculate the frequency response under gained exciting force effect；
S3, the boundary element model that electric drive axle noise radiation is established based on boundary element theory, based on step S2 the data obtained to electricity
The noise radiation of drive axle carries out numerical value calculating；Acoustic pressure crest frequency corresponding with component theoretical work frequency is found out, by step
The vibratory response of rapid S2 calculated result analysis-driven bridge at these frequencies, the size according to vibration divide driving axle housing
Then block assigns different attributes the boundary element mesh for corresponding to these piecemeals when establishing acoustic boundary member grid；It establishes
Acoustic boundary meta-model with panel, is arranged corresponding calculating parameter, and each panel is calculated under different frequency defeated in submission
The contribution amount of acoustic pressure and acoustical power at point out.
2. the main contributions Structure Prediction Methods of new-energy automobile electric drive axle vibration noise according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the step S1 further comprises:
S11, the physical model that each component of electric drive axle is established by three-dimensional software ProE, then the three-dimensional entity model established
It imports in multi-body Dynamic Analysis software ADAMS；
S12, in ADAMS software according to electric drive axle the concrete form of engineering in practice be arranged the assembly between each component with
And connection and contact relation；
S13, the constant rotational speed driving input simulated automotive traveling on the semiaxis of left and right simultaneously is inputted on the input shaft of electric drive axle
When the ground reaction torque transmitted to wheel, the time calculated required for being arranged and time step carry out dynamics to electric drive axle
It calculates, a bearing outer ring mass center is calculated and is in dynamic ex-citing forces suffered in simulation process.
3. the main contributions Structure Prediction Methods of new-energy automobile electric drive axle vibration noise according to claim 2,
It is characterized in that, the step S2 further comprises:
S21, based on the three-dimensional entity model established under step S1 before, in HyperMesh software to physical model carry out
Grid is discrete, establishes the finite element model of each component of electric drive axle；
S22, the connection relationship set up between each component are consistent with reality；
Exciting force suffered by S23, each bearing outer ring calculated to above step S1 carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to be swashed
The Spectrum Relationship encouraged；
S24, the position for the loading spectrum of gained exciting force in S23 being loaded into finite element model response, setting solve parameter and defeated
Parameter out carries out FEM calculation；Each grid node of electric drive axle finite element model is obtained after calculating at different frequencies
Speed, acceleration and displacement data.
4. the main contributions Structure Prediction Methods of new-energy automobile electric drive axle vibration noise according to claim 3,
It is characterized in that, the step S3 further comprises:
S31, the structural finite element model based on step S2 establishes acoustics calculating institute in finite-element preprocessing software HyperMesh
The acoustic boundary member grid needed；
S32, steps for importing S2 calculating is resulting comprising each node vibrations data of model in acoustics software for calculation Virtual.Lab
The destination file of (speed/acceleration/displacement), while the resulting boundary element model of steps for importing S31；
S33, the vibration data of each node is mapped on boundary on grid by mapping relations, setting material properties, setting are anti-
It penetrates face mould and intends ground, setting ISO site and boundary condition；
S34, setting solve parameter, submit and solve；After solution, obtain calculating the acoustic pressure cloud atlas in site in result；It is asking
It is set after solution and needs the site paid close attention to as output point, tool is converted by the voctor-function that software carries
Previous step is calculated the numeric form that resulting cloud atlas data are transformed into output point；
S35, the working frequency of acoustic pressure data at output point and bearing obtained by theoretical calculation, gear is compared.Find out each portion
Part working frequency crest frequency corresponding with acoustic pressure data, the foundation of the structure optimization as subsequent vibration and noise reducing；
S36, the vibratory response by step S2 calculated result analysis-driven bridge under the established frequency of S35, the size according to vibration
Piecemeal is carried out to driving axle housing, then the boundary element mesh for corresponding to these piecemeals is assigned when establishing acoustic boundary member grid
Different attributes is set as different panels according to attribute establishing acoustic boundary meta-model；
S37, the acoustic boundary meta-model for having panel is established, corresponding calculating parameter is set, different frequency is calculated in submission
Under each panel contribution amount of acoustic pressure and acoustical power at output point；
The contribution amount of S38, each panel obtained by step S37, find out the maximum panel of contribution amount, accurate to obtain contribution amount maximum
Position and component, provide reliable basis for subsequent vibration and noise reducing.
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| CN113190991B (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2024-04-16 | 联合汽车电子有限公司 | Bearing temperature detection method and system for electric drive axle |
| CN115204020A (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2022-10-18 | 江西五十铃汽车有限公司 | Method and system for analyzing strength of electrically driven bridge system, storage medium and test equipment |
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