CN109856339B - Formaldehyde concentration prediction method and formaldehyde concentration prediction instrument - Google Patents
Formaldehyde concentration prediction method and formaldehyde concentration prediction instrument Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Provided are an indoor formaldehyde concentration prediction method and an indoor formaldehyde concentration prediction instrument, wherein the indoor formaldehyde concentration prediction method comprises the following steps: acquiring data of formaldehyde concentration changing with time in the same room under closed condition and ventilation condition by using a formaldehyde monitoring instrument; obtaining a formaldehyde concentration model based on a preset diffusion process function form, fitting the formaldehyde concentration model by using the obtained formaldehyde concentration data to obtain parameters in the formaldehyde concentration model, wherein the parameters comprise formaldehyde diffusion coefficients of furniture; and determining a diffusion process function based on the formaldehyde concentration model obtained by fitting, and predicting the indoor formaldehyde concentration at the determined time. The following benefits can be obtained: by means of the formaldehyde concentration prediction result, subjective uncertainty is avoided, the formaldehyde removal scheme including ventilation measures is scientifically guided, and living safety is guaranteed; the environmental protection level of the artificial board is obtained through the prediction results of the formaldehyde emission and the content, and the living safety is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to a formaldehyde concentration prediction technology, and more particularly to an indoor formaldehyde concentration prediction method and a formaldehyde concentration prediction apparatus.
Background
At present, artificial board materials are mostly adopted for indoor decoration, most of the artificial board materials contain formaldehyde, according to the research of Japanese scholars, the release period of the formaldehyde in the artificial board materials is as long as 3-15 years, the formaldehyde is a harmful gas, the higher the concentration of the formaldehyde is, the larger the harm of human body inhalation is, mucous membranes of light people are stimulated, and serious people cause dyspnea and even death. People generally pay attention to the concentration of formaldehyde after home decoration, and the formaldehyde concentration is reduced by adopting a windowing ventilation mode after the home decoration, but the current research on the formaldehyde release rule and the formaldehyde release amount is not sufficient, effective guidance suggestions are lacked for windowing ventilation, the existing artificial board formaldehyde detection method does not correspond to indexes of indoor air quality standards, the detection indexes lack corresponding relations with actual feelings, and the artificial board formaldehyde detection method is not intuitive.
The existing ventilation scheme is as follows: the ventilation time is controlled according to the feeling, the subjectivity is strong, the effect can not be ensured at will.
The disadvantages of this solution are:
1. the subjectivity is strong, the ventilation mode is not necessarily the most effective ventilation mode, and the ventilation effect cannot be ensured;
2. the total ventilation time is uncertain, and the requirement of safe residence cannot be met;
one of the existing methods for detecting formaldehyde content of artificial boards is a perforation method.
The disadvantages of this solution are:
1. laboratory detection is required, and the cost is high;
2. because the artificial board releases formaldehyde all the time, the closer the inspection time is, the lower the content is, theoretically, the material should be detected when leaving factory, and consumers generally do not have the detection condition;
the existing artificial board formaldehyde emission detection method comprises the following steps: 1, a cubic climate box method; a dryer method; ③ gas analysis method.
The disadvantages of this solution are:
1. the 1-cubic-meter climatic chamber method utilizes a climatic chamber with the volume of 1 cubic meter to carry out detection, requires air exchange once per hour, is not in accordance with indoor air quality standard, requires detection after a door and a window are closed for 12 hours in the standard, does not correspond to the detection method, leads the detection index to be disjointed from actual feeling, and is not visual enough.
2. The dryer method and the gas analysis method are different from the standard in index unit and cannot be corresponded and compared.
3. The existing methods all need laboratory detection and are high in cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances.
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for predicting formaldehyde concentration in a room, wherein the room has furniture made of plates, the method comprising: acquiring data of formaldehyde concentration changing with time in the same room under closed condition and ventilation condition by using a formaldehyde monitoring instrument; obtaining a formaldehyde concentration model based on a preset diffusion process function form, fitting the formaldehyde concentration model by using the obtained formaldehyde concentration data to obtain parameters in the formaldehyde concentration model, wherein the parameters comprise formaldehyde diffusion coefficients of furniture; and determining a diffusion process function based on the formaldehyde concentration model obtained by fitting, and predicting the indoor formaldehyde concentration at the determined time.
Optionally, the diffusion process function is:
Ci-Co＝kv
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
ci, the higher concentration in the diffusion region,
co, which is the lower concentration in the diffusion region,
k is the formaldehyde diffusion coefficient and v is the diffusion velocity.
Optionally, the formaldehyde concentration model satisfies the following indoor formaldehyde change law:
under a closed state, along with the increasing of the indoor formaldehyde concentration, the formaldehyde diffusion speed of the plate furniture is slower and slower until the diffusion speed is 0, and the indoor formaldehyde concentration is not increased any more; the indoor formaldehyde concentration is described by the following equation:
wherein Co is the indoor formaldehyde concentration; cioThe concentration of formaldehyde in the board furniture is regarded as a fixed value within a preset time period; k is a diffusion coefficient in a closed state, b is a coefficient,
under the ventilation state, the board furniture diffuses formaldehyde to the room, and simultaneously diffuses formaldehyde to the outside, when the amount of the formaldehyde diffused by the board furniture is more than that diffused by the room to the outside, the indoor formaldehyde concentration is increased, otherwise, the indoor formaldehyde concentration is reduced, when the two are equal, the indoor formaldehyde concentration is kept unchanged, and at the moment, the diffusion coefficient k' under the ventilation state is obtained as follows:
wherein Cr is the indoor formaldehyde concentration in a ventilation state.
Optionally, the indoor formaldehyde concentration prediction method further includes: and determining the diffusion speed of the formaldehyde according to the diffusion process function, and calculating the release amount of the formaldehyde along with time.
Optionally, the indoor formaldehyde concentration prediction method further includes: assuming that a linear correlation exists between the formaldehyde content in the board and the formaldehyde concentration in the room, knowing the total formaldehyde release amount in a period of time, the initial formaldehyde concentration in the period of time and the final formaldehyde concentration in the period of time, the formaldehyde content in the board at any time point is predicted.
Optionally, the indoor formaldehyde concentration prediction method further includes: determining the formaldehyde content of the plate furniture when entering the field, and determining the environmental protection level of the plate based on the formaldehyde content of the plate furniture when entering the field.
Optionally, the indoor formaldehyde concentration prediction method further includes: based on the diffusion process function of formaldehyde from the panel furniture to the room, the diffusion process function of formaldehyde from the room to the outside, and the diffusion of formaldehyde from the furniture to the room and from the room to the outside in a steady state.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an indoor formaldehyde concentration prediction apparatus comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored thereon computer executable code operable to perform an indoor formaldehyde concentration prediction method when executed by the processor.
The embodiment of the invention provides a complete method for predicting the concentration, the release amount and the content of formaldehyde. Experimental results show that the formaldehyde concentration predicted by the formaldehyde concentration prediction method has high conformity with the formaldehyde concentration actually measured subsequently.
According to the indoor formaldehyde concentration prediction technology of the embodiment of the invention, the following advantages can be obtained
By means of the formaldehyde concentration prediction result, subjective uncertainty is avoided, the formaldehyde removal scheme including ventilation measures is scientifically guided, and living safety is guaranteed;
the environmental protection level of the artificial board is obtained through the prediction results of the formaldehyde emission and the content, so that the living safety is ensured;
after the scheme is standardized, a detection standard corresponding to indoor air quality standard can be established, the detection result corresponds to actual feeling, the living safety of people is protected, the improvement of the artificial board industry is promoted, and more environment-friendly products are produced.
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These and/or other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and more readily appreciated from the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 shows an overall system process block diagram according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 shows a typical indoor formaldehyde concentration curve obtained by the inventors based on experiments.
Fig. 3 shows the change law of formaldehyde concentration in the room with ventilation.
Figure 4 shows typical release profiles over time obtained experimentally by the inventors.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation of formaldehyde content at any point in the panel according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 shows a room standardization diagram.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the evaluation index, the formaldehyde concentration standard line and the formaldehyde concentration curve according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 shows the measured typical 24-hour formaldehyde concentration curves obtained by the experiment of opening the window for ventilation in the daytime and closing the window for sealing at night.
Fig. 9 shows a graph between experimental results obtained based on experiments and predicted results according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, the following detailed description of the invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the detailed description of the invention.
Fig. 1 shows a general system process block diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is divided into 3 steps of experiment, data analysis and data prediction, and by adopting the 3 steps, the formaldehyde concentration, formaldehyde emission and content in a user's home can be predicted. After the system standardizes the room size, the material size, the observation environment and the like, the detection standard corresponding to the indoor air quality standard can be established.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an indoor formaldehyde concentration prediction method, including: acquiring data of formaldehyde concentration changing with time in the same room under closed condition and ventilation condition by using a formaldehyde monitoring instrument; obtaining a formaldehyde concentration model based on a preset diffusion process function form, fitting the formaldehyde concentration model by using the obtained formaldehyde concentration data to obtain parameters in the formaldehyde concentration model, wherein the parameters comprise formaldehyde diffusion coefficients of furniture; and determining a diffusion process function based on the formaldehyde concentration model obtained by fitting, and predicting the indoor formaldehyde concentration at the determined time.
As a preferred example, the diffusion process function is:
Ci-Co＝kv (1)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
ci, the higher concentration in the diffusion region,
co, which is the lower concentration in the diffusion region,
k is the formaldehyde diffusion coefficient and v is the diffusion velocity.
Without loss of generality, the room has a source of formaldehyde emissions, and the following description will be given by taking the example of a room having board furniture, which is generally the main source of formaldehyde in the room. The formaldehyde concentration model satisfies the following indoor formaldehyde change rule: under a closed state, along with the increasing of the indoor formaldehyde concentration, the formaldehyde diffusion speed of the plate furniture is slower and slower until the diffusion speed is 0, and the indoor formaldehyde concentration is not increased any more; the indoor formaldehyde concentration can be described by the following equation:
wherein Co is the indoor formaldehyde concentration; cioThe concentration of formaldehyde in the board furniture is regarded as a fixed value within a preset time period; k is a diffusion coefficient in a closed state, and b is a coefficient. A typical indoor formaldehyde concentration curve obtained by the inventors based on the experiments is shown in fig. 2.
Under the ventilation state, the board furniture diffuses formaldehyde to the room, and simultaneously the room diffuses formaldehyde to the outside, when the amount of the formaldehyde diffused by the board furniture is more than that diffused by the room to the outside, the indoor formaldehyde concentration rises, otherwise, the indoor formaldehyde concentration decreases, when the two are equal, the indoor formaldehyde concentration is kept unchanged, at the moment, the diffusion coefficient under the ventilation state is represented by k ', and k' can be calculated according to the following formula:
wherein Cr is the indoor formaldehyde concentration in a ventilation state.
A typical change rule is shown in figure 3, under the condition of continuous ventilation, as formaldehyde in the board is continuously released, the indoor formaldehyde concentration is lower and lower, the initial falling speed is high, and the middle and later falling speeds are slow.
As an application example, the indoor formaldehyde concentration prediction method further includes: and determining the diffusion speed of the formaldehyde according to the diffusion process function, and calculating the release amount of the formaldehyde along with time. Typical release profiles over time obtained experimentally by the inventors are shown in figure 4.
As an application example, the indoor formaldehyde concentration prediction method may further include: assuming that there is a linear correlation between the formaldehyde content in the board and the formaldehyde concentration in the room, knowing the total formaldehyde emission amount over a period of time, the initial formaldehyde concentration over the period of time, and the final formaldehyde concentration over the period of time, the formaldehyde content in the board at any time can be predicted, for example, as shown in the following formula:
wherein M is the content of formaldehyde corresponding to the predicted time point, Δ M is the release amount of formaldehyde for a period of time, Δ C is the difference of the concentration of formaldehyde for a period of time, and C is the concentration of formaldehyde corresponding to the predicted time point.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation of formaldehyde content at any point in the panel according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Since the formaldehyde content in the board at any time point can be predicted as above, the environmental protection level of the board can be determined as follows, specifically, the formaldehyde content of the board furniture when entering the field is determined, and the environmental protection level of the board is determined based on the formaldehyde content of the board furniture when entering the field.
Further, the indoor formaldehyde concentration prediction method may further include: fitting the formaldehyde concentration model by using the obtained formaldehyde concentration data based on the diffusion process function of formaldehyde from the plate furniture to the room, the diffusion process function of formaldehyde from the room to the outside and the assumption that the formaldehyde diffused from the furniture to the room and the formaldehyde diffused from the room to the outside are equal in a stable state to obtain parameters in the formaldehyde concentration model, wherein the parameters comprise the formaldehyde diffusion coefficient of the furniture and the formaldehyde diffusion coefficient of the room.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an indoor formaldehyde concentration predicting apparatus, including a memory and a processor, the memory having stored thereon computer executable code, which when executed by the processor, is operable to perform any one of the indoor formaldehyde concentration predicting methods described above.
As an application example, after various factors of the scheme are standardized, a detection system corresponding to "indoor air quality standard" can be established.
As shown in fig. 6: the room can be standardized to have a length × width × height of 4m × 2.5m × 2.8m, and a bottom area of 10m2(ii) a ② the room is provided with a window, the width multiplied by the height is 2m multiplied by 1.5m, the window area is 3m2(ii) a Thirdly, placing the artificial board in the room, placing the artificial board on a metal frame, wherein the surface area of the artificial board is 15m2(ii) a Fourthly, controlling the temperature and the relative humidity in the room to be constant values, wherein the temperature can be 25 ℃, and the relative humidity can be 50%; sealing experiment for 12 hours is carried out 1 time per week, and ventilation is carried out for 24 hours in other periods. Sixthly, drawing a relation curve of indoor formaldehyde concentration and time in a closed state according to an observation result, wherein the indoor formaldehyde concentration is less than or equal to 0.1mg/m in the closed state within 12 hours3As a judgment condition, the total ventilation time from the material entering the field to the time when the indoor formaldehyde concentration meets the requirement is taken as a judgment index, and FIG. 7 showsThe relationship between the evaluation index, the formaldehyde concentration standard line and the formaldehyde concentration curve is shown schematically.
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to a specific application example.
A common house in a certain community of a sunward area in Beijing is finished in 7 months in 2018, and is ventilated to eliminate formaldehyde in 8 months in 2018, and a formaldehyde concentration detection instrument is synchronously configured for real-time monitoring.
8, 7 days in the month to 8, 15 days in the month, opening the window for ventilation in the daytime, closing the window at night and sealing the window, wherein a typical actual measurement curve of the formaldehyde concentration in 24 hours is shown in figure 8.
And (3) data analysis:
according to the actual measurement data of 8 months, 7 days to 8 months and 15 days, fitting the actual measurement curve by using the formaldehyde concentration prediction method of the embodiment of the invention and the formulas (1) and (2) to obtain the formaldehyde diffusion coefficients of the room, wherein the coefficients are respectively as follows:
diffusion coefficient k in closed state is 0.175
Coefficient b is 0.0189
Diffusion coefficient k' is 0.95 under ventilation condition
Using the above data and the diffusion equation, the formaldehyde emission and formaldehyde concentration in the room from 8 months 1 to 10 months 29 days were predicted as shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 prediction table of formaldehyde emission and formaldehyde concentration
The prediction results show that:
1) along with the reduction of the ventilation temperature, the formaldehyde released in 24 hours by ventilation is gradually reduced, namely the formaldehyde release speed is slower and slower;
2) after 3 and half months of ventilation and 11 months and 14 days, the indoor formaldehyde concentration is 0 in a closed state.237mg/m3Far exceeds the national standard of 0.1mg/m3The living requirements cannot be met;
3) and in 8 months and 1 day, when the furniture enters the field, the content of formaldehyde in the furniture is presumed to be 22294mg, and the total mass of the furniture is 3500kg, so that the furniture with the formaldehyde content of 0.64mg/100g and less than 3mg/100g belongs to E0-grade plates.
From day 8 and 15, ventilation was typically carried out for 24 hours, and closure was carried out at irregular nights for actual measurement and comparison with the predicted results, as shown in the following table and fig. 9:
TABLE 2 comparison of formaldehyde concentration in the blocked state (in mg/m)3)
As can be seen from the comparison of the prediction result and the actual measurement result, the predicted value and the actual measurement value have the same trend. Under the condition of short time, the predicted value and the measured value have certain difference under the influence of actual ventilation temperature, ventilation conditions and the like; in the long-term case, the predicted value is close to the measured value. The invention has stronger reference significance for guiding ventilation and ensuring safe living.
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method of predicting indoor formaldehyde concentration, the method comprising:
acquiring data of formaldehyde concentration changing with time in the same room under closed condition and ventilation condition by using a formaldehyde monitoring instrument;
obtaining a formaldehyde concentration model based on a preset diffusion process function form, fitting the formaldehyde concentration model by using the obtained formaldehyde concentration data to obtain parameters in the formaldehyde concentration model, wherein the parameters comprise formaldehyde diffusion coefficients of furniture;
determining a diffusion process function based on the formaldehyde concentration model obtained by fitting, predicting the indoor formaldehyde concentration at a determined time,
wherein the predetermined diffusion process function is of the form:
Ci-Co＝kv
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
ci, the higher concentration in the diffusion region,
co, which is the lower concentration in the diffusion region,
k is the formaldehyde diffusion coefficient, v is the diffusion velocity,
wherein have panel furniture indoors, formaldehyde concentration model satisfies following indoor formaldehyde change law:
under a closed state, along with the increasing of the indoor formaldehyde concentration, the formaldehyde diffusion speed of the plate furniture is slower and slower until the diffusion speed is 0, and the indoor formaldehyde concentration is not increased any more; the indoor formaldehyde concentration is described by the following equation:
wherein Co is the indoor formaldehyde concentration; cioThe concentration of formaldehyde in the board furniture is regarded as a fixed value within a preset time period; k is a diffusion coefficient in a closed state, b is a coefficient,
under the ventilation state, the board furniture diffuses formaldehyde to the room, and simultaneously diffuses formaldehyde to the outside, when the amount of the formaldehyde diffused by the board furniture is more than that diffused by the room to the outside, the indoor formaldehyde concentration is increased, otherwise, the indoor formaldehyde concentration is reduced, when the two are equal, the indoor formaldehyde concentration is kept unchanged, and at the moment, the diffusion coefficient k' under the ventilation state is obtained as follows:
wherein Cr is the indoor formaldehyde concentration in a ventilation state,
the indoor formaldehyde concentration prediction method further comprises the following steps:
and determining the diffusion speed of the formaldehyde based on the obtained diffusion coefficient k' under the ventilation state according to the diffusion process function, and calculating the release amount of the formaldehyde along with the time.
2. The indoor formaldehyde concentration prediction method according to claim 1, further comprising:
assuming that a linear correlation exists between the formaldehyde content in the board and the formaldehyde concentration in the room, knowing the total formaldehyde release amount in a period of time, the initial formaldehyde concentration in the period of time and the final formaldehyde concentration in the period of time, the formaldehyde content in the board at any time point is predicted.
3. The indoor formaldehyde concentration prediction method according to claim 2, further comprising:
determining the formaldehyde content of the plate furniture when entering the field, and determining the environmental protection level of the plate based on the formaldehyde content of the plate furniture when entering the field.
4. The indoor formaldehyde concentration prediction method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising:
fitting the obtained formaldehyde concentration data to a formaldehyde concentration model based on the assumption that the formaldehyde is diffused from the plate furniture to the room, the formaldehyde diffused from the room to the outside, the formaldehyde diffused from the furniture to the room in a steady state and the formaldehyde diffused from the room to the outside are equal to obtain parameters in the formaldehyde concentration model, wherein the parameters comprise the formaldehyde diffusion coefficient of the furniture and the formaldehyde diffusion coefficient of the room.
5. An indoor formaldehyde concentration prediction instrument comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored thereon computer executable code operable to perform the indoor formaldehyde concentration prediction method of any one of claims 1 to 4 when executed by the processor.
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| CN111307199A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-06-19 | 北京普源精电科技有限公司 | Electronic measuring instrument with prediction device and prediction method of electronic measuring instrument |
| CN111521741B (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2022-09-16 | 杭州环检检测科技有限公司 | Indoor formaldehyde detection system for home decoration detection acceptance |
| CN113740488A (en) * | 2021-07-18 | 2021-12-03 | 昆明理工大学 | Formaldehyde monitoring system and method |
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