CN109867916A - Plant fiber reinforced resin based composites and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Plant fiber reinforced resin based composites and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109867916A
CN109867916A CN201910122636.6A CN201910122636A CN109867916A CN 109867916 A CN109867916 A CN 109867916A CN 201910122636 A CN201910122636 A CN 201910122636A CN 109867916 A CN109867916 A CN 109867916A
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plant fiber
carbon nanotube
continuous
cellulose crystal
based composites
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CN109867916B (en
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张靠民
江绍萍
李如燕
谢涛
赵焱
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of plant fiber reinforced resin based composites, it is characterized in that the composite material is made of reinforcement and resin base, wherein: reinforcement includes nano cellulose crystal, carbon nanotube, continuous plant fiber composition, and the nano cellulose crystal and carbon nanotube are attached to the surface of continuous plant fiber.The composite material reinforcement body is the complex of cellulose crystals, carbon nanotube and continuous plant fiber, has two scales of nanoscale and decimeter grade, and prepared composite material is that double scales enhance composite material.This patent provides a technological approaches for continuous plant fiber reinforced resin based composites high performance.

Description

Plant fiber reinforced resin based composites and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of double scale plant fibers to enhance composite material and preparation method, belongs to plant fiber enhancing The technical field of polymer matrix composites high performance.
Background technique
Composite is the important directions of new material development, is composite wood by the polymer matrix composite of reinforcement of fiber The important branch of material.In numerous reinforcing fibers, plant fiber is degradable with its, renewable, Gao Biqiang, low cost and easily plus The characteristics such as work and be taken seriously.However, being compared with carbon fiber, glass fibre etc. for the synthetic fibers of representative, plant fiber table The hydrophilic-structure in face and hydrophobic polymer matrix are difficult to form the interface of high quality, cannot effectively pass between reinforcing fiber and base Stress is passed, so that the mechanical property of composite material is poor.The deficiency of mechanical property directly results in plant fiber enhancing polymer matrix The application field of composite material is limited.Therefore, strengthen the interfacial bond property between base and fiber, it is multiple to significantly improve plant fiber The loaded military service performance of condensation material is the high-performance modified important research direction of plant fiber enhancing composite material
Carbon nanotube is attached to plant fibre surface and obtains the modified plant fiber in surface, carbon nanotube is attached with surface Plant fiber is a kind of new technology developed in recent years as reinforcement.To carbon nanotube is attached to plant fibre surface, Need to prepare the finely dispersed suspension of carbon nanotube first.There is scholar by carboxylic carbon nano-tube in the document published It is scattered in aqueous solvent and obtains carbon nano tube suspension, and this suspension and jute staple fiber aqueous solution are mixed, strong stirring Under so that carbon nanotube is attached to tossa surface.This method needs to carry out carbon nanotube chemical modification, and needs strong Power stirring is scattered in carbon nanotube in aqueous solvent, and obtained carbon nano tube suspension stability is poor.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of plant fiber reinforced resin based composites and preparation method thereof, exists to solve carbon nanotube The problem of plant fibre surface is uniformly adhered to, the present invention propose a kind of high-performance plant fiber reinforced resin based composites, and Provide a kind of green, simple possible preparation method.
The technical scheme is that plant fiber reinforced resin based composites, the composite material is by reinforcement and tree Aliphatic radical composition, in which: reinforcement includes nano cellulose crystal, carbon nanotube, continuous plant fiber composition, the nanofiber Cellulose crystal and carbon nanotube are attached to the surface of continuous plant fiber.Reinforcement has two scales of nanoscale and decimeter grade, institute The composite material of preparation is that double scales enhance composite material.
Specifically, remembering by weight, the composite material is by 40~55 parts of continuous plant fiber, nano cellulose crystal 0.1 ~0.5 part, 0.1~2 part of carbon nanotube, 30~45 parts of resin and 1.0~30 parts of curing agent compositions.
The continuous plant fiber includes but is not limited to ramie, sisal hemp, flax, mestha, jute, any one in bamboo fibre Kind or several combinations.
The resin base uses thermosetting resin or thermoplastic resin, and the thermosetting resin includes but is not limited to epoxy Any one in resin, vinylite;Thermoplastic resin includes but is not limited to thermoplastic polyester, any one in polyurethane.
It is of the invention the specific process steps are as follows:
(1) the modified carbon nanotube of hydroxylating or carboxylated is added in nano cellulose crystal aqueous solution, is then carried out Dispersion mixing obtains the finely dispersed nano cellulose crystal of carbon nanotube and carbon nanotube mixing suspension;
(2) continuous vegetable fibre fabric is cut into it is suitably sized, then mass fraction be 4% sodium hydroxide solution in It is taken out after impregnating 2h, is neutrality with continuous plant fiber to the flushing liquor that deionized water is rinsed after impregnating, it then will be after flushing Continuous vegetable fibre fabric is dried for standby;
(3) nano cellulose crystal and carbon nanotube mixing suspension that are uniformly mixed in step (1) are uniformly sprayed on step (2) the continuous plant fibre surface dried in, is then dried for standby;
(4) the continuous vegetable fibre fabric of attached nanofibers cellulose crystal and carbon nanotube that step (3) obtains is spread in order Layer, obtains plant fiber precast body, and carry out Vacuum Package;
(5) resin base is poured by the plant fiber precast body in step (4) by vacuum perfusion process, keeps resin base and plant fine Dimension is sufficiently impregnated;
(6) by obtained in step (5) it is vacuum-packed be put into curing oven impregnated of resin-based plant fiber precast body or Person solidifies under room temperature environment.
It is optimal, in step (3), the concentration of nano cellulose crystal and carbon nano tube suspension be 0.15wt%~ 2.5wt%, sprinkling number are 2~10 times.Pass through the concentration and sprinkling time of control nano cellulose crystal and carbon nano tube suspension Number guarantees that the mass fraction of nano cellulose crystal is 0.1%~0.5%, and the mass fraction of carbon nanotube is 0.1%~2%.
Specific solidification temperature and time in step (6) are determined by resin-based curing characteristics used.
Compared with existing plant fiber reinforced resin based composites, the invention has the characteristics that and advantage:
1) using nano cellulose crystal aqueous solution as Carbon nano-tube dispersant, there is green, free of contamination advantage;
2) nano cellulose crystal itself is a kind of very high reinforcing material of mechanical property, passes through this method, nano-cellulose Crystal can play humidification with carbon nanotube jointly;
3) nano cellulose crystal and plant fiber have good adhesion, and carbon nanotube is first to be attached in the invention patent Then nano cellulose crystal surface is attached to plant fibre surface by nano cellulose crystal again, adhesion is strong, enhancing effect Fruit is preferable.
To sum up, the present invention is the new method of the preparation high-performance composite material of plant fiber found during the experiment, is Preparation high-performance plant fiber enhancing composite material provides a kind of green, simple possible technological approaches, fine to plant is expanded The application field for tieing up composite material has positive effect.
Specific embodiment
For a better understanding of the present invention, below with reference to the case study on implementation content that the present invention is furture elucidated, but the present invention Content be not limited solely to the following examples.
Embodiment 1: the material component proportion (mass parts ratio) of the embodiment is as shown in table 1.
1 the present embodiment material component of table matches (mass ratio):
Plain weave ramie fabric Epoxy resin-matrix Curing agent Nano cellulose crystal Hydroxyl carbon nano tube
45 50 4 0.1 0.9
Preparation step is as follows:
(1) certain hydroxyl carbon nano tube is added in nano cellulose crystal aqueous solution, then carries out dispersion mixing, obtains The finely dispersed nano cellulose crystal and carbon nanotube mixing suspension for being 1% or so to carbon nanotube mass score.
(2) the plain weave ramie fabric that thickness is about 0.2mm is cut into the size that growth * wide is 10cm*5cm, cut out altogether 7 are cut, is taken out after then impregnating 2h in the sodium hydroxide solution that mass fraction is 4%, rinses the company after impregnating with deionized water Continuous ramie fabric to flushing liquor is neutrality, is then dried for standby the continuous ramie fabric after flushing.
(3) nano cellulose crystal and carbon nanotube mixing suspension that are uniformly mixed in step (1) are uniformly sprayed on The continuous ramie fabric surface dried in step (2), front and back sides even application three times, are then dried for standby.
(4) the attached nanofibers cellulose crystal obtained step (3) and the continuous ramie fabric of carbon nanotube sequence Laying obtains plant fiber precast body, and carries out Vacuum Package, vacuumizes repeatedly compacting 20 times or more.
(5) that the resin base for being mixed with curing agent poured into the ramee in step (4) by vacuum perfusion process is prefabricated Body is sufficiently impregnated resin base and ramee.
(6) curing oven is put into impregnated of resin-based plant fiber precast body by vacuum-packed obtained in step (5) Middle solidification 2 hours, 120 DEG C of solidification temperature.
After the completion of solidification solidification product is placed in cooling in room temperature environment under vacuum pressure effect, is cooled to room temperature progress Demoulding, is then cut into standard bending and impact test batten is spare.
Through detecting, the bending strength of above-mentioned composite material reaches 185MPa, and bending modulus reaches 8.6GPa, non-notch freely-supported Beam impact strength is 20KJ/m2
Embodiment 2: the material component proportion (mass parts ratio) of the embodiment is as shown in table 2.
2 the present embodiment material component of table matches (mass ratio):
Plain weave ramie fabric Vinylite base Curing agent Nano cellulose crystal Hydroxyl carbon nano tube
45 40 13 0.2 1.8
Preparation step is as follows:
(1) certain hydroxyl carbon nano tube is added in nano cellulose crystal aqueous solution, then carries out dispersion mixing, obtains The finely dispersed nano cellulose crystal and carbon nanotube mixing suspension for being 1% or so to carbon nanotube mass score.
(2) the plain weave ramie fabric that thickness is about 0.2mm is cut into the size that growth * wide is 10cm*5cm, cut out altogether 7 are cut, is taken out after then impregnating 2h in the sodium hydroxide solution that mass fraction is 4%, rinses the company after impregnating with deionized water Continuous ramie fabric to flushing liquor is neutrality, is then dried for standby the continuous ramie fabric after flushing.
(3) nano cellulose crystal and carbon nanotube mixing suspension that are uniformly mixed in step (1) are uniformly sprayed on The continuous ramie fabric surface dried in step (2), front and back sides even application six times, is then dried for standby.
(4) the attached nanofibers cellulose crystal obtained step (3) and the continuous ramie fabric of carbon nanotube sequence Laying obtains plant fiber precast body, and carries out Vacuum Package, vacuumizes repeatedly compacting 20 times or more.
(5) that the resin base for being mixed with curing agent poured into the ramee in step (4) by vacuum perfusion process is prefabricated Body is sufficiently impregnated resin base and ramee.
(6) by obtained in step (5) it is vacuum-packed impregnated of resin-based plant fiber precast body in room temperature environment Lower solidification 6 hours.
It is demoulded under room temperature environment, is then cut into standard bending and impact test batten is spare.
Through detecting, the bending strength of above-mentioned composite material reaches 176MPa, and bending modulus reaches 7.3GPa, non-notch freely-supported Beam impact strength is 18KJ/m2
Embodiment 3: the material component proportion (mass parts ratio) of the embodiment is as shown in table 3.
3 the present embodiment material component of table matches (mass ratio):
Unidirectional sisal hemp flaxen fiber Vinylite base Curing agent Nano cellulose crystal Hydroxyl carbon nano tube
45 50 4 0.1 0.9
The embodiment step is the same as embodiment 2
Through detecting, the bending strength of above-mentioned composite material reaches 296MPa, and bending modulus reaches 16.2GPa, non-notch simply supported beam Impact strength is 37.5KJ/m2
Embodiment 4: the material component proportion (mass parts ratio) of the embodiment is as shown in table 4.
4 the present embodiment material component of table matches (mass ratio):
Unidirectional sisal hemp flaxen fiber Epoxy resin-matrix Curing agent Nano cellulose crystal Hydroxyl carbon nano tube
45 40 13 02 1.8
The embodiment step is the same as embodiment 1.
Through detecting, the bending strength of above-mentioned composite material reaches 325MPa, and bending modulus reaches 17.3GPa, non-notch letter Strutbeam impact strength is 42.5KJ/m2
Base need not be added behind all resins, itself is a complete nouns for resin, but it may be said that resin base is multiple Condensation material says that merely " resin base " is invalid.
The modified experiment of hydroxylating has only been done in laboratory, and carboxylated is modified in theory can also be with.But hydrophilic official is not carried out Modified carbon nanotube can be rolled into a ball not necessarily to go, so just writing the carbon nanotube that hydroxylating or carboxylated are modified here.

Claims (6)

1. plant fiber reinforced resin based composites, it is characterised in that the composite material is made of reinforcement and resin base, In: reinforcement includes nano cellulose crystal, carbon nanotube, continuous plant fiber composition, the nano cellulose crystal and carbon Nanotube is attached to the surface of continuous plant fiber.
2. plant fiber reinforced resin based composites as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that remember by weight, this is compound Material is by 40~55 parts of continuous plant fiber, 0.1~0.5 part of nano cellulose crystal, 0.1~2 part of carbon nanotube, resin 30 ~45 parts and 1.0~30 parts of curing agent compositions.
3. plant fiber reinforced resin based composites as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that continuous plant fiber packet Include but be not limited to ramie, sisal hemp, flax, mestha, jute, any one in bamboo fibre or several combinations.
4. plant fiber reinforced resin based composites as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that resin base uses thermosetting Property resin base or thermoplastic resin-based, the thermosetting resin base include but is not limited to epoxy resin-matrix, in vinylite base Any one;Any one in thermoplastic resin-based including but not limited to thermoplastic polyester, polyurethane.
5. the preparation method of plant fiber reinforced resin based composites, it is characterised in that: (1) carbon nanotube is added to nanometer In cellulose crystals aqueous solution, dispersion mixing is then carried out, obtains the finely dispersed nano cellulose crystal of carbon nanotube and carbon Nanotube mixing suspension;(2) continuous vegetable fibre fabric is cut into hydrogen that is suitably sized, being then 4% in mass fraction It is taken out after impregnating 2h in sodium hydroxide solution, is neutrality with continuous plant fiber to the flushing liquor that deionized water is rinsed after impregnating, so The continuous vegetable fibre fabric after flushing is dried for standby afterwards;(3) by step (1) be uniformly mixed nano cellulose crystal and Carbon nanotube mixing suspension is uniformly sprayed on the continuous plant fibre surface dried in step (2), is then dried for standby;(4) The continuous vegetable fibre fabric of attached nanofibers cellulose crystal and carbon nanotube that step (3) is obtained laying in order, obtains Plant fiber precast body, and carry out Vacuum Package;(5) resin base is poured into the plant in step (4) by vacuum perfusion process Fiber preform is sufficiently impregnated resin base and plant fiber;It (6) will be vacuum-packed impregnated of tree obtained in step (5) The plant fiber precast body of aliphatic radical is put into curing oven or solidifies under room temperature environment.
6. the preparation method of plant fiber reinforced resin based composites as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that step (3) In, the concentration of nano cellulose crystal and carbon nano tube suspension is 0.15wt%~2.5wt%, and sprinkling number is 2~10 times.
CN201910122636.6A 2019-02-18 2019-02-18 Plant fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material and preparation method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN109867916B (en)

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Cited By (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110938304A (en) * 2019-12-17 2020-03-31 湖南工程学院 Hybrid fiber composite material and preparation method thereof
CN111154138A (en) * 2020-01-19 2020-05-15 陕西科技大学 Carbon black/cellulose composite photo-thermal material for seawater desalination and preparation method thereof
CN112980026A (en) * 2021-03-09 2021-06-18 山东非金属材料研究所 Preparation method of carbon nanotube modified fiber reinforced thermosetting resin-based prepreg
CN113248867A (en) * 2021-04-22 2021-08-13 北京汽车研究总院有限公司 Epoxy resin-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof
CN114603953A (en) * 2022-02-11 2022-06-10 安徽农业大学 Bamboo fiber woven filling material and preparation method thereof
CN114606772A (en) * 2022-04-13 2022-06-10 国际竹藤中心 Preparation method of interface-enhanced continuous plant fiber unit
CN117511135A (en) * 2023-11-29 2024-02-06 佛山市杰品智能科技集团有限公司 Plant fiber-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof

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CN104088136A (en) * 2014-07-03 2014-10-08 河海大学 Preparation method of carbon nano-tube grafted glass fiber fabric reinforcement

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110938304A (en) * 2019-12-17 2020-03-31 湖南工程学院 Hybrid fiber composite material and preparation method thereof
CN111154138A (en) * 2020-01-19 2020-05-15 陕西科技大学 Carbon black/cellulose composite photo-thermal material for seawater desalination and preparation method thereof
CN112980026A (en) * 2021-03-09 2021-06-18 山东非金属材料研究所 Preparation method of carbon nanotube modified fiber reinforced thermosetting resin-based prepreg
CN113248867A (en) * 2021-04-22 2021-08-13 北京汽车研究总院有限公司 Epoxy resin-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof
CN113248867B (en) * 2021-04-22 2022-07-26 北京汽车研究总院有限公司 Epoxy resin-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof
CN114603953A (en) * 2022-02-11 2022-06-10 安徽农业大学 Bamboo fiber woven filling material and preparation method thereof
CN114606772A (en) * 2022-04-13 2022-06-10 国际竹藤中心 Preparation method of interface-enhanced continuous plant fiber unit
CN114606772B (en) * 2022-04-13 2024-01-26 国际竹藤中心 Preparation method of interface-enhanced continuous plant fiber unit
CN117511135A (en) * 2023-11-29 2024-02-06 佛山市杰品智能科技集团有限公司 Plant fiber-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof

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