CN109863018A - 用于将物体附接至周围区域中的表面的夹层转接件 - Google Patents

用于将物体附接至周围区域中的表面的夹层转接件 Download PDF

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CN109863018A
CN109863018A CN201780054469.5A CN201780054469A CN109863018A CN 109863018 A CN109863018 A CN 109863018A CN 201780054469 A CN201780054469 A CN 201780054469A CN 109863018 A CN109863018 A CN 109863018A
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matrix
porous layer
interlayer
adhesive
adapter
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CN109863018B (zh
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F.布劳恩
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De Shani Wade Boren LLC
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De Shani Wade Boren LLC
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于将物体附接至周围区域(2)中的表面(8，15)的夹层转接件(1)。将夹层转接件(1)开发为使得夹层转接件的机械性质得以改进，并且同时确保夹层转接件可用于通过水分固化粘合剂(9)将物体附接至表面(8，15)。这是通过包括基体(3)和多孔层(4)的夹层转接件(1)来实现的。基体(3)具有下表面(5)并且被设计为使得可将物体固定至该基体。多孔层(4)位于基体(3)的下表面(5)上，并且具有背离基体的粘合面(10)，其用于接触粘合剂(9)，其中多孔层(4)允许空气或气体中的水分穿过多孔层从周围区域(2)输送至该粘合面。

Description

用于将物体附接至周围区域中的表面的夹层转接件
I.技术领域
本发明涉及一种夹层转接件(夹层接合器，Sandwichadapter)，其用于将诸如毛巾架、皂盒、架子、灯等室内装饰用品的物体附接至任意表面，特别是具有瓷砖、大理石瓷砖的表面或配有类似的墙面覆盖层的房间的表面，例如在例如浴室等的环境中。
II.背景技术
用于将物体以位置固定的方式附接至表面的组装元件例如由DE 20 2014 102388 U1而已知。所述组装元件具有基体(主体)，可用于附接物体的转接件能够固定至该基体。当使用位于基体和表面之间的粘合剂时，基体可固定至表面。粘合剂通常是粘合剂，其在添加水分时固化。
为了使这种粘合剂固化，必须向所述粘合剂供应水分。这例如通过在基体内存在的储水器来进行，在DE 10 2008 037 095 B3中所述。或者，在粘合剂的周围区域内存在的空气的空气水分也可用于使粘合剂固化。为此目的，基体可由开孔材料构成，例如如WO 03/036 106 A1中所示。因此可将足够的水分输送至粘合剂，使得后者固化并且以可将物体附接至基体的方式将该基体连接至表面。可能的由现有技术已知的实现所述任务的材料为例如烧结金属。
这种基体必须具有足够的对气体和水分的渗透性，以便将足够的水分从周围区域通过基体输送至承载(搁置)在基体上的粘合剂。同时，基体必须提供高水平的机械稳定性，以便将物体附接至其上。因此，在基体的设计中，必须找到在对于良好的气体和水分渗透性来说足够大的孔径和对于良好的机械稳定性来说不会过大的孔径(即足够高的材料密度)之间的折衷。
使用来自现有技术的已知的烧结金属，基体的所述折衷并不总是成功的。此外，由于必须针对每个基体的形状和尺寸制备特制的烧结金属模具，因此已知基体的制备伴随着高成本，并且烧结粉末本身相对昂贵。由于制备烧结模具的高成本，因而基体对各种形状和尺寸的灵活适应性同样伴随着高成本。
III.发明介绍
a)发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供用于将物体附接至表面的夹层转接件，其中机械性质得以改进并且同时确保所述夹层转接件可用于借助于通过水分固化的粘合剂将物体附接至表面。
b)具体实施方式
为了实现所述目的，提出了具有权利要求1的特征的夹层转接件。本发明的其他设计实施方案由从属权利要求给出。
根据本发明，提出了用于将物体附接至在周围区域中例如在浴室中的表面的夹层转接件，所述夹层转接件包括基体和多孔层。将基体设置成使得物体可间接或直接地固定至其上。此外，基体还具有下侧，多孔层承载在该下侧上。多孔层具有粘合面，该粘合面背离基体并且被设置成用于接触粘合剂。多孔层具有孔隙率，该孔隙率允许分别将气体结合或空气结合的水分从周围区域穿过所述多孔层输送至水分固化的粘合剂，所述水分固化的粘合剂承载在多孔层的粘合面上。多孔层以其外侧表面与周围区域接触。因此，将水分从周围区域输送至粘合面并因此输送至层内的粘合剂最初基本上沿着并且平行于多孔层的中心平面或弯曲的中心表面进行。
优选地，多孔层的孔隙率根据特定的粘合剂并且根据在各个情况下提供的粘合剂层的厚度来选择，使得粘合剂能够固化，即可在12小时内由粘性/液体状态变为固体状态，但更优选在8小时的工作日内。在本上下文中，有利的是，将孔径选择为使得所述孔径限制选择的粘合剂的渗透(Eindringen)。粘合剂过深地渗透到多孔层的孔中将过度地增大粘合剂的固化距离，并且因此增大粘合剂的固化时间。
分别地，两部分(两件式)或两层夹层转接件一方面通过其基体并且另一方面通过其多孔层来承担由现有技术已知的基体的基本固定功能，然而，还能够额外地考虑由待附接的物体和环境条件预先限定的边界条件(参数)。这是通过两种不同的功能来实现的，也就是说，通过提供用于附接物体的机械稳定性以及输送气体结合或空气结合的水分穿过可特定地适应于各自的用途的两种不同的材料来实现。
例如，一方面对于气体和水分的输送的多孔层的孔隙率以及另一方面基体的机械性质可以相互分离的方式优化。例如，可想到其中基体的强度以及多孔层的孔隙率同时得以增加的组合。在常规基体的情况下，这种组合是不可想象的，因为孔隙率的增加会同时导致强度降低，或者相应地强度增加会同时导致孔隙率的降低。
与由现有技术已知的基体相比，根据本发明的夹层转接件的另一个优点在于，根据本发明的夹层转接件可以更成本有效的方式制备，因为根据本发明的夹层转接件整体上不需要具有良好的机械性质并且能够输送气体和水分的特殊且因此昂贵的材料。基体可例如由在钣金层(金属板层，Blechlagen)中存在的成本有效的金属制成。
此外，使用钣金层来制备基体允许在其平面图(俯视图)中自由设计夹层转接件的形状，因为可由这种钣金层冲压出任意形状。因此，不存在由通常用于由烧结金属来制备常规的单件式基体的压力机的工具尺寸而造成的对夹层转接件的表面的限制。因此，基体、多孔层以及因此的粘合面的平面范围(面积范围，区域范围， Ausdehnung)可以简单的方式适应于相应的应用。此外，可以成本有效的方式制备多种不同的表面形状。
多孔层可由烧结金属制成，例如基于青铜、铝或铜的烧结金属。这确实需要使用成本密集的原材料，但是与现有技术相比仍可节省成本，因为与整个夹层转接件的厚度相比，多孔层的厚度相对较小。
同样可想到，多孔层由多孔塑料材料制备。多孔塑料材料可例如分别通过适当地烧结或热处理颗粒状塑料材料来制备。
在本上下文中，特别有利的是，基体还由塑料材料制备。以这种方式可实现，与使用金属材料相比，夹层转接件的重量得以减小。此外，这还使得能够通过基体和多孔层的共挤出来简单制备。在两种塑料材料的材料组合的情况下，最终支撑(支承)物体的基体应由载体塑料材料制备，该载体塑料材料具有比多孔层的多孔塑料材料更高的强度，从而可将物体固定至载体塑料材料。
还可想到，基体具有孔隙率，该孔隙率允许将气体和水分从周围区域穿过所述基体输送至多孔层。在这种情况下，可增加(扩大)水分向多孔层上的粘合面的输送。此处特别地可想到由载体塑料材料制备的基体。
或者，基体可由金属材料制备。不生锈的金属材料例如不锈钢或VA钢优选用于在潮湿环境中的应用，例如在浴室或室内游泳池中。
基体以及多孔层两者都有利地由金属材料制备。
多孔层可直接由优选地金属材料在基体的下侧上烧结成烧结层，由此可在基体和多孔层之间产生耐用、稳定的连接，该连接能够承受拉伸和压缩。
将由烧结金属构成的多孔层连接至基体的一种替代方法是将所述多孔层焊接/钎焊至基体。
此外，已证明有利的是，夹层转接件包括金属材料以及塑料材料两者。例如，多孔层可由金属材料、优选烧结金属构成，以及基体可由载体塑料材料构成，或者多孔层可由多孔塑料材料构成以及基体可由金属材料构成。
基体和多孔层优选彼此胶粘粘合。然而，在胶粘连接的情况下，所选择的塑料材料能够胶粘粘合至金属材料是决定性的。合适的塑料材料可为例如PVC(聚氯乙烯)、ABS(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物)和聚酰胺，尽管后者具有一定的储水能力，但只要其机械强度性质不会遭受超出特定的可容忍阈值的劣化即可。
已证明是有利的是，为基体和多孔层选择防潮材料。因此，材料的机械性质应基本上不因水分的影响而改变。特别地，在潮湿环境例如浴室或游泳池的情况下，材料的抗拉强度和耐压性不应改变。此外有利的是，基体和多孔层的材料在室温下是不可弹性变形的。
基体和多孔层的材料层厚度取决于各自的具体应用。例如，相比于例如对于架子支架的附接，对于小钩的附接，具有较小厚度的基体就已足够，所述小钩例如用于仅支撑较小负载(例如手巾)。以类似的方式，多孔层的厚度可根据夹层转接件的长度和宽度尺寸以及多孔层的孔径的大小而变化。通常，多孔层的孔腔越大，多孔层的构造越薄，反之亦然。本文中最大可能的孔径由多孔层的厚度界定。
已证明有利的是，基体的厚度与多孔层的厚度的比率在10:1和1:1之间的范围内。所述比率可优选在8:1和2:1之间，并且最优选在6:1和4:1之间。
可使粘合剂层的厚度适应于各自的应用。粘合剂层的厚度的界定(例如通过胶粘环，其与多孔层的粘合面和表面共同包围粘合剂，如WO 03/036 106A1中所述)在使用夹层转接件时是不需要的。例如，这使得能够使用更薄、更快速固化的粘合剂层。
夹层转接件，至少在其粘合面的一侧，可具有非平面(弯曲和/或成角度)的形状，由此所述夹层转接件可适应于不平坦的表面，例如柱或弯曲表面。因此，可以成本有效的方式提供非常多样的不同的夹层转接件。在这种情况下，特别有利的是，基体由初始平坦的钣金层制备，该钣金层具有烧结、焊接/钎焊或胶粘粘合在其上的多孔层，随后使所述钣金层弯曲，并且由此能够非常容易地适应于不平坦表面，而且还能够分别以任意表面形状冲压或切割。
将用于支撑物体的支撑元件有利地附接至基体。支撑元件能够通过仅在基体中接合(咬合，啮合)的紧固元件固定至基体。以这种方式，例如可防止在大多数情况下由不锈钢构成的紧固元件与多孔层的烧结金属接触，由于该接触的缘故会在供应水分时产生腐蚀。此外仅在基体中接合的紧固元件是有利的，因为紧固元件因此不会将任何力直接引入到多孔层中，所述多孔层与基体相比不太机械稳定。
c)示例性实施方案
以下将通过附图以示例性方式描述本发明的示例性实施方案，其中：
图1a、b：根据本发明的夹层转接件的剖视图，该夹层转接件通过粘合剂附接至表面；
图2：图1a、b中所示的根据本发明的夹层转接件的剖视图，该夹层转接件通过粘合剂附接至表面并且通过紧固元件将支撑元件附接至该夹层转接件；
图3a-d：根据本发明的夹层转接件的各种表面形状的平面图；
图4：根据本发明的夹层转接件的剖视图，该夹层转接件呈弯曲形状、通过粘合剂附接至柱。
在图1a中示出了在周围区域2中的根据本发明的夹层转接件1。夹层转接件1包括基体3和多孔层4，所述基体3和所述多孔层4以使得基体3的下侧5与多孔层4接触的方式相互承载。在图1a中以示例性方式示出的基体3的厚度6与多孔层4的厚度7的比率为约3:1。此处多孔层4的厚度7优选为1mm。然而，还可想到基体3的厚度6仅具有1mm的厚度。
夹层转接件1用于使用该夹层转接件1来附接物体(未示出)，例如用于保持浴巾的钩子或架子支架。夹层转接件1通过粘合剂9附接至表面8。在将夹层转接件1附接至表面8期间可将粘合剂9施加至表面8或多孔层4的背离基体3的下侧5的粘合面10。粘合剂是水分固化的粘合剂。
在使用水分固化的粘合剂时，因此需要向所述粘合剂提供足够的水分供应。在根据本发明的夹层转接件1的情况下，通过多孔层4来确保向承载在多孔层4的粘合面10上的粘合剂9充分地供应气体结合或空气结合的水分。为此目的，多孔层4具有孔隙率，该孔隙率能够使气体和水分穿过所述多孔层4输送。
由图1b中的附图标记11标识的箭头以示例性方式示出了从周围区域2到多孔层4并且穿过后者直到粘合面10的气体和水分的移动方向，粘合剂9承载在粘合面10上。因此，将多孔层4的孔隙率设定为，使得可将足够的气体和水分输送至粘合面10。
由图1b中的附图标记12标识的箭头示意性地示出了气体和水分如何被基体3排斥(排出)的，在所示的示例性实施例中，基体3对气体和湿气是不可渗透的。
在这一点上应注意，通过多孔层4供应至粘合剂9的气体和水分足以使位于多孔层4的粘合面10和夹层转接件1附接/待附接至的表面8之间的粘合剂9固化。因此，基体3对气体和湿气是完全不可渗透的。然而，替代地，还可想到基体3也具有一定的孔隙率，其允许输送气体和水分。
就本发明而言，多孔层4至少部分地与周围区域2接触是决定性的。在图1、2和4所示的示例性实施方案中，多孔层4以其窄的侧表面与周围区域2接触。在平面图中为圆形的表面几何形状的情况下(对应于图3b)，其是与周围区域2建立接触的窄的环形表面。然而，还可想到，基体3具有间隙，例如呈通孔的形式，其能够将气体和水分输送至所述基体3的下侧5，并因此输送至多孔层4。
为了使粘合剂9固化，当在周围区域2中存在例如30％至70％相对空气湿度(其对于室内是典型的)的空气水分就足够了。
在粘合剂9固化期间，空气结合的水分连续地穿过多孔层4输送至粘合面10并因此输送到粘合剂9中。在粘合剂的固化过程中产生的气体和挥发性粘合剂可同时借助于多孔层4穿过多孔层4的孔逃逸到周围区域2中，其方向与由图1b中的附图标记11标识的箭头相反。
在图1a和b中所示的夹层转接件1中，多孔层4直接支承在基体3的下侧5上。当基体3直接涂覆(覆盖)有多孔层4(例如通过烧结)时，可实现这种直接连接。然而，另一实施方案中多孔层4也可胶粘粘合至基体3；因此，在这种情况下，粘合剂将位于多孔层4和基体3的下侧5之间。在多孔层4被焊接/钎焊至基体3的情况下，在基体3的下侧5和多孔层4之间也可存在薄的焊接/钎焊层。
对于本发明并不重要的是基体3和多孔层4沿着平坦表面相互承载。例如，为了在基体3和多孔层4之间获得更稳定的连接，基体3和多孔层4还可通过齿或凸起(拱形结构，)相互啮合(互锁)。
在图2中示出了用于将物体(未示出)支撑在夹层转接件1上的支撑元件13。支撑在基体3上的支撑元件13通过至少一个紧固元件14固定至基体3，在所示的情况下通过铆钉14固定在基体3上。在所示的示例性实施方案中，支撑元件13在其边缘处沿着表面8的方向逐渐变细。这使得具有突出边缘的连接件(其由现有技术已知并且可插接至支撑元件13)能够通过平头螺钉固定，该平头螺钉可相对于支撑元件13的逐渐变细的边缘拧紧。这种类型的连接件的固定例如由DE 20 2014 102 388 U1已知。或者，物体，例如钩子，可直接连接至基体3。
不管所述物体与基体的固定，附接至基体的物体本身可用作装饰元件或者被设计成使得所述元件能够承受拉伸和/或压缩以将其他物体固定至其上。
由图2可看出，支撑元件13仅覆盖夹层转接件1的基体3，使得根据箭头11向多孔层4供应气体和水分不受所述支撑元件13的限制。这使得支撑元件13能够在附接夹层转接件1之前就已附接至表面8。
此外由图2还可看出，紧固元件14仅在基体3中接合而不在多孔层4中接合，因此不与多孔层4接触。这具有的优点是，一方面仅需考虑两种不同的材料性质，即紧固元件14和基体3的性质，以防止在紧固元件14和多孔层4之间的接触区域中可能产生的任何潜在腐蚀。另一方面，由此产生的优点是多孔层4的机械性质不会不利地改变，并且紧固元件14不会妨碍多孔层4内的气体和水分的输送11。
出于构造的原因或出于视觉原因，可期望夹层转接件1以各种形状提供。可制造的夹层转接件1的表面形状示于图3a-d中。然而，本发明不限于所述形状；相反，还可想到正方形、椭圆形、三角形、多边形或任意表面形状。
夹层转接件1在图3a中所示的平面图中是矩形的，其横向长度可例如最高达约60mm并且在图3b中所示的圆形表面几何形状的直径可例如最高达约50mm。
在图4中示出了，根据本发明的夹层转接件1通过粘合剂9附接至不平坦表面15，例如柱16。此处的柱16仅是非平面的表面15的一个实例；相反，此处还可为具有凸起、边缘轮廓或任意凹面或凸面形状的表面。
在图4中所示的夹层转接件1的情况下，多孔层4的粘合面10以及基体3的下侧5和基体3的与下侧5相反的那侧被构造为非平面的。然而，还可想到，夹层转接件在其粘合面10的一侧和基体3的下侧5上，或者仅在其粘合面10的一侧上具有非平面形状，并且基体3的与下侧5相反的那侧被构造为平面的，即平坦表面。
夹层转接件1向弯曲表面15的附接可这样进行，例如，基体3由钣金层制备，其表面几何形状例如以圆形的形式冲压(模切)，随后通过烧结将多孔层4施加至基体3的下侧5，并且最后使夹层转接件1适应于该夹层转接件1待附接至其的弯曲表面15的形状。
附图标记列表
1 夹层转接件
2 周围区域
3 基体
4 多孔层
5 下侧
6 基体厚度
7 多孔层厚度
8 表面
9 粘合剂
10 粘合面
11，12 气体和水分的供应或输送
13 支撑元件
14 紧固元件
15 非平面表面
16 柱

Claims (11)

1.用于将物体附接至在周围区域(2)中的表面(8,15)的夹层转接件(1)，包括：
-具有下侧(5)的基体(3)，其中将基体(3)设置成使得可将物体固定至其上；和
-承载在基体(3)的下侧(5)上的多孔层(4)，其具有背离基体的用于接触粘合剂(9)的粘合面(10)，其中多孔层(4)能够使得水分从周围区域(2)穿过所述多孔层(4)输送至粘合面(10)。
2.如权利要求1所述的夹层转接件(1)，其特征在于，多孔层(4)由烧结金属、优选青铜烧结金属制备。
3.如权利要求1所述的夹层转接件(1)，其特征在于，多孔层(4)由多孔塑料材料制备。
4.如前述权利要求之一所述的夹层转接件(1)，其特征在于，基体(3)由载体塑料材料制成。
5.如权利要求1至3之一所述的夹层转接件(1)，其特征在于，基体(3)由金属材料、特别地不锈钢、铝或VA钢制备。
6.如前述权利要求之一所述的夹层转接件(1)，其特征在于，多孔层(4)作为烧结层被直接烧结到基体(3)的下侧(5)上。
7.如权利要求1至5之一所述的夹层转接件(1)，其特征在于，将多孔层(4)焊接至基体(3)。
8.如权利要求1至5之一所述的夹层转接件(1)，其特征在于，基体(3)和多孔层(4)彼此胶粘粘合。
9.如前述权利要求之一所述的夹层转接件(1)，其特征在于，基体(3)的厚度(6)与多孔层(4)的厚度(7)的比率在在10:1和1:1之间，并且优选在8:1和2:1之间，以及最优选在6:1和4:1之间的范围内。
10.如前述权利要求之一所述的夹层转接件(1)，其特征在于，夹层转接件(1)至少在其粘合面(10)的一侧上具有非平面形状。
11.如前述权利要求之一所述的夹层转接件(1)，其特征在于，将用于支撑物体的支撑元件(13)附接至基体(3)，其中支撑元件(13)通过仅在基体(3)中接合的紧固元件(14)固定至基体(3)。
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CN111463735A (zh) * 2020-05-11 2020-07-28 国网山东省电力公司滨州市沾化区供电公司 一种低压导线快速固定装置及使用方法

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