CN109861258A - A kind of virtual synchronous machine primary frequency modulation performance on-line evaluation method - Google Patents
A kind of virtual synchronous machine primary frequency modulation performance on-line evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of virtual synchronous machine primary frequency modulation performance on-line evaluation methods for belonging to distributed power generation applied technical field.The present invention can complete the frequency modulation performance and the on-line evaluation of frequency modulation power output time of photovoltaic, wind-powered electricity generation, energy storage distributed power generation virtual synchronous machine, it can judge whether the peak power output of VSG energy-storage units can reach the theoretical value that control parameter is determined, also may determine that whether VSG maximum frequency modulated time can reach time limit value as defined in power grid.The present invention will evaluate for virtual synchronous machine primary frequency modulation performance and provide effective evaluating method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to distributed generation technology field more particularly to a kind of virtual synchronous machine responsive electricity grid frequency fluctuation energy
The on-line evaluation method of power.
Background technique
As energy shortage and environmental degradation problem highlight in global range, distributed power generation (distributed
Generator, DG) because its environmental protection, sustainable characteristic are increasingly subject to the attention of people, a large amount of renewable energy starts to access
Power grid.However, different from traditional Synchronous generator, photovoltaic power generation does not have rotary unit, and no normal direction system provides inertia branch
Support, the rotary unit of wind-power electricity generation can only store a small amount of kinetic energy, can not also provide for system and stablize effective inertial supports.With
The continuous improvement of DG permeability, synchronous generator installed capacity ratio constantly reduces in electric system, system towards low inertia,
The direction of low resistance is developed, this proposes stern challenge to the operation and control of electric system.Contain high permeability to improve
The damping of the power grid of DG and inertia, improve the stability of electric system, and lot of domestic and foreign scholar proposes virtual synchronous generator
The concept of (virtual synchronous generator, VSG) passes through the equation of rotor motion of simulation synchronous generator
The control strategy of DG gird-connected inverter is designed with electromagnetic equation, so that inverter has the external characteristics of synchronous generator.VSG
Topological structure is as shown in Figure 1.
VSG technology simulates the variation of conventional synchronization generator amature kinetic energy with the charge and discharge of DC side energy-storage system,
Power curve is related with the frequency fluctuation situation of the parameters of VSG and power grid；The capacity and power configuration of energy-storage units are then determined
Can determine VSG realize expectation function and its maximum time for participating in primary frequency modulation.In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars mainly have in mind
It is relatively fewer to VSG function on-line monitoring and the research of evaluation in the control strategy of VSG.Some scholars have derived new energy and have gone out
The force-responsive out of VSG energy-storage units when fluctuation or mains frequency fluctuation, without reference to primary frequency modulation process.There are also some researchs
Personnel analyze the relationship between the power output of energy-storage units and the virtual inertia of VSG, but all do not provide the reasonable of VSG capacity
Evaluation method.And with the appearance of VSG adaptation mechanism, the parameter in VSG operational process is no longer fixed, disposable offline
Calculating has been not enough to make accurate evaluation to VSG function.
Summary of the invention
The invention proposes a kind of virtual synchronous machine primary frequency modulation performance on-line evaluation methods, for monitoring VSG power output energy
Can power meet expected power curve and whether meet the time requirement of primary frequency modulation, be VSG parameter on-line tuning and storage
The configuration of energy unit provides foundation.A kind of virtual synchronous machine primary frequency modulation performance on-line evaluation method is online using one kind
Evaluation system evaluates and tests the primary frequency modulation performance of virtual synchronous generator, and the system is by parameter online acquisition module (1), error-tested
Module (2), the locking module (3) of steady operation, operating mode determination module (4), transmission function module (5), damping state are sentenced
Cover half block (6), pull-type inverse transform block (7), time-domain power variation prediction module (8), derivative module (9), integration module (10),
Power variation rate module (11), energy variation prediction module (12), expectation power peak module (13), maximum frequency modulated time module
(14), power contrast's module (15), time contrast module (16) composition, as shown in Figure 2.
The step of evaluation method, is done below and is carefully introduced in detail.
Step 1: access VSG control centre obtains the control parameter of VSG, while enabling voltmeter, ammeter, ohmmeter
Equal tools acquisition VSG hardware parameter and operation of power networks parameter, comprising: time constant H, damped coefficient D, primary frequency modulation COEFFICIENT Kf、
Filter reactance Z ∠ α, the built-in potential E of network voltage U, VSG and generator rotor angle δ, VSG rated capacity Sn, energy-storage units maximum power Pc, storage
It can the current maximum discharge capacity E of unitcout, the current maximum charge capacity E of energy-storage unitscin, the active reference value P of VSGrAnd idle ginseng
Examine value Qr, power grid current frequency fgAnd frequency difference Δ f.
Step 2: to the theoretical value (E of VSG steady operation points, δs) and previous step in measured value be compared, thus
Whether the parameter collected of detecting step one is accurate, the calculation method of theoretical value are as follows:
If error is less than 3%, then it is assumed that meet precise requirements, if error is greater than 3%, then it is assumed that be unsatisfactory for requiring, need
Step 1 is wanted to re-start collecting work.
Step 3: quiescent point is locked according to the inspection result of step 2, the VSG is then calculated according to quiescent point
Synchronizing power:
Step 4: if mains frequency fluctuation is more than ± 0.033Hz, VSG to work in normal mode, then VSG output power
Equal to the power that new energy issues, energy-storage units are not contributed.If mains frequency is out-of-limit, VSG works in hopping pattern, can basis
The general rotor vacillation equation group in the field VSG and the sagging governing equation of primary frequency modulation establish VSG energy-storage units power output and power grid frequency
Transmission function between rate undulate quantity.The expression formula of VSG participation primary frequency modulation are as follows:
Wherein * indicates per unit value,For the mechanical output of synchronous machine, contributed by DG equivalent；Rated frequency,For power grid
Side actual frequency.In conjunction with rotor vacillation equation and primary frequency modulation expression formula can obtain energy-storage units power output with mains frequency fluctuation amount it
Between transmission function are as follows:
WhereinIt is equivalent by the output power of VSG for the electromagnetic power of synchronous machine,For the power output of energy-storage units；ω0
For specified angular frequency, if synchronous machine number of pole-pairs is 1, then ω0Equal to 2 π f of synchronized angular frequency0。
Step 5: solving the characteristic equation of transmission function according to the calculated result of step 5, analyze zero pole point, into
And judge the dam ping conditions of VSG system.By characteristic equation it is found that system damping situation is determined by known parameters completely.Work as feature
For equation there are two when unequal negative real root, system is in overdamping state；Characteristic equation there are two conjugate complex number with when, system
In underdamping state；For characteristic equation there are two when equal negative real root, system is in Critical damping state.Damping state is not
It is same to will affect subsequent mathematical computations.
Step 6: inverse Laplace transform is carried out to the transmission function in step 5, obtained mains frequency changes
When energy-storage units output power time-domain expression.By taking step occurs for mains frequency as an example, when VSG works in hopping pattern, mistake
Energy-storage units output power time-domain expression in the case of damping are as follows:
Wherein
Energy-storage units output power time-domain expression in the case of critical damping are as follows:
Energy-storage units output power time-domain expression in the case of underdamping are as follows:
Wherein
Step 7: derivative operation is carried out to the time-domain expression of energy-storage units output power, obtains output power in time domain
Change rate function
Step 8: enabling change rate function be equal to 0, solves the time t of power extreme value appearancemax, then by tmaxSubstitute into output
The time-domain expression of power obtains output power extreme value.Under normal circumstances, first extreme value that output power obtains is exactly its peak
It is worth Δ Pe max。
Step 9: integrating the time-domain expression of output power, available energy-storage units charge and discharge total energy quantitative change
The time-domain expression of change.The result of the expression formula is enabled to be equal to the current residual capacity of energy-storage units, solution obtains VSG and participates in frequency modulation
Time limit value tlimit。
Step 10: by prediction power peak delta P obtained in step 9e maxWith the practical peak power output of energy-storage units into
Row compares, and then learns that can the VSG meet desired frequency modulation power curve.VSG obtained in step 9 is participated in into frequency modulation
Time limit value tlimitIt is compared with minimum frequency modulated time specified in national grid VSG fire protection technology, show that can the VSG expire
Sufficient frequency modulated time requirement.
Step 11: the power curve and energy curves and VSG predicted in plot step seven, step 10 itself
The maximum power curve and energy curves that ability (i.e. the peak power outputs and residual capacity of energy-storage units) is determined.It adjusts
Degree personnel can understand the operation conditions of VSG by observing this two groups of curves, and the update for parameter tuning, energy storage device provides ginseng
It examines.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the topological structure that VSG is incorporated into the power networks.
Fig. 2 is virtual synchronous generator primary frequency modulation performance online rating system.
The control strategy of active-frequency-portions of VSG in the embodiment of the position Fig. 3.
Fig. 4 is the prediction output power curve of VSG energy-storage units in embodiment.
Fig. 5 is the predictive ability change curve of VSG energy-storage units in embodiment.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is done below with reference to specific example and is further at large described.Obviously, described here
Embodiment is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field
Those of ordinary skill is obtained without making creative work so other embodiments, all should belong to the present invention
The range of protection.
Example: VSG basic parameter is as shown in table 1, and active power and frequency control strategy is as shown in Figure 3, it is assumed that when mains frequency f is sent out
When the step of raw -0.5Hz, which participates in frequency modulation work simultaneously with the support of virtual inertia and primary frequency modulation two ways.According to state
Family's power grid " virtual synchronous machine fire protection technology ", when frequency declines, VSG participates in the increasable active power output maximum value of primary frequency modulation not
Lower than the 10% of its rated capacity.Because mains frequency fluctuation is usually no more than 0.5Hz；Therefore settable primary frequency modulation coefficient is Kf
=10.
1 VSG parameter setting of table
(1) it sets above-mentioned parameter all to be obtained by online acquisition, calculates quiescent point (Es, δs) theoretical value be
(528.687V, 0.0318rad), the error between measured value do not need to resurvey less than 0.1%.
(2) according to current frequency difference it is found that the VSG works in hopping pattern, energy-storage units have output.
(3) it can be calculated according to collected data, when which is incorporated into the power networks, the value of synchronizing power are as follows:
(4) according to operating mode and synchronizing power, transmission function is established are as follows:
(5) judge through system mode determination module, D2-8HSEω0< 0, the VSG system are in underdamping mode
(6) according to the formula in step 6, the time-domain expression of energy-storage units active power of output are as follows:
(7) to above formula derivation available power change rate function are as follows:
Enabling change rate function be equal to 0 can obtain, when energy-storage units output power obtains extreme value, the value of time t are as follows:
tmax=0.1311arctan (- 6.138) (12)
The time that energy-storage units output power obtains extreme value for the first time is taken as 0.227s, is substituted into energy-storage units power output
Time-domain expression can obtain, and the peak value of energy-storage units power output is Δ Pe(0.227)=82.75kW.
(8) power output expression formula is integrated and can be obtained, energy-storage units energy variation expression formula are as follows:
The result of above formula is enabled to be equal to energy-storage units socking out capacity Ecout, can obtain discharge time limit value is 28.44s.
(9) evaluation result: energy-storage units peak power output 100kW is greater than the output of greatest hope obtained in prediction model
Power 82.75kW, therefore the power output capacity of the VSG can satisfy desired power curve demand.The VSG is with such work
The maximum time that mode participates in electric system frequency modulation is 28.44s, participates in primary frequency modulation most greater than VSG as defined in national grid
Small time 15s, therefore can satisfy frequency modulated time requirement.
(10) it is expected that power curve and expectation energy change curve are as shown in Figure 4, Figure 5.The VSG function of this example can satisfy
Demand, therefore no longer draw actual energy curve.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of virtual synchronous machine primary frequency modulation performance on-line evaluation method, it is characterised in that commented using a kind of online rating system
Survey the primary frequency modulation performance of virtual synchronous generator, the system is by parameter online acquisition module (1), error-tested module (2), steady
State work locking module (3), operating mode determination module (4), transmission function module (5), damping state determination module (6),
Pull-type inverse transform block (7), time-domain power variation prediction module (8), derivative module (9), integration module (10), power variation rate
Module (11), energy variation prediction module (12), expectation power peak module (13), maximum frequency modulated time module (14), power
Contrast module (15), time contrast module (16) composition；
A kind of virtual synchronous machine primary frequency modulation performance on-line evaluation method includes that steps are as follows,
Step 1: acquisition VSG parameter and operation of power networks parameter, comprising: time constant H, damped coefficient D, primary frequency modulation COEFFICIENT Kf、
Filter reactance Z ∠ α, the built-in potential E of network voltage U, VSG and generator rotor angle δ, VSG rated capacity Sn, energy-storage units maximum power Pc, storage
It can the current maximum discharge capacity E of unitcout, the current maximum charge capacity E of energy-storage unitscin, the active reference value P of VSGrAnd idle ginseng
Examine value Qr, power grid current frequency f and frequency difference Δ f；
Step 2: to the theoretical value (E of VSG steady operation points, δs) and previous step in measured value be compared, to detect
Whether step 1 parameter collected is accurate, the calculation method of theoretical value are as follows:
Step 3: quiescent point is locked according to the inspection result of step 2, the same of the VSG is then calculated according to quiescent point
Walk power:
Step 4: if mains frequency is out-of-limit, VSG works in hopping pattern, rotor vacillation equation that can be general according to the field VSG
Group and the sagging governing equation of primary frequency modulation establish the transmission function between VSG energy-storage units power output and mains frequency fluctuation amount.VSG
Participate in the expression formula of primary frequency modulation are as follows:
Wherein * indicates per unit value,For the mechanical output of synchronous machine, contributed by DG equivalent；Rated frequency,For grid side reality
Border frequency.It can be obtained between energy-storage units power output and mains frequency fluctuation amount in conjunction with rotor vacillation equation and primary frequency modulation expression formula
Transmission function are as follows:
WhereinIt is equivalent by the output power of VSG for the electromagnetic power of synchronous machine,For the power output of energy-storage units；ω0For volume
Determine angular frequency, if synchronous machine number of pole-pairs is 1, then ω0Equal to 2 π f of synchronized angular frequency0；
Step 5: solving the characteristic equation of transmission function according to the calculated result of step 4, when there are two unequal for characteristic equation
Negative real root when, system is in overdamping state；Characteristic equation there are two conjugate complex number with when, system is in underdamping state；
For characteristic equation there are two when equal negative real root, system is in Critical damping state；
Step 6: inverse Laplace transform, storage when obtained mains frequency changes are carried out to the transmission function in step 4
The time-domain expression of energy unit output power.By taking step occurs for mains frequency as an example, when VSG works in hopping pattern, overdamp
In the case of energy-storage units output power time-domain expression are as follows:
Wherein
Energy-storage units output power time-domain expression in the case of critical damping are as follows:
Energy-storage units output power time-domain expression in the case of underdamping are as follows:
Wherein
Step 7: derivative operation is carried out to the time-domain expression of energy-storage units output power, obtains output power in the change of time domain
Rate function；
Step 8: enabling change rate function be equal to 0, solves the time t of power extreme value appearancemax, then by tmaxSubstitute into output power
Time-domain expression obtain output power extreme value.Under normal circumstances, first extreme value that output power obtains is exactly its peak delta
Pe max；
Step 9: integrating the time-domain expression of output power, available energy-storage units charge and discharge gross energy variation
Time-domain expression.Enable the result of the expression formula be equal to the current residual capacity of energy-storage units, solve obtain VSG participate in frequency modulation when
Between limit value tlim it；
Step 10: by prediction power peak delta P obtained in step 9e maxCompared with the practical peak power output of energy-storage units
Compared with, and then learn that can the VSG meet desired frequency modulation power curve.VSG obtained in step 9 is participated in the time of frequency modulation
Limit value tlim itIt is compared with minimum frequency modulated time specified in national grid VSG fire protection technology, show that can the VSG meet
Frequency modulated time requirement；
Step 11: the power curve and energy curves and VSG self-ability predicted in plot step seven, step 10
The maximum power curve and energy curves that (i.e. the peak power outputs and residual capacity of energy-storage units) are determined.
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