CN109860627B - Preparation method of high-electric-conductivity high-heat-conductivity high-airtightness corrosion-resistant graphene unipolar plate and hydrogen fuel cell - Google Patents

Preparation method of high-electric-conductivity high-heat-conductivity high-airtightness corrosion-resistant graphene unipolar plate and hydrogen fuel cell Download PDF

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CN109860627B
CN109860627B CN201910092809.4A CN201910092809A CN109860627B CN 109860627 B CN109860627 B CN 109860627B CN 201910092809 A CN201910092809 A CN 201910092809A CN 109860627 B CN109860627 B CN 109860627B
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graphene
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bipolar plate
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CN109860627A (en
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李宜彬
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Shandong Guosen New Material Innovation Center Co.,Ltd.
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Rizhao Xichuang New Material Technology Co ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

The invention mainly relates to a preparation method of a high-electric-conductivity high-heat-conductivity high-airtightness corrosion-resistant graphene unipolar plate, and aims to solve the problems of poor electric and heat conductivity, poor airtightness and poor corrosion resistance of a traditional bipolar plate. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a graphite mold, preforming a filler (few-layer graphene powder) into a plate shape, pre-sintering to remove a dispersing agent, performing in-situ densification molding, machining to obtain a finished product, and assembling a bipolar plate. The invention also discloses a fuel cell comprising such a bipolar plate. The heat conductivity and the electric conductivity of the bipolar plate are improved by one order of magnitude compared with those of the traditional bipolar plate, and the bipolar plate has very high air tightness and excellent corrosion resistance, so that the energy conversion efficiency, the service life and the use safety of the hydrogen fuel cell can be improved, and the application range of the hydrogen fuel cell is expanded.

Description

Preparation method of high-electric-conductivity high-heat-conductivity high-airtightness corrosion-resistant graphene unipolar plate and hydrogen fuel cell
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of hydrogen fuel cell materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a high-conductivity high-heat-conductivity high-airtightness corrosion-resistant graphene unipolar plate and a hydrogen fuel cell.
Background
Under the environment with higher and higher environmental protection requirements, the fuel cell gradually draws attention from the academic and industrial fields due to the advantages of high power generation efficiency, no environmental pollution and the like, realizes application in the fields of aerospace, electric automobiles and the like, and has wide application prospect. The core component of a hydrogen fuel cell is a bipolar plate. The bipolar plate is composed of two electrode plates, and a proton exchange membrane is clamped between the two electrode plates. Wherein the electrode plate serves to support the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent and to guide the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent to flow on the surface of the electrode in the battery. The redox reaction of hydrogen and oxygen is completed in the whole bipolar plate, and the heat generated by the reaction must be timely conducted out to ensure the normal operation of the battery, so that the bipolar plate not only requires good electrical conductivity, but also requires good heat-conducting property and corrosion resistance, and meanwhile, in order to improve the utilization rate of hydrogen and oxygen, the pair of single electrodes is required to have good gas barrier property, namely high gas tightness. In summary, high conductivity determines high transmission rates; high thermal conductivity and excellent corrosion resistance determine high lifetime and high safety; high gas tightness determines high hydrogen utilization.
However, the conventional bipolar plate has a low utilization rate of hydrogen because the electrode is made of a material such as expanded graphite, which has a low thermal conductivity of 100W/m · K or less even if the density is increased by impregnating resin, and the expanded graphite has a poor gas barrier property.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of low thermal conductivity, low electrical conductivity, low hydrogen utilization rate and the like of the bipolar plate for the hydrogen fuel cell, the invention provides a preparation method of a high-electrical-conductivity high-thermal-conductivity high-airtightness corrosion-resistant graphene unipolar plate and the hydrogen fuel cell.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a high-conductivity high-heat-conductivity high-airtightness corrosion-resistant graphene unipolar plate is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a mould: preparing a corresponding graphite mold according to the shape and the size of the unipolar plate, wherein the graphite is high-strength graphite;
step two: filling: uniformly spreading graphene powder in a graphite mold, and scraping the surface;
step three: preforming: applying a pressure of 0.5-1 MPa to the filler in the second step by using a press at normal temperature, uniformly pressurizing the filler at a constant speed of 5-20 mm/min by using the press, and maintaining the pressure for 1-5 min after the pressure reaches a given pressure so as to perform the filler into a graphene plate;
step four: pre-sintering: sintering the preformed graphene plate at 500-1000 ℃ for 1-2 h in vacuum;
step five: in-situ densification forming: placing the pre-sintered preformed graphene plate into a graphite mold, and performing hot-pressing sintering in a hot-pressing sintering furnace;
step six: machining into the final structure.
The hydrogen fuel cell comprises the high-electric-conductivity high-heat-conductivity high-airtightness corrosion-resistant graphene unipolar plate prepared by the method, and the hydrogen fuel cell comprises at least one unipolar plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with the traditional bipolar plate for the hydrogen fuel cell, the graphene unipolar plate has the characteristics of high compactness and high crystallinity, so that the electric conductivity and the heat conductivity in the plane direction are greatly improved, the electric conductivity of a single electrode plate is improved, the electron transmission speed of the bipolar plate assembled by the single electrode plate can be greatly improved, and the use efficiency of the whole hydrogen fuel cell is improved. The improvement of the heat conduction performance can increase the service efficiency and the service life of the hydrogen fuel cell.
(2) In the hot pressing process of the graphene powder, internal gas can be discharged, and under the action of hydrodynamics during gas discharge, the two-dimensional material graphene can be directionally arranged perpendicular to the pressurizing direction. The graphene unipolar plate which is directionally arranged has high air tightness and plays a role of packaging, the mechanism of the gas barrier performance of the graphene unipolar plate is shown in figure 4, the graphene which is directionally arranged increases the path of gas inside, so that the permeation resistance of the graphene is greatly increased, and the hydrogen and the oxygen are prevented from diffusing outwards of the bipolar plate, so that the graphene can fully react inside the bipolar plate, the hydrogen utilization rate and the oxygen utilization rate of the hydrogen fuel cell are greatly improved, the waste of the gas is reduced, and the safety performance of the hydrogen fuel cell can be improved.
(3) The unipolar plate obtained by the invention has excellent corrosion resistance due to the excellent chemical stability of the graphene material. The graphene is a two-dimensional crystal material, and the room-temperature in-plane thermal conductivity of the single-layer graphene with a perfect lattice is as high as 5300W/(m.K), and the conductivity is as high as 106S/m, and has excellent chemical stability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a graphene bipolar plate of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic transverse cross-sectional view of a graphene bipolar plate of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a graphene bipolar plate of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the graphene bipolar plate and the principle of high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity and high air tightness thereof according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a graphene bipolar plate in another possible structural form encompassed by the present invention;
illustration of the drawings: 1-bipolar plate, 2-gas and coolant flow channel, 3-oxygen inlet, 4-coolant inlet, 5-hydrogen inlet, 6-hydrogen outlet, 7-coolant outlet, 8-oxygen outlet, 9-hydrogen outlet salient point, 10-hydrogen inlet salient point, 11-oxygen unipolar plate, 12-oxygen catalyst layer, 13-proton exchange membrane, 14-hydrogen catalyst layer, 15-hydrogen unipolar plate, 16-oxygen, 17-proton, 18-hydrogen, 19-heat flow direction, 20-electron transfer direction, 21-battery load, 22-non-graphene hydrogen unipolar plate, 23-non-graphene oxygen unipolar plate.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, and includes any combination of the specific embodiments. The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without further limiting the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a highly conductive, highly gas-tight and corrosion-resistant graphene bipolar plate 1 is composed of a hydrogen unipolar plate 15, an oxygen unipolar plate 11, and a proton exchange membrane 13 (see fig. 2 and 3) disposed between the two plates, and gas and coolant flow channels 2 (see fig. 1) are disposed on the inner sides of the hydrogen unipolar plate 15 and the oxygen unipolar plate 11. A hydrogen cavity is formed by the hydrogen unipolar plate 15 of the bipolar plate and one side of the proton exchange membrane 13, a hydrogen inlet 5 and a hydrogen outlet 6 are respectively arranged at two ends of the hydrogen cavity, and a hydrogen catalyst is filled in a hydrogen catalyst layer 14 in the hydrogen cavity. The oxygen unipolar plate 11 and the other side of the proton exchange membrane 13 form an oxygen chamber, an oxygen catalyst layer 12 inside the oxygen chamber is filled with an oxygen catalyst, and the two ends are respectively an oxygen inlet 3 and an oxygen outlet 8. The two ends of the hydrogen unipolar plate 15 and the two ends of the oxygen unipolar plate 11 both comprise a cooling liquid inlet 4 and a cooling liquid outlet 7, and the insides of the hydrogen cavity and the oxygen cavity are both composed of zigzag densely-arranged runners. The hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet are provided with a hydrogen inlet convex point 10 and a hydrogen outlet convex point 9 for regulating and controlling the air pressure in the hydrogen cavity, so that the danger caused by overhigh air pressure is prevented.
Referring to fig. 4, hydrogen gas 18 loses electrons under the action of the hydrogen catalyst to become protons 17, and enters the oxygen gas chamber through the proton exchange membrane 13 to react with oxygen gas 16, and the electrons generated by the redox reaction are transmitted to a cell load 21 through a bipolar plate, which is the basic operation principle of the hydrogen fuel cell. The graphene unipolar plate provided by the invention has the advantages that the graphene sheets are highly and directionally arranged in the plane direction, so that the excellent in-plane heat conduction and electric conduction performance of graphene can be fully exerted, the unipolar plate has ultrahigh heat conduction and electric conduction in the plane direction, and the propagation speed of heat flow of electrons is improved. The electron transport direction 20 and the heat flow direction 19 are shown in fig. 4.
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment describes a preparation method of a high-electrical-conductivity high-thermal-conductivity high-airtightness corrosion-resistant graphene unipolar plate, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a mould: preparing a corresponding graphite mold according to the shape and the size of the unipolar plate, wherein the graphite is high-strength graphite;
step two: filling: uniformly spreading graphene powder in a graphite mold, and scraping the surface;
step three: preforming: applying a pressure of 0.5-1 MPa to the filler in the second step by using a press at normal temperature, uniformly pressurizing the filler at a constant speed of 5-20 mm/min by using the press, maintaining the pressure for 1-5 min after the given pressure is reached, preforming the filler into a graphene plate, and taking the graphene plate out of the mold; the preforming process can discharge most of gas in the powder, and in the gas discharging process, the graphene sheet layers can be driven to turn over due to the flowing of the gas, so that the graphene sheet layers are directionally arranged along the flowing direction of the gas;
step four: pre-sintering: performing vacuum sintering on a preformed graphene plate at the temperature of 500-1000 ℃ for 1-2 h, and removing a graphene dispersing agent and the like contained in the preformed graphene plate;
step five: in-situ densification forming: placing the pre-sintered preformed graphene plate into a graphite mold, and performing hot-pressing sintering in a hot-pressing sintering furnace;
step six: machining into the final structure. The density of the prepared graphene unipolar plate is more than 90%, which is an important condition for ensuring high heat conductivity, high electric conductivity and high compactness. A pair of unipolar plates and a proton exchange membrane prepared by the method are assembled together to form the high-electric-conductivity high-heat-conductivity high-air-tightness corrosion-resistant bipolar plate.
The second embodiment is as follows: in a fifth step of the preparation method of the high-conductivity, high-thermal-conductivity, high-airtightness and corrosion-resistant graphene unipolar plate, the hot-press sintering is: the temperature is increased from room temperature to 600-2500 ℃ at the temperature rising rate of 8-20 ℃/min, the pressure is increased, the pressure is 20-60 MPa, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 30-120 min, and the whole hot-pressing sintering process is carried out in a vacuum environment or an inert atmosphere.
The third concrete implementation mode: in a specific embodiment, according to the preparation method of the high-electrical-conductivity, high-thermal-conductivity, high-airtightness and corrosion-resistant graphene unipolar plate, graphene is highly and directionally arranged in a planar direction (XY direction) inside a graphene bipolar plate.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: a hydrogen fuel cell comprising the graphene unipolar plate with high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, high gas tightness and corrosion resistance prepared by the method according to any one of the first to third embodiments, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell comprises at least one unipolar plate. The hydrogen fuel cell may be composed of two unipolar plates prepared by the above method, may also be composed of one graphene oxygen unipolar plate prepared by the above method and one common non-graphene hydrogen unipolar plate 22, and may also be composed of the graphene hydrogen unipolar plate prepared by the above method and a common non-graphene oxygen unipolar plate 23 (see fig. 5).
Example 1:
(1) the high-strength graphite is used as a raw material, and the graphite mold is prepared according to the shape and the corresponding size of the unipolar plate.
(2) Uniformly spreading graphene powder in a mold, scraping the surface, and adding the graphene powder according to the final density of 2.1g/cm-3Calculating the thickness of 2 mm; the added graphene powder is pure graphene powder with the number of layers less than 10 and better crystallinity.
(3) And (3) applying a pressure of 0.5MPa to the filled material in the step (2) by using a press, uniformly pressurizing the material by using the press at a constant speed of 5mm/min, and keeping the pressure for 1min after the pressure reaches 0.5MPa to perform.
(4) And (3) sintering the preformed graphene plate at 1000 ℃ for 1h in vacuum.
(5) And (5) performing in-situ densification and molding. And putting the sintered preformed body into a graphite mold, and performing hot-pressing sintering in a hot-pressing sintering furnace. The hot-pressing sintering process comprises the following steps: heating at a heating rate of 8 ℃/min, starting to pressurize at 20MPa after the temperature reaches 2500 ℃, keeping the temperature and the pressure for 120min, and carrying out a vacuum environment.
(6) Machining into a final structure and assembling into the graphene bipolar plate.
The performance of the bipolar plate is tested, and the result shows that: the density of the bipolar plate is 99%, the plane electric conductivity is 2031S/cm, the plane heat conductivity is 1500W/m.K, and compared with the bipolar plate reported at present, the heat conductivity and the electric conductivity are both improved by one order of magnitude. Airtightness: the permeability of high-purity hydrogen at 100MPa is 8.5X 10-11mol/m2S-1Pa-1. Corrosion resistance: the bipolar plate was soaked in 40% sodium hydroxide solution for 120h with a mass loss of 0.2%.
Example 2:
(1) same as example 1 (1).
(2) Except for the difference from example 1 (2), that the amount of graphene powder added was calculated as a final thickness of 3.5 mm.
(3) And (3) applying a pressure of 1MPa to the filled material in the step (2) by using a press, uniformly pressurizing the material by using the press at a constant speed of 20mm/min, and keeping the pressure for 5min after the pressure reaches 1MPa to perform.
(4) And (3) sintering the preformed graphene plate for 2 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 500 ℃.
(5) And (5) performing in-situ densification and molding. And putting the sintered preformed body into a graphite mold, and performing hot-pressing sintering in a hot-pressing sintering furnace. The hot-pressing sintering process comprises the following steps: heating at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, starting to pressurize at 60MPa after the temperature reaches 600 ℃, keeping the temperature and the pressure for 120min, and protecting with argon.
(6) Machining into a final structure and assembling into the graphene bipolar plate.
The performance of the bipolar plate is tested, and the result shows that: the compactness is 91%, the plane electric conductivity is 1109S/cm, and the plane thermal conductivity is 1028W/m.K. Airtightness: the permeability of high-purity hydrogen at 100MPa is 1.0X 10-10mol/m2S-1Pa-1. Corrosion resistance: the bipolar plate was soaked in 40% sodium hydroxide solution for 120h with a mass loss of 0.2%.
Example 3:
(1) same as example 1 (1).
(2) The difference from example 1 (2) is that the amount of graphene powder added is calculated as a final thickness of 5 mm.
(3) And (3) applying a pressure of 0.8MPa to the filled material in the step (2) by using a press, uniformly pressurizing by using the press at a constant speed of 10mm/min, and keeping the pressure for 3min after the pressure reaches 0.8MPa to perform.
(4) And (3) sintering the preformed graphene plate at 800 ℃ for 1.5h in vacuum.
(5) And (5) performing in-situ densification and molding. And putting the sintered preformed body into a graphite mold, and performing hot-pressing sintering in a hot-pressing sintering furnace. The hot-pressing sintering process comprises the following steps: heating at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min, starting to pressurize at 40MPa after the temperature reaches 2000 ℃, keeping the temperature and the pressure for 60min, and carrying out a vacuum environment.
(6) Machining into a final structure and assembling into the graphene bipolar plate.
The performance of the bipolar plate is tested, and the result shows that: the density of the bipolar plate is 95%, the plane electrical conductivity is 1987S/cm, the plane thermal conductivity is 1350W/m.K, and compared with the bipolar plate reported at present, the thermal conductivity and the electrical conductivity are both improved by one order of magnitude. Airtightness: the permeability of high-purity hydrogen at 100MPa is 9.2X 10-11mol/m2S-1Pa-1. Corrosion resistance: the bipolar plate was soaked in 40% sodium hydroxide solution for 120h with a mass loss of 0.3%.

Claims (3)

1. A preparation method of a high-conductivity high-heat-conductivity high-airtightness corrosion-resistant graphene unipolar plate is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a mould: preparing a corresponding graphite mold according to the shape and the size of the unipolar plate, wherein the graphite is high-strength graphite;
step two: filling: uniformly spreading graphene powder in a graphite mold, and scraping the surface;
step three: preforming: applying a pressure of 0.5-1 MPa to the filler in the second step by using a press at normal temperature, uniformly pressurizing the filler at a constant speed of 5-20 mm/min by using the press, and maintaining the pressure for 1-5 min after the pressure reaches a given pressure so as to perform the filler into a graphene plate;
step four: pre-sintering: sintering the preformed graphene plate at 500-1000 ℃ for 1-2 h in vacuum;
step five: in-situ densification forming: placing the pre-sintered preformed graphene plate into a graphite mold, and performing hot-pressing sintering in a hot-pressing sintering furnace; the hot-pressing sintering comprises the following steps: heating to 600-2500 ℃ from room temperature at a heating rate of 8-20 ℃/min, pressurizing, keeping the pressure at 20-60 MPa for 30-120 min, and carrying out the whole hot-pressing sintering process in a vacuum environment or an inert atmosphere;
step six: machining into the final structure.
2. The preparation method of the high-conductivity high-thermal-conductivity high-airtightness corrosion-resistant graphene unipolar plate according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: inside the graphene unipolar plate, the graphene is directionally arranged along a plane.
3. A hydrogen fuel cell comprising the highly electrically conductive, highly thermally conductive, highly gas-tight, corrosion-resistant graphene unipolar plate prepared by the method of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the hydrogen fuel cell includes at least one unipolar plate.
CN201910092809.4A 2019-01-30 2019-01-30 Preparation method of high-electric-conductivity high-heat-conductivity high-airtightness corrosion-resistant graphene unipolar plate and hydrogen fuel cell Active CN109860627B (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1964113A (en) * 2006-11-29 2007-05-16 武汉理工大学 A bipolar plate for conductive ceramics/graphite proton exchange membrane fuel cell and its manufacture method
US20070154771A1 (en) * 2006-01-04 2007-07-05 Jang Bor Z Highly conductive composites for fuel cell flow field plates and bipolar plates
CN105428670A (en) * 2015-12-15 2016-03-23 江苏绿遥燃料电池系统制造有限公司 Special polar plate for high-power-density PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) pile and preparation method of polar plate
CN106410235A (en) * 2016-10-15 2017-02-15 成都育芽科技有限公司 Expanded graphite/polyimide composite bipolar plate and preparation method thereof
CN109244487A (en) * 2018-10-26 2019-01-18 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 A kind of method that low temperature graphitization prepares fuel battery double plates

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070154771A1 (en) * 2006-01-04 2007-07-05 Jang Bor Z Highly conductive composites for fuel cell flow field plates and bipolar plates
CN1964113A (en) * 2006-11-29 2007-05-16 武汉理工大学 A bipolar plate for conductive ceramics/graphite proton exchange membrane fuel cell and its manufacture method
CN105428670A (en) * 2015-12-15 2016-03-23 江苏绿遥燃料电池系统制造有限公司 Special polar plate for high-power-density PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) pile and preparation method of polar plate
CN106410235A (en) * 2016-10-15 2017-02-15 成都育芽科技有限公司 Expanded graphite/polyimide composite bipolar plate and preparation method thereof
CN109244487A (en) * 2018-10-26 2019-01-18 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 A kind of method that low temperature graphitization prepares fuel battery double plates

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