CN109856817A - VR cleaning equipment - Google Patents

VR cleaning equipment Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN109856817A
CN109856817A CN201910005514.9A CN201910005514A CN109856817A CN 109856817 A CN109856817 A CN 109856817A CN 201910005514 A CN201910005514 A CN 201910005514A CN 109856817 A CN109856817 A CN 109856817A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
air knife
air
cleaning equipment
knife head
seal box
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201910005514.9A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
金文华
何鹏飞
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SUZHOU NEW STAR PRECISION MECHANISM CO Ltd
Original Assignee
SUZHOU NEW STAR PRECISION MECHANISM CO Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SUZHOU NEW STAR PRECISION MECHANISM CO Ltd filed Critical SUZHOU NEW STAR PRECISION MECHANISM CO Ltd
Priority to CN201910005514.9A priority Critical patent/CN109856817A/en
Publication of CN109856817A publication Critical patent/CN109856817A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of VR cleaning equipments, it applies in the production line for automatically assembling field of VR glasses, solves the artificial and halfway technical problem of conventional cleaning, its key points of the technical solution are that a kind of VR cleaning equipment, including workbench, the workbench is equipped with carrier device, and the carrier device includes the hollow carrier platform for placing CUP, the pushing actuator that the carrier platform is equipped with and compresses the pressing plate of CUP, drives the pressing plate lifting;The lifting actuator that the bottom side of the workbench is equipped with blowing device, drives the blowing device lifting, blowing device include for rotating and the air knife head of outlet air;Having the technical effect that for having can carry out multi-angle air blowing dedusting for CUP inner wall, and dust removal is more thorough.

Description

VR cleaning equipment
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical fields of the production line for automatically assembling of VR glasses, more particularly, to a kind of VR cleaning equipment.
Background technique
VR is the abbreviation of Virtual Reality, and the Chinese meaning is exactly virtual reality, and virtual reality technology is a kind of energy The computer simulation technique of enough creation and the experiencing virtual world, it is regarded using the Three-Dimensional Dynamic that computer generates a kind of interactive mode Scape, the analogue system of entity behavior are able to use family and are immersed in the environment.
VR glasses, that is, VR aobvious, virtual reality head-mounted display apparatus.Since early stage shows this concept without head, so root The unprofessional call such as VR glasses, VR eyeshade, VR helmet is produced according to appearance.It is to utilize head-mounted display apparatus by people that VR aobvious To extraneous vision, sense of hearing closing, guidance user generates a kind of feeling in virtual environment.Its displaying principle is right and left eyes Screen is shown respectively generates three-dimensional sense after the image of right and left eyes, human eye obtain this discrepant information of band in brain.
Such as Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, VR glasses include CUP11, LENS12 and LCM13, if the viscous dust of inner wall wherein on CUP11 It will affect perception, stain will be formed after wearing in range of visibility, need to clear away dust granule.Using conventional air blowing Means, air blowing angle is single, and easy cleaning is not thorough, and still influences to use.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of VR cleaning equipments, blow its advantage is that multi-angle can be carried out for CUP inner wall Gas dedusting, dust removal are more thorough.
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the invention has the technical scheme that a kind of VR cleaning equipment, including Workbench, the workbench are equipped with carrier device, and the carrier device includes the hollow carrier platform for placing CUP, institute It states carrier platform and is equipped with the pushing actuator for compressing the pressing plate of CUP, driving the pressing plate lifting;
The lifting actuator that the bottom side of the workbench is equipped with blowing device, drives the blowing device lifting, blowing device packet It includes for rotating and the air knife head of outlet air.
Through the above technical solutions, using the VR cleaning equipment, when operation, first CUP is placed on carrier device, is passed through Carrier platform realizes Primary Location installation;When putting, by the relatively large opening of CUP towards down-set, place after stablizing, under Actuator band dynamic pressure plate is pressed to decline, pressing plate compresses CUP, and further, the lifting actuator in blowing device drives air knife head Rise, air knife head rises and rotates, to realize the airflow effects of rotary-type blowing, CUP inner wall is realized comprehensive, polygonal The strong blowing of degree, wherein interior logical ion wind, dust removal effect is more preferable after ion wind eliminates electrostatic, reduces the viscosity of dust, reaches To the effect of dust removal.
The present invention is further arranged to: the blowing device includes the seal box of upper opening, and the seal box is equipped with The air extractor of gas outlet and the connection gas outlet, the seal box be equipped with air inlet and the connection air inlet into Device of air;The rotating mechanism for being provided with inner hollow in the seal box and being connected with inlet duct, the rotating mechanism connect It gives a dinner for a visitor from afar cutter head.
Through the above technical solutions, being additionally provided with seal box in blowing device, the air extractor on seal box is acted on In pumping, pumping action is synchronous with blowing action to be carried out, to realize that wind recycles;Specifically, air extractor passes through on seal box Air inlet and air outlet realize the disengaging of ion wind, air inlet connects the components such as air intake pump, realizes that air inlet, wind pass through whirler Structure is from outlet air on air knife head, while seal box exhausting, and exhausting realizes exhausting by components such as aspiration pumps, and exhausting while, which is realized, takes out Dirt.
The present invention is further arranged to: the sealing upper box part is provided with for sealing ring insertion along the circumferential surface of its opening Seal groove, when seal box rises and contradicts to carrier platform bottom side, the bottom side wall surface and seal box of the carrier platform, which are formed, to be sealed Structure.
Through the above technical solutions, seal box will be contradicted to the bottom of CUP after can rising with lifting actuator lifting, seal box Side, therefore the wind for knife blowout of drying can reduce the loss of exhausting amount by complete cycle, improve pumping effect.
The present invention is further arranged to: the press plate bottom side is connected with plastic plate.
Through the above technical solutions, the compressible upper surface CUP of plastic plate, so that the conflict power of CUP and carrier platform are higher, from And better tightness, air extractor more preferable can obtain exhausting, reduce the loss of exhausting amount.
The present invention is further arranged to: the rotating mechanism includes the transfer tube for connecting air inlet, and the transfer tube is separate One end of air inlet connects hollow axle, and the hollow axle is connected to air knife head and communicates with air knife head, the hollow axle It is rotated by rotating electric machine drive.
Through the above technical solutions, transfer tube connects hollow axle, hollow axle connects air knife head, and air knife head is with hollow The rotation of shaft and rotate, realize rotation outlet air, good dedusting effect.
The present invention is further arranged to: being equipped with the partition being bonded with its inner wall in the seal box, is connected on the inside of partition Bearing block, be provided with bearing in the bearing block, the hollow axle and bearing inner race are affixed, hollow axle and rotating electric machine Between pass through Bevel Gear Transmission.
Through the above technical solutions, seal box is separated using a partition so that the rotating electric machine outside seal box to Partition is first passed through when penetrating shaft in seal box, partition increases the leakproofness inside seal box;Bearing block is improved with bearing The rotation fluency of hollow axle, reduces the Caton phenomenon of hollow axle.
The present invention is further arranged to: bearing plate is also undertaken between the bearing block and air knife head, the bearing plate Two sides are detachably connected between bearing block and air knife head respectively;And the two sides of bearing plate are provided with and are embedded in for sealing ring Annular groove.
Through the above technical solutions, the upper and lower side of bearing plate is respectively provided with seal groove, it can be close in inside setting in seal groove Seal reduces gas leakage risk to improve the leakproofness of bearing plate from upper and lower two sides.
The present invention is further arranged to: being provided with two groups of positioning strips on the carrier platform, is determined wherein one group of position is opposite Position item slides laterally limit for CUP, and the opposite positioning strip in another group of position is limited for CUP longitudinal sliding motion.
Through the above technical solutions, positioning when the positioning strip on carrier platform is put for CUP, limits the movable model of CUP It encloses, improves the stable in placement of CUP.
The present invention is further arranged to: the air knife head is in circular platform type, and the air knife head includes side and top surface, the wind Air knife slot is offered on the side and/or top surface of cutter head.
Through the above technical solutions, top surface and side on air knife head can be by air knife slot outlet air, when outlet air, wind is with the wind The rotation of cutter head realizes rotation outlet air, and wind forms the dual-action for blowing and blowing, to improve air knife head removing in CUP inner wall Dirt effect.
The present invention is further arranged to: the air knife slot is inclined to set relative to the bus of air knife head.
Through the above technical solutions, air knife slot is tilted relative to bus, thus increase air knife slot in the span of air knife head, It realizes bigger wind-out range, enhances the outlet air dust removing effects of air knife head.
In conclusion advantageous effects of the invention are as follows:
1. under dustfree environment, realizing that automation compresses the effect of positioning, dust-removing, dedusting high reliablity is high-efficient;
2. under dustfree environment, the blowing of air knife head is along with rotation, the wind likeness in form cyclone being consequently formed, dust removing effects are more preferable.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic cross-sectional view of CUP and LENS;
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of CUP;
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of LCM;
Fig. 4 is the overall structure diagram of the present embodiment;
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram that the present embodiment embodies blowing device and carrier device;
Fig. 6 is the carrier device structural schematic diagram that the present embodiment embodies;
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of the blowing device of the present embodiment;
Fig. 8 is the cross-sectional view in the direction A-A of Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 is the structural schematic diagram that the present embodiment embodies rotating mechanism;
Figure 10 is the perspective view of the explosion that the present embodiment embodies rotating mechanism.
Detailed description of the invention, 11, CUP;12,LENS;13,LCM;2, workbench;3, carrier device;31, carrier platform;311, it positions Item;32, pressing plate;321, plastic plate;33, actuator is pushed;4, blowing device;41, actuator is gone up and down;42, air knife head;421, wind Cutter groove;43, seal box;431, air inlet;432, gas outlet;433, seal groove;44, air extractor;45, inlet duct;46, it revolves Rotation mechanism;461, transfer tube;462, hollow axle;47, partition;471, rotating electric machine;48, bearing plate;481, annular groove;49, axis Hold seat.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, invention is further described in detail.
Referring to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, it is a kind of VR cleaning equipment disclosed by the invention, including workbench 2, is provided on workbench 2 Carrier device 3 and blowing device 4, carrier device 3 for placing CUP11, blowing device 4 be used for the CUP11 inner wall put into Row dust-removing.
With reference to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, which includes carrier platform 31, is provided on carrier platform 31 and pushes actuator 33, should Pushing actuator 33 can be selected cylinder, pushes actuator 33 and connects pressing plate 32, the pushing of pressing plate 32 compresses CUP11,32 bottom of pressing plate Side is connected with plastic plate 321, and plastic plate 321 can realize a certain amount of compression when it contradicts CUP11, CUP11 is compressed, thus So that CUP11 putting on carrier platform 31 is more stable.Meanwhile two groups of positioning strips 311 are provided on carrier platform 31, every group two A, the position of two groups of positioning strips 311 is opposite, thus limit CUP11 slide laterally and longitudinal sliding motion.
With reference to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, it is gone up and down by lifting actuator 41(with reference to Fig. 5) realization blowing device 4, lifting driving Lead screw transmission structure can be used in part 41, to realize the whole lifting of blowing device 4.Blowing device 4 mainly includes air knife head 42 With seal box 43, the upper opening of the seal box 43,43 side outer wall of seal box is equipped with air inlet 431, can on the outside of air inlet 431 Connect air intake pump and its associated component, be provided with rotating mechanism 46 in seal box 43,46 inner hollow of rotating mechanism and with into Port 431 communicates;Transfer tube 461 is connected in air inlet 431, one end rotation connection of the transfer tube 461 far from air inlet 431 is hollow Shaft 462, hollow axle 462 are driven by bevel gear by a rotating electric machine 471 and are rotated, and hollow axle 462 is rotated band Dynamic air knife head 42 rotates, thus turn while air knife 42 outlet air of head, air-flow realizes the effect blown, scraped to CUP11 inner wall, in addition Ion wind can be opened inwards into, ion wind derives from ion blower, and ion wind can be realized the effect of electrostatic precipitation, improve and remove Dirt rate.
With reference to 9 and Figure 10, the rotating mechanism 46 in seal box 43 further includes partition 47, the inner wall of partition 47 and seal box 43 It contradicts, increases the stability that rotating electric machine 471 is installed;Bearing block 49 is connected on the inside of partition 47, connects bearing on the inside of bearing block 49, Bearing inner race and hollow axle 462 are affixed, are cooperated between hollow axle 462 and rotating electric machine 471 by bevel gear, i.e. electric rotating Machine 471 drives hollow axle 462 to rotate.It is connected with bearing plate 48 on hollow axle 462, air knife head is connected on bearing plate 48 42, thus air knife head 42 can be driven and rotate;In order to increase leakproofness, the upper and lower side of bearing plate 48 is provided with for close The annular groove 481 of seal insertion, the embeddable sealing ring of annular groove 481, sealing ring improve air knife head 42, bearing plate 48 and middle idle running Leakproofness between axis 462.
With reference to Fig. 9 and Figure 10, it is provided with seal groove 433 on 43 upper opening circumferential surface of seal box, seal groove 433 is for sealing ring Insertion thus when internal wind recycles, reduces so that its outer peripheral surface and 31 bottom surface of carrier platform contradict when seal box 43 rises The loss of the exhausting amount of seal box 43, improves dust removing effects.Air knife head 42 is in circular platform type structure comprising side and top surface, Air knife slot 421 is offered on the side and/or top surface of air knife head 42, air knife slot 421 is inclined relative to the bus of air knife head 42 Setting.In the present solution, the air knife slot 421 on air knife head 42 extends to top surface from side, longer outlet air span is formd, and with The rotation of air knife head 42, air-flow formed during exercise rotation outlet air effect, improve dust removal rate.
The implementation principle of the present embodiment are as follows: CUP11 is placed on carrier platform 31, by 311 Primary Location of positioning strip, secondly It pushes actuator 33 to decline with dynamic pressure plate 32, i.e., CUP11 has been compressed by pressing plate 32;It goes up and down actuator 41 and drives blowing device 4 Rise overally, air knife head 42 in blowing device 4 enters in CUP11, in seal box 43,45 air inlet of inlet duct, air-flow from into 431 air inlet of port simultaneously enters transfer tube 461, and the air-flow in transfer tube 461 enters back into hollow axle 462, the gas of hollow axle 462 Stream enters back into air knife head 42, passes through 42 windward cutter groove of air knife head, 421 outlet;Simultaneously rotating electric machine 471 drive hollow axle 462 into Row rotation, so that the air knife head 42 of 462 top of hollow axle rotates, air knife head 42 passes through 421 outlet of air knife slot, rotation, It realizes rotation outlet air, blows dedusting to CUP11 inner wall.
The embodiment of present embodiment is presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not limits protection of the invention according to this Range, therefore: the equivalence changes that all structures under this invention, shape, principle are done, should all be covered by protection scope of the present invention it It is interior.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of VR cleaning equipment, which is characterized in that including workbench (2), the workbench (2) is equipped with carrier device (3), The carrier device (3) includes the hollow carrier platform (31) for placing CUP (11), and the carrier platform (31), which is equipped with, to be compressed The pressing plate (32) of CUP (11), the pushing actuator (33) for driving pressing plate (32) lifting;
The lifting actuator that the bottom side of the workbench (2) is equipped with blowing device (4), drives blowing device (4) lifting (41), blowing device (4) includes for rotating and the air knife head (42) of outlet air.
2. VR cleaning equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the blowing device (4) includes upper opening Seal box (43), the seal box (43) are equipped with the air extractor of gas outlet (432) and the connection gas outlet (432) (44), the seal box (43) is equipped with the inlet duct (45) of air inlet (431) and the connection air inlet (431);Institute State the rotating mechanism (46) for being provided with inner hollow in seal box (43) and being connected with inlet duct (45), the rotating mechanism (46) air knife head (42) are connected.
3. VR cleaning equipment according to claim 2, which is characterized in that week of seal box (43) top along its opening The seal groove (433) for sealing ring insertion is provided on face, when seal box (43) rise and contradict to carrier platform (31) bottom side, The bottom side wall surface of the carrier platform (31) and seal box (43) form sealing structure.
4. VR cleaning equipment according to claim 2, which is characterized in that pressing plate (32) bottom side is connected with plastic plate (321)。
5. VR cleaning equipment according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the rotating mechanism (46) includes connection air inlet (431) transfer tube (461), the transfer tube (461) connects hollow axle (462) far from the one end of air inlet (431), described Hollow axle (462) is connected to air knife head (42) and communicates with air knife head (42), and the hollow axle (462) is by a rotating electric machine (471) it drives and is rotated.
6. VR cleaning equipment according to claim 5, which is characterized in that be equipped in the seal box (43) and pasted with its inner wall The partition (47) of conjunction, the bearing block (49) being connected on the inside of partition (47), are provided with bearing in the bearing block (49), it is described in Pony axle (462) and bearing inner race are affixed, pass through Bevel Gear Transmission between hollow axle (462) and rotating electric machine (471).
7. VR cleaning equipment according to claim 6, which is characterized in that between the bearing block (49) and air knife head (42) It also undertakes bearing plate (48), the two sides of the bearing plate (48) are removable between bearing block (49) and air knife head (42) respectively Unload connection;And the two sides of bearing plate (48) are provided with the annular groove (481) for sealing ring insertion.
8. VR cleaning equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be provided with two groups of positioning on the carrier platform (31) Item (311), wherein the opposite positioning strip (311) in one group of position slides laterally limit for CUP (11), another group of position is opposite to determine Position item (311) is limited for CUP (11) longitudinal sliding motion.
9. VR cleaning equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the air knife head (42) is in circular platform type, the wind Cutter head (42) includes side and top surface, offers air knife slot (421) on the side and/or top surface of the air knife head (42).
10. VR cleaning equipment according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the air knife slot (421) is relative to air knife head (42) bus is inclined to set.
CN201910005514.9A 2019-01-03 2019-01-03 VR cleaning equipment Pending CN109856817A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910005514.9A CN109856817A (en) 2019-01-03 2019-01-03 VR cleaning equipment

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910005514.9A CN109856817A (en) 2019-01-03 2019-01-03 VR cleaning equipment

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN109856817A true CN109856817A (en) 2019-06-07

Family

ID=66893945

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201910005514.9A Pending CN109856817A (en) 2019-01-03 2019-01-03 VR cleaning equipment

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN109856817A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114713563A (en) * 2022-03-01 2022-07-08 长沙振安机电设备有限公司 Motor cleaning device

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5730163A (en) * 1995-11-25 1998-03-24 Durr Ecoclean Gmbh Automatically operating cleaning installation for workpieces
KR20090006650A (en) * 2007-07-12 2009-01-15 유진 Cleaning tube for duct
DE202012100192U1 (en) * 2012-01-19 2012-02-28 Erwin Max Herbert Weihe Cleaning cup and cleaning device
JP2013184101A (en) * 2012-03-07 2013-09-19 Toppan Printing Co Ltd Air cleaning apparatus
CN204448701U (en) * 2015-03-07 2015-07-08 陈爱珍 The automatic clearing and drying device of a kind of ultrasonic wave glasses
CN205496228U (en) * 2016-03-10 2016-08-24 浙江申达化妆品包装有限公司 Grind dust absorption mechanism of bottle machine
CN206184828U (en) * 2016-10-26 2017-05-24 国网河南省电力公司周口供电公司 Portable electric electroceramics bottle brush
CN107309215A (en) * 2017-08-15 2017-11-03 无锡先导智能装备股份有限公司 Battery container dust arrester and package machine
CN209543001U (en) * 2019-01-03 2019-10-25 苏州市星光精密机械有限公司 VR cleaning equipment

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5730163A (en) * 1995-11-25 1998-03-24 Durr Ecoclean Gmbh Automatically operating cleaning installation for workpieces
KR20090006650A (en) * 2007-07-12 2009-01-15 유진 Cleaning tube for duct
DE202012100192U1 (en) * 2012-01-19 2012-02-28 Erwin Max Herbert Weihe Cleaning cup and cleaning device
JP2013184101A (en) * 2012-03-07 2013-09-19 Toppan Printing Co Ltd Air cleaning apparatus
CN204448701U (en) * 2015-03-07 2015-07-08 陈爱珍 The automatic clearing and drying device of a kind of ultrasonic wave glasses
CN205496228U (en) * 2016-03-10 2016-08-24 浙江申达化妆品包装有限公司 Grind dust absorption mechanism of bottle machine
CN206184828U (en) * 2016-10-26 2017-05-24 国网河南省电力公司周口供电公司 Portable electric electroceramics bottle brush
CN107309215A (en) * 2017-08-15 2017-11-03 无锡先导智能装备股份有限公司 Battery container dust arrester and package machine
CN209543001U (en) * 2019-01-03 2019-10-25 苏州市星光精密机械有限公司 VR cleaning equipment

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114713563A (en) * 2022-03-01 2022-07-08 长沙振安机电设备有限公司 Motor cleaning device
CN114713563B (en) * 2022-03-01 2023-03-07 长沙振安机电设备有限公司 Motor cleaning device

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN209543001U (en) VR cleaning equipment
CN209543000U (en) A kind of air knife and the air knife component including the air knife
CN2826023Y (en) Improved box fan structure
CN109856817A (en) VR cleaning equipment
CN109674288A (en) A kind of Art Design works Mobile exhibiting device
CN109856818A (en) A kind of air knife and the air knife component including the air knife
CN111649436A (en) Integrated environment-friendly ventilation and negative-pressure dust removal equipment for cosmetic packaging workshop
CN109580651A (en) Detection device, detection method, detection system and the cleaning equipment of VR glasses
CN209543006U (en) LCM cleans detection device
CN208513117U (en) A kind of multimedia teaching projector lens wiping arrangement
CN108481957A (en) A kind of computer control combination blackboard
CN207264022U (en) Virtual reality display device
CN206162035U (en) Projection arrangement of visual transmission design usefulness
CN205162546U (en) Art design sample display device
CN205436483U (en) Coating film product dust removal case
CN209487047U (en) A kind of device for displaying information of building construction
CN114077147A (en) Holographic projection intelligent interaction device
CN106791334A (en) It is a kind of based on the lens cleaning device for twinkling bionical and camera head
CN209300655U (en) A kind of classification display machine for three-dimensional cartoon works
CN216412042U (en) Internal dust cleaning system of three-dimensional simulation case
CN208146492U (en) Outdoor multimedia terminal in wisdom city
CN109596635A (en) LCM cleans detection device, detection method, detection system
CN107377528B (en) Dust collecting equipment of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy dispensing room
CN204964884U (en) Helmet based on virtual reality system
CN211570678U (en) Surface laser printing equipment is used in production of full-automatic leather products

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination