CN109865949B - Aluminum alloy surface hydrophobic treatment process - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrophobic treatment process for an aluminum alloy surface, which comprises the following steps: (1) soaking in ethanol solution; (2) soaking in sodium hydroxide solution; (3) heating and preserving heat; (4) obtaining a pre-modified aluminum alloy plate; (5) performing nanosecond laser level processing on the obtained pre-modified aluminum alloy plate; through the synergistic effect of the treatment of the steps, a well-defined hydrophobic micro-nano structure can be constructed on the surface of the treated aluminum alloy, the contact angle of the surface of the aluminum alloy treated by the method is greatly improved, the hydrophobic property of the surface of the aluminum alloy is obviously enhanced, and the corrosion resistance of the surface of the aluminum alloy treated by the method is improved to a certain extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy, and particularly relates to a hydrophobic treatment process for an aluminum alloy surface.
Background
Aluminum alloys are the most widely used class of non-ferrous metal wrought materials in industry and are used in a large number of applications in the aerospace, automotive, mechanical manufacturing, and chemical industries.
With the rapid development of scientific technology and industrial economy, the demand on the performance of aluminum alloy materials is increasing day by day, and the existing aluminum alloy has general surface hydrophobic performance and cannot meet the market demand.
The surface treatment technology is to change the form, chemical composition and structure of the metal surface by various methods or ways and improve the surface performance of the metal material so as to meet the market demand, however, when the existing surface treatment technology is used for treating the surface of the aluminum alloy, although the hydrophobic property of the surface of the aluminum alloy can be improved to a certain degree, the improvement effect is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydrophobic treatment process for the surface of an aluminum alloy aiming at the existing problems.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a hydrophobic treatment process for the surface of an aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the aluminum alloy plate into an ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 60-65% to be soaked for 30-40min, then filtering, washing and drying to constant weight;
(2) putting the treated aluminum alloy plate into clear water, heating to 80 ℃, preserving heat, adding sodium hydroxide into the clear water, adjusting the pH to 11.2-11.5, preserving heat, stirring for 35min, then filtering, washing and drying to constant weight;
(3) heating the treated aluminum alloy plate to 305-315 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, preserving heat for 40min, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
(4) putting the treated aluminum alloy plate into an ethanol solution, sequentially adding hydroxyacetophenone and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde into the ethanol solution, uniformly stirring, then dropwise adding concentrated hydrochloric acid, reacting for 6-8 hours at the temperature of 90-92 ℃ in a water bath under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing, and drying to constant weight to obtain a pre-modified aluminum alloy plate;
(5) subjecting the obtained pre-modified aluminum alloy plate to nanosecond laser level treatment, respectively treating the pre-modified aluminum alloy plate by combining first-stage laser treatment and second-stage laser treatment, wherein the first-stage laser treatment is to uniformly treat the surface of the pre-modified aluminum alloy plate in a nitrogen atmosphere by using laser with high pulse width and high energy density generated by a laser source, then immersing the treated aluminum alloy plate in an ethanol solution at 0 ℃ for 10-15min, then taking out the aluminum alloy plate, drying the aluminum alloy plate, and then performing second-stage laser treatment, wherein the second-stage laser treatment is to uniformly treat the surface of the pre-modified aluminum alloy plate in an air atmosphere by using laser with low pulse width and low energy density generated by the laser source, then immersing the treated aluminum alloy plate in the ethanol solution at 0 ℃ for 10-15min, then taking out and drying the aluminum alloy plate.
Further, the mass fraction of the ethanol solution in the step (4) is 32%.
Further, the mixing ratio of the ethanol solution and the aluminum alloy plate in the step (4) is 500 ml: 80 g.
Further, the adding amount of the hydroxyacetophenone in the step (4) is 3.2% of the mass of the aluminum alloy plate, and the adding amount of the p-hydroxybenzaldehyde is 4.1% of the mass of the aluminum alloy plate.
Furthermore, in the step (4), the mass fraction of the concentrated hydrochloric acid is 75.8%, and the addition amount of the concentrated hydrochloric acid is 5.5% of the mass of the aluminum alloy.
Further, the laser light source in the step (5) is an SPI nanosecond fiber laser, the power is 74W, the laser wavelength is 1064nm, and the frequency is 250 kHz.
Further, in step (5), the high-pulsewidth, high-energy-density laser pulsewidth is 172- > 175ns, and the energy density is 28J/cm.
Further, the low pulse width, low energy density laser of step (5) has a pulse width of 20-24ns and an energy density of 8J/cm.
Has the advantages that: through the synergistic effect of the treatment of the steps, a hydrophobic micro-nano structure with clear layers can be constructed on the surface of the treated aluminum alloy, the contact angle of the surface of the aluminum alloy treated by the method is greatly improved, the hydrophobic property of the surface of the aluminum alloy is obviously enhanced, the corrosion resistance of the surface of the aluminum alloy treated by the method is improved to a certain extent, the surface of the aluminum alloy forms a specific micro-nano structure after the treatment of the steps, the layered structures with certain regular arrangement are main factors for converting the hydrophilic property to the hydrophobic property of the surface of the aluminum alloy, and after the two-stage laser processing under different atmospheres, the microstructure particles on the surface of the aluminum alloy are finer, because the energy gathered to a layer of material with a very thin surface of the aluminum alloy is richer in the layer sense under the condition of the two-stage laser processing under different atmospheres respectively, the material is more uniform and stable in the processes of heating, melting and evaporating, and is finally cooled and condensed into a hierarchical microstructure with a fine surface, the surface of the aluminum alloy treated by the method is uniformly distributed with a plurality of micro mastoids, the average size of the mastoids is about 5-6 microns, the average height is 7-8 microns, the average distance is about 15-17 microns, and the micro mastoids form a multi-micron-scale ultramicro structure, so that an extremely thin air layer only with the thickness of nanometer is formed on the surface tightly attached to the aluminum alloy, the minimum diameter of water drops is about 2 millimeters, which is much larger than the mastoids on the surface of the aluminum alloy, therefore, when the water drops on the surface of the aluminum alloy, the water drops can only form a plurality of point contacts with the tops of the mastoids on the surface of the aluminum alloy through a layer of extremely thin air, and cannot infiltrate on the surface of lotus leaves, the water drops form a spheroid under the action of the surface tension of the water drops, and the water balls adsorb dust in rolling and roll out of the surface of the aluminum alloy, so that the effect of cleaning the surface of the aluminum alloy can be achieved, and the effect of dewatering the surface of the aluminum alloy can be achieved.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A hydrophobic treatment process for the surface of an aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the aluminum alloy plate into an ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 60% to be soaked for 30min, then filtering, washing and drying to constant weight;
(2) putting the treated aluminum alloy plate into clear water, heating to 80 ℃, preserving heat, adding sodium hydroxide into the clear water, adjusting the pH value to 11.2, preserving heat, stirring for 35min, then filtering, washing and drying to constant weight;
(3) heating the treated aluminum alloy plate to 305 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, preserving heat for 40min, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
(4) putting the treated aluminum alloy plate into an ethanol solution, sequentially adding hydroxyacetophenone and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde into the ethanol solution, uniformly stirring, then dropwise adding concentrated hydrochloric acid, keeping the temperature of the solution in a water bath at 90 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, reacting for 6 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing, and drying to constant weight to obtain a pre-modified aluminum alloy plate;
(5) performing nanosecond laser level processing on the obtained pre-modified aluminum alloy plate, respectively processing the pre-modified aluminum alloy plate by combining first-stage laser processing and second-stage laser processing, wherein the first-stage laser processing is to uniformly process the surface of the pre-modified aluminum alloy plate in a nitrogen atmosphere by using laser with high pulse width and high energy density generated by a laser source, then soaking the processed aluminum alloy plate in an ethanol solution at 0 ℃ for 10min, then taking out, drying, and then performing second-stage laser processing, the second-stage laser processing is to uniformly process the surface of the pre-modified aluminum alloy plate in an air atmosphere by using laser with low pulse width and low energy density generated by the laser source, then soaking the processed aluminum alloy plate in the ethanol solution at 0 ℃ for 10min, then taking out and drying.
Further, the mass fraction of the ethanol solution in the step (4) is 32%.
Further, the mixing ratio of the ethanol solution and the aluminum alloy plate in the step (4) is 500 ml: 80 g.
Further, the adding amount of the hydroxyacetophenone in the step (4) is 3.2% of the mass of the aluminum alloy plate, and the adding amount of the p-hydroxybenzaldehyde is 4.1% of the mass of the aluminum alloy plate.
Furthermore, in the step (4), the mass fraction of the concentrated hydrochloric acid is 75.8%, and the addition amount of the concentrated hydrochloric acid is 5.5% of the mass of the aluminum alloy.
Further, the laser light source in the step (5) is an SPI nanosecond fiber laser, the power is 74W, the laser wavelength is 1064nm, and the frequency is 250 kHz.
Further, the high pulse width, high energy density laser pulse width of step (5) is 172ns, with an energy density of 28J/cm.
Further, the low pulse width, low energy density laser of step (5) has a pulse width of 20ns and an energy density of 8J/cm.
Example 2
A hydrophobic treatment process for the surface of an aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the aluminum alloy plate into an ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 65% to soak for 30-40min, then filtering, washing and drying to constant weight;
(2) putting the treated aluminum alloy plate into clear water, heating to 80 ℃, preserving heat, adding sodium hydroxide into the clear water, adjusting the pH value to 11.5, preserving heat, stirring for 35min, then filtering, washing and drying to constant weight;
(3) heating the treated aluminum alloy plate to 315 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, preserving heat for 40min, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
(4) putting the treated aluminum alloy plate into an ethanol solution, sequentially adding hydroxyacetophenone and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde into the ethanol solution, uniformly stirring, then dropwise adding concentrated hydrochloric acid, keeping the temperature of the solution in a water bath at 92 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, reacting for 8 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing, and drying to constant weight to obtain a pre-modified aluminum alloy plate;
(5) performing nanosecond laser level processing on the obtained pre-modified aluminum alloy plate, respectively processing the pre-modified aluminum alloy plate by combining first-stage laser processing and second-stage laser processing, wherein the first-stage laser processing is to uniformly process the surface of the pre-modified aluminum alloy plate in a nitrogen atmosphere by using laser with high pulse width and high energy density generated by a laser source, then soaking the processed aluminum alloy plate in an ethanol solution at 0 ℃ for 15min, then taking out, drying, and then performing second-stage laser processing, the second-stage laser processing is to uniformly process the surface of the pre-modified aluminum alloy plate in an air atmosphere by using laser with low pulse width and low energy density generated by the laser source, then soaking the processed aluminum alloy plate in the ethanol solution at 0 ℃ for 15min, then taking out and drying.
Further, the mass fraction of the ethanol solution in the step (4) is 32%.
Further, the mixing ratio of the ethanol solution and the aluminum alloy plate in the step (4) is 500 ml: 80 g.
Further, the adding amount of the hydroxyacetophenone in the step (4) is 3.2% of the mass of the aluminum alloy plate, and the adding amount of the p-hydroxybenzaldehyde is 4.1% of the mass of the aluminum alloy plate.
Furthermore, in the step (4), the mass fraction of the concentrated hydrochloric acid is 75.8%, and the addition amount of the concentrated hydrochloric acid is 5.5% of the mass of the aluminum alloy.
Further, the laser light source in the step (5) is an SPI nanosecond fiber laser, the power is 74W, the laser wavelength is 1064nm, and the frequency is 250 kHz.
Further, the high pulse width, high energy density laser pulse width of step (5) is 175ns with an energy density of 28J/cm.
Further, the low pulse width, low energy density laser of step (5) has a pulse width of 24ns and an energy density of 8J/cm.
Example 3
A hydrophobic treatment process for the surface of an aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking the aluminum alloy plate in an ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 62% for 35min, then filtering, washing and drying to constant weight;
(2) putting the treated aluminum alloy plate into clear water, heating to 80 ℃, preserving heat, adding sodium hydroxide into the clear water, adjusting the pH value to 11.3, preserving heat, stirring for 35min, then filtering, washing and drying to constant weight;
(3) heating the treated aluminum alloy plate to 308 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, preserving heat for 40min, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
(4) putting the treated aluminum alloy plate into an ethanol solution, sequentially adding hydroxyacetophenone and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde into the ethanol solution, uniformly stirring, then dropwise adding concentrated hydrochloric acid, carrying out water bath at 91 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere for preserving the temperature, reacting for 7 hours, then naturally cooling to room temperature, washing, and drying to constant weight to obtain a pre-modified aluminum alloy plate;
(5) performing nanosecond laser level processing on the obtained pre-modified aluminum alloy plate, respectively processing the pre-modified aluminum alloy plate by combining first-stage laser processing and second-stage laser processing, wherein the first-stage laser processing is to uniformly process the surface of the pre-modified aluminum alloy plate in a nitrogen atmosphere by using laser with high pulse width and high energy density generated by a laser source, then soaking the processed aluminum alloy plate in an ethanol solution at 0 ℃ for 12min, then taking out, drying, and then performing second-stage laser processing, the second-stage laser processing is to uniformly process the surface of the pre-modified aluminum alloy plate in an air atmosphere by using laser with low pulse width and low energy density generated by the laser source, then soaking the processed aluminum alloy plate in the ethanol solution at 0 ℃ for 12min, then taking out and drying.
Further, the mass fraction of the ethanol solution in the step (4) is 32%.
Further, the mixing ratio of the ethanol solution and the aluminum alloy plate in the step (4) is 500 ml: 80 g.
Further, the adding amount of the hydroxyacetophenone in the step (4) is 3.2% of the mass of the aluminum alloy plate, and the adding amount of the p-hydroxybenzaldehyde is 4.1% of the mass of the aluminum alloy plate.
Furthermore, in the step (4), the mass fraction of the concentrated hydrochloric acid is 75.8%, and the addition amount of the concentrated hydrochloric acid is 5.5% of the mass of the aluminum alloy.
Further, the laser light source in the step (5) is an SPI nanosecond fiber laser, the power is 74W, the laser wavelength is 1064nm, and the frequency is 250 kHz.
Further, the high pulse width, high energy density laser pulse width of step (5) is 173ns with an energy density of 28J/cm.
Further, the low pulse width, low energy density laser of step (5) has a pulse width of 22ns and an energy density of 8J/cm.
Comparative example 1: the only difference from example 1 is that the treatment of step (3) is not conducted.
Comparative example 2: the only difference from example 1 is that the treatment of step (4) is not conducted.
Comparative example 3: the only difference from example 1 is that the treatment of step (5) is not conducted.
Comparative example 4: the difference from example 1 is only that no two-stage laser treatment was performed in step (5).
Comparative example 5: the only difference from example 1 is that both ends of the laser treatment in step (5) were treated under a nitrogen atmosphere.
Comparative example 6: the only difference from example 1 is that both laser treatments in step (5) were treated in an air atmosphere.
Comparative example 7: the difference from the embodiment 1 is that in the step (5), two laser treatments are processed by one laser parameter.
Comparative example 8: the difference from the embodiment 1 is that the two-stage laser parameter treatment is adopted in the two-stage laser treatment in the step (5).
Aluminum alloy sheets (2024 aluminum alloy) of the same specification were treated by the methods of examples and comparative examples, respectively, using JY-PHb surface contact angle measuring apparatus manufactured by Chengdu and Instrument manufacturing Co., Ltd as a test measuring apparatus, and the main parameters thereof were: the contact angle range is 0-180 degrees, the precision is 0.1 degrees, the static dropping method is adopted in the test, the size of water drops is 5 mu l, 5 points are selected on the surfaces of the aluminum alloy plates of the embodiment and the comparative example respectively for measurement, and the average value is taken for comparison;
TABLE 1
| Item | Contact Angle/° |
| Example 1 | 152.6 |
| Example 2 | 150.1 |
| Example 3 | 151.5 |
| Comparative example 1 | 143.6 |
| Comparative example 2 | 123.2 |
| Comparative example 3 | 113.9 |
| Comparative example 4 | 140.7 |
| Comparative example 5 | 139.5 |
| Comparative example 6 | 131.8 |
| Comparative example 7 | 143.3 |
| Comparative example 8 | 140.9 |
| Control group | 65.8 |
The control group was an untreated aluminum alloy sheet;
as can be seen from Table 1, the contact angle of the surface of the aluminum alloy treated by the method is greatly improved, the hydrophobic property of the surface of the aluminum alloy is obviously enhanced, a well-graded hydrophobic microstructure can be constructed on the surface of the treated aluminum alloy through the synergistic effect of the treatment of the steps of the method, a plurality of micro mastoids are uniformly distributed on the surface of the aluminum alloy treated by the method, the average size of the mastoids is about 5-6 microns, the average height is 7-8 microns, the average spacing is about 15-17 microns, the micro mastoids form a multi-micron-level ultramicro structure, so that an extremely thin air layer with the thickness of only nanometer level is formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy, the minimum diameter of a water drop is about 2 millimeters, which is much larger than that of the mastoids on the surface of the aluminum alloy, and a layer of extremely thin air is separated after the water drop falls on the surface of the aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy surface cleaning agent can only form a plurality of point contacts with the mastoid top on the aluminum alloy surface, so that the surface of lotus leaves cannot be soaked, water drops form a spheroid under the action of the surface tension of the water drops, and the water balls adsorb dust in rolling and roll out of the aluminum alloy surface, so that the aluminum alloy surface cleaning agent not only can clean the aluminum alloy surface, but also can achieve the effect of dewatering the aluminum alloy surface.
Intergranular corrosion test
The intercrystalline corrosion is carried out according to the GB/T7998-2005 standard, samples of the same specifications of the embodiment and the comparative example are hung in a corrosive liquid (40 g/L sodium chloride +6mol/L hydrogen peroxide and distilled water are added to 1L) and are completely immersed, the mutual contact between the samples and a container is prevented, the ratio of the surface area of the samples to the volume of the solution is less than 20 mm/ml, the corrosion is carried out at the constant temperature of 35 ℃, the corrosion time is 8h, then the samples are taken out, 5mm is removed from one end in the direction perpendicular to the main deformation direction, and the corrosion depth of the cut sections is observed under a metallographic microscope;
TABLE 2
| Item | Maximum depth of etch/μm |
| Example 1 | 98 |
| Example 2 | 95 |
| Example 3 | 97 |
| Comparative example 1 | 114 |
| Comparative example 2 | 127 |
| Comparative example 3 | 133 |
| Control group | 141 |
The control group was untreated aluminum alloy;
it can be seen from table 2 that the corrosion resistance of the surface of the aluminum alloy treated by the method is improved to a certain extent.
Claims (8)
1. The aluminum alloy surface hydrophobic treatment process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) placing the aluminum alloy plate into an ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 60-65% to be soaked for 30-40min, then filtering, washing and drying to constant weight;
(2) putting the treated aluminum alloy plate into clear water, heating to 80 ℃, preserving heat, adding sodium hydroxide into the clear water, adjusting the pH to 11.2-11.5, preserving heat, stirring for 35min, then filtering, washing and drying to constant weight;
(3) heating the treated aluminum alloy plate to 305-315 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, preserving heat for 40min, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
(4) putting the treated aluminum alloy plate into an ethanol solution, sequentially adding hydroxyacetophenone and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde into the ethanol solution, uniformly stirring, then dropwise adding concentrated hydrochloric acid, reacting for 6-8 hours at the temperature of 90-92 ℃ in a water bath under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing, and drying to constant weight to obtain a pre-modified aluminum alloy plate;
(5) subjecting the obtained pre-modified aluminum alloy plate to nanosecond laser level treatment, respectively treating the pre-modified aluminum alloy plate by combining first-stage laser treatment and second-stage laser treatment, wherein the first-stage laser treatment is to uniformly treat the surface of the pre-modified aluminum alloy plate in a nitrogen atmosphere by using laser with high pulse width and high energy density generated by a laser source, then immersing the treated aluminum alloy plate in an ethanol solution at 0 ℃ for 10-15min, then taking out the aluminum alloy plate, drying the aluminum alloy plate, and then performing second-stage laser treatment, wherein the second-stage laser treatment is to uniformly treat the surface of the pre-modified aluminum alloy plate in an air atmosphere by using laser with low pulse width and low energy density generated by the laser source, then immersing the treated aluminum alloy plate in the ethanol solution at 0 ℃ for 10-15min, then taking out and drying the aluminum alloy plate.
2. The aluminum alloy surface hydrophobic treatment process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ethanol solution in the step (4) has a mass fraction of 32%.
3. The aluminum alloy surface hydrophobic treatment process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixing ratio of the ethanol solution and the aluminum alloy plate in the step (4) is 500 ml: 80 g.
4. The aluminum alloy surface hydrophobic treatment process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydroxyacetophenone addition amount in the step (4) is 3.2% of the mass of the aluminum alloy plate, and the p-hydroxybenzaldehyde addition amount is 4.1% of the mass of the aluminum alloy plate.
5. The aluminum alloy surface hydrophobic treatment process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the concentrated hydrochloric acid in the step (4) is 75.8%, and the addition amount of the concentrated hydrochloric acid is 5.5% of the mass of the aluminum alloy.
6. The aluminum alloy surface hydrophobic treatment process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the laser source in step (5) is an SPI nanosecond fiber laser with power of 74W, laser wavelength of 1064nm and frequency of 250 kHz.
7. The aluminum alloy surface hydrophobic treatment process as recited in claim 1, wherein the high pulsewidth, high energy density laser pulsewidth of step (5) is 172- > 175ns, and the energy density is 28J/cm.
8. The aluminum alloy surface hydrophobic treatment process according to claim 1, wherein the low pulse width, low energy density laser pulse width of step (5) is 20-24ns, energy density is 8J/cm.
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Denomination of invention: A Hydrophobic Treatment Process for Aluminum Alloy Surface Effective date of registration: 20230926 Granted publication date: 20211116 Pledgee: Chongqing Jiangjin District Sub branch of Postal Savings Bank of China Co.,Ltd. Pledgor: Chongqing Xinxi aluminum (Group) Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023500000075 |