CN109865388B - Temperature control purification method for smelting flue gas for acid making - Google Patents
Temperature control purification method for smelting flue gas for acid making Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a temperature-controlled purification method of smelting flue gas for acid making, which stabilizes the temperature of non-ferrous smelting flue gas at 180-230 ℃, and at the temperature, sulfur trioxide and water vapor can not be condensed; the flow velocity of the flue gas in the flue gas temperature adjusting device is 1m/min-2.5m/min, the arsenic trioxide is desublimated and attached to the smoke dust particles, which is beneficial to being removed together with the smoke dust and is recovered in a solid mode, and no acid arsenic-containing waste water is generated; then, concentrated sulfuric acid is used for absorbing sulfur trioxide and moisture in the smelting flue gas to form sulfuric acid, so that the sulfur trioxide is recovered. The process is simple, the process is controllable and stable, the arsenic trioxide is deeply desublimated and attached to the smoke dust particles, the arsenic trioxide and the water vapor are favorably recovered in a solid state along with the smoke dust, the sulfur trioxide and the water vapor in the smoke gas are not condensed, and the sulfur trioxide and the water vapor can be absorbed by concentrated sulfuric acid to form a sulfuric acid product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of smelting flue gas purification, and particularly relates to a temperature-controlled purification method of smelting flue gas for acid making.
Background
Non-ferrous smelting flue gas generated by non-ferrous metal smelting, such as copper smelting flue gas, nickel smelting flue gas, lead-zinc smelting flue gas and the like, has large flue gas amount and large temperature fluctuation (120-400 ℃), contains dust (the main components are silicon dioxide, lead oxide, calcium oxide, copper oxide, ferric oxide and the like), sulfur dioxide, arsenic trioxide, sulfur trioxide, water vapor and the like, and seriously pollutes the environment if the non-ferrous smelting flue gas is directly discharged into the atmosphere. The treatment of non-ferrous smelting flue gas is carried out by recovering sulfur dioxide for preparing sulfuric acid under most conditions, and recovering dust and arsenic trioxide.
The non-ferrous smelting flue gas is used for preparing sulfuric acid, dust, arsenic trioxide and sulfur trioxide in the flue gas are required to be removed, and the process is called flue gas purification. The purification of flue gas is divided into wet and dry processes. The wet purification process comprises the steps of electrostatic dust collection, washing, temperature reduction and dust removal, electrostatic acid mist removal, 92% sulfuric acid drying and water removal and the like. The wet purification process is not greatly influenced by temperature fluctuation, but has the defects of long process, large equipment investment, generation of a large amount of arsenic-containing acidic wastewater and secondary investment for treating the arsenic-containing acidic wastewater.
Preferably, the dry purification is adopted, and the Chengdu Yi science and technology limited company publishes a 'smelting flue gas purification process' (CN 107952342A), which comprises the following steps: a. removing sulfur trioxide, so that the sulfur trioxide in the smelting flue gas is absorbed by a powder absorbent mainly formed by one or more of magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide and calcium oxide; b. dedusting, namely keeping the gas to be treated at a temperature higher than the desublimation temperature of arsenic trioxide, and dedusting at high temperature; c. collecting arsenic, cooling the arsenic to be treated to below the desublimation temperature of arsenic trioxide, and recovering the arsenic trioxide; d. and introducing the third gas to be treated into the sulfur dioxide acid making unit, thereby obtaining a sulfuric acid product through the sulfur dioxide acid making unit. The purification process has the defects that sulfur trioxide is converted into waste solid materials such as magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate and the like, arsenic trioxide is desublimated at the temperature of more than 250 ℃, the desublimating depth is insufficient, crystal grains grow to be small, and the filtering removal is insufficient. When the temperature of the inlet flue gas is lower than 170 ℃, the sulfur trioxide and the water vapor in the flue gas can be condensed, a dust remover can be blocked, the dust removal efficiency is reduced, and even the production stop is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art and provides a temperature-controlled purification method for smelting flue gas for acid production, which has the advantages of simple process, controllable and stable process, high dust removal efficiency and good purification effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a temperature control purification method for smelting flue gas used for acid making comprises the following steps:
A. regulating and controlling the temperature of the flue gas: leading the non-ferrous smelting flue gas into a flue gas temperature adjusting device, adjusting the temperature of the flue gas to 180-230 ℃, wherein at the temperature, the sulfur trioxide and the water vapor can not be condensed, the flow speed of the flue gas in the flue gas temperature adjusting device is 1-2.5 m/min, and the arsenic trioxide is desublimated and attached to the smoke dust particles;
B. removing dust and arsenic: introducing the smelting flue gas of 180-230 ℃ in the step A into a dust remover through a heat preservation flue, keeping the temperature of the dust remover at 180-230 ℃, carrying out solid-gas separation treatment on dust and desublimated arsenic trioxide in the smelting flue gas, and keeping the dust and the desublimated arsenic trioxide in the dust remover, wherein the dust content of the smelting flue gas after dust removal and arsenic removal is less than 5mg/Nm3The arsenic-containing dust remained in the dust remover is periodically discharged for further recovery treatment;
C. absorption of sulfur trioxide and water: and introducing the smelting flue gas after dust removal and arsenic removal into an absorption tower, enabling the smelting flue gas to be in countercurrent contact with concentrated sulfuric acid, and enabling the concentrated sulfuric acid to absorb sulfur trioxide and water in the smelting flue gas to form sulfuric acid, so that the sulfur trioxide is recovered.
Further, the flue gas temperature adjusting device comprises a heat exchanger, a variable frequency blower, an electric furnace heater and an interlocking control system, wherein the heat exchanger, the variable frequency blower and the electric furnace heater are sequentially connected in series, and the interlocking control system is respectively connected with the heat exchanger, the variable frequency blower and the electric furnace heater.
Further, the dust remover in the step B is a bag-type dust remover.
Further, the mass concentration of the sulfuric acid in the step C is 98%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the temperature control purification method of the smelting flue gas for acid making stabilizes the temperature of non-ferrous smelting flue gas at 180-230 ℃, and at the temperature, the sulfur trioxide and the water vapor can not be condensed; the flow velocity of the flue gas in the flue gas temperature adjusting device is 1m/min-2.5m/min, the arsenic trioxide is desublimated and attached to the smoke dust particles, which is beneficial to being removed together with the smoke dust and is recovered in a solid mode, and no acid arsenic-containing waste water is generated; then, concentrated sulfuric acid is used for absorbing sulfur trioxide and moisture in the smelting flue gas to form sulfuric acid, so that the sulfur trioxide is recovered. The process is simple, the process is controllable and stable, the arsenic trioxide is deeply desublimated and attached to the smoke dust particles, the arsenic trioxide and the water vapor are favorably recovered in a solid state along with the smoke dust, the sulfur trioxide and the water vapor in the smoke gas are not condensed, and the sulfur trioxide and the water vapor can be absorbed by concentrated sulfuric acid to form a sulfuric acid product.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
The amount of the smelting flue gas of a certain copper is 75000 Nm3The temperature of the smelting flue gas is 130-350 ℃, the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the smelting flue gas is 5-8%, and the impurity content of the flue gas before the purification of the smelting flue gas is shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 impurities content of flue gas before purification of smelting flue gas
According to the flue gas volume and the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, the area of the heat exchanger is set to be 100m according to the flue gas temperature reduced from 360 ℃ to 175 ℃ and the flue gas flow rate of 1.5m/min2Setting the power of the heater of the electric furnace to 1000KW and the air flow of the variable frequency blower to 10000Nm3H; according to 3000mg/Nm of inlet flue gas and smoke dust3And the smoke dust at the outlet is 1mg/Nm3The filter material area of the back-blowing type bag-type dust collector is 3600m2(ii) a According to 1% of sulfur trioxide in inlet flue gas, into1% of water in the flue gas at the mouth, 0.005% of sulfur trioxide in the flue gas at the outlet and 0.001% of water in the flue gas at the outlet, wherein a concentrated acid absorption tower is arranged as a packed tower, the diameter of the concentrated acid absorption tower is 4 meters, the packed tower is a ceramic ring, the height of the packed tower is 2.5 meters, 1 high-temperature concentrated sulfuric acid pump is arranged, and the flow of the high-temperature concentrated sulfuric acid pump is 300 m3/h。
The smelting flue gas is subjected to temperature control purification, and the method comprises the following steps:
A. regulating and controlling the temperature of the flue gas: the nonferrous smelting flue gas is introduced into a flue gas temperature regulating device, the flue gas temperature regulating device is used for regulating the temperature of the flue gas to 180-230 ℃, the flue gas temperature regulating device comprises a heat exchanger, a variable frequency blower, an electric furnace heater and a linkage control system, the heat exchanger, the variable frequency blower and the electric furnace heater are sequentially connected in series, and the linkage control system is respectively connected with the heat exchanger, the variable frequency blower and the electric furnace heater. The heat exchange mode of the heat exchanger is as follows: smelting flue gas passes through the heat exchanger tubes, external air passes through the heat exchanger tubes, when the temperature of the smelting flue gas is lower than 180 ℃, the interlocking control system controls the electric furnace heater to start, air blown by the variable-frequency blower is heated by the electric furnace heater and then blown into the heat exchanger tubes, and the temperature of the nonferrous smelting flue gas is raised to be higher than 180 ℃ through indirect heat exchange; when the temperature of the colored smelting flue gas is higher than 230 ℃, the interlocking control system controls the electric furnace heater to be turned off, air blown by the variable-frequency blower is not heated by the electric furnace heater, cold air is blown into the space between the tubes of the heat exchanger, and the temperature of the smelting flue gas is reduced to below 230 ℃ through indirect heat exchange. Under the temperature condition of 180-230 ℃, the sulfur trioxide and the water vapor can not be condensed, the flow speed of the flue gas in the flue gas temperature adjusting device is 1m/min, and the arsenic trioxide is desublimated and attached to the smoke particles.
B. Removing dust and arsenic: and D, introducing the smelting flue gas at the temperature of 180-230 ℃ in the step A into a bag-type dust remover through a heat-preservation flue, keeping the temperature of the bag-type dust remover at 180-230 ℃, keeping dust and desublimated arsenic trioxide in the smelting flue gas in the bag-type dust remover after solid-gas separation treatment, and periodically discharging arsenic-containing dust kept in the bag-type dust remover for further recovery treatment.
C. Absorption of sulfur trioxide and water: and introducing the smelting flue gas after dust removal and arsenic removal into an absorption tower, enabling the smelting flue gas to be in countercurrent contact with concentrated sulfuric acid with the mass concentration of 98%, and enabling the concentrated sulfuric acid to absorb sulfur trioxide and water in the smelting flue gas to form sulfuric acid, so that the sulfur trioxide is recovered.
The flue gas content of the purified smelting flue gas is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 flue gas content after purification of copper smelting flue gas
Example 2
The amount of the smelting flue gas of certain nickel is 200000 Nm3The temperature of the smelting flue gas is 135-380 ℃, the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the smelting flue gas is 8-10%, and the impurity content of the flue gas before the purification of the smelting flue gas is shown in the table 3.
TABLE 3 impurity content of flue gas before purification of nickel smelting flue gas
According to the flue gas volume and the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, the area of the heat exchanger is set to be 400m according to the flue gas temperature reduced from 390 ℃ to 175 ℃ and the flue gas flow rate of 1.5m/min2The power of the heater of the electric furnace is set to 3000KW, the air flow of the variable frequency blower is set to 40000Nm3H; according to 2500mg/Nm of inlet flue gas and smoke dust3And the smoke dust at the outlet is 1mg/Nm3Setting the filter material area of the back blowing type bag dust collector to 10000m2(ii) a According to the method, 0.3 percent of sulfur trioxide in inlet flue gas, 1 percent of water in inlet flue gas, 0.005 percent of sulfur trioxide in outlet flue gas and 0.001 percent of water in outlet flue gas are arranged, a concentrated acid absorption tower is arranged as a packed tower, the diameter of the concentrated acid absorption tower is 6 meters, the packing is a ceramic ring, the height of the packing is 2.5 meters, 1 high-temperature concentrated sulfuric acid pump is arranged, and the flow of the high-temperature concentrated sulfuric acid pump is 480m3/h。
The smelting flue gas is subjected to temperature control purification, and the method comprises the following steps:
A. regulating and controlling the temperature of the flue gas: the nonferrous smelting flue gas is introduced into a flue gas temperature regulating device, the flue gas temperature regulating device is used for regulating the temperature of the flue gas to 180-230 ℃, the flue gas temperature regulating device comprises a heat exchanger, a variable frequency blower, an electric furnace heater and a linkage control system, the heat exchanger, the variable frequency blower and the electric furnace heater are sequentially connected in series, and the linkage control system is respectively connected with the heat exchanger, the variable frequency blower and the electric furnace heater. The heat exchange mode of the heat exchanger is as follows: smelting flue gas passes through the heat exchanger tubes, external air passes through the heat exchanger tubes, when the temperature of the smelting flue gas is lower than 180 ℃, the interlocking control system controls the electric furnace heater to start, air blown by the variable-frequency blower is heated by the electric furnace heater and then blown into the heat exchanger tubes, and the temperature of the nonferrous smelting flue gas is raised to be higher than 180 ℃ through indirect heat exchange; when the temperature of the colored smelting flue gas is higher than 230 ℃, the interlocking control system controls the electric furnace heater to be turned off, air blown by the variable-frequency blower is not heated by the electric furnace heater, cold air is blown into the space between the tubes of the heat exchanger, and the temperature of the smelting flue gas is reduced to below 230 ℃ through indirect heat exchange. Under the temperature condition of 180-230 ℃, the sulfur trioxide and the water vapor can not be condensed, the flow speed of the flue gas in the flue gas temperature adjusting device is 2.5m/min, and the arsenic trioxide is desublimated and attached to the smoke particles.
B. Removing dust and arsenic: and D, introducing the smelting flue gas at the temperature of 180-230 ℃ in the step A into a bag-type dust remover through a heat-preservation flue, keeping the temperature of the bag-type dust remover at 180-230 ℃, keeping dust and desublimated arsenic trioxide in the smelting flue gas in the bag-type dust remover after solid-gas separation treatment, and periodically discharging arsenic-containing dust kept in the bag-type dust remover for further recovery treatment.
C. Absorption of sulfur trioxide and water: and introducing the smelting flue gas after dust removal and arsenic removal into an absorption tower, enabling the smelting flue gas to be in countercurrent contact with concentrated sulfuric acid with the mass concentration of 98%, and enabling the concentrated sulfuric acid to absorb sulfur trioxide and water in the smelting flue gas to form sulfuric acid, so that the sulfur trioxide is recovered.
The flue gas content after the purification of the smelting flue gas is shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 flue gas content after purification of nickel smelting flue gas
Claims (1)
1. A temperature control purification method for smelting flue gas used for acid making is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. regulating and controlling the temperature of the flue gas: leading nonferrous smelting flue gas into a flue gas temperature adjusting device, wherein the flue gas temperature adjusting device comprises a heat exchanger, a variable frequency blower, an electric furnace heater and an interlocking control system, the heat exchanger, the variable frequency blower and the electric furnace heater are sequentially connected in series, the interlocking control system is respectively connected with the heat exchanger, the variable frequency blower and the electric furnace heater, the temperature of the flue gas is adjusted to 180-230 ℃, at the temperature, sulfur trioxide and water vapor can not be condensed, the flow speed of the flue gas in the flue gas temperature adjusting device is 1-2.5 m/min, and arsenic trioxide is desublimated and attached to smoke dust particles;
B. removing dust and arsenic: introducing the smelting flue gas of 180-230 ℃ in the step A into a dust remover through a heat preservation flue, wherein the dust remover is a bag-type dust remover, the temperature of the dust remover is kept at 180-230 ℃, dust in the smelting flue gas and desublimated arsenic trioxide are subjected to solid-gas separation treatment and are retained in the dust remover, and the dust content of the smelting flue gas after dust removal and arsenic removal is less than 5mg/Nm3The arsenic-containing dust remained in the dust remover is periodically discharged for further recovery treatment;
C. absorption of sulfur trioxide and water: and introducing the smelting flue gas after dust removal and arsenic removal into an absorption tower, enabling the smelting flue gas to be in countercurrent contact with concentrated sulfuric acid with the mass concentration of 98%, and enabling the concentrated sulfuric acid to absorb sulfur trioxide and water in the smelting flue gas to form sulfuric acid, so that the sulfur trioxide is recovered.
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| CN105413352A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-03-23 | 韦建初 | Treatment method of high-temperature classified filtration on smelting dust |
| CN108002352A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-05-08 | 广西生富锑业科技股份有限公司 | A kind of method of troilite melting flue gas extracting sulfuric acid |
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| CN1177756C (en) * | 2000-12-01 | 2004-12-01 | 余振耀 | Process for preparing sulfuric acid |
| KR101429981B1 (en) * | 2006-11-03 | 2014-08-18 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | Exhaust gas treatment method |
| CN101078057A (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2007-11-28 | 山东恒邦冶炼股份有限公司 | Method for smelting arsenic-containing gold concentrate |
| CN202199230U (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2012-04-25 | 西北矿冶研究院 | High arsenic gold ore calcination flue gas treatment system |
| CN105233806B (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2017-12-22 | 昆明理工大学 | It is a kind of at the same purify hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen phosphide, arsenic hydride adsorbent preparation method |
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| CN208244444U (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-12-18 | 西安航天源动力工程有限公司 | A kind of smoke comprehensive controlling device |
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| CN105413352A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-03-23 | 韦建初 | Treatment method of high-temperature classified filtration on smelting dust |
| CN108002352A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-05-08 | 广西生富锑业科技股份有限公司 | A kind of method of troilite melting flue gas extracting sulfuric acid |
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